Reducing speed limit sign function false positives
By employing high-definition maps and vehicle positioning, the system accurately determines adherence to traffic speed-limit signs based on ramp association, addressing false positives and negatives in autonomous driving.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103039
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing systems struggle to accurately determine whether autonomous vehicles should adhere to or ignore detected traffic speed-limit signs, particularly when the signs are located near off-ramps, leading to false positives or false negatives in speed-limit sign detection.
The system utilizes high-definition maps, vehicle turn signal indications, and the vehicle's location on a highway to determine whether a detected traffic speed-limit sign is relevant by considering lateral and longitudinal distances, as well as navigation information, to accurately associate the sign with a ramp or road edge.
This approach enhances driving safety by providing a more accurate determination of whether to follow or ignore detected speed-limit signs, reducing false positives and negatives.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024103039_08012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
REDUCING SPEED LIMIT SIGN FUNCTION FALSE POSITIVESFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to driving assistance. For example, aspects of the present disclosure relate to reducing speed limit sign function false positives.BACKGROUND
[0002] Increasingly, systems and devices (e.g., autonomous vehicles, such as autonomous and semi-autonomous cars, drones, mobile robots, mobile devices, extended reality (XR) devices, and other suitable systems or devices) include multiple sensors to gather information about the environment, as well as processing systems to process the information gathered, such as for route planning, navigation, collision avoidance, etc. One example of such a system is an Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for a vehicle. Sensor data, such as images, captured from one or more image sensors of cameras may be gathered, transformed, and analyzed for enhancing driving safety.SUMMARY
[0003] The following presents a simplified summary relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Thus, the following summary should not be considered an extensive overview relating to all contemplated aspects, nor should the following summary be considered to identify key or critical elements relating to all contemplated aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Accordingly, the following summary has the sole purpose to present certain concepts relating to one or more aspects relating to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a simplified form to precede the detailed description presented below.
[0004] Disclosed are systems and techniques for driving assistance. According to at least one example, an apparatus for traffic sign detection is provided. The apparatus includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; associate ramp information with the traffic sign, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold; determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0005] In some aspects, a method for traffic sign detection is provided. The method includes: determining, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determining a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; associating ramp information with the traffic sign, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold; determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and determining, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0006] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium is provided that has stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; associate ramp information with the traffic sign, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold; determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0007] In some aspects, an apparatus for traffic sign detection is provided. The apparatus includes: means for determining, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; means for determining a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; means for associating ramp information with the traffic sign, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold; means for determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and means for determining, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0008] In some aspects, each of the apparatuses described above is, can be part of, or can include a vehicle or a part (e.g., a system) of the vehicle, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone) , an extended reality (XR) device (e.g., a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, or a mixed reality (MR) device) , a wearable device, a server computer, an aviation system, or other device. In some aspects, the apparatus includes an image sensor (e.g., a camera) or multiple image sensors (e.g., multiple cameras) for capturing one or more images. In some aspects, the apparatus includes one or more displays for displaying one or more images, notifications, and / or other displayable data. In some aspects, the apparatus includes one or more speakers, one or more light-emitting devices, and / or one or more microphones. In some aspects, the apparatuses described above can include one or more sensors. In some cases, the one or more sensors can be used for determining a location of the apparatuses, a state of the apparatuses (e.g., a tracking state, an operating state, a temperature, a humidity level, and / or other state) , and / or for other purposes.
[0009] Some aspects include a device having a processor configured to perform one or more operations of any of the methods summarized above. Further aspects include processing devices for use in a device configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations of any of the methods summarized above. Further aspects include a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions configured to cause a processor of a device to perform operations of any of the methods summarized above. Further aspects include a device having means for performing functions of any of the methods summarized above.
[0010] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The foregoing, together with other features and aspects, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.
[0011] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.
[0012] The preceding, together with other features and embodiments, will become more apparent upon referring to the following specification, claims, and accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Illustrative aspects of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the following figures:
[0014] FIGS. 1A and 1B are block diagrams illustrating a vehicle suitable for implementing various techniques described herein, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 1C is a block diagram illustrating components of a vehicle suitable for implementing various techniques described herein, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 1D illustrates an example implementation of a system-on-a-chip (SOC) , in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example architecture of an image capture and processing system, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example scenario of a vehicle driving near traffic signs, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for reducing speed limit sign function false positives, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for obtaining coordinates of a position of a road segment of a road (e.g., a road edge) the vehicle is traveling, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a graphical example of converting coordinates (e.g., in a global coordinate system) of a position of a road segment (e.g., of a road, such as a road edge, the vehicle is traveling) to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for determining vehicle intent, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for filtering out speed-limit information (e.g., determining speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) , in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of road segments of a road, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for determining whether to associate ramp information with a detected traffic sign, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lateral distance between a position of a detected traffic sign and a position of a road segment of a road and a longitudinal distance between the position of the detected traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of a ramp, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a road separated from a ramp by a traversable road barrier (e.g., edge) , in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a road separated from a ramp by a non-traversable road barrier (e.g., edge) , in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a traffic sign located near a ramp, where the traffic sign does not include supplementary information, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a traffic sign located in between a road (e.g., a highway) and a ramp, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 16 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process for driving assistance, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 17 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of another process for driving assistance, in accordance with some aspects of the disclosure.
[0033] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a system for implementing certain aspects described herein.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Certain aspects of this disclosure are provided below for illustration purposes. Alternate aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of the disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of the disclosure. Some of the aspects described herein can be applied independently and some of them may be applied in combination as would be apparent to those of skill in the art. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of aspects of the application. However, it will be apparent that various aspects may be practiced without these specific details. The figures and description are not intended to be restrictive.
[0035] The ensuing description provides example aspects only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the example aspects will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an example aspect. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as set forth in the appended claims.
[0036] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term “aspects of the disclosure” does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage or mode of operation.
[0037] As previously mentioned, increasingly, systems and devices (e.g., autonomous vehicles, such as autonomous and semi-autonomous cars, drones, mobile robots, mobile devices, XR devices, and other suitable systems or devices) include multiple sensors to gather information about the environment, as well as processing systems to process the information gathered, such as for route planning, navigation, collision avoidance, etc. One example of such a system is an ADAS for a vehicle. Sensor data, such as images, captured from one or more image sensors of cameras, may be gathered, transformed, and analyzed for enhancing driving safety.
[0038] High definition (HD) maps can be used by vehicles (e.g., autonomous and / or semi-autonomous vehicles) for various purposes, including navigation, scene understanding, etc. An For instance, an HD map encodes prior knowledge of scenes (e.g., environment) that a vehicle may encounter. An HD map may be three-dimensional (e.g., including elevation information) . For instance, an HD map may include three-dimensional data (e.g., elevation data) regarding a three-dimensional space, such as a road on which a vehicle is navigating. In some examples, the HD map can include a plurality of map points corresponding to one or more reference locations in the three-dimensional space. In some cases, the HD map can include dimensional information for objects in the three-dimensional space and other semantic information associated with the three-dimensional space. For instance, the information from the HD map can include elevation or height information (e.g., road elevation / height) , normal information (e.g., road normal) , and / or other semantic information related to a portion (e.g., the road) of the three-dimensional space in which the vehicle is navigating.
[0039] An HD map may include a high level of detail (e.g., including centimeter level details) . In the context of HD maps, the term “high” typically refers to the level of detail and accuracy of the map data. In some cases, an HD map may have a higher spatial resolution and / or level of detail as compared to a non-HD map. While there is no specific universally accepted quantitative threshold to define “high” in HD maps, several factors contribute to the characterization of the quality and level of detail of an HD map. Some key aspects considered in evaluating the “high” quality of an HD map include resolution, geometric accuracy, semantic information, dynamic data, and coverage. With regard to resolution, HD maps generally have a high spatial resolution, meaning they provide detailed information about the environment. The resolution can be measured in terms of meters per pixel or pixels per meter, indicating the level of detail captured in the map. With regard to geometric accuracy, an accurate representation of road geometry, lane boundaries, and other features can be important in an HD map. High-quality HD maps strive for precise alignment and positioning of objects in the real world. Geometric accuracy is often quantified using metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE) or positional accuracy. With regard to semantic information, HD maps include not only geometric data but also semantic information about the environment. This may include lane-level information, traffic signs, traffic signals, road markings, building footprints, and more. The richness and completeness of the semantic information contribute to the level of detail in the map. With regard to dynamic data, some HD maps incorporate real-time or near real-time updates to capture dynamic elements such as traffic flow, road closures, construction zones, and temporary changes. The frequency and accuracy of dynamic updates can affect the quality of the HD map. With regard to coverage, the extent of coverage provided by an HD map is another important factor. Coverage refers to the geographical area covered by the map. An HD map can cover a significant portion of a city, region, or country. In general, an HD map may exhibit a rich level of detail, accurate representation of the environment, and extensive coverage.
[0040] For a vehicle (e.g., an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle) to utilize HD maps, the vehicle must determine its own position (location) in relation to the HD map. An autonomous vehicle typically utilizes positioning sensors implemented onboard the vehicle to estimate a location of the vehicle. These positioning sensors can include satellite receivers (e.g., for satellite positioning systems) and inertial measurement units (IMUs) .
[0041] Accurate detection of traffic signs, such as the detection of traffic speed-limit signs (also referred to as a speed-limit sign) , is a critical component of driving systems (e.g., autonomous or semi-autonomous driving systems) , enabling safe and efficient navigation of ego vehicles. There are a number of various different speed-limit sign detection methods. One example of a speed-limit sign detection method employs vision-based solutions. Vision-based solutions generally employ one or more cameras on the vehicle that capture one or more images of a speed-limit sign as the vehicle is driving past the sign. One or more processors on the vehicle can process the captured image (s) to determine the speed limit posted on the detected speed-limit sign.
[0042] In some cases, a detected traffic speed-limit sign located nearby a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should be ignored by the vehicle. An example of one of these cases is when a vehicle is driving on a highway and a traffic speed-limit sign located on a nearby off-ramp of the highway is detected (e.g., in an image captured by the vehicle) . In such an example, the vehicle is driving on the highway (and intends to continue to drive on the highway) , in which case the vehicle should adhere to the speed-limit of the highway, and not the speed-limit of the detected speed-limit sign on the off-ramp. This is an example of a false positive case for traffic speed-limit sign detection. For example, although the detected traffic speed-limit sign is located nearby the vehicle, the vehicle should ignore the traffic speed-limit sign.
[0043] There can be other cases where the vehicle is driving on the highway, but should adhere to the speed-limit on a detected speed-limit sign located on an off-ramp. An example of one of these cases is when a vehicle is driving on a highway, but intends to exit the highway onto the off-ramp. In such an example, since the vehicle intends to exit onto the off-ramp, the vehicle should adhere to the speed-limit of the detected speed-limit sign on the off-ramp. This is an example of a false negative case for traffic speed-limit sign detection. For instance, although the detected traffic speed-limit sign is located off of the highway on which the vehicle is currently traveling, the vehicle should adhere to the detected traffic speed-limit sign.
[0044] The vision-based solutions noted above are generally unable to accurately determine whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign, such as a detected traffic speed-limit sign located on an off-ramp of a highway. As such, improved systems and techniques that allow for a more accurate determination of whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign can be beneficial.
[0045] In one or more aspects, systems, apparatuses, processes (also referred to as methods) , and computer-readable media (collectively referred to herein as “systems and techniques” ) are described herein for reducing speed limit sign function false positives.
[0046] Various aspects relate generally to driving assistance. Some aspects more specifically relate to systems and techniques that provide solutions that allow for a more accurate determination of whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to (e.g., follow) or ignore (e.g., not follow) a detected traffic speed-limit sign. In one or more examples, the systems and techniques employ the usage of high definition maps (e.g., navigation maps) , vehicle turn signal indications, and / or a location of a vehicle on a highway along with vision-based methods to determine whether a vehicle should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign.
[0047] In one or more aspects, during operation of the systems and techniques for traffic sign detection, a processor can determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the processor can determine supplementary information based on the one or more images, where the supplementary information includes the position of the traffic sign. In one or more examples, the supplementary information can further include a directional arrow (or other visual indication) indicating a direction of a road (e.g., an off-ramp) associated with the traffic sign. The processor can determine (e.g., based on a high definition map, based on analyzing the one or more images, etc. ) a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. In one or more examples, the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is a road edge (e.g., a highway, such as a right-hand lane of a highway) or a ramp (e.g., an off-ramp) .
[0048] The processor can associate ramp information with the traffic sign (e.g., the ramp information can indicate the traffic sign is associated with a ramp) based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold. In one or more examples, the processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold. In some examples, the processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information being less than a speed-limit threshold.
[0049] The processor can determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign. For example, the processor can determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle and / or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane. The processor can determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0050] In one or more examples, the processor can determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment. In some examples, the processor can convert the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle. In one or more examples, the coordinates of the position of the road segment can be in a global coordinate system. In some examples, the processor can determine the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle. In one or more examples, the processor can determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp, a coordinate of a point located at an entrance of the ramp.
[0051] In one or more aspects, during operation of the systems and techniques for traffic sign detection, a processor can determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the processor can determine supplementary information based on the one or more images, where the supplementary information includes the position of the traffic sign. In one or more examples, the supplementary information can further include a directional arrow (or other visual indication) indicating a direction of a road (e.g., an off-ramp) associated with the traffic sign. The processor can determine (e.g., based on a high definition map) a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. The processor can determine, based on the type of the road being a road edge and based on a distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow. In some aspects, the computing device (or component thereof) can ignore (e.g., disregard) the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign based on determining the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0052] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In one or more examples, the systems and techniques provide a benefit of enhancing driving safety by providing solutions that allow for a more accurate determination of whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to (e.g., follow) or ignore (e.g., not follow) a detected traffic speed-limit sign.
[0053] Additional aspects of the present disclosure are described in more detail below.
[0054] The systems and techniques described herein may be implemented by any type of system or device. One illustrative example of a system that can be used to implement the systems and techniques described herein is a vehicle (e.g., an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle) or a system or component (e.g., an ADAS or other system or component) of the vehicle. FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an example vehicle 100 that may implement the systems and techniques described herein. With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a vehicle 100 may include a control unit 140 and a plurality of sensors 102-138, including satellite geopositioning system receivers (e.g., sensors) 108, occupancy sensors 112, 116, 118, 126, 128, tire pressure sensors 114, 120, cameras 122, 136, microphones 124, 134, impact sensors 130, radar 132, and LIDAR 138. The plurality of sensors 102-138, disposed in or on the vehicle, may be used for various purposes, such as autonomous and semi-autonomous navigation and control, crash avoidance, position determination, etc., as well to provide sensor data regarding objects and people in or on the vehicle 100. The sensors 102-138 may include one or more of a wide variety of sensors capable of detecting a variety of information useful for navigation and collision avoidance. Each of the sensors 102-138 may be in wired or wireless communication with a control unit 140, as well as with each other. In particular, the sensors may include one or more cameras 122, 136 or other optical sensors or photo optic sensors. The sensors may further include other types of object detection and ranging sensors, such as radar 132, LIDAR 138, IR sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. The sensors may further include tire pressure sensors 114, 120, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, satellite geopositioning sensors 108, accelerometers, vibration sensors, gyroscopes, gravimeters, impact sensors 130, force meters, stress meters, strain sensors, fluid sensors, chemical sensors, gas content analyzers, pH sensors, radiation sensors, Geiger counters, neutron detectors, biological material sensors, microphones 124, 134, occupancy sensors 112, 116, 118, 126, 128, proximity sensors, and other sensors.
[0055] The vehicle control unit 140 may be configured with processor-executable instructions to perform various embodiments using information received from various sensors, particularly the cameras 122, 136, radar 132, and LIDAR 138. In some embodiments, the control unit 140 may supplement the processing of camera images using distance and relative position information (e.g., relative bearing angle) that may be obtained from radar 132 and / or LIDAR 138 sensors. The control unit 140 may further be configured to control steering, breaking and speed of the vehicle 100 when operating in an autonomous or semi-autonomous mode using information regarding other vehicles determined using various embodiments.
[0056] FIG. 1C is a component block diagram illustrating a system 150 of components and support systems suitable for implementing various embodiments. With reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C, a vehicle 100 may include a control unit 140, which may include various circuits and devices used to control the operation of the vehicle 100. In the example illustrated in FIG. 1C, the control unit 140 includes a processor 164, memory 166, an input module 168, an output module 170 and a radio module 172. The control unit 140 may be coupled to and configured to control drive control components 154, navigation components 156, and one or more sensors 158 of the vehicle 100.
[0057] The control unit 140 may include a processor 164 that may be configured with processor-executable instructions to control maneuvering, navigation, and / or other operations of the vehicle 100, including operations of various embodiments. The processor 164 may be coupled to the memory 166. The control unit 140 may include the input module 168, the output module 170, and the radio module 172.
[0058] The radio module 172 may be configured for wireless communication. The radio module 172 may exchange signals 182 (e.g., command signals for controlling maneuvering, signals from navigation facilities, etc. ) with a network node 180, and may provide the signals 182 to the processor 164 and / or the navigation components 156. In some embodiments, the radio module 172 may enable the vehicle 100 to communicate with a wireless communication device 190 through a wireless communication link 92. The wireless communication link 92 may be a bidirectional or unidirectional communication link and may use one or more communication protocols.
[0059] The input module 168 may receive sensor data from one or more vehicle sensors 158 as well as electronic signals from other components, including the drive control components 154 and the navigation components 156. The output module 170 may be used to communicate with or activate various components of the vehicle 100, including the drive control components 154, the navigation components 156, and the sensor (s) 158.
[0060] The control unit 140 may be coupled to the drive control components 154 to control physical elements of the vehicle 100 related to maneuvering and navigation of the vehicle, such as the engine, motors, throttles, steering elements, other control elements, braking or deceleration elements, and the like. The drive control components 154 may also include components that control other devices of the vehicle, including environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning and heating) , external and / or interior lighting, interior and / or exterior informational displays (which may include a display screen or other devices to display information) , safety devices (e.g., haptic devices, audible alarms, etc. ) , and other similar devices.
[0061] The control unit 140 may be coupled to the navigation components 156 and may receive data from the navigation components 156. The control unit 140 may be configured to use such data to determine the present position and orientation of the vehicle 100, as well as an appropriate course toward a destination. In various embodiments, the navigation components 156 may include or be coupled to a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver system (e.g., one or more Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers) enabling the vehicle 100 to determine its current position using GNSS signals. Alternatively, or in addition, the navigation components 156 may include radio navigation receivers for receiving navigation beacons or other signals from radio nodes, such as Wi-Fi access points, cellular network sites, radio station, remote computing devices, other vehicles, etc. Through control of the drive control components 154, the processor 164 may control the vehicle 100 to navigate and maneuver. The processor 164 and / or the navigation components 156 may be configured to communicate with a server 184 on a network 186 (e.g., the Internet) using wireless signals 182 exchanged over a cellular data network via network node 180 to receive commands to control maneuvering, receive data useful in navigation, provide real-time position reports, and assess other data.
[0062] The control unit 140 may be coupled to one or more sensors 158. The sensor (s) 158 may include the sensors 102-138 as described, and may the configured to provide a variety of data to the processor 164.
[0063] While the control unit 140 is described as including separate components, in some embodiments some or all of the components (e.g., the processor 164, the memory 166, the input module 168, the output module 170, and the radio module 172) may be integrated in a single device or module, such as a system-on-chip (SOC) processing device. Such an SOC processing device may be configured for use in vehicles and be configured, such as with processor-executable instructions executing in the processor 164, to perform operations of various embodiments when installed into a vehicle.
[0064] FIG. 1D illustrates an example implementation of a system-on-a-chip (SOC) 105, which may include a central processing unit (CPU) 110 or a multi-core CPU, configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. In some cases, the SOC 105 may be based on an ARM instruction set. In some cases, CPU 110 may be similar to processor 164. Parameters or variables (e.g., neural signals and synaptic weights) , system parameters associated with a computational device (e.g., neural network with weights) , delays, frequency bin information, task information, among other information may be stored in a memory block associated with a neural processing unit (NPU) 125, in a memory block associated with a CPU 110, in a memory block associated with a graphics processing unit (GPU) 115, in a memory block associated with a digital signal processor (DSP) 106, in a memory block 185, and / or may be distributed across multiple blocks. Instructions executed at the CPU 110 may be loaded from a program memory associated with the CPU 110 or may be loaded from a memory block 185.
[0065] The SOC 105 may also include additional processing blocks tailored to specific functions, such as a GPU 115, a DSP 106, a connectivity block 135, which may include fifth generation (5G) connectivity, fourth generation long term evolution (4G LTE) connectivity, Wi-Fi connectivity, USB connectivity, Bluetooth connectivity, and the like, and a multimedia processor 145 that may, for example, detect and recognize gestures. In one implementation, the NPU is implemented in the CPU 110, DSP 106, and / or GPU 115. The SOC 105 may also include a sensor processor 155, image signal processors (ISPs) 175, and / or navigation module 195, which may include a global positioning system. In some cases, the navigation module 195 may be similar to navigation components 156 and sensor processor 155 may accept input from, for example, one or more sensors 158. In some cases, the connectivity block 135 may be similar to the radio module 172.
[0066] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an architecture of an image capture and processing system 200. The image capture and processing system 200 includes various components that are used to capture and process images of scenes (e.g., an image of a scene 210) . The image capture and processing system 200 can capture standalone images (or photographs) and / or can capture videos that include multiple images (or video frames) in a particular sequence. A lens 215 of the system 200 faces a scene 210 and receives light from the scene 210. The lens 215 bends the light toward the image sensor 230. The light received by the lens 215 passes through an aperture controlled by one or more control mechanisms 220 and is received by an image sensor 230.
[0067] The one or more control mechanisms 220 may control exposure, focus, and / or zoom based on information from the image sensor 230 and / or based on information from the image processor 250. The one or more control mechanisms 220 may include multiple mechanisms and components; for instance, the control mechanisms 220 may include one or more exposure control mechanisms 225A, one or more focus control mechanisms 225B, and / or one or more zoom control mechanisms 225C. The one or more control mechanisms 220 may also include additional control mechanisms besides those that are illustrated, such as control mechanisms controlling analog gain, flash, HDR, depth of field, and / or other image capture properties.
[0068] The focus control mechanism 225B of the control mechanisms 220 can obtain a focus setting. In some examples, focus control mechanism 225B store the focus setting in a memory register. Based on the focus setting, the focus control mechanism 225B can adjust the position of the lens 215 relative to the position of the image sensor 230. For example, based on the focus setting, the focus control mechanism 225B can move the lens 215 closer to the image sensor 230 or farther from the image sensor 230 by actuating a motor or servo, thereby adjusting focus. In some cases, additional lenses may be included in the system 200, such as one or more microlenses over each photodiode of the image sensor 230, which each bend the light received from the lens 215 toward the corresponding photodiode before the light reaches the photodiode. The focus setting may be determined via contrast detection autofocus (CDAF) , phase detection autofocus (PDAF) , or some combination thereof. The focus setting may be determined using the control mechanism 220, the image sensor 230, and / or the image processor 250. The focus setting may be referred to as an image capture setting and / or an image processing setting.
[0069] The exposure control mechanism 225A of the control mechanisms 220 can obtain an exposure setting. In some cases, the exposure control mechanism 225A stores the exposure setting in a memory register. Based on this exposure setting, the exposure control mechanism 225A can control a size of the aperture (e.g., aperture size or f / stop) , a duration of time for which the aperture is open (e.g., exposure time or shutter speed) , a sensitivity of the image sensor 230 (e.g., ISO speed or film speed) , analog gain applied by the image sensor 230, or any combination thereof. The exposure setting may be referred to as an image capture setting and / or an image processing setting.
[0070] The zoom control mechanism 225C of the control mechanisms 220 can obtain a zoom setting. In some examples, the zoom control mechanism 225C stores the zoom setting in a memory register. Based on the zoom setting, the zoom control mechanism 225C can control a focal length of an assembly of lens elements (lens assembly) that includes the lens 215 and one or more additional lenses. For example, the zoom control mechanism 225C can control the focal length of the lens assembly by actuating one or more motors or servos to move one or more of the lenses relative to one another. The zoom setting may be referred to as an image capture setting and / or an image processing setting. In some examples, the lens assembly may include a parfocal zoom lens or a varifocal zoom lens. In some examples, the lens assembly may include a focusing lens (which can be lens 215 in some cases) that receives the light from the scene 210 first, with the light then passing through an afocal zoom system between the focusing lens (e.g., lens 215) and the image sensor 230 before the light reaches the image sensor 230. The afocal zoom system may, in some cases, include two positive (e.g., converging, convex) lenses of equal or similar focal length (e.g., within a threshold difference) with a negative (e.g., diverging, concave) lens between them. In some cases, the zoom control mechanism 225C moves one or more of the lenses in the afocal zoom system, such as the negative lens and one or both of the positive lenses.
[0071] The image sensor 230 includes one or more arrays of photodiodes or other photosensitive elements. Each photodiode measures an amount of light that eventually corresponds to a particular pixel in the image produced by the image sensor 230. In some cases, different photodiodes may be covered by different color filters, and may thus measure light matching the color of the filter covering the photodiode. For instance, Bayer color filters include red color filters, blue color filters, and green color filters, with each pixel of the image generated based on red light data from at least one photodiode covered in a red color filter, blue light data from at least one photodiode covered in a blue color filter, and green light data from at least one photodiode covered in a green color filter. Other types of color filters may use yellow, magenta, and / or cyan (also referred to as “emerald” ) color filters instead of or in addition to red, blue, and / or green color filters. Some image sensors may lack color filters altogether, and may instead use different photodiodes throughout the pixel array (in some cases vertically stacked) . The different photodiodes throughout the pixel array can have different spectral sensitivity curves, therefore responding to different wavelengths of light. Monochrome image sensors may also lack color filters and therefore lack color depth.
[0072] In some cases, the image sensor 230 may alternately or additionally include opaque and / or reflective masks that block light from reaching certain photodiodes, or portions of certain photodiodes, at certain times and / or from certain angles, which may be used for phase detection autofocus (PDAF) . The image sensor 230 may also include an analog gain amplifier to amplify the analog signals output by the photodiodes and / or an analog to digital converter (ADC) to convert the analog signals output of the photodiodes (and / or amplified by the analog gain amplifier) into digital signals. In some cases, certain components or functions discussed with respect to one or more of the control mechanisms 220 may be included instead or additionally in the image sensor 230. The image sensor 230 may be a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor, an electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) sensor, an active-pixel sensor (APS) , a complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) , an N-type metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS) , a hybrid CCD / CMOS sensor (e.g., sCMOS) , or some other combination thereof.
[0073] The image processor 250 may include one or more processors, such as one or more image signal processors (ISPs) (including ISP 254) , one or more host processors (including host processor 252) , and / or one or more of any other type of processor 1810 discussed with respect to the computing system 1800. The host processor 252 can be a digital signal processor (DSP) and / or other type of processor. In some implementations, the image processor 250 is a single integrated circuit or chip (e.g., referred to as a system-on-chip or SoC) that includes the host processor 252 and the ISP 254. In some cases, the chip can also include one or more input / output ports (e.g., input / output (I / O) ports 256) , central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , broadband modems (e.g., 3G, 4G or LTE, 5G, etc. ) , memory, connectivity components (e.g., BluetoothTM, Global Positioning System (GPS) , etc. ) , any combination thereof, and / or other components. The I / O ports 256 can include any suitable input / output ports or interface according to one or more protocol or specification, such as an Inter-Integrated Circuit 2 (I2C) interface, an Inter-Integrated Circuit 3 (I3C) interface, a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) interface, a serial General Purpose Input / Output (GPIO) interface, a Mobile Industry Processor Interface (MIPI) (such as a MIPI CSI-2 physical (PHY) layer port or interface, an Advanced High-performance Bus (AHB) bus, any combination thereof, and / or other input / output port. In one illustrative example, the host processor 252 can communicate with the image sensor 230 using an I2C port, and the ISP 254 can communicate with the image sensor 230 using an MIPI port.
[0074] The image processor 250 may perform a number of tasks, such as de-mosaicing, color space conversion, image frame downsampling, pixel interpolation, automatic exposure (AE) control, automatic gain control (AGC) , CDAF, PDAF, automatic white balance, merging of image frames to form an HDR image, image recognition, object recognition, feature recognition, receipt of inputs, managing outputs, managing memory, or some combination thereof. The image processor 250 may store image frames and / or processed images in random access memory (RAM) 240 / 1825, read-only memory (ROM) 245 / 1820, a cache 1812, a memory unit (e.g., system memory 1815) , another storage device 1830, or some combination thereof.
[0075] Various input / output (I / O) devices 260 may be connected to the image processor 250. The I / O devices 260 can include a display screen, a keyboard, a keypad, a touchscreen, a trackpad, a touch-sensitive surface, a printer, any other output devices 1835, any other input devices 1845, or some combination thereof. In some cases, a caption may be input into the image processing device 205B through a physical keyboard or keypad of the I / O devices 260, or through a virtual keyboard or keypad of a touchscreen of the I / O devices 260. The I / O 260 may include one or more ports, jacks, or other connectors that enable a wired connection between the system 200 and one or more peripheral devices, over which the system 200 may receive data from the one or more peripheral device and / or transmit data to the one or more peripheral devices. The I / O 260 may include one or more wireless transceivers that enable a wireless connection between the system 200 and one or more peripheral devices, over which the system 200 may receive data from the one or more peripheral device and / or transmit data to the one or more peripheral devices. The peripheral devices may include any of the previously-discussed types of I / O devices 260 and may themselves be considered I / O devices 260 once they are coupled to the ports, jacks, wireless transceivers, or other wired and / or wireless connectors.
[0076] In some cases, the image capture and processing system 200 may be a single device. In some cases, the image capture and processing system 200 may be two or more separate devices, including an image capture device 205A (e.g., a camera) and an image processing device 205B (e.g., a computing device coupled to the camera) . In some implementations, the image capture device 205A and the image processing device 205B may be coupled together, for example via one or more wires, cables, or other electrical connectors, and / or wirelessly via one or more wireless transceivers. In some implementations, the image capture device 205A and the image processing device 205B may be disconnected from one another.
[0077] As shown in FIG. 2, a vertical dashed line divides the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2 into two portions that represent the image capture device 205A and the image processing device 205B, respectively. The image capture device 205A includes the lens 215, control mechanisms 220, and the image sensor 230. The image processing device 205B includes the image processor 250 (including the ISP 254 and the host processor 252) , the RAM 240, the ROM 245, and the I / O 260. In some cases, certain components illustrated in the image capture device 205A, such as the ISP 254 and / or the host processor 252, may be included in the image capture device 205A.
[0078] The image capture and processing system 200 can include an electronic device, such as a mobile or stationary telephone handset (e.g., smartphone, cellular telephone, or the like) , a desktop computer, a laptop or notebook computer, a tablet computer, a set-top box, a television, a camera, a display device, a digital media player, a video gaming console, a video streaming device, an Internet Protocol (IP) camera, or any other suitable electronic device. In some examples, the image capture and processing system 200 can include one or more wireless transceivers for wireless communications, such as cellular network communications, 802.11 wi-fi communications, wireless local area network (WLAN) communications, or some combination thereof. In some implementations, the image capture device 205A and the image processing device 205B can be different devices. For instance, the image capture device 205A can include a camera device and the image processing device 205B can include a computing device, such as a mobile handset, a desktop computer, or other computing device.
[0079] While the image capture and processing system 200 is shown to include certain components, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that the image capture and processing system 200 can include more components than those shown in FIG. 2. The components of the image capture and processing system 200 can include software, hardware, or one or more combinations of software and hardware. For example, in some implementations, the components of the image capture and processing system 200 can include and / or can be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which can include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, GPUs, DSPs, CPUs, and / or other suitable electronic circuits) , and / or can include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof, to perform the various operations described herein. The software and / or firmware can include one or more instructions stored on a computer-readable storage medium and executable by one or more processors of the electronic device implementing the image capture and processing system 200.
[0080] The host processor 252 can configure the image sensor 230 with new parameter settings (e.g., via an external control interface such as I2C, I3C, SPI, GPIO, and / or other interface) . In one illustrative example, the host processor 252 can update exposure settings used by the image sensor 230 based on internal processing results of an exposure control algorithm from past image frames. The host processor 252 can also dynamically configure the parameter settings of the internal pipelines or modules of the ISP 254 to match the settings of one or more input image frames from the image sensor 230 so that the image data is correctly processed by the ISP 254. Processing (or pipeline) blocks or modules of the ISP 254 can include modules for lens (or sensor) noise correction, de-mosaicing, color conversion, correction or enhancement / suppression of image attributes, denoising filters, sharpening filters, among others. Each module of the ISP 254 may include a large number of tunable parameter settings. Additionally, modules may be co-dependent as different modules may affect similar aspects of an image. For example, denoising and texture correction or enhancement may both affect high frequency aspects of an image. As a result, a large number of parameters are used by an ISP to generate a final image from a captured raw image.
[0081] In some cases, the image sensor 230 can support dynamic switching between different operational modes that the image sensor 230 supports. Examples of the different operation modes include power off mode, software standby mode, stream on and off mode, among others. For instance, in stream operation mode, the image sensor is fully powered. With the stream operation on, the image sensor starts streaming image data (e.g., on the CSI-2 PHY layer port or interface) . With the stream operation off, the image sensor stops streaming image data. In some cases, the host processor 252 can perform a dynamic parameter reconfiguration process that allows the image sensor 230 to support dynamic switching between the different operational modes without going through stream on and off and / or software standby procedures. Dynamic parameter reconfiguration refers to a process performed by the host processor 252 (e.g., an AP or other processor) to configure and update sensor internal register settings on-the-fly (e.g., as the operational modes change) without powering off the image sensor 230 and then powering on or putting the image sensor 230 into a software standby mode. Software standby mode refers to an operational mode of the image sensor 230 where the image sensor 230 is powered on and the camera control interface (CCI) communication is operational, but the image sensor 230 cannot capture and stream image data (e.g., on the CSI bus) .
[0082] Such dynamic switching can reduce latency of mode switching processing and can improve user experience. Examples of the image sensor 230 dynamically switching between different operational modes include switching between turning high dynamic range (HDR) on and off, switching between a different number of exposures, switching between turning binning on and off (e.g., generating a 12 megapixel (MP) image using a 2x2 Quad Color Filter Array (QCFA) when binning is on and generating a 48 MP image by remosaicing the QCFA to a Bayer color filter array (CFA) when binning is off) , among others.
[0083] Switching between operational modes (referred to as mode-switching scenarios) is different than changing image capture settings (referred to as non-mode-switching scenarios) . For example, modifying image capture settings (e.g., exposure, focus, etc. ) can result in a modification of how an image is captured and / or processed by the image sensor 230 and / or the ISP 254 (e.g., resulting in a brighter image, an image with a particular object in focus, etc. ) . However, if a setting of the image sensor 230 is incorrect or the image sensor 230 and / or ISP 254 are late in applying a setting in a non-mode-switching scenario, the result will be that a captured image is captured and / or processed with slight loss of quality in the processed image (e.g., without the intended settings, such as the image being slightly darker than intended, with an object slightly more out of focus than intended, etc. ) . However, when switching between operational modes in a mode-switching scenario (e.g., from HDR off to HDR on) , applying the incorrect settings can result in a system failure, such as system hang or freeze, which can require a hardware reset of the ISP 254 and / or other components of the image capture and processing system 200. For instance, if the ISP 254 is unaware of the correct settings of an image frame produced by the image sensor 230 and mistakenly applies erroneous settings or parameters on that image frame for internal pipeline processing, the ISP 254 may freeze and require a hardware reset. As a result, instead of outputting an image frame with reduced quality, the image capture and processing system 200 may have to temporarily shut down and restart (e.g., the display screen may show a blank screen while the system 200 resets) .
[0084] As previously mentioned, increasingly, systems and devices (e.g., autonomous vehicles, such as autonomous and semi-autonomous cars, drones, mobile robots, mobile devices, XR devices, and other suitable systems or devices) include multiple sensors to gather information about the environment, as well as processing systems to process the information gathered (e.g., such as for route planning, navigation, collision avoidance, etc. ) . One example of such a system is an ADAS for a vehicle. Sensor data, such as images, captured from one or more image sensors of cameras, can be gathered, transformed, and analyzed for enhancing driving safety.
[0085] HD maps can be used by vehicles (e.g., autonomous and / or semi-autonomous vehicles) for various purposes, including navigation, scene understanding, etc. An For instance, an HD map encodes prior knowledge of scenes (e.g., environment) that a vehicle may encounter. An HD map may be three-dimensional (e.g., including elevation information) . For instance, an HD map may include three-dimensional data (e.g., elevation data) regarding a three-dimensional space, such as a road on which a vehicle is navigating. In some examples, the HD map can include a plurality of map points corresponding to one or more reference locations in the three-dimensional space. In some cases, the HD map can include dimensional information for objects in the three-dimensional space and other semantic information associated with the three-dimensional space. For instance, the information from the HD map can include elevation or height information (e.g., road elevation / height) , normal information (e.g., road normal) , and / or other semantic information related to a portion (e.g., the road) of the three-dimensional space in which the vehicle is navigating.
[0086] An HD map may include a high level of detail (e.g., including centimeter level details) . In the context of HD maps, the term “high” typically refers to the level of detail and accuracy of the map data. In some cases, an HD map may have a higher spatial resolution and / or level of detail as compared to a non-HD map. While there is no specific universally accepted quantitative threshold to define “high” in HD maps, several factors contribute to the characterization of the quality and level of detail of an HD map. Some key aspects considered in evaluating the “high” quality of an HD map include resolution, geometric accuracy, semantic information, dynamic data, and coverage. With regard to resolution, HD maps generally have a high spatial resolution, meaning they provide detailed information about the environment. The resolution can be measured in terms of meters per pixel or pixels per meter, indicating the level of detail captured in the map. With regard to geometric accuracy, an accurate representation of road geometry, lane boundaries, and other features can be important in an HD map. High-quality HD maps strive for precise alignment and positioning of objects in the real world. Geometric accuracy is often quantified using metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE) or positional accuracy. With regard to semantic information, HD maps include not only geometric data but also semantic information about the environment. This may include lane-level information, traffic signs, traffic signals, road markings, building footprints, and more. The richness and completeness of the semantic information contribute to the level of detail in the map. With regard to dynamic data, some HD maps incorporate real-time or near real-time updates to capture dynamic elements such as traffic flow, road closures, construction zones, and temporary changes. The frequency and accuracy of dynamic updates can affect the quality of the HD map. With regard to coverage, the extent of coverage provided by an HD map is another important factor. Coverage refers to the geographical area covered by the map. An HD map can cover a significant portion of a city, region, or country. In general, an HD map may exhibit a rich level of detail, accurate representation of the environment, and extensive coverage.
[0087] For a vehicle (e.g., an autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle) to utilize HD maps, the vehicle must determine its own position (location) in relation to the HD map. An autonomous vehicle typically utilizes positioning sensors implemented onboard the vehicle to estimate a location of the vehicle. These positioning sensors can include satellite receivers (e.g., for satellite positioning systems) and IMUs.
[0088] Accurate detection of traffic signs, such as the detection of traffic speed-limit signs (also referred to as a speed-limit sign) , is a critical component of driving systems (e.g., autonomous or semi-autonomous driving systems) , enabling safe and efficient navigation of ego vehicles. There are a number of various different speed-limit sign detection methods. One example of a speed-limit sign detection method employs vision-based solutions. Vision-based solutions typically employ one or more cameras on the vehicle that capture one or more images of a speed-limit sign as the vehicle is driving past the sign. One or more processors on the vehicle can process the captured image (s) to determine the speed limit posted on the detected speed-limit sign.
[0089] In some cases, a detected traffic speed-limit sign located nearby a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should be ignored by the vehicle. An example of one of these cases is when a vehicle is driving on a highway and a traffic speed-limit sign located on a nearby off-ramp of the highway is detected, such as in an image captured by the vehicle. In such an example, the vehicle is driving on the highway (and intends to continue to drive on the highway) , in which case the vehicle should adhere to the speed-limit of the highway, and not the speed-limit of the detected speed-limit sign on the off-ramp. This is an example of a false positive case for traffic speed-limit sign detection. For example, although the detected traffic speed-limit sign is located nearby the vehicle, the vehicle should ignore the traffic speed-limit sign.
[0090] There may be other cases where the vehicle is driving on the highway, but should adhere to the speed-limit on a detected speed-limit sign located on an off-ramp. An example of one of these cases is when a vehicle is driving on a highway, but intends to exit the highway onto the off-ramp. In such an example, since the vehicle intends to exit onto the off-ramp, the vehicle should adhere to the speed-limit of the detected speed-limit sign on the off-ramp. This is an example of a false negative case for traffic speed-limit sign detection. For instance, although the detected traffic speed-limit sign is located off of the highway on which the vehicle is currently traveling, the vehicle should adhere to the detected traffic speed-limit sign.
[0091] FIG. 3 shows an example of a vehicle driving near two nearby traffic signs (e.g., in the form of traffic speed-limit signs) . In particular, FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example scenario 300 of a vehicle 310 (e.g., an ego vehicle, such as an autonomous vehicle) driving near traffic signs (e.g., a first traffic sign 320a and a second traffic sign 320b) in the form of traffic speed-limit signs. In FIG. 3, the vehicle 310 is shown to be driving (e.g., in a direction of arrow 350) along a road 330 (e.g., a highway) at a particular speed (e.g., 50 kilometers per hour (kph) ) . The road 330 has a connected ramp 340 (e.g., an off-ramp) . The first traffic sign 320a has speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit) of 40 kph and is located near an entrance of the ramp 340 (e.g., where the entrance is located at an intersection of the road 330 and the ramp 340) . The second traffic sign 320b has speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit) of 80 kph and is located near the right side of the road 330. In this example scenario 300, the vehicle 310 will need to accurately determine (e.g., for driving safety) which of the two traffic signs (e.g., the first traffic sign 320a or the second traffic sign 320b) to adhere to (e.g., follow the posted speed limit) or to ignore (e.g., not follow the posted speed limit) .
[0092] The vision-based solutions noted above are generally unable to accurately determine whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign, such as a detected traffic speed-limit sign located on an off-ramp of a highway. Therefore, improved systems and techniques that allow for a more accurate determination of whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign can be useful.
[0093] In one or more aspects, the systems and techniques provide solutions for reducing speed limit sign function false positives. Various aspects relate generally to driving assistance. Some aspects more specifically relate to systems and techniques that provide solutions that allow for a more accurate determination of whether a vehicle (e.g., an ego vehicle) should adhere to (e.g., follow) or ignore (e.g., not follow) a detected traffic speed-limit sign. In one or more examples, the systems and techniques utilize high definition maps (e.g. navigation maps) , vehicle turn signal indications, and / or a location of a vehicle on a highway along with vision- based methods to determine whether a vehicle should adhere to or ignore a detected traffic speed-limit sign.
[0094] In one or more aspects, during operation of the systems and techniques for traffic sign detection (e.g., similar to process 400 of FIG. 4) , an image sensor (e.g., cameras 122, 136 of FIGS. 1B, sensors 158 of FIG. 1C, sensors 155 of FIG. 1D, and / or image sensor 203 of FIG. 2) can obtain (e.g., capture) one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) . A processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can determine (e.g., as in block 420 of FIG. 4) , based on the one or more images of the scene including the traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) , speed-limit information (e.g., a speed limit, such as 60 kph) associated with the traffic sign and supplementary information including a position of the traffic sign. In one or more examples, the supplementary information can further include a directional arrow indicating a direction of a road (e.g., an off-ramp) associated with the traffic sign. The processor can determine (e.g., as in block 430 of FIG. 4) , based on a HD map, a position of a road segment (e.g., road segment 945c of FIG. 9) of a road on which a vehicle (e.g., vehicle 1110 of FIG. 11) is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. In one or more examples, the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is a road edge (e.g., a highway, such as a right-hand lane of a highway) or a ramp (e.g., an off-ramp) .
[0095] The processor can associate (e.g., as in block 450 of FIG. 4) ramp information with the traffic sign (e.g., the ramp information can indicate the traffic sign is associated with a ramp) based on a lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) and the position of the road segment (e.g., located on right edge of the ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) being less than a lateral distance threshold. In one or more examples, the processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign and a point (e.g., point 1161 of FIG. 11) located at an entrance of the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) being less than a longitudinal distance threshold. In some examples, the processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information (e.g., speed limit on the traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11, such as 60 kph) being less than a speed-limit threshold (e.g., 70 kph) .
[0096] The processor can determine (e.g., as in decision blocks 470, 480 of FIG. 4) the vehicle (e.g., vehicle 1110 of FIG. 11) intends to enter the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) associated with the traffic sign, based on navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle and / or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane (e.g., right-hand lane of the road 1130 of FIG. 11, such as a highway) . The processor can determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information (e.g., the speed limit, such as 60 kph) associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0097] In one or more examples, the processor can issue a warning (e.g., display a visual alert on a display within the vehicle and / or sound an audible alert using speakers in the vehicle) to the driver of the vehicle, based on the processor determining that a speed the vehicle is traveling is higher than a speed limit threshold, which may be a speed limit of the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign (e.g., 60 kph) plus a delta speed limit value (e.g., 10 kph) .
[0098] In one or more examples, the processor can determine (e.g., as in block 440 of FIG. 4) , based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge (e.g., a highway) , coordinates for the position of the road segment. In some examples, the processor can convert the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle. In one or more examples, the coordinates of the position of the road segment can be in a global coordinate system. In some examples, the processor can determine the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle. In one or more examples, the processor can determine (e.g., as in block 440 of FIG. 4) , based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp (e.g., an off-ramp) , a coordinate of a point (e.g., point 1161 of FIG. 11) located at an entrance of the ramp.
[0099] In one or more aspects, during operation of the systems and techniques for traffic sign detection, a processor can determine (e.g., as in the process 800 of FIG. 8) , based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 920 of FIG. 9) , speed-limit information (e.g., a speed limit, such as 60 kph) associated with the traffic sign and supplementary information including a position of the traffic sign. The processor can determine, based on a HD map, a position of a road segment (e.g., road segment 945c of FIG. 9) of a road on which a vehicle (e.g., vehicle 910 of FIG. 9) is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. The processor can determine, based on the type of the road being a road edge (e.g., a highway) and based on a distance (e.g., lateral distance 950 of FIG. 9) between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0100] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process 400 for reducing speed limit sign function false positives. In FIG. 4, during operation of the process 400, at block 410, the process 400 starts. At block 420, a processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can detect a traffic sign (e.g., a traffic speed-limit sign) from computer vision (e.g., based on one or more images of a scene including the traffic sign) . At block 420) , the processor can further determine, based on the one or more images, speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit) associated with the detected traffic sign and supplementary information including a position of the traffic sign.
[0101] At block 430, the processor can determine, based on an HD map, a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road (e.g., a road edge, such as a highway, or a ramp, such as an off-ramp) the vehicle is traveling. In one or more examples, details of the determination performed at block 430 are shown in the process 500 of FIG. 5.
[0102] At block 440, if the processor determines that the road type that the vehicle is traveling is a road edge (e.g., a highway) , the processor can determine a position (e.g., coordinates for the position) of the road segment (e.g., road segment 945c of FIG. 9) of the road. At block 440, if the processor determines that the road type that the vehicle is traveling is a ramp (e.g., an off-ramp) , the processor can determine a position (e.g., coordinates for the position) of a point (e.g., point 1161 of FIG. 11) located at an entrance of the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140) .
[0103] At block 450, the processor can determine whether to filter out the speed-limit information (e.g., determine whether to not follow the speed limit) based on a location of the road segment (e.g., road segment 945c of FIG. 9) . In one or more examples, details of this filter out determination are shown in the process 800 of FIG. 8.
[0104] At block 450, the process can also associate ramp information with the traffic sign (e.g., the ramp information can indicate the traffic sign is associated with a ramp) based on a lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) and the position of the road segment (e.g., located on right edge of the ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) being less than a lateral distance threshold. The processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign and a point (e.g., point 1161 of FIG. 11) located at an entrance of the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) being less than a longitudinal distance threshold. The processor can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information (e.g., speed limit on the traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11, such as 60 kph) being less than a speed-limit threshold (e.g., 70 kph) . In some examples, details of this association of the ramp information are shown in the process 1000 of FIG. 10.
[0105] At decision block 460, the processor can determine whether the speed limit sign is associated with a ramp based on whether the processor associated (e.g., a block 450) the ramp information with the traffic sign.
[0106] If the processor determines that the speed limit sign is associated with a ramp, at decision block 470, the processor can determine whether the vehicle (e.g., a driver of the vehicle) intends to enter into the ramp. The processor can determine the vehicle (e.g., vehicle 1110 of FIG. 11) intends to enter the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) associated with the traffic sign, based on navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle and / or based on a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane (e.g., right-hand lane of the road 1130 of FIG. 11, such as a highway) . In one or more examples, details of this determination of whether the vehicle intends to enter the ramp are shown in the process 700 of FIG. 7.
[0107] If the processor determines that the vehicle intends to enter the ramp, at block 490, the processor can output the sign (e.g., the processor can determine that the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow) . However, if the processor determines that the vehicle does not intend to enter the ramp, at block 495, the process 400 ends.
[0108] If the processor determines that the speed limit sign is not associated with a ramp, at decision block 480, the processor can determine whether the vehicle (e.g., a driver of the vehicle) intends to enter into the ramp. The processor can determine the vehicle (e.g., vehicle 1110 of FIG. 11) intends to enter the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) associated with the traffic sign, based on navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle and / or based on a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane (e.g., right-hand lane of the road 1130 of FIG. 11, such as a highway) . In one or more examples, details of this determination of whether the vehicle intends to enter the ramp are shown in the process 700 of FIG. 7.
[0109] If the processor determines that the vehicle does not intend to enter the ramp, at block 490, the processor can output the sign (e.g., the processor can determine that the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow) . However, if the processor determines that the vehicle does intend to enter the ramp, at block 495, the process 400 ends.
[0110] In one or more aspects, by using road segment information (e.g., obtained by an HD map) of the road the vehicle is traveling, a speed limit sign in a non-interested area (e.g., not nearby the road the vehicle is traveling) can be filtered out. By using the position of the ramp (e.g., obtained by an HD map) , ramp information can be associated with (e.g., added to) a speed limit sign located nearby an entrance of the ramp.
[0111] In one or more examples, coordinates of the position of the vehicle (e.g., x, y, yaw angle) can be obtained based on localization (e.g., using GPS and / or sensor data, such as radar sensor data, obtained by the vehicle) . The position of the entrance of the ramp can be obtained from an HD map. If the coordinate system of the HD map is not in the vehicle's coordinate system, the coordinates of the position of the vehicle can be converted into the vehicle coordinate system, based on the localization information.
[0112] In some examples, if the speed limit sign is located more than a lateral distance threshold (e.g., 1 m) outside of a road segment (X-axis, lateral distance) of a side of a road the vehicle is traveling, which is recognized by an HD map, the speed limit information of the traffic speed-limit sign can be directly filtered out. An example calculation process for this determination can involve linearly fitting the road segments (x1, y1, x2, y2... ) of the road, calculating the corresponding y value for the position of the speed limit sign, and then calculating the difference in the y direction of the speed limit sign.
[0113] In one or more examples, when the longitudinal distance between a traffic speed-limit sign and an entrance of a ramp is less than a longitudinal distance threshold (e.g., 50 m) , the speed limit (e.g., recognized by computer vision) of the traffic speed-limit sign is less than a speed limit threshold (e.g., 80 kph) , and the lateral distance between the speed limit sign and the road segment of the side of the road (e.g., rightmost lane) , for example obtained by an HD map to be x1, y1, x2, y2..., is less than a lateral distance threshold (e.g., 2 m) , the information of the speed limit of the traffic speed-limit sign will be set as a "ramp speed limit" .
[0114] In some examples, by using navigation information and turn signal activation within the vehicle, a processor can determine a driver's intention to enter a ramp and can input the "ramp speed limit" information into the system (e.g., ADAS system) .
[0115] FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process 500 for obtaining coordinates of a position of a road segment of a road (e.g., a road boundary or edge, such as a highway lane boundary) the vehicle is traveling. During operation of the process 500 of FIG. 5, at block 510, the process 500 starts. At decision block 520, a processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can obtain (e.g., from an HD map) coordinates (x1, y1, x2, y2... ) of a position of a road segment of an side (e.g., road barrier) of a road (e.g., road edge, such as a highway) the vehicle is traveling. At decision block 520, the processor can then determine whether the coordinates are in a vehicle coordinate system. If the processor determines that the coordinates are in the vehicle coordinate system, at block 530, the processor can directly obtain the coordinates (in the vehicle coordinate system) from the HD map.
[0116] However, if the processor determines that the coordinates are not in the vehicle coordinate system (e.g., are in a global coordinate system) , at block 540, the processor can obtain the coordinates from the HD map. At block 550, the processor can obtain a pose (x, y, yaw) of the vehicle based on performing localization (e.g., using GPS and / or sensor data, such as radar sensor data and / or image sensor data, obtained by the vehicle) . At block 560, the processor can then convert the coordinates (e.g., in a global coordinate system) to the vehicle coordinate system based on (e.g., by using) the pose of the vehicle.
[0117] At block 570, the processor can then determine positions (e.g., x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, and so on) of the road segment points between a distance range (e.g., from -40 m to 0 m) . At block 580, the process ends.
[0118] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a graphical example 600 of converting coordinates (e.g., in a global coordinate system) of a position of a road segment (e.g., of a road, such as a road edge, the vehicle is traveling) to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of a vehicle 630 (e.g., an ego vehicle) . In FIG. 6, a graph 610 is shown to represent the vehicle coordinate system, and a graph 620 is shown to represent the global coordinate system. In graph 610, the vehicle 630 is shown to be located at the origin (x0, y0) of the graph 610.
[0119] In one or more examples, a position (e.g., of a road segment) in global coordinates (x, y) can be converted to vehicle coordinates (x’ , y’ ) based on the vehicle pose (x0, y0, yaw) , which may be obtained from localization (e.g., using GPS and / or sensor data, such as radar sensor data and / or image sensor data, obtained by the vehicle) . In one or more examples, the position road segment (x’ , y’ ) in vehicle coordinates can be converted to a map position (x, y) in global coordinates by using the following formula:
[0120] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process 700 for determining vehicle intent. In FIG. 7, during operation of the process 700 of FIG. 7, at block 710, the process 700 starts. At decision block 720, a processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can determine whether the vehicle (e.g., driver of the vehicle) is using a navigation system.
[0121] If the processor determines that the vehicle (e.g., driver of the vehicle) is using a navigation system, at block 730, the processor can determine whether the vehicle will transit to (e.g., enter) a ramp less than a threshold distance (e.g., 800 m or other distance) . However, if the processor determines that the vehicle (e.g., driver of the vehicle) is not using a navigation system, at block 740, the processor can determine whether the vehicle is located within the right-hand lane of the road on which the vehicle is traveling and whether the right-turn indicator on the vehicle has been activated.
[0122] At block 750, the processor can determine whether the conditions of block 730 and / or 740 have been fulfilled. If the processor determines that the conditions of block 730 and / or block 740 have not been fulfilled, at block 770, the process 700 ends.
[0123] However, if the processor determines that the conditions of block 730 and / or block 740 have been fulfilled, at block 760, the processor can determine that the vehicle intends to enter the ramp. At block 770, the process 700 then ends.
[0124] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process 800 for filtering out speed-limit information (e.g., determining speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) . In FIG. 8, during operation of the process 800 of FIG. 8, at block 810, the process 800 starts. At decision block 820, a processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can obtain the position (x, y) of a detected traffic speed-limit sign (e.g., traffic sign 920 of FIG. 9) , such as by using computer vision, for example based on one or more images of a scene including the traffic speed-limit sign) .
[0125] At decision block 830, the processor can determine whether the traffic speed-limit sign (e.g., traffic sign 920 of FIG. 9) is located at the right side (e.g., right road edge 940 of FIG. 9) of the road on which the vehicle (e.g., vehicle 910 of FIG. 9) is traveling. If the processor determines that the traffic speed-limit sign is not located at the right side (e.g., right road edge 940 of FIG. 9) of the road, at block 870, the process 800 ends.
[0126] However, if the processor determines that the traffic speed-limit sign is located at the right side (e.g., right road edge 940 of FIG. 9) of the road, at block 840, the processor can determine (e.g., calculate) a y position of a road segment (e.g., road segment 945c of FIG. 9) located at the right side (e.g., right road edge 940 of FIG. 9) of the road. For instance, the y position may be of an edge of the road (e.g., a left-side road edge) . In one or more examples, the y position may be calculated by performing linear interpolation of the road segment of the right side of the road.
[0127] At decision block 850, the processor can determine whether a lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 950 of FIG. 9, also referred to as a gap or gap distance) between a y position of the traffic speed-limit sign and the y position of an edge of the road segment (determined at block 840) is greater than a threshold distance (e.g., 2 m) . For instance, the processor can determine that the y position of the sign (or an absolute value of the y position of the sign) is greater than the value of the road edge position y (or an absolute value of the road edge position y) by the threshold distance amount (e.g., expressed as | sign y position | > | road edge Position | ) .
[0128] If the processor determines that the lateral distance is greater than the threshold distance, at block 860, the processor can determine to ignore the traffic speed-limit sign (e.g., determine the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow) . Using 2 m as an illustrative example of the threshold distance, the processor can ignore the speed limit sign if the processor determines that the speed limit sign is more than 2 m outside the road edge (e.g., the lateral distance) . At block 870, the process 800 then ends.
[0129] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of road segments 935a, 935b, 935c, 945a, 945b, 945c of a road 960. In FIG. 9, a vehicle 910 is shown to be driving on the road 960. A left road edge 930 (e.g., left side) of the road 960 is shown to include a plurality of road segments 935a, 935b, 935c. A right road edge 940 (e.g., ride side) of the road 960 is shown to include a plurality of road segments 945a, 945b, 945c. A traffic sign 920 is shown to be located on the right side of the right road edge 940 (e.g., ride side) of the road 960 and closest to the road segment 945c. A lateral distance 950 is shown to be a distance between a location (e.g., a y position) of the traffic sign 920 and a location (e.g., a y position) of the road segment 945c of the right road edge 940 (e.g., ride side) of the road 960.
[0130] FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating an example of a process 1000 for determining whether to associate ramp information with a detected traffic sign (e.g., a speed limit sign) . In FIG. 10, during operation of the process 1000 of FIG. 10, at block 1010, the process 1000 starts. At decision block 1020, a processor (e.g., the processor 164 of FIG. 1C, a processor within the SOC 105 of FIG. 1D, a processor within the image capture and processing system 200 of FIG. 2, and / or a processor 1810 of FIG. 18) can obtain coordinates (x, y) of a position of a traffic speed-limit sign (e.g., based on computer vision) and can obtain coordinates (x1, y1, x2, y2... ) of a position of a road segment of a right road edge (e.g., right side) of a road the vehicle is traveling (e.g., based on HD maps) . The processor can also obtain coordinate (e.g., x1, y1) of a point located at an entrance of a ramp.
[0131] At decision block 1030, the processor can determine whether a longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign and the point (e.g., point 1161 of FIG. 11, such as a point located at coordinate x1, y1) located at the entrance of the ramp (e.g., ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) is less than a longitudinal distance threshold (e.g., 50 m) . Using 50m as an illustrative example of the longitudinal distance threshold, x as the x-coordinate of the traffic sign, and x1 as the point located at the entrance of the ramp, the determination at block 1030 can be denoted as |x-x1| < 50m. If the processor determines that the longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) is not less than the longitudinal distance threshold, at block 1070, the process 1000 ends.
[0132] However, if the processor determines that the longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) is less than the longitudinal distance threshold, at block 1040, the processor can determine a position (xr, yr) of a road segment of the right road edge (e.g., right side) of the road on which the vehicle is traveling. For instance, the processor can perform linear interpolation of the side road edge segment to calculate the y position of the edge. At decision block 1050, the processor can determine whether a lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) and the position of the road segment (e.g., located on right edge of the ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) is less than a lateral distance threshold and in some cases if a speed of the traffic sign (e.g., speed limit sign) is less than a speed threshold (e.g., denoted as 0m <-y- (-yr) < 2m and speed limit sign <= 80kph, where y is the y-coordinate of the traffic sign, yr is the y-coordinate of the road segment, the lateral distance threshold is 2m, and the speed threshold is 80kph) . If the processor determines that the lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) is not less than the lateral distance threshold, at block 1070, the process 1000 ends.
[0133] However, if the processor determines that the lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) is less than the lateral distance threshold (and in some cases that the speed of the traffic sign is less than the speed threshold, such as less than 80kph) , at block 1060, the processor can then associate ramp information with the traffic sign (e.g., the ramp information can indicate the traffic sign is associated with a ramp) . At block 1070, the process 1000 ends.
[0134] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 of a lateral distance 1160 between a position of a detected traffic sign 1120 and a position of a road segment of a road (e.g., in the form of a ramp 1140) and a longitudinal distance 1170 between the position of the detected traffic sign 1120 and a 1160 point located at an entrance of a ramp 1140. In FIG. 3, a vehicle 1110 is shown to be driving along a road 1130 (e.g., a highway) . The road 1130 has a connected ramp 1140 (e.g., an off-ramp) . The road 1130 is separated from the ramp 1140 by an edge 1150.
[0135] The traffic sign 1120 has speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit) of 60 kph and is located near the ramp 1140. A point 1161 is shown to be located at the entrance of the ramp 1140. The lateral distance 1160 is shown to be a distance between the location of the traffic sign 1120 and the location of a road segment, which is located on the right edge of the ramp 1140. The longitudinal distance 1170 is shown to be a distance between the location of the traffic sign 1120 and the location of the point 1161 located at the entrance of a ramp 1140.
[0136] FIGS. 12, 13, 14, and 15 show examples of scenarios where a processor could determine (e.g., using HD maps) to filter out the speed-limit information (e.g., determine speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) . The processor may not be able to make this filtering determination by only using computer vision (e.g., not using HD maps) . In particular, FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a road 1230 separated from a ramp 1240 by a traversable road barrier (e.g., edge 1250) . In FIG. 12, a vehicle 1210 (e.g., an ego vehicle) is shown to be driving along the road 1230 (e.g., a highway) . The road 1230 is separated from the ramp 1240 (e.g., an off-ramp) by the edge 1250, which is traversable by the vehicle 1210. A point 1270 is located at an entrance of the ramp 1240. A traffic sign 1220 is shown to have speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit, for example 60 kph) , and is shown to be located on a right side of the ramp 1240.
[0137] In FIG. 12, the vehicle 1210 is shown to have driven past the point 1270 located at the entrance of the ramp 1240. Since the vehicle 1210 has driven past the point 1270 located at the entrance of the ramp 1240, a processor could determine (e.g., by using HD maps) to filter out the speed-limit information of the traffic sign 1220 (e.g., determine speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) .
[0138] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a road 1330 separated from a ramp 1340 by a non-traversable road barrier (e.g., edge 1350) . In FIG. 13, a vehicle 1310 (e.g., an ego vehicle) is shown to be driving along the road 1330 (e.g., a highway) . The road 1330 is separated from the ramp 1340 (e.g., an off-ramp) by the edge 1350, which is non-traversable by the vehicle 1310. A traffic sign 1320 is shown to have speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit, for example 60 kph) , and is shown to be located on a right side of the ramp 1340.
[0139] In FIG. 13, the vehicle 1310 is shown to be driving on the road 1330 that is separated from the ramp 1340 by the non-traversable road barrier (e.g., the edge 1350) and, as such, the vehicle 1310 is not capable of entering the ramp 1340. Since the vehicle 1310 is not capable of entering the ramp 1340, a processor could determine (e.g., by using HD maps) to filter out the speed-limit information of the traffic sign 1320 (e.g., determine speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) .
[0140] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a traffic sign 1420 located near a ramp 1440, where the traffic sign 1420 does not include supplementary information. In FIG. 14, a vehicle 1410 (e.g., an ego vehicle) is shown to be driving along a road 1430 (e.g., a highway) . The road 1430 is shown to be connected to the ramp 1440 (e.g., an off-ramp) . The traffic sign 1420 is shown to have speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit, for example 60 kph) , and is shown to be located near the ramp 1440. In FIG. 14, since the traffic sign 1420 does not have any supplemental information (e.g., a position of the traffic sign 1420) , a processor could determine (e.g., by using HD maps) to filter out the speed-limit information of the traffic sign 1420 (e.g., determine speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) .
[0141] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a traffic sign 1520 located in between a road 1530 (e.g., a highway) and a ramp 1540 (e.g., an off-ramp) . In FIG. 15, a vehicle 1510 (e.g., an ego vehicle) is shown to be driving along the road 1530 (e.g., a highway) . A longitudinal distance 1550 and a lateral distance 1560 for the vehicle 1510 are shown. The traffic sign 1520 is shown to have speed limit information (e.g., a speed limit, for example 60 kph) , and is shown to be located near the ramp 1540.
[0142] In FIG. 15, the road 1530 is separated by the ramp 1540 by a solid-dashed line such that the vehicle 1510 cannot enter (e.g., cannot cross the solid-dashed line) into the ramp 1540. Since the vehicle 1510 cannot enter (e.g., cannot cross the solid-dashed line) into the ramp 1540, a processor could determine (e.g., by using HD maps) to filter out the speed-limit information of the traffic sign 1520 (e.g., determine speed-limit information associated with a detected traffic sign is not accurate for a vehicle to follow) .
[0143] FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1600 for driving assistance. The process 1600 can be performed by a computing device (e.g., SOC 105 of FIG. 1D and / or a computing device or computing system 1800 of FIG. 18) or by a component or system (e.g., a chipset, one or more processors central processing units (CPUs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , any combination thereof, and / or other type of processor (s) , or other component or system) of the computing device. The operations of the process 1600 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 1810 of FIG. 18 or other processor (s) ) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the computing device in the process 1600 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver (s) ) .
[0144] At block 1610, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine supplementary information based on the one or more images. The supplementary information includes or indicates the position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the supplementary information can further include a directional arrow (or other visual indication) indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0145] At block 1620, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine (e.g., based on a high definition map, based on analyzing the one or more images, etc. ) a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. For instance, the type of the road the vehicle is traveling can be a road edge or a ramp.
[0146] At block 1630, the computing device (or component thereof) can associate ramp information with the traffic sign based on a lateral distance (e.g., lateral distance 1160 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign (e.g., traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11) and the position of the road segment (e.g., located on right edge of the ramp 1140 of FIG. 11) being less than a lateral distance threshold. The ramp information includes an indication (e.g., information, data, etc. ) that the traffic sign is associated with a ramp. In some aspects, the computing device (or component thereof) can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance (e.g., longitudinal distance 1170 of FIG. 11) between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed- limit information (e.g., speed limit on the traffic sign 1120 of FIG. 11, such as 60 kph) being less than a speed-limit threshold (e.g., 70 kph) .
[0147] At block 1640, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign. In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle and / or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane.
[0148] At block 1650, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0149] In some aspects, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment. In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can convert the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle. In some examples, the coordinates of the position of the road segment are in a global coordinate system. In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle. In some aspects, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp, a coordinate of a point located at an entrance of the ramp.
[0150] FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a process 1700 for driving assistance. The process 1700 can be performed by a computing device (e.g., SOC 105 of FIG. 1D and / or a computing device or computing system 1800 of FIG. 18) or by a component or system (e.g., a chipset, one or more processors central processing units (CPUs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , any combination thereof, and / or other type of processor (s) , or other component or system) of the computing device. The operations of the process 1700 may be implemented as software components that are executed and run on one or more processors (e.g., processor 1810 of FIG. 18 or other processor (s) ) . Further, the transmission and reception of signals by the computing device in the process 1700 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceiver (s) ) .
[0151] At block 1710, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on one or more images of a scene including a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine supplementary information based on the one or more images. The supplementary information includes or indicates the position of the traffic sign. In some cases, the supplementary information can further include a directional arrow (or other visual indication) indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0152] At block 1720, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine (e.g., based on a high definition map, based on analyzing the one or more images, etc. ) a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling. For instance, the type of the road the vehicle is traveling can be a road edge or a ramp.
[0153] At block 1730, the computing device (or component thereof) can determine, based on the type of the road being the road edge and based on a distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow. In some aspects, the computing device (or component thereof) can ignore (e.g., disregard) the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign based on determining the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0154] In some cases, the computing device of process 1600 and / or process 1700 may include various components, such as one or more input devices, one or more output devices, one or more processors, one or more microprocessors, one or more microcomputers, one or more cameras, one or more sensors, and / or other component (s) that are configured to carry out the steps of processes described herein. In some examples, the computing device may include a display, one or more network interfaces configured to communicate and / or receive the data, any combination thereof, and / or other component (s) . The one or more network interfaces may be configured to communicate and / or receive wired and / or wireless data, including data according to the 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or other cellular standard, data according to the Wi-Fi (802.11x) standards, data according to the BluetoothTM standard, data according to the Internet Protocol (IP) standard, and / or other types of data.
[0155] The components of the computing device of process 1600 and / or process 1700 can be implemented in circuitry. For example, the components can include and / or can be implemented using electronic circuits or other electronic hardware, which can include one or more programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, graphics processing units (GPUs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , central processing units (CPUs) , and / or other suitable electronic circuits) , and / or can include and / or be implemented using computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof, to perform the various operations described herein. The computing device may further include a display (as an example of the output device or in addition to the output device) , a network interface configured to communicate and / or receive the data, any combination thereof, and / or other component (s) . The network interface may be configured to communicate and / or receive Internet Protocol (IP) based data or other type of data.
[0156] The process 1600 and process 1700 are each illustrated as a logical flow diagram, the operations of which represent a sequence of operations that can be implemented in hardware, computer instructions, or a combination thereof. In the context of computer instructions, the operations represent computer-executable instructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that, when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations. Generally, computer-executable instructions include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform particular functions or implement particular data types. The order in which the operations are described is not intended to be construed as a limitation, and any number of the described operations can be combined in any order and / or in parallel to implement the processes.
[0157] Additionally, process 1600 and / or process 1700 may be performed under the control of one or more computer systems configured with executable instructions and may be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or more computer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectively on one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. As noted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium, for example, in the form of a computer program including a plurality of instructions executable by one or more processors. The computer-readable or machine-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.
[0158] FIG. 18 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 1800, which may be employed for reducing speed limit sign function false positive. In particular, FIG. 18 illustrates an example of computing system 1800, which can be for example any computing device making up internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof in which the components of the system are in communication with each other using connection 1805. Connection 1805 can be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection into processor 1810, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 1805 can also be a virtual connection, networked connection, or logical connection.
[0159] In some aspects, computing system 1800 is a distributed system in which the functions described in this disclosure can be distributed within a datacenter, multiple data centers, a peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represents many such components each performing some or all of the function for which the component is described. In some aspects, the components can be physical or virtual devices.
[0160] Example system 1800 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1810 and connection 1805 that communicatively couples various system components including system memory 1815, such as read-only memory (ROM) 1820 and random access memory (RAM) 1825 to processor 1810. Computing system 1800 can include a cache 1812 of high-speed memory connected directly with, in close proximity to, or integrated as part of processor 1810.
[0161] Processor 1810 can include any general purpose processor and a hardware service or software service, such as services 1832, 1834, and 1836 stored in storage device 1830, configured to control processor 1810 as well as a special-purpose processor where software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1810 may essentially be a completely self-contained computing system, containing multiple cores or processors, a bus, memory controller, cache, etc. A multi-core processor may be symmetric or asymmetric.
[0162] To enable user interaction, computing system 1800 includes an input device 1845, which can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for speech, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphical input, keyboard, mouse, motion input, speech, etc. Computing system 1800 can also include output device 1835, which can be one or more of a number of output mechanisms. In some instances, multimodal systems can enable a user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with computing system 1800.
[0163] Computing system 1800 can include communications interface 1840, which can generally govern and manage the user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate receipt and / or transmission wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including those making use of an audio jack / plug, a microphone jack / plug, a universal serial bus (USB) port / plug, an AppleTM LightningTM port / plug, an Ethernet port / plug, a fiber optic port / plug, a proprietary wired port / plug, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM wireless signal transfer, a BluetoothTM low energy (BLE) wireless signal transfer, an IBEACONTM wireless signal transfer, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transfer, near-field communications (NFC) wireless signal transfer, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transfer, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transfer, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transfer, Visible Light Communication (VLC) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , Infrared (IR) communication wireless signal transfer, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) signal transfer, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) signal transfer, ad-hoc network signal transfer, radio wave signal transfer, microwave signal transfer, infrared signal transfer, visible light signal transfer, ultraviolet light signal transfer, wireless signal transfer along the electromagnetic spectrum, or some combination thereof.
[0164] The communications interface 1840 may also include one or more range sensors (e.g., LiDAR sensors, laser range finders, RF radars, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared (IR) sensors) configured to collect data and provide measurements to processor 1810, whereby processor 1810 can be configured to perform determinations and calculations needed to obtain various measurements for the one or more range sensors. In some examples, the measurements can include time of flight, wavelengths, azimuth angle, elevation angle, range, linear velocity and / or angular velocity, or any combination thereof. The communications interface 1840 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers that are used to determine a location of the computing system 1800 based on receipt of one or more signals from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the US-based GPS, the Russia-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) , the China-based BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) , and the Europe-based Galileo GNSS. There is no restriction on operating on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here may easily be substituted for improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.
[0165] Storage device 1830 can be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable memory device and can be a hard disk or other types of computer readable media which can store data that are accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, solid state memory devices, digital versatile disks, cartridges, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, a hard disk, magnetic tape, a magnetic strip / stripe, any other magnetic storage medium, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state memory, a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) optical disc, a rewritable compact disc (CD) optical disc, digital video disk (DVD) optical disc, a blu-ray disc (BDD) optical disc, a holographic optical disk, another optical medium, a secure digital (SD) card, a micro secure digital (microSD) card, a Memory card, a smartcard chip, a EMV chip, a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a mini / micro / nano / pico SIM card, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, random access memory (RAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , programmable read-only memory (PROM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash EPROM (FLASHEPROM) , cache memory (e.g., Level 1 (L1) cache, Level 2 (L2) cache, Level 3 (L3) cache, Level 4 (L4) cache, Level 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache) , resistive random-access memory (RRAM / ReRAM) , phase change memory (PCM) , spin transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM) , another memory chip or cartridge, and / or a combination thereof.
[0166] The storage device 1830 can include software services, servers, services, etc., that when the code that defines such software is executed by the processor 1810, it causes the system to perform a function. In some aspects, a hardware service that performs a particular function can include the software component stored in a computer-readable medium in connection with the necessary hardware components, such as processor 1810, connection 1805, output device 1835, etc., to carry out the function. The term “computer-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, or carrying instruction (s) and / or data. A computer-readable medium may include a non-transitory medium in which data can be stored and that does not include carrier waves and / or transitory electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over wired connections. Examples of a non-transitory medium may include, but are not limited to, a magnetic disk or tape, optical storage media such as compact disk (CD) or digital versatile disk (DVD) , flash memory, memory or memory devices. A computer-readable medium may have stored thereon code and / or machine-executable instructions that may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, or the like.
[0167] Specific details are provided in the description above to provide a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples provided herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that the application is not limited thereto. Thus, while illustrative aspects of the application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed, and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations, except as limited by the prior art. Various features and aspects of the above-described application may be used individually or jointly. Further, aspects can be utilized in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein without departing from the broader scope of the specification. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. For the purposes of illustration, methods were described in a particular order. It should be appreciated that in alternate aspects, the methods may be performed in a different order than that described.
[0168] For clarity of explanation, in some instances the present technology may be presented as including individual functional blocks including devices, device components, steps or routines in a method embodied in software, or combinations of hardware and software. Additional components may be used other than those shown in the figures and / or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the aspects in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the aspects.
[0169] Further, those of skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
[0170] Individual aspects may be described above as a process or method which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0171] Processes and methods according to the above-described examples can be implemented using computer-executable instructions that are stored or otherwise available from computer-readable media. Such instructions can include, for example, instructions and data which cause or otherwise configure a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or a processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Portions of computer resources used can be accessible over a network. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, source code. Examples of computer-readable media that may be used to store instructions, information used, and / or information created during methods according to described examples include magnetic or optical disks, flash memory, USB devices provided with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, and so on.
[0172] In some aspects the computer-readable storage devices, mediums, and memories can include a cable or wireless signal containing a bitstream and the like. However, when mentioned, non-transitory computer-readable storage media expressly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and signals per se.
[0173] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof, in some cases depending in part on the particular application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.
[0174] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and can take any of a variety of form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks (e.g., a computer-program product) may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor (s) may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include laptops, smart phones, mobile phones, tablet devices or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rackmount devices, standalone devices, and so on. Functionality described herein also can be embodied in peripherals or add-in cards. Such functionality can also be implemented on a circuit board among different chips or different processes executing in a single device, by way of further example.
[0175] The instructions, media for conveying such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example means for providing the functions described in the disclosure.
[0176] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as modules or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods, algorithms, and / or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.
[0177] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs) , or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term “processor, ” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein.
[0178] One of ordinary skill will appreciate that the less than ( “<” ) and greater than ( “>” ) symbols or terminology used herein can be replaced with less than or equal to ( “≤” ) and greater than or equal to ( “≥” ) symbols, respectively, without departing from the scope of this description.
[0179] Where components are described as being “configured to” perform certain operations, such configuration can be accomplished, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operation, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors, or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operation, or any combination thereof.
[0180] The phrase “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” refers to any component that is physically connected to another component either directly or indirectly, and / or any component that is in communication with another component (e.g., connected to the other component over a wired or wireless connection, and / or other suitable communication interface) either directly or indirectly.
[0181] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set indicates that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one of A, B, and C” or “at least one of A, B, or C” means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any duplicate information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, and so on) , or any other ordering, duplication, or combination of A, B, and C. The language “at least one of” a set and / or “one or more” of a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, claim language reciting “at least one of A and B” or “at least one of A or B” may mean A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B. The phrases “at least one” and “one or more” are used interchangeably herein.
[0182] Claim language or other language reciting “at least one processor configured to, ” “at least one processor being configured to, ” “one or more processors configured to, ” “one or more processors being configured to, ” or the like indicates that one processor or multiple processors (in any combination) can perform the associated operation (s) . For example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” means a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y, and Z; or that multiple processors are each tasked with a certain subset of operations X, Y, and Z such that together the multiple processors perform X, Y, and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y, and Z. In another example, claim language reciting “at least one processor configured to: X, Y, and Z” can mean that any single processor may only perform at least a subset of operations X, Y, and Z.
[0183] Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions.
[0184] Where reference is made to an entity (e.g., any entity or device described herein) performing functions or being configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) , the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform the functions. The one or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more (or all) of the functions, and / or any combination thereof. Where reference to the entity performing functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function) .
[0185] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, engines, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or combinations thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, engines, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present application.
[0186] The techniques described herein may also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques may be implemented in any of a variety of devices such as general purposes computers, wireless communication device handsets, or integrated circuit devices having multiple uses including application in wireless communication device handsets and other devices. Any features described as engines, modules, or components may be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium including program code including instructions that, when executed, performs one or more of the methods described above. The computer-readable data storage medium may form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , FLASH memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, and the like. The techniques additionally, or alternatively, may be realized at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or communicates program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed, read, and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.
[0187] The program code may be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , general purpose microprocessors, an application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable logic arrays (FPGAs) , or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry. Such a processor may be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor; but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Accordingly, the term “processor, ” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure, any combination of the foregoing structure, or any other structure or apparatus suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. In addition, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated software modules or hardware modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated in a combined video encoder-decoder (CODEC) .
[0188] Illustrative aspects of the disclosure include:
[0189] Aspect 1. An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: determine, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; associate ramp information with the traffic sign based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp; determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and determine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0190] Aspect 2. The apparatus of Aspect 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold.
[0191] Aspect 3. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 or 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information being less than a speed-limit threshold.
[0192] Aspect 4. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on at least one of navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane.
[0193] Aspect 5. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is one of a road edge or the ramp.
[0194] Aspect 6. The apparatus of Aspect 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment.
[0195] Aspect 7. The apparatus of Aspect 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to convert the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle.
[0196] Aspect 8. The apparatus of Aspect 7, wherein the coordinates of the position of the road segment are in a global coordinate system.
[0197] Aspect 9. The apparatus of any of Aspects 7 or 8, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle.
[0198] Aspect 10. The apparatus of any of Aspects 5 to 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp, a coordinate of a point located at an entrance of the ramp.
[0199] Aspect 11. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine supplementary information based on the one or more images, the supplementary information comprising the position of the traffic sign.
[0200] Aspect 12. The apparatus of Aspect 11, wherein the supplementary information further comprises a directional arrow indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0201] Aspect 13. The apparatus of any of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the position of the road segment of the road based on a high definition map.
[0202] Aspect 14. A method for traffic sign detection, the method comprising: determining, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determining a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; associating ramp information with the traffic sign based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp; determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; and determining, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0203] Aspect 15. The method of Aspect 14, further comprising associating the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold.
[0204] Aspect 16. The method of any of Aspects 14 or 15, further comprising associating the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information being less than a speed-limit threshold.
[0205] Aspect 17. The method of any of Aspects 14 to 16, further comprising determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on at least one of navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane.
[0206] Aspect 18. The method of any of Aspects 14 to 17, wherein the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is one of a road edge or the ramp.
[0207] Aspect 19. The method of Aspect 18, further comprising determining, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment.
[0208] Aspect 20. The method of Aspect 19, further comprising converting the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle.
[0209] Aspect 21. The method of Aspect 20, wherein the coordinates of the position of the road segment are in a global coordinate system.
[0210] Aspect 22. The method of any of Aspects 20 or 21, further comprising determining the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle.
[0211] Aspect 23. The method of any of Aspects 18 to 22, further comprising determining, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp, a coordinate of a point located at an entrance of the ramp.
[0212] Aspect 24. The method of any of Aspects 14 to 23, further comprising determining supplementary information comprising the position of the traffic sign.
[0213] Aspect 25. The method of Aspect 24, wherein the supplementary information further comprises a directional arrow indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0214] Aspect 26. The method of any of Aspects 14 to 25, further comprising determining the position of the road segment of the road based on a high definition map.
[0215] Aspect 27. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform any of Aspects 14 to 26.
[0216] Aspect 28. An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising one or more means for performing any of Aspects 14 to 26.
[0217] Aspect 29. An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: determine, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; and determine, based on the type of the road being a road edge and based on a distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0218] Aspect 30. The apparatus of Aspect 29, wherein the at least one processor is configured to ignore (e.g., disregard) the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign based on determining the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0219] Aspect 31. The apparatus of any of Aspects 29 or 30, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine supplementary information based on the one or more images, the supplementary information comprising the position of the traffic sign.
[0220] Aspect 32. The apparatus of Aspect 31, wherein the supplementary information further comprises a directional arrow indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0221] Aspect 33. The apparatus of any of Aspects 29 to 32, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the position of the road segment of the road based on a high definition map.
[0222] Aspect 34: A method for traffic sign detection, the method comprising: determining, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign; determining a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; and determining, based on the type of the road being a road edge and based on a distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0223] Aspect 35. The method of Aspect 34, further comprising ignoring (e.g., disregarding) the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign based on determining the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
[0224] Aspect 36. The method of any of Aspects 34 or 35, further comprising determining supplementary information based on the one or more images, the supplementary information comprising the position of the traffic sign.
[0225] Aspect 37. The method of Aspect 36, wherein the supplementary information further comprises a directional arrow indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.
[0226] Aspect 38. The method of any of Aspects 34 to 37, further comprising determining the position of the road segment of the road based on a high definition map.
[0227] Aspect 39. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations according to any of Aspects 34 to 38.
[0228] Aspect 40. An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising means for performing operations according to any of Aspects 34 to 38.
[0229] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ”
Claims
1.An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to:determine, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign;determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling;associate ramp information with the traffic sign based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp;determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; anddetermine, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on a longitudinal distance between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to associate the ramp information with the traffic sign further based on the speed-limit information being less than a speed-limit threshold.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on at least one of navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is one of a road edge or the ramp.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one processor is configured to convert the coordinates of the position of the road segment to coordinates in a vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle.8.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the coordinates of the position of the road segment are in a global coordinate system.9.The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the vehicle coordinate system of the vehicle based on a pose of the vehicle.10.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the ramp, a coordinate of a point located at an entrance of the ramp.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine supplementary information based on the one or more images, the supplementary information comprising the position of the traffic sign.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the supplementary information further comprises a directional arrow indicating a direction of the ramp associated with the traffic sign.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the position of the road segment of the road based on a high definition map.14.A method for traffic sign detection, the method comprising:determining, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign;determining a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling;associating ramp information with the traffic sign based on a lateral distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being less than a lateral distance threshold, the ramp information indicating the traffic sign is associated with a ramp;determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign; anddetermining, based on determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is accurate for the vehicle to follow.15.The method of claim 14, wherein associating the ramp information with the traffic sign is further based on a longitudinal distance between the position of the traffic sign and a point located at an entrance of the ramp being less than a longitudinal distance threshold.16.The method of claim 14, wherein associating the ramp information with the traffic sign is further based on the speed-limit information being less than a speed-limit threshold.17.The method of claim 14, further comprising determining the vehicle intends to enter the ramp associated with the traffic sign based on at least one of navigation information from a navigation system associated with the vehicle or a right-turn indicator on the vehicle being activated and the road the vehicle is traveling being a right-hand lane.18.The method of claim 14, wherein the type of the road the vehicle is traveling is one of a road edge or the ramp, the method further comprising determining, based on the type of the road the vehicle is traveling being the road edge, coordinates for the position of the road segment.19.An apparatus for traffic sign detection, the apparatus comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to:determine, based on one or more images of a scene comprising a traffic sign, speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign and a position of the traffic sign;determine a position of a road segment of a road on which a vehicle is traveling on and a type of the road the vehicle is traveling; anddetermine, based on the type of the road being a road edge and based on a distance between the position of the traffic sign and the position of the road segment being greater than a threshold distance, the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor is configured to ignore the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign based on determining the speed-limit information associated with the traffic sign is not accurate for the vehicle to follow.
Citation Information
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