High temperature resistant epoxy adhesives
A two-part epoxy adhesive composition with primary polyamine, glass bubbles, and intumescent polyphosphate reagents cures at room temperature and maintains integrity at 450℃, addressing the challenges of high temperature resistance and flame resistance in automotive battery applications.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/105941
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Existing thermoset adhesives used in automotive battery applications fail to withstand high temperatures without disintegrating, particularly in thermal runaway events exceeding 450℃, and lack flame resistance and low density for improved battery energy density and insulation.
A two-part epoxy adhesive composition comprising a curative part with primary polyamine and epoxy resin, along with additives like glass bubbles, hydroxide salts, and intumescent polyphosphate reagents, which cures at room temperature and maintains integrity at 450℃.
The adhesive composition achieves high temperature stability, low density, electrical insulation, and thermal insulation, preventing disintegration at 450℃, while being flame-resistant, thus enhancing battery performance.
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Figure PCTCN2024105941-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024105941-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
HIGH TEMPERATURE RESISTANT EPOXY ADHESIVESSummary
[0001] Disclosed herein are high temperature resistant two-part epoxy adhesive compositions, and articles that include the cured two-part epoxy adhesive compositions. The cured compositions have a low density and are electrically and thermally insulating. In some embodiments that two-part epoxy adhesive composition comprises Part A) a curative part comprising at least one curing agent that is a primary polyamine, Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin, and additives where one or more of the additive components are present in Part A, Part B, or both. The additive components comprise glass bubbles, at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof, and at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent. The composition upon mixing of Part A with Part B cures at room temperature, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate.
[0002] Also disclosed are articles that include the cured two-part epoxy adhesive compositions described above. In some embodiments, the articles comprise a first substrate with at least one surface, a second substrate with at least one surface, and a cured adhesive layer disposed between at least a portion of the first substrate surface, and the second substrate surface. The cured adhesive layer comprises a cured two-part adhesive composition, comprises Part A) a curative part comprising at least one primary amine, Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin, and additives. The two-part epoxy adhesive compositions are described above.Detailed Description
[0003] Thermoset adhesives are thermosetting polymers, or plastics, that are used as adhesives. They are supplied in an uncured state consisting of unlinked monomers. A chemical hardener may be used to cause hardening, or curing may be induced by the application of some other stimulus, such as heat or light.
[0004] Thermoset adhesives have very high strength, excellent gap filling ability, and resistance to moisture and heat. Examples include epoxy and polyester resins. Many thermoset adhesives are supplied as a two-component system although one-part adhesives are used as well. Two-component adhesives are typically made up of a resin and a hardener, in liquid or gel form, which are mixed to initiate the curing process.
[0005] Thermoset adhesives are used in a wide range of applications. The required properties for these adhesives are becoming increasingly stringent. Besides the adhesive properties, the adhesives are required to have additional properties such as flame resistance and the ability to survive high temperature exposure without disintegrating. In the automative battery market, there are different chemistries used in the batteries such as NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) , LFP (lithium ferro phosphate) and others. LFP batteries have attracted great interest due to its safety. Among the applications that use thermosetting adhesives are battery applications where the batteries can become exposed to thermal runaway events where the temperature can reach 450℃, especially for the LFP (lithium ferro phosphate) type of battery. Therefore, there is a need for thermoset adhesives that are flame resistant and can survive exposure to 450℃ without disintegrating.
[0006] The use of low-density materials is desirable in batteries, because lower density materials increase the battery energy density. Therefore, lower density materials are a more desirable choice. At the same time, lower density materials also increase the insulation performance, such as thermal and electric insulation, of parts made from them.
[0007] In this disclosure, two-part epoxy adhesive compositions are described that are low density, are electrically and thermally insulating and comprise an amine curing agent, an epoxy resin, glass bubbles, a hydroxide salt, and an intumescent polyphosphate. The two-part epoxy adhesive compositions may further comprise a variety of additional components. Also disclosed are articles that contain the two-part adhesive compositions.
[0008] The term “adhesive” as used herein refers to polymeric compositions useful to adhere together two adherends. Examples of adhesives are structural adhesives.
[0009] Structural adhesives refer to adhesives that that can bond other high strength materials (e.g., wood, composites, or metal) so that the adhesive bond strength is in excess of 7.0 MPa (1000 psi) .
[0010] The terms "room temperature" and "ambient temperature" are used interchangeably to mean temperatures in the range of 20℃ to 25℃.
[0011] The terms “polymer” and “macromolecule” are used herein consistent with their common usage in chemistry. Polymers and macromolecules are composed of many repeated subunits. As used herein, the term “macromolecule” is used to describe a group attached to a monomer that has multiple repeating units. The term “polymer” is used to describe the resultant material formed from a polymerization reaction.
[0012] The term “alkyl” refers to a monovalent group that is a radical of an alkane, which is a saturated hydrocarbon. The alkyl can be linear, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof and typically has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkyl group contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, and ethylhexyl.
[0013] The term “aryl” refers to a monovalent group that is aromatic and carbocyclic. The aryl can have one to five rings that are connected to or fused to the aromatic ring. The other ring structures can be aromatic, non-aromatic, or combinations thereof. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, anthryl, naphthyl, acenaphthyl, anthraquinonyl, phenanthryl, anthracenyl, pyrenyl, perylenyl, and fluorenyl.
[0014] The term “alkylene” refers to a divalent group that is a radical of an alkane. The alkylene can be straight-chained, branched, cyclic, or combinations thereof. The alkylene group often has 1 to 20 carbon atoms. In some embodiments, the alkylene contains 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The radical centers of the alkylene can be on the same carbon atom (i.e., an alkylidene) or on different carbon atoms.
[0015] The term “heteroalkylene” refers to a divalent group that includes at least two alkylene groups connected by a thio, oxy, or -NR-where R is alkyl. The heteroalkylene can be linear, branched, cyclic, substituted with alkyl groups, or combinations thereof. Some heteroalkylenes are poloxyyalkylenes, also called alkylene oxides, where the heteroatom is oxygen such as for example, -CH2CH2 (OCH2CH2) nOCH2CH2-.
[0016] The term “alkoxy” refers to a monovalent group of formula -ORa where Ra is an alkyl group. The term “aryloxy” refers to a monovalent group of formula -ORa where Ra is an aryl group.
[0017] Disclosed herein are two-part adhesive compositions that are room temperature curing. Room temperature curable two-part adhesives are ones in which the two parts are kept separate until the two parts are mixed to initiate curing.
[0018] In some embodiments, the two-part adhesive composition comprises Part A) a curative part comprising at least one curing agent that is a primary polyamine, and Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin. The two-part adhesive composition also includes one or more additives. The additive components are present in Part A, Part B, or both. A wide range of additive components are suitable. Among the additives are glass bubbles, at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof, and at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent. In some embodiments, the two-part adhesive composition has additional additives.
[0019] Upon the mixing of Part A with Part B, the composition cures at room temperature, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate. In some embodiments, the two-part adhesive compositions are also flame resistant.
[0020] The two-part adhesive composition includes Part A, the curative part. Part A includes at least one curing agent that is a primary polyamine and may include a variety of additives. In this way, Part A can be described as a mixture of the curative or a curative combination and the additive or additive combination. The term “curing agent” as used herein is used according to the common usage in the epoxy curing art, namely it encompasses compounds (such as amino groups) that react with epoxy rings, and curing catalysts, compounds that catalyze the homopolymerization of epoxy rings.
[0021] The curative or curative combination comprises at least one curing agent that is a primary polyamine. A wide variety of primary polyamine curing agents are suitable. Exemplary primary polyamines include octahydro-4, 7-methano-1H-indenedimethylamine; norbornane diamine; 4, 7, 10-Trioxa-1, 13-tridecane-diamine; 7, 10-trioxytridecane-1, 13-diamine; 4-7-dioxydecane-1, 10-diamine; ethylene diamine; diethylene triamine; propylene diamine; dipropylene triamine; triethylene tetraamine; tetraethylene pentaamine; hexaethylene heptamine; hexamethylene diamine; 2-methyl-1, 5-pentamethylene diamine; aminoethyl piperazine; 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane (also called isophorene diamine) ; poly (alkylene oxide) diamines; copolymers of poly (tetramethylene oxide) , poly (propylene oxide) diamine, and poly (ethylene oxide) diamine; and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the at least one primary polyamine comprises 20-80%by weight of Part A.
[0022] In some embodiments, the curative or curative combination comprises one or more additional curing agents. These curing agents may be compounds that react with epoxy rings, curing catalysts, or combinations thereof.
[0023] In some embodiments, the curative or curative combination further comprises a second curing agent. A wide variety of second curing agents are suitable. In some embodiments, the second curing agent comprises: tetraethylenepentamine; N-aminoethylpiperazine; bis (aminopropyl) piperazine; diethylenetriamine; triethylenetetramine; 4, 7, 10-trioxatridecane-1, 13 -diamine; octahydro-4, 7-methano-1H-indenedimethylamine; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanebis (methylamine) ; meta-xylenediamine, isophoronediamine; cyclohexanediamine; and combinations thereof.
[0024] In some embodiments, the curative or curative combination further comprises one or more curing catalysts. Examples of curing catalysts include tertiary amines and metal salts. Examples of particularly suitable curing catalysts include calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, and the tertiary amine curing agent VERSAMINE EH 50 from BASF Corporation.
[0025] Besides the curative or curative combination, Part A also comprises one or more additives. Among the additives are glass bubbles (especially bubbles that do not melt at 450℃) , at least one alkaline metal hydroxide salt (which can react with acid released from the intumescent polyphosphate to form a metal phosphate salt) selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof, with aluminum hydroxide being particularly suitable, and at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent. An additional advantage of the formed metal phosphate salt is that these formed salts can help to adhere the glass bubbles together so the cured layer will not disintegrate. In some embodiments, Part A may comprise additional additives.
[0026] In some embodiments, Part A comprises glass bubbles. Glass bubbles are particularly suitable because it has been found that the presence of glass bubbles assists the high temperature stability of the cured adhesive and also provides better insulation and lower density. In some embodiments, the glass bubbles comprise hollow borosilicate glass bubbles with a true density of from 0.1-0.8 g / cm3. Examples of suitable glass bubbles include XLD3000 glass bubbles from 3M Company, St. Paul, MN. In some embodiments, the glass bubbles have been surface modified with an amino silane surface treatment agent. Amino-silane surface treatment agents, also know as amino-silane coupling agents, are well known materials in the adhesive arts. Typically, the amino-silane surface treatment agents are of general Structure 1:
[0027] A-R1-B
[0028] Structure 1
[0029] wherein A comprises an amino group, -NR5R6 where R5 and R6 are each independently an H atom or an alkyl group, wherein at least one of R5 and R6 is an H atom; R1 is a linking group comprising an alkylene group with 1-5 carbon atoms; and B is a group -SiR2R3R4 wherein R2 and R3 are alkoxy groups with 1-4 carbon atoms, and R4 is an alkyl, alkoxy or aryloxy group.
[0030] These agents function to treat the surface of the glass beads in that the silane group reacts with the surface of the glass bubble, and the amino group is available to react with epoxy resins of Part B. In this way the glass bubbles can become incorporated into the cured epoxy matrix.
[0031] The amount of glass bubbles in Part A, if present, are 5-40 weight%based upon the total weight of the adhesive composition.
[0032] In some embodiments, Part A further comprises at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof. Examples of suitable hydroxide salts include aluminum hydroxide trihydrates ATH 916 and ATH 9400SG from J. M. Huber Corporation. Magnesium hydroxide, such as MAGNIFIN H-7 from J. M. Huber Corporation, can also be used, but in many embodiments, the magnesium salt is not as desirable. Reasons for this relate to the melting point of the hydrated magnesium salt which is higher (350℃) , and thus the magnesium salt is not as effective in picking up released acid at elevated temperatures as the hydrated aluminum hydroxide salt (220℃) . The amount of hydroxide salt in Part A, if present, is 1-20 weight%based upon the total weight of the adhesive composition, more typically 1-10%, or even 2-6%. These levels do not significantly increase the density of the cured adhesive. Higher amounts of these kinds of compounds give an undesirable higher density to the final cured adhesive, while the relatively low levels described herein are useful in assisting to form cured adhesives that do not disintegrate after exposure to 450℃.
[0033] In some embodiments, Part A further comprises at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent and / or one or more other flame-retardant agents. In some embodiments, the at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent comprises: ammonium polyphosphate; melamine polyphosphate; ethylene diamine phosphate, and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable intumescent polyphosphate reagent include INTUMAX AC-3 from Broadview Technologies, Newark, NJ. Part A may also comprise other flame-retardant agents. In some embodiments, the flame-retardant agent comprises boron-based flame retardants, melamine, aluminosilicate, red phosphorous powder, organophosphorus compounds, expendable graphite, talc, and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable additional flame-retardant agents include: the ammonium polyphosphate available as EXOLIT AP 462, AP 422, AP 423 from Clariant and INTUMAX AC-3 from Broadview Technologies. The amount of intumescent polyphosphate reagent in Part A, if present, is 5-40 weight%based upon the total weight of the adhesive composition. The one or more other flame-retardant agents in Part A, if present, are 5-40 weight%based upon the total weight of the adhesive composition.
[0034] Other additives include fumed silica, alumosilicate, pigments, and adhesion promoters. Examples of suitable fumed silicas include the CAB-O-SIL materials TS 382 or TS 720 from Cabot Corporation. An example of an alumosilicate is halloysite. Examples of suitable pigments include carbon black such as VULCAN XC-72R from Cabot Corporation, and titanium dioxide such as TI-PURE R-960 from the Chemours Company, Wilmington, DE. Part A may further contain adhesion promoters such as the silsesquioxane oligomer available as WSA-9911 from Gelest Inc., Martinsville, PA;
[0035] The two-part adhesive composition includes Part B, the epoxy part. Part B includes at least one epoxy resin and may include a variety of additives. In this way, Part B can be described as a mixture of the epoxy resin or epoxy resin mixture and the additive or additive combination.
[0036] Part B includes at least one epoxy resin. In some embodiments, the at least one epoxy resin comprises: a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F; a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; a liquid epoxy novolac resin, a liquid aliphatic epoxy resin, a liquid cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; 1, 4-cyclohexandimethanoldiglycidylether; 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate; tetraglycidylmethylenedianiline; N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4, 4′-methylenebisbenzenamine; triglycidyls of para-aminophenol, N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine; and combinations thereof. Particularly suitable epoxy resins include the DGEBA (di-glycidyl ether of bisphenol A) resin EPON 828 and the aliphatic triglycidyl ether HELOXY 48 from Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Louisville, KY. In some embodiments, the at least one epoxy resin comprises 30-80%by weight of Part B.
[0037] Besides the epoxy resin or epoxy resin mixture, Part B also comprises one or more additives. Among the additives are glass bubbles, at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof, and at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent. In some embodiments, Part B may comprise additional additives. Each of these additives is described above, and the amounts of the additives can similarly be used in Part B.
[0038] As mentioned above, a wide array of additives can be used in Part A, Part B or both of the two-part adhesive composition. Among these additives are glass bubbles, hydroxide salts, intumescent polyphosphate reagents and / or other flame-retardant agents. Regardless of which part the additives are in, the overall amounts of the additives can vary.
[0039] In some embodiments, the additives include glass bubbles. Suitable glass bubbles are described above. The glass bubbles if present are present in an amount of from 5-40%by weight.
[0040] In some embodiments, the additives include hydroxide salts. Suitable hydroxide salts are described above. The hydroxide salts, if present are present in an amount of from 1-20 weight%based upon the total weight of the adhesive composition, more typically 1-10%, or even 2-6%. These levels do not significantly increase the density of the cured adhesive. Higher amounts of these kinds of compounds give an undesirable higher density to the final cured adhesive, while the relatively low levels described herein are useful in assisting to form cured adhesives that do not disintegrate after exposure to 450℃. As mentioned above, a desirable feature of the hydroxides can melt below 450℃, or even 200-350℃, and can form new inorganic salts upon reaction with the acid released from the intumescent polyphosphate reagents and these formed salts can help to adhere the glass bubbles together so the cured layer will not disintegrate.
[0041] In some embodiments, the additives include intumescent polyphosphate reagents. The intumescent polyphosphate reagents, if present are present in an amount of from 5-40%by weight.
[0042] Besides the above listed additives, the adhesive composition may include other optional additives. In some embodiments, the adhesive composition further comprises in Part A, Part B, or both, an additive comprising water, thixotropic agents, catalysts, pigments, fillers, coupling agents, and polymer bubbles, with the proviso that Part B does not include water.
[0043] The two-part adhesive compositions of this disclosure, upon curing have a wide range of desirable properties. As mentioned above, the cured composition has a low density and is electrically and thermally insulating. Additionally, the cured composition has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate.
[0044] High temperature stability can be measured in a variety of ways. In some embodiments, the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams for 10 minutes under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section. In other embodiments, the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 10 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams or higher under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 15 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 20 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 25 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 30 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 30 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 1000 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 30 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 2000 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 30 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 3000 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section; the cured composition after exposure to 450℃ for 30 minutes withstands a compressive weight of 3500 grams under the Compression Test shown in the Examples section.
[0045] In some embodiments, the cured composition is flame resistant. In some embodiments, the flame resistance is such that it meets the flame retardant UL94V0 test.
[0046] Also disclosed are articles. In some embodiments, the articles comprise a first substrate with at least one surface, a second substrate with at least one surface; and a cured adhesive layer disposed between at least a portion of the first substrate surface, and the second substrate surface. The cured adhesive layer comprises a cured two-part adhesive composition. The two-part adhesive composition comprises Part A) a curative part comprising at least one primary amine and Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin. The two-part adhesive composition also comprises additive components. One or more of the additive components are present in Part A, Part B, or both, the additive components comprise glass bubbles, at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof, at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent, and may also comprise additional additives. The composition upon mixing of Part A with Part B cures at room temperature, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate. The two-part adhesive composition is described in detail above.
[0047] In some embodiments, at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate comprises a battery or a battery component. In some embodiments, the battery component comprises a battery pack component or a battery cell. In some embodiments, the two-part adhesive bonds a battery pack lid to a cooling plate.
[0048] Examples
[0049] These examples are merely for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be limiting on the scope of the appended claims. All parts, percentages, ratios, etc. in the examples and the rest of the specification are by weight, unless noted otherwise. Solvents and other reagents used were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company; Milwaukee, Wisconsin unless otherwise noted. The following abbreviations are used: mm = millimeters, cm = centimeters; RPM = revolutions per minute; g = grams. The terms “weight %” , “%by weight” , and “wt%” are used interchangeably.
[0050] Table 1: Materials
[0051] Test Methods
[0052] UL94V0 Test
[0053] Samples were tested after conditioning for 48 hours at 23℃ and 50%relative humidity (RH) . Each sample was mounted along its vertical axis. Each sample was supported such that its lower end was 10 mm above a Bunsen burner tube. A blue 20 mm high flame was applied to the center of the lower edge of the sample for ten seconds and removed. If burning ceased within 30 seconds, the flame was reapplied for an additional ten seconds. If the specimen dripped, particles were allowed to fall onto a layer of dry absorbent surgical cotton placed 300 mm below the sample.
[0054] Test requirements per UL94V0 standard:
[0055] The samples may not burn with flaming combustion for more than 10 seconds after either application of the test flame. The total flaming combustion time may not exceed 50 seconds for the 10 flame applications for each set of 5 specimens. The samples may not burn with flaming or glowing combustion up to the holding clamp. The samples may not drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbent surgical cotton located 300 mm below the test sample. The samples may not have glowing combustion that persists for more than 30 seconds after the second removal of the test flame.
[0056] Integrity Test
[0057] Samples were cured for 48 hours at ambient temperature (i.e., 21℃) between two flat glass panels with polyethylene film attached to the surface (used as release liners) using a 2 mm spacer in between the glass panels. After curing, the samples were cut into a 5.08 cm × 5.08 cm (2 inch × 2 inch) square shape. Then, the cut samples were placed onto a 0.16 cm (0.063 inch) thick flat aluminum panel and inserted into a 450℃ oven for 30 minutes. The samples were removed from the oven and visually inspected. A sample that remained whole and did not disintegrate upon touch by a glass rod passed the test.
[0058] Compression Test
[0059] Weight (in grams) was placed on a 2.04 cm × 5.18 cm × 0.16 cm (1 inch × 2 inch ×0.063 inch) sample. Weight was added to the sample until it broke into more than one piece in the following sequence: 50 grams (g) , 100 g, 500 g, 1000 g, 3000 g, and 3500 g.
[0060] Examples EX-1 - EX12 and Comparative Examples CEX-1 - CEX4
[0061] Two-part adhesive compositions were prepared according to the General Assembly method, cured as described below, and tested according to the above test methods.
[0062] General Assembly of two-part Adhesives
[0063] Part B Assembly
[0064] Quantities of DGEBA, ATE, CA-2 (in grams as represented in Tables 2 and 3) were mixed in a high-speed mixer at 2, 200 RPM at ambient temperature (i.e., 21℃) for 1 - 2 minutes. After mixing, TS 382 was added, and speed mixed at 2, 200 RPM for 2 - 4 minutes. The remaining ingredients were added, and speed mixed at 2, 200 RPM for 1 - 2 minutes.
[0065] Part A Assembly
[0066] Quantities of TTD and Cure Agent (in grams as represented in Tables 2 and 3) were added to a plastic cup and mixed well. Then Ca (NO3) 2·4H2O was added, by means of a high-speed mixer operating at 2, 200 RPM at ambient temperature (i.e., 21℃) for 5-10 minutes. After the Ca (NO3) 2·4H2O was dissolved, CA-1 and Catalyst were added and mixed. TS 382 was added, and speed mixed at 2, 200 RPM for 2 - 4 minutes. The remaining ingredients were added, and the mixture was speed mixed at 2, 200 RPM for 1 -2 minutes.
[0067] Table 2: Compositions (in weight percent)
[0068] Table 3: Compositions (in weight percent)
[0069] Curing
[0070] Part B and Part A were mixed together in a 2 to 1 volume ratio.
[0071] Testing
[0072] Table 4: UL94V0 Test Results
[0073] Table 5: Integrity Test Results
[0074] Table 6: Compression Test Results
Claims
1.A two-part adhesive composition comprising:Part A) a curative part comprising at least one curing agent that is a primary polyamine;Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin; andadditives, wherein one or more of the additive components are present in Part A, Part B, or both, the additive components comprise:glass bubbles:at least one hydroxide salt with a melting point of less than 450℃ selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide or a combination thereof;at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent,wherein the composition upon mixing of Part A with Part B cures at room temperature, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate.2.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one hydroxide salt has a melting point of no higher than 300℃ and is present in an amount of less than 10 %by weight of the total adhesive composition.3.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising titanium dioxide, wherein the titanium dioxide is present in Part A, Part B, or both and is present in an amount of 0.1-5 %by weight of the total adhesive composition.4.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one primary polyamine in Part A comprises: octahydro-4, 7-methano-1H-indenedimethylamine; norbornane diamine; 4, 7, 10-Trioxa-1, 13-tridecane-diamine; 7, 10-trioxytridecane-1, 13-diamine; 4-7-dioxydecane-1, 10-diamine; ethylene diamine; diethylene triamine; propylene diamine; dipropylene triamine; triethylene tetraamine; tetraethylene pentaamine; hexaethylene heptamine; hexamethylene diamine; 2-methyl-1, 5-pentamethylene diamine; aminoethyl piperazine; 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexane (also called isophorene diamine) ; poly (alkylene oxide) diamines; copolymers of poly (tetramethylene oxide) , poly (propylene oxide) diamine, and poly (ethylene oxide) diamine; and combinations thereof.5.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein Part A further comprises a second curing agent, wherein the second curing agent comprises: tetraethylenepentamine; N-aminoethylpiperazine; bis (aminopropyl) piperazine; diethylenetriamine; triethylenetetramine; 4, 7, 10-trioxatridecane-1, 13 -diamine; octahydro-4, 7-methano-1H-indenedimethylamine; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptanebis (methylamine) ; meta-xylenediamine, isophoronediamine; cyclohexanediamine; and combinations thereof.6.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one primary polyamine comprises 20-80%by weight of Part A.7.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one epoxy resin comprises: a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F; a liquid diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; a liquid epoxy novolac resin, a liquid aliphatic epoxy resin, a liquid cycloaliphatic epoxy resin; 1, 4-cyclohexandimethanoldiglycidylether; 3, 4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3, 4-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate; tetraglycidylmethylenedianiline; N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-4, 4′-methylenebisbenzenamine; triglycidyls of para-aminophenol, N, N, N′, N′-tetraglycidyl-m-xylenediamine; and combinations thereof.8.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one epoxy resin comprises 30-80%by weight of Part B.9.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the glass bubbles comprise hollow borosilicate glass bubbles with a true density of from 0.1-0.8 g / cm3, and wherein the glass bubbles are present in Part A, Part B or both and if present are present in an amount of from 5-40%by weight.10.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 9, wherein Part A contains glass bubbles, wherein the glass bubbles have been surface modified with an amino silane surface treatment agent.11.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent comprises: ammonium polyphosphate; melamine polyphosphate; ethylene diamine phosphate, and combinations thereof, and wherein the at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent is present in Part A, Part B or both and if present are present in an amount of from 5-40%by weight.12.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one flame retardant, the flame retardant comprising boron-based flame retardants, melamine, aluminosilicate, red phosphorous powder, organophosphorus compounds, expendable graphite, talc, and combinations thereof, and wherein the at least one flame retardant is present in Part A, Part B or both and if present are present in an amount of from 5-40%by weight.13.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition upon curing forms a cured composition that meets the flame retardant UL94V0 test.14.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, wherein the adhesive composition further comprises in Part A, Part B, or both, an additive comprising water, thixotropic agents, catalysts, pigments, fillers, coupling agents, adhesion promoters, and polymer bubbles, with the proviso that Part B does not include water.15.The two-part adhesive composition of claim 1, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition withstands a compressive weight of 500 grams for 10 minutes.16.An article comprising:a first substrate with at least one surface;a second substrate with at least one surface; anda cured adhesive layer disposed between at least a portion of the first substrate surface, and the second substrate surface, the cured adhesive layer comprising a cured two-part adhesive composition, the two-part adhesive composition comprising:Part A) a curative part comprising at least one primary amine;Part B) an epoxy part comprising at least one epoxy resin; andadditives, wherein one or more of the additive components are present in Part A, Part B, or both, the additive components comprise:glass bubbles:at least one hydroxide salt selected from magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxideor a combination thereof;at least one intumescent polyphosphate reagent,wherein the composition upon mixing of Part A with Part B cures at room temperature, and upon curing forms a cured composition that has high temperature stability such that upon exposure to 450℃ for 5 minutes the cured composition does not disintegrate.17.The article of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate comprises a battery or a battery component.18.The article of claim 17, the battery component comprises a battery pack component or a battery cell.19.The article of claim 16, wherein the first substrate is a battery pack lid and the second substrate is a cooling plate.
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