Method and system for configuring control devices using a piping and instrumentation diagram

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to system and method for configuring control devices using Piping and Instrumentation Diagram(P&ID). The method comprises of importing P&ID file; digitizing P&ID file; digitizing P&ID file comprises: identifying using Artificial Intelligence model, one or more symbols in P&ID file, indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices, identifying one or more texts associated with one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of one or more texts with coordinates of one or more symbols, identifying one or more connections between one or more symbols using graph search, generating an I / O-list comprising of one or more I / O-devices based on identified one or more symbols, identified one or more texts and identified one or more connections; and generating recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of I / O-devices in P&ID file, based on I / O-list.

Description

TITLE: METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONFIGURING CONTROL DEVICES USING A PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present subject matter is related in general to industrial automation, more particularly, but not exclusively, the present subject matter relates to a method and system for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID).BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, in process industries, diverse types of engineering documents are used. These include Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID), process flow diagrams, control diagrams, etc. Among these P&IDs shows piping and process equipment together with instrumentation and control devices. The P&ID diagram comprises of symbols, lines, and texts which represent the equipment or instruments, electrical and mechanical connections, equipment name with reference number. The P&ID form the basis for requirements throughout the constructional and operational phase of an industrial facility. For the most part, these are conventional industries and have P&IDs as paper sheets. When such industries want to upgrade the control devices (for e.g., to Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)s) the analysis of the P&IDs and creation of an Input / Output List (I / O) list based on the P&ID, is a tedious and time-consuming process prone to human errors.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism to address one or more of the above problems.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background of the disclosure section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.SUMMARY

[0005] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). The method comprises of: importing a P&ID file, digitizing the P&ID file (digitizing the P&ID file comprises of: identifying using an artificial intelligence model, one or more symbols in the P&ID file,indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices, identifying one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols, and identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search), generating an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections, and generating a recommendation list comprising of one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the I / O devices in the P&ID file, based on the I / O list.

[0006] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a system for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). The system comprises of a processor and a memory. The memory stores processor-executable instructions, which, on execution, cause the processor to import a P&ID file, digitize the P&ID file, generate an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections, and generate a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the one or more I / O devices in the P&ID file, based on the I / O list.

[0007] The processor configured to digitize the P&ID file is configured to: identify using an artificial intelligence model one or more symbols in the P&ID file, indicating one or more Input- Output (I / O) devices, identify one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols, and identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0008] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the disclosed principles. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference number identifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference features and components. Some embodiments of system and / or methods in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example only, and regarding the accompanying figures, in which:

[0009] FIG. 1. illustrates an environment for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0010] FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed a block diagram of a system for configuring control devices using a P&ID, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0011] FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for configuring control devices using a P&ID, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0012] FIG. 4a-4d illustrate exemplary P&ID in various stages of digitizing, in accordance with one embodiment; and

[0013] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer system, for executing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure.

[0014] It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative systems embodying the principles of the present subject matter. Similarly, it will be appreciated that any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and executed by a computer or processor, whether such computer or processor is explicitly shown.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In the present document, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment or implementation of the present subject matter described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

[0016] While the disclosure is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiment thereof has been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail below. It should be understood, however that it is not intended to limit the disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the disclosure is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternative falling within the spirit and the scope of the disclosure.

[0017] The terms “comprises”, “comprising”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device or method that comprises a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a device or system or apparatus proceeded by “comprises... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the device or system or apparatus.

[0018] The terms “includes”, “including”, or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a setup, device, or method that includes a list of components or steps does not include only those components or steps but may include other components or steps not expressly listed or inherent to such setup or device or method. In other words, one or more elements in a system or apparatus proceeded by “includes... a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other elements or additional elements in the system or method.

[0019] The terms "an embodiment", "embodiment", "embodiments", "the embodiment", "the embodiments", "one or more embodiments", "some embodiments", and "one embodiment" mean "one or more (but not all) embodiments of the invention(s)" unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0020] The terms "including", "comprising", “having” and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0021] As used herein, the terms “communication” and “communicate” may refer to the reception, receipt, transmission, transfer, provision, and / or the like of information (e.g., data, signals, messages, instructions, commands, and / or the like). For one unit (e.g., a device, a system, a component of a device or system, combinations thereof, and / or the like) to be in communication with another unit means that the one unit is able to directly or indirectly receive information from and / or transmit information to the other unit. This may refer to a direct or indirect connection (e.g., a direct communication connection, an indirect communication connection, and / or the like) that is wired and / or wireless in nature. Additionally, two units may be in communication with each other even though the information transmitted may be modified, processed, relayed, and / or routed between the first and second unit. For example, a first unit may be in communication with a second unit even though the first unit passively receives information and does not activelytransmit information to the second unit. As another example, a first unit may be in communication with a second unit if at least one intermediary unit (e.g., a third unit located between the first unit and the second unit) processes information received from the first unit and communicates the processed information to the second unit. In some non-limiting embodiments, a message may refer to a network packet (e.g., a data packet and / or the like) that includes data. It will be appreciated that numerous other arrangements are possible.

[0022] As used herein, the term "processor" may refer to any suitable data computation device or devices. A processor may comprise one or more microprocessors working together to accomplish a desired function. The processor may include CPU comprises at least one high-speed data processor adequate to execute program components for executing user and / or system - generated requests. The CPU may be a microprocessor such as AMD's Athlon, Duron and / or Opteron; IBM and / or Motorola's PowerPC; IBM's and Sony's Cell processor; Intel's Celeron, Itanium, Pentium, Xeon, and / or XScale; and / or the like processor(s).

[0023] As used herein, the term "memory" may be any suitable device or devices that can store electronic data. A suitable memory may comprise a non -transitory computer readable medium that stores instructions that can be executed by a processor to implement a desired method. Examples of memories may comprise one or more memory chips, disk drives, etc. Such memories may operate using any suitable electrical, optical, and / or magnetic mode of operation.

[0024] As used herein, the term “Piping and Instrumentation Diagram” or “P&ID”, may refer to an engineering drawing that illustrates piping and process equipment together with instrumentation and control devices of an industrial plant. The P&ID may comprise of symbols, lines, and texts which represent equipment or instruments present in an industrial plant, electrical and mechanical connections between equipment in the industrial plant, name and reference number of equipment in the industrial plant. The P&ID may also form basis for requirements throughout constructional and operational phase of an industrial plant.

[0025] In the following detailed description of the embodiments of the disclosure, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, and it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that changes may be madewithout departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The following description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense.

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an environment for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID). The environment may comprise of a system 102, a first database 108 and a P&ID file 106. The system 102 may further comprise of an artificial intelligence model (such as, without limiting to, artificial intelligence model 104). In an embodiment, the system 102 may be a part of an engineering system. In another embodiment, the system 102 may be a part of an engineering tool implemented on a general computer system. In another embodiment, the system 102, may be an independent engineering tool. In another embodiment, the system 102 may be implemented in an industrial system such as a Distributed Control System (DCS) or a Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system.

[0027] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be present in an industrial plant or may be present remotely.

[0028] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to import the P&ID file 106. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be a scanned image of a P&ID of an industrial plant. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be a preexisting engineering diagram representation of processing equipment, instrumentation devices and control devices of an industrial plant. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be imported as one of an Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) format file, an AVI Image File Format (AVIF) file, a Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) file, a Joint Photographic Expert Group image (JPEG) format file, a Portable Network Graphics (PNG) format file or a Portable Document Format (PDF) file.

[0029] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to digitize the P&ID file 106.

[0030] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to identify using the artificial intelligence model 104 one or more symbols in the P&ID file 106, indicating one or more Input - Output (I / O) devices. In an embodiment, the system 102 configured to identify one or more symbols using the artificial intelligence model 104 may be configured to train the artificial intelligence model 104 using data of a plurality of symbols defined in a plurality of P&IDs from the first database 108. In an embodiment, the artificial intelligence model 104 is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In an embodiment, the first database 108 may be a database server remotely located from the industrial plant and the system 102. and storing the plurality of P&IDs.The plurality of P&IDs may be stored in the first database 108 in the form of, one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF.

[0031] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to identify one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols.

[0032] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search. In an embodiment the system 102 configured to identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search may be configured to: preprocess the P&ID file 106 to reduce thickness of lines representing the one or more connections, applying an edge filter to the P&ID file 106, apply a graph search process to the P&ID file 106, starting from each of identified one or more symbols; trace at least one dark pixel from a perimeter of the one or more symbols, and update a direction and an index of the at least one dark pixel in an array till the graph search process reaches at least one of the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, when there is break in the lines representing the one or more connections, the system 102 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel for a predetermined number of pixels (for e.g., without limitation to, 10 pixels) to detect a new line representing a connection. In an embodiment, when there is a bent crossover in the lines representing the one or more connections, the system 102 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel. The bent crossover is detected when there are changes in X and Y coordinates of pixels.

[0033] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to generate an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections. The system 102 configured to generate the I / O list is configured to assign a reference number to the one or more symbols, generate I / O details of the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols, and generate I / O type for the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols and based on the type of the one or more I / O devices. In an embodiment, the reference assigned to the one or more symbols may be a reference number identified in the P&ID file 106 corresponding to the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, the I / O type is one of an Analog Output (AO), an Analog Input (Al), a Digital Output (DO), orDigital Input (DI). In an embodiment, the one or more I / O devices is one of a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator or a converter.

[0034] In an embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to generate a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the one or more I / O devices in the P&ID file, based on the I / O list. In an embodiment, the recommendation list is generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / O type associated with the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, the one or more control devices is one of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) device, a DCS device or a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) device. In another embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to automatically configure the one or more control devices based on the recommendation list using the engineering tool. In another embodiment, the system 102 may further be configured to automatically build a project using a control device configuration software tool by using python script which reads data from the recommendation list which may be in the form of a CSV file.

[0035] FIG. 2 illustrates a detailed a block diagram of the system for configuring control devices using the P&ID. The system 102 may comprise of an input / output (I / O) I / O interface 202, a processor 204, a memory 206 and modules 214. The memory 206 may comprise of data 208, the P&ID file 106, the plurality of P&IDs 210 and plurality of symbols 212. The modules 214 may comprise without limitation to, an importing module 216, a digitizing module 218, an I / O list generating module 220, a recommendation list generating module 222 and other modules 224. The digitizing module 218may further comprise of the artificial intelligence model 104. In an embodiment, the system 102 may be a part of an engineering system. In another embodiment, the system 102 may be a part of an engineering tool implemented on a general computer system. In another embodiment, the system 102, may be an independent engineering tool. In another embodiment, the system 102 may be implemented in an industrial system such as a DCS or a SCADA system.

[0036] In an embodiment, the data 208 may include various temporary data and files generated by the modules 214.

[0037] As used herein, the term module may refer to an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a hardware processor (shared, dedicated, or group) and memorythat execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable components that provide the described functionality. In an implementation, each of the modules 214 may be configured as stand-alone hardware computing units. In an embodiment, the other modules 224 may be used to perform various miscellaneous functionalities of the system 102. It will be appreciated that such modules 214 may be represented as a single module or a combination of different modules.

[0038] The importing module 216 may be configured to import the P&ID file 106 via the I / O interface 202 from one of: an input device (for example, without limitation to, a storage device) connected to the system 102 or a database server via a communication network. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be imported as one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF file.

[0039] The digitizing module 218 is configured to digitize the P&ID file 106. The digitizing module 218 is configured to identify using the artificial intelligence model 104 one or more symbols in the P&ID file 106, indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices. In an embodiment, identifying one or more symbols using the artificial intelligence model 104 comprises of training the artificial intelligence model 104 using data of the plurality of symbols 212 defined in a plurality of P&IDs 210 retrieved from the first database 108. In an embodiment, the artificial intelligence model 104 is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In an embodiment, the first database 108 may be a database server remotely located from the industrial plant and the system 102 and storing the plurality of P&IDs. The plurality of P&IDs may be stored in the first database 108 in the form of, one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF file.

[0040] In an embodiment, frequently appearing symbols in P&IDs are automatically identified by the artificial intelligence model 104. A faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) technique may be used for symbol identification. A person skilled will appreciate that other artificial intelligence models which are capable of identifying symbols from the P&ID can be used and the scope is not restricted to R-CNN. The artificial intelligence model 104 may be pre-trained with a ResNet50 dataset. The plurality of P&IDs 210 comprising of a plurality of symbol types are used as training and validation dataset for training the artificial intelligence model 104. The input dataset comprising of the plurality of P&IDs 210 is preprocessed before feeding to the artificial intelligence model 104 for training. The plurality of P&IDs 210 areconverted to small patches. These patches may be resized to a pre -defined dimension (for e.g., without limitation to a dimension of 800 X 800 pixels). The plurality of P&IDs 210 is then normalized with a set of mean and standard deviation values by first calculating mean and standard deviation of pixels in a P&ID of the plurality of P&IDs 210. The mean thus calculated is subtracted from the value of each pixel and each difference value obtained is divided by the standard deviation to obtain standardized values with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1 and pixel values in a range between 0-1.

[0041] In an embodiment, a stochastic gradient descent may be used as an optimizer for the Al model 104 while training to iteratively adjust parameters to minimize the loss function to update weights and biases of the R-CNN. In an embodiment, during training, the artificial intelligence model 104 returns classification and regression losses for regions identified as bounding boxes around symbols by a Region Proposal Networks (RPN) technique of the R-CNN. Subsequently, while evaluating, the artificial intelligence model 104 predicts coordinates of bounding boxes over a symbol of the plurality of symbols 212, the name of a symbol and a score for the prediction. If the score is above a pre-set threshold value, the prediction may be considered for further processing. If the score is below the pre-set threshold value, the prediction may be omitted for further processing.

[0042] The digitizing module 218 is further configured to identify one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts present in the P&ID with coordinates of the one or more symbols in the P&ID. In an embodiment, a text detection model (for e.g., Character Region Awareness For Text (CRAFT) detection) may be used to extract bounding boxes for the identified texts in the P&ID file 106. A mapping associating the text with corresponding symbol is made by comparing the coordinates of the bounding boxes of symbols and texts. Subsequently, an Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine is fed with the cropped section of the input P&ID file 106 to extract the content of the text.

[0043] The digitizing module 218 is further configured to identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search.

[0044] In an embodiment identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search comprises of preprocessing the P&ID file 106 by reducing thickness of linesrepresenting the one or more connections. In an embodiment a technique for reducing thickness of lines representing the one or more connections is applied to the image to reduce the thickness of the lines as the application of an edge filter in subsequent steps may cause thick lines to be converted into multiple parallel lines.

[0045] Subsequently, an edge filter is applied to the P&ID file 106. Finally, a graph search process is applied to the P&ID file 106. In an embodiment the edge filter highlights the boundaries and contours in the P&ID file 106 to detect the connections.

[0046] In an embodiment, the graph search process is applied from each of the identified one or more symbols by tracing at least one dark pixel from a perimeter of the one or more symbols . Subsequently, a direction and an index of the at least one dark pixel is updated in an array till the graph search process reaches at least one of the one or more symbols.

[0047] In an embodiment, when there is break in the lines representing the one or more connections, the digitizing module 218 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel for a predetermined number of pixels (for e.g., without limitation to, 10 pixels) to detect a new line representing a connection. In an embodiment, a break in the line may correspond to a dashed line representing electric connections in the P&ID file 106. In another embodiment, a break may be due to a bent crossover in the lines representing the one or more connections, in which case the digitizing module 218 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel. The bent crossover is detected when there are changes in X and Y coordinates of pixels. In both these cases, a break in the connection may not be due to the termination of a connection but rather a connection that may be continued after a few pixels which is why a tracing may be continued after a few pixels.

[0048] In an embodiment, a solid line between two symbols represents a piping connection and a dashed line represents an electric connection. Subsequently, a graph-search-based line detection technique is applied, starting from each of the identified one or more symbols. In an embodiment, the search may begin from perimeter of bounding box by looking for a dark pixel. In embodiment, as there may be an inaccuracy in the bounding box location and dimension as the identified one or more symbols may not be square-shaped, the search may be extended for a delta distance inward and outward from the perimeter. Once a dark pixel is detected, the graph search technique traces the path by searching for a dark pixel around the present pixel. If a dark pixel is found, anindex is updated to the new location (Every pixel other than those on the edges of the P&ID file 106 may have eight adjacent pixels). The direction and the status of whether a pixel has already been visited is stored in separate arrays in a matrix. In an embodiment, if a T junction or a cross junction is present in the path, the graph search technique recalls the coordinates and completes the travel through all paths sequentially. The traversal ends when the pixel coordinates coincide with the bounding box region of one of the other identified one or more symbols. In an embodiment, owing to overlapping connections, there may be instances in which the lines have breaks or there might be special symbols representing line breaks. In such an instance, the proximity of the X and Y coordinates of such symbols may be compared to determine whether they are part of the same line. If no special symbols are available, the search may be further extended in the same direction for a specified number of pixels to determine whether the graph search technique may detect a new line in the same direction. Additionally, the graph search technique may also search in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the index of the current pixel, for a specific number of pixels, as there may also be a slight drift in the position of the new line. In an embodiment, an Adjacency Matrix (AM) of size N x N is generated for the identified one or more connections. N is the number of identified one or more symbols in the P&ID file 106. The identified one or more symbols may be considered as nodes and the identified one or more connections may be considered as branches. For e.g., if there are one hundred symbols in the P&ID file 106, the AM is of size 100x100. In an embodiment, if there is a connection between a kthand a 1thsymbol, the value of an element 'n' at position (k, 1) of the matrix is set to 1, otherwise it may be set to 0. Post identification of all the connections in the P&ID file 106, the AM generated by the digitizing module 218, may comprise of information of all connections present in the P&ID file 106. An exemplary AM is depicted in Table 1 below.Table 1 Adjacency Matrix

[0049] A Node Incident (NI) matrix may be generated to store direction information of the one or more connections. The NI matrix is of size N x B, N is the number of identified one or more symbols in the P&ID file 106 and B is the number of connections. The flow directions are mapped to the matrix with location (n, b) = -1 indicating a flow directed towards the nthsymbol through the bthbranch and 1, of the flow is directed away from the nthsymbol through the bthbranch and 0 if no connection exists between symbol n, and branch b. In an embodiment, a source symbol name and destination symbol name are used for connection validation. In an embodiment, possible combinations of source and destination nodes: Flow Transmitter (FT) to Flow Controller (FC), Pressure Transmitter (PT) to Pressure Controller (PC), Temperature Transmitter (TT) to Temperature Controller (TC) are compared with connection identified by the artificial intelligence model 104. If a TT to PC and TT to TC connection is identified, only TT to TC connection is considered valid and the other connection are considered to be invalid.

[0050] The I / O list generating module 220 is configured to generate an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections. The I / O list generating module 220 configured to generate the I / O list is configured to assign a reference number to the one or more symbols, generate I / O details of the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols, and generate I / O type for the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols and based on the type of the one or more I / O devices. In an embodiment, the reference assigned to the one or more symbols may be a reference number identified in the P&ID file 106 corresponding to the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, the I / O type is one of an Analog Output (AO), an Analog Input (Al), a Digital Output (DO), or Digital Input (DI) and is determined based on equipment type (for e.g., if asignal emanates from an analog device, then the signal type is analog and if the signal is sent to a controller, the I / O type is Al). In an embodiment, the one or more I / O devices is one of a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator or a converter. In an embodiment, the I / O list may be generated in the form of a CSV file. An exemplary I / O list for the P&ID depicted in Fig. 4b is depicted in Table 2 below:Table 2: Exemplary I / O List

[0051] The recommendation list generating module 222 may be configured to generate a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the one or more I / O devices in the P&ID file, based on the I / O list. For example, without limitation, in a scenario where an industry is upgraded from a relay-based control system to a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based control system, a PLC device that achieves the same functionality achieved by the existing system in the P&ID as a replacement to the existing relay devices may be added to the existing equipment in the P&ID 106. In an embodiment, the recommendation list is generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / O type associated with the one or more symbols. In another embodiment, the recommendation list may be generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / Otype associated with the one or more symbols using a Machine Learning (ML) model. In an embodiment, the one or more control devices is one of a PLC device, a Distributed Control System (DCS) device or a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) device. A second database of programmable logic controller (PLCs), I / O type and I / O count the PLC supports may be created manually (by referring to PLC manuals). This database may also comprise of information which contain the criteria for PLC selection such as, without limitation to, power supply, memory, option slots, cost, communication interface, operational temperature range. Subsequently PLCs are ranked based on the number of I / Os and I / O types extracted from P&ID using deep learning and the other features which are required by a user (provided by the user). A weightage may be provided to each factor while ranking a PLC. A PLC is recommended from the PLCs available in the database based on the number of I / Os and I / O types, for example, in a P&ID with two analog outputs, a corresponding PLC capable of driving two analog output leads may be recommended by the recommendation list generating module 222. The recommendation list may be generated in the form of a CSV file.

[0052] In another embodiment, the system 102 may be configured to automatically configure the one or more control devices based on the recommendation list using the engineering tool. In another embodiment, the system 102 may further be configured to automatically build a project using a control device configuration software tool by using python script which reads data from recommendation list which may be in the form of a CSV file.

[0053] FIG. 3 illustrates a method 300 for configuring control devices using the P&ID.

[0054] At block 302, the method 300 comprises of importing the P&ID file by the processor 204. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be a scanned image of a P&ID of an industrial plant. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be a preexisting engineering diagram representation of processing equipment, instrumentation devices and control devices of an industrial plant. In an embodiment, the P&ID file 106 may be imported as one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF file.

[0055] At block 304, the method 300 comprises of digitizing the P&ID file, by the processor204. The steps of digitizing the P&ID file comprises of the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Identifying using the artificial intelligence model 104 one or more symbols in the P&ID file 106, indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices. In an embodiment,identifying one or more symbols using the artificial intelligence model 104 comprises of training the artificial intelligence model 104 using data of a plurality of symbols defined in a plurality of P&IDs from the first database 108. In an embodiment, the artificial intelligence model 104 is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. In an embodiment, the first database 108 may be a database server remotely located from the industrial plant and the system 102 and storing the plurality of P&IDs. The plurality of P&IDs may be stored in the first database 108 in the form of, one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF file.

[0057] Step 2: Identifying one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols.

[0058] Step 3: Identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search. In an embodiment identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search comprises of: preprocessing the P&ID file 106 by reducing thickness of lines representing the one or more connections, applying an edge filter to the P&ID file 106, applying a graph search process to the P&ID file 106, starting from each of identified one or more symbols; tracing at least one dark pixel from a perimeter of the one or more symbols, and updating a direction and an index of the at least one dark pixel in an array till the graph search process reaches at least one of the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, when there is break in the lines representing the one or more connections, the system 102 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel for a predetermined number of pixels (for e.g., without limitation to, 10 pixels) to detect a new line representing a connection. In an embodiment, when there is a bent crossover in the lines representing the one or more connections, the system 102 is configured to continue tracing in the direction of a previous pixel. The bent crossover is detected when there are changes in X and Y coordinates of pixels.

[0059] At block 306, the method 300 comprises of generating an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections by the processor 204. The system 102 configured to generate the I / O list is configured to assign a reference number to the one or more symbols, generate I / O details of the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols, and generate I / O type for the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols and based on the type of the one or more I / Odevices. In an embodiment, the I / O type is one of an Analog Output (AO), an Analog Input (Al), a Digital Output (DO), or Digital Input (DI). In an embodiment, the one or more I / O devices is one of a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator or a converter. In an embodiment, the reference assigned to the one or more symbols may be a reference number identified in the P&ID file 106 corresponding to the one or more symbols.

[0060] At block 308, the method 300 comprises of generating a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the one or more I / O devices in the P&ID file, based on the I / O list, by the processor 204. In an embodiment, the recommendation list is generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / O type associated with the one or more symbols. In an embodiment, the one or more control devices is one of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) device, a Distributed Control System (DCS) device or a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) device. In another embodiment, the method 300 may comprise of automatically configuring the one or more control devices based on the recommendation list using an engineering tool. In another embodiment, the method 300 may comprise of automatically building a project using a control device configuration software tool by using python script which reads data from recommendation list in the form of a CSV file.

[0061] FIG. 4a illustrates exemplary P&ID in various stages of digitizing.

[0062] FIG. 4b illustrates an exemplary method for symbol detection, text detection and connection detection.

[0063] FIG. 4b illustrates an exemplary P&ID file for temperature and flow control. The inputs to PLC in FIG. 4b are from the devices flow transmitter (FT 101) and temperature transmitter (TT100) which are analog inputs.

[0064] FIG. 4c illustrates symbol identification of the P&ID file Fig. 4b, i.e., the artificial intelligence model 104 identifies the symbols corresponding flow transmitter and the temperature transmitter in the P&ID file Fig. 4b.

[0065] FIG. 4d illustrates connection identification of the P&ID file Fig. 4b, i.e., the system 102 may then use graph traversal and adjacency matrix to identify electrical connections that are (depicted by dotted lines in P&ID file Fig. 4b) that the output signal from the PLC is fed toCurrent to Pressure converter (I / P) and that the input to the I / P converter is an analog signal. Therefore, for this process the PLC provides AO to two I / P converters whose pneumatic output is then used to operate valves. Therefore, a PLC which has two Analog Inputs (Al), and two Analog Outputs (AO) may be recommended subsequently.

[0066] FIG. 5 illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary computer system 502 for implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. The computer system 502 may be, without limitation to, the system 102. In an embodiment, the computer system 502 may be an engineering system of which the system 102 is a part of. In another embodiment, computer system 502 may implement the system 102 as part of an engineering tool. In another embodiment, the computer system 502 may be implemented in an industrial system such as a DCS or a SCADA system. The computer system 502 may include a central processing unit (“CPU” or "processor" 304). The processor 504 may include at least one data processor for executing processes. The processor 504 may include specialized processing units such as, integrated system (bus) controllers, memory management control units, floating point units, graphics processing units, digital signal processing units, etc.

[0067] The processor 504 may be disposed in communication with one or more input / output (I / O) devices 518 and 520 via I / O interface 516. The I / O interface 516 may employ communication protocols / methods such as, without limitation, audio, analog, digital, monaural, RCA, stereo, IEEE- 1394, serial bus, universal serial bus (USB), infrared, PS / 2, BNC, coaxial, component, composite, digital visual interface (DVI), high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), RF antennas, S-Video, VGA, IEEE 802. n / b / g / n / x, Bluetooth, cellular (e.g., codedivision multiple access (CDMA), high-speed packet access (HSPA+), global system for mobile communications (GSM), long-term evolution (LTE), WiMax, or the like), etc.

[0068] Using the I / O interface 516, the computer system 502 may communicate with one or more I / O devices 518 and 520. For example, the input devices 518 may be an antenna, keyboard, mouse, joystick, (infrared) remote control, camera, card reader, fax machine, dongle, biometric reader, microphone, touch screen, touchpad, trackball, stylus, scanner, storage device, transceiver, video device / source, etc. The output devices 520 may be a printer, fax machine, video display (e.g., cathode ray tube (CRT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), light-emitting diode (LED), plasma, Plasma display panel (PDP), Organic light -emitting diode display (OLED) or the like), audio speaker, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the processor 504 may be disposed in communication with external elements such as external computer systems, servers, network elements. A network interface 522 may employ connection protocols including, without limitation, direct connect, Ethernet (e.g., twisted pair 10 / 100 / 1000 Base T), transmission control protocol / internet protocol (TCP / IP), token ring, IEEE 802.1 la / b / g / n / x, etc. The network interface 522 may be disposed in communication with the first database 108 via a communication networks 524. A plurality of P&IDs 210 may be stored in the first database 108, which may be retrieved by the system 108 to train the artificial intelligence model 104. In an embodiment, the first database 108 may be a database server remotely located from the industrial plant and the system 102 and storing the plurality of P&IDs. The plurality of P&IDs may be stored in the first database 108 in the form of, one of an APNG format file, an AVIF file, a GIF file, a JPEG format file, a PNG format file or a PDF file.

[0070] In some embodiments, the processor 504 may be disposed in communication with a memory 508 (e.g., RAM, ROM, etc.) via a storage interface storage interface 506. The storage interface 506 may connect to memory 508 including, without limitation, memory drives, removable disc drives, etc., employing connection protocols such as, serial advanced technology attachment (SATA), Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE), IEEE-1394, Universal Serial Bus (USB), fibre channel, Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), etc. The memory drives may further include a drum, magnetic disc drive, magneto -optical drive, optical drive, Redundant Array of Independent Discs (RAID), solid-state memory devices, solid-state drives, etc.

[0071] The memory 508 may store a collection of program or database components, including, without limitation, user interface 510, an operating system 512, a web browser 514 etc. In some embodiments, computer system 502 may store user / application data, such as, the data, variables, records, etc., as described in this disclosure. Such databases may be implemented as fault - tolerant, relational, scalable, secure databases such as Oracle ® or Sybase®.

[0072] The operating system 512 may facilitate resource management and operation of the computer system 502. Examples of operating systems include, without limitation, APPLE MACINTOSH® OS X, UNIX®, UNIX-like system distributions (E.G., BERKELEY SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTION™ (BSD), FREEBSD™, NETBSD™, OPENBSD™, etc.), LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS™ (E.G., RED HAT™, UBUNTU™, KUBUNTU™, etc.), IBM™OS / 2, MICROSOFT™ WINDOWS™ (XP™, VISTA™ / 7 / 8, 10 etc.), APPLE® IOS™, GOOGLE® ANDROID™, BLACKBERRY® OS, or the like.

[0073] In some embodiments, the computer system 502 may implement the web browser 514 stored program components. The web browser 514 may be a hypertext viewing application, such as MICROSOFT® INTERNET EXPLORER®, GOOGLE™ CHROME™, MOZILLA® FIREFOX®, APPLE® SAFARI®, etc. Secure web browsing may be provided using Secure Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTPS), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), Transport Layer Security (TLS), etc. Web browsers 514 may utilize facilities such as AJAX, DHTML, ADOBE® FLASH®, JAVASCRIPT®, JAVA®, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), etc. In some embodiments, the computer system 502 may implement a mail server stored program component. The mail server may be an Internet mail server such as Microsoft Exchange, or the like. The mail server may utilize facilities such as Active Server Pages (ASP), ACTIVEX®, ANSI® C++ / C#, MICROSOFT®, .NET, CGI SCRIPTS, JAVA®, JAVASCRIPT®, PERL®, PHP, PYTHON®, WEBOBJECTS®, etc. The mail server may utilize communication protocols such as Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), Messaging Application Programming Interface (MAPI), MICROSOFT® exchange, Post Office Protocol (POP), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), or the like. In some embodiments, the computer system 502 may implement a mail client stored program component. The mail client may be a mail viewing application, such as APPLE® MAIL, MICROSOFT® ENTOURAGE®, MICROSOFT® OUTLOOK®, MOZILLA® THUNDERBIRD®, etc.

[0074] Furthermore, one or more computer-readable storage media may be utilized in implementing embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. A computer -readable storage medium refers to any type of physical memory on which information or data readable by a processor may be stored. Thus, a computer-readable storage medium may store instructions for execution by one or more processors, including instructions for causing the processor(s) to perform steps or stages consistent with the embodiments described herein. The term “computer - readable medium” should be understood to include tangible items and exclude carrier waves and transient signals, i.e., be non-transitory. Examples include Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), volatile memory, non-volatile memory, hard drives, CD ROMs, DVDs, flash drives, disks, and any other known physical storage media.

[0075] The described operations may be implemented as a method, system or article of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. The described operations may be implemented as code maintained in a “non-transitory computer readable medium”, where a processor may read and execute the code from the computer readable medium. The processor is at least one of a microprocessor and a processor capable of processing and executing the queries. A non-transitory computer readable medium may include media such as magnetic storage medium (e.g., hard disk drives, floppy disks, tape, etc.), optical storage (CD-ROMs, DVDs, optical disks, etc.), volatile and non-volatile memory devices (e.g., EEPROMs, ROMs, PROMs, RAMs, DRAMs, SRAMs, Flash Memory, firmware, programmable logic, etc.), etc. Further, non-transitory computer- readable media may include all computer-readable media except for a transitory. The code implementing the described operations may further be implemented in hardware logic (e.g., an integrated circuit chip, Programmable Gate Array (PGA), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc.).

[0076] An “article of manufacture” includes non-transitory computer readable medium, and / or hardware logic, in which code may be implemented. A device in which the code implementing the described embodiments of operations is encoded may include a computer readable medium or hardware logic. Of course, those skilled in the art will recognize that many modifications may be made to this configuration without departing from the scope of the invention, and that the article of manufacture may include suitable information bearing medium known in the art.

[0077] The above described one or more embodiments, may have the advantageous effect that, P&IDs may be digitized, and an I / O list may be generated efficiently in an error free manner. Further, an industrial plant may be efficiently upgraded without the need for human intervention. Furthermore, the method as described in one or more embodiments also has the effect that control device configuration may be achieved automatically which helps save time and cost.

[0078] The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “some embodiments”, and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the invention(s)” unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0079] The terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0080] The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0081] The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise.

[0082] A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the invention.

[0083] When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device / article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device / article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device / article may be used in place of the more than one device or article, or a different number of devices / articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and / or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality / features. Thus, other embodiments of the invention need not include the device itself.

[0084] The illustrated operations of figure 3 show certain events occurring in a certain order. In alternative embodiments, certain operations may be performed in a different order, modified, or removed. Moreover, steps may be added to the above -described logic and still conform to the described embodiments. Further, operations described herein may occur sequentially or certain operations may be processed in parallel. Yet further, operations may be performed by a single processing unit or by distributed processing units.

[0085] Finally, the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. It is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by any claims that issue on an application based here on. Accordingly, the disclosure of the embodiments of the invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

[0086] While various aspects and embodiments have been disclosed herein, other aspects and embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The various aspects and embodiments disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A method (300) for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), comprising: importing (302), by a processor (204), a P&ID file (106); digitizing (304), by the processor (204), the P&ID file (106), wherein digitizing the P&ID file (106) comprises of: identifying using an artificial intelligence model (104), one or more symbols in the P&ID file (106), indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices; identifying one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols; and identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search; generating (306), by the processor (204), an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections; and generating (308), by the processor (204), a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file (106) to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the I / O devices in the P&ID file (106), based on the I / O list.

2. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein identifying one or more symbols comprises of training the artificial intelligence model (104) using data of a plurality of symbols defined in a plurality of P&IDs from a first database (108), wherein the artificial intelligence model (104) is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model.

3. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein identifying one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search comprises of: preprocessing the P&ID file (106) to reduce thickness of lines representing the one or more connections; applying an edge filter to the P&ID file (106);applying a graph search process to the P&ID file, starting from each of identified one or more symbols; tracing at least one dark pixel from a perimeter of the one or more symbols; and updating a direction and an index of the at least one dark pixel in an array till the graph search process reaches at least one of the one or more symbols.

4. The method (300) as claimed in claim 3, wherein tracing comprises: continuing tracing in the direction of a previous pixel for a predetermined number of pixels to detect a new line representing a connection, when there is break in the lines representing the one or more connections.

5. The method (300) as claimed in claim 3, wherein tracing comprises: continuing tracing in the direction of a previous pixel, when there is a bent crossover in the lines representing the one or more connections, wherein the bent crossover is detected when there are changes in X and Y coordinates of pixels.

6. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein generating an I / O list comprises of: assigning a reference number to the one or more symbols; generating I / O details of the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols; and generating I / O type for the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols and based on the type of the one or more I / O devices.

7. The method (300) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the I / O type is one of an Analog Output (AO), an Analog Input (Al), a Digital Output (DO), or Digital Input (DI).

8. The method (300) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the recommendation list is generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / O type associated with the one or more symbols.

9. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more I / O devices is one of: a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator or a converter.

10. The method (300) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more control devices is one of: a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) device, a Distributed Control System (DCS) device or a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) device.

11. A system (102) for configuring control devices using a Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID), comprising: a processor (204); and a memory (206), wherein the memory (206) stores processor-executable instructions, which, on execution, cause the processor (204) to: import a P&ID file (106); digitize the P&ID file (106), wherein the processor (204) configured to digitize the P&ID file (106) is configured to: identify using an artificial intelligence model (104) one or more symbols in the P&ID file (106), indicating one or more Input-Output (I / O) devices; identify one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols by comparing coordinates of the one or more texts with coordinates of the one or more symbols; and identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search; generate an I / O list comprising of the one or more I / O devices based on the identified one or more symbols, the identified one or more texts and the identified one or more connections; and generate a recommendation list comprising one or more control devices to add to the P&ID file (106) to arrive at functionality achieved by configuration of the one or more I / O devices in the P&ID file (106), based on the I / O list.

12. The system (102) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (204) configured to identify one or more symbols is configured to:train the artificial intelligence model (104) using data of a plurality of symbols defined in a plurality of P&IDs from a first database (108), wherein the artificial intelligence model (104) is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model.

13. The system (102) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (204) configured to identify one or more connections between the one or more symbols using graph search is configured to: preprocess the P&ID file (106) to reduce thickness of lines representing the one or more connections; apply an edge filter to the P&ID file (106); apply a graph search process to the P&ID file (106), starting from each of identified one or more symbols; trace at least one dark pixel from a perimeter of the one or more symbols; and update a direction and an index of the at least one dark pixel in an array till the graph search process reaches at least one of the one or more symbols.

14. The system (102) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the processor (204) configured to trace is configured to: continue to trace in the direction of a previous pixel for a predetermined number of pixels to detect a new line representing a connection, when there is break in the lines representing the one or more connections.

15. The system (102) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the processor (204) configured to trace is configured to: continue to trace in the direction of a previous pixel, when there is a bent crossover in the lines representing the one or more connections, wherein the bent crossover is detected when there are changes in X and Y coordinates of pixels.

16. The system (102) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the processor (204) configured to generate the I / O list is configured to: assign a reference number to the one or more symbols; generate I / O details of the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols; andgenerate I / O type for the one or more symbols from the one or more texts associated with the one or more symbols and based on the type of the one or more I / O devices.

17. The system (102) as claimed in claim 16, wherein the I / O type is one of an Analog Output (AO), an Analog Input (Al), a Digital Output (DO), or Digital Input (DI).

18. The system (102) as claimed in any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the recommendation list is generated based on number of input and output devices in the I / O list and based on the I / O details and the I / O type associated with the one or more symbols.

19. The system (102) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the one or more I / O devices is one of: a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator or a converter.

20. The system (102) as claimed in claim 11, wherein the one or more control devices is one of: a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) device, a Distributed Control System (DCS) device or a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) device.

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