Automatic transfer switch controller system

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic transfer switch controller system configured to alternate between a main power source and a secondary power source, the system comprising: • At least one first contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the main power source; • A first independent controller device, integrated within the electrical panel associated with the main power source, wherein said first controller is configured to control the first contactor based on the detection of operational status or failure of the main power source; • At least one second contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the secondary power source; • A second independent controller device connected to the secondary power source, wherein said second controller is configured to control the second contactor based on the detection of activation or failure of the main power source controller.

Description

[0001] AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH CONTROLLER SYSTEM

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention generally relates to automatic transfer switch controller system.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] With the increasing adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their ability to supply power back to the grid or home (V2L - Vehicle-to-Load), there is a growing need for efficient and safe systems that can switch between a home’s primary power source (utility grid) and the EV power source. This system allows homes to seamlessly transition to EV power during outages or high demand, ensuring continuity of electrical supply. The invention provides an automatic transfer switch controller that can detect the status of both the main power supply and the EV power source, enabling a smooth and secure changeover. The system is capable of handling multiple power sources, prioritizing the utility grid or EV power based on predefined schedules, manual inputs, or fault conditions. This innovation enhances the flexibility and resilience of home energy management systems while utilizing EVs as a reliable backup power source.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] The present invention provides an automatic transfer switch controller system configured to alternate between a main power source and a secondary power source, Secondary power source could be a generator, an electric vehicle (EV) (with AC or DC output), storage system ESS (energy storage system), or any similar devices, Main power source can be a utility power or any other power source the system comprising:

[0008] • At least one first contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the main power source;

[0009] • A first independent controller device, integrated within the electrical panel associated with the main power source, wherein said first controller is configured to control the first contactor based on the detection of operational status or failure of the main power source;

[0010] • At least one second contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the secondary power source;

[0011] A second independent controller device connected to the secondary power source, wherein said second controller is configured to control the second contactor based on the detection of activation or failure of the main power source controller.

[0012] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] In the following detailed description of various embodiments, reference is made to the following drawings that form a part thereof, and in which are shown by way of illustration specific embodiments by which the invention may be practiced, wherein:

[0014] Fig- 1 is a schematic block diagram of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Fig- 2 is a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Fig. 2A is a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel when connected to both Main

[0017] RCD and EVSE RCD in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Fig. 2B is a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel when connected to Main RCD Backed up RCD and EVSE RCD, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Fig- 3 is a schematic block diagram of the second controlling module in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Fig- 4 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase houses, a single-phase secondary power) and three (optionally two) phase bridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] According to the embodiment the house has a Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground protection (EV charger may be 3 (optionally 2) phase charge with single phase V2L

[0021] Fig- 5 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply with Isolated Terra ground protection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] According to the embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground protection (EV charger may be 3 phase charge with single phase V2L

[0023] Fig. 6 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and three phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; According to the embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground.

[0024] Fig- 7 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a single-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] According to the embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground.

[0026] Fig- 8 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply with 3 phase bridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] According to the embodiment, both the house and the secondary power supply has nonspecific protection.

[0028] Fig- 9 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] According to the embodiment, both the house and the secondary power supply has nonspecific protection.

[0030] Fig. 10 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and three phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; According to the embodiment, both the house and the secondary power supply has nonspecific protection.

[0031] Fig. 11 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a single-phase house and a single-phase secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] According to the embodiment, both the house and the secondary power supply has nonspecific protection.

[0033] Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within an EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 13 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within the EVSE using a single contactor for both charging and backup (V2L) supply

[0035] Figure 14 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within the EVSE using a single contactor and a single controller for both charging and backup (V2L) supply.

[0036] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0037] In the following detailed description of various embodiments, it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Fig. 1 is a general schematic block diagram of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 1 presents a detailed schematic block diagram of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system. This diagram illustrates the system architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] The invention describes an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system that includes two distinct controllers. The first controller, labelled as Controller A (20), is integrated into the electrical panel (2) of a household (1). The second controller, referred to as Controller B (30), is directly connected to a secondary power source (3), which could be a generator, an electric vehicle (EV), or any similar devices. Each controller functions independent from each other, based on different data collected by each controller.

[0040] The system is equipped with at least one primary contactor for managing the connection and disconnection of the main power source, and at least one secondary contactor (B32) dedicated to the secondary power source. Controller A (20) is specifically designed to manage the primary contactor, enabling it to switch based on the detection of the main power source's operational status or failure.

[0041] Controller B (30), associated with the secondary power source, is tasked with operating the secondary contactor (B32). This controller activates the contactor in response to changes in the status of the main power source, ensuring a smooth transition to the secondary power source when necessary.

[0042] Figure 2 provides a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel as designed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram highlights the integral components and their arrangement within the panel. The electrical panel is structured to include multiple key elements: Utility Power input, a Residual Current Device (RCD) (when applicable replaced by GFCI (7)), Controller Module A (8), and several Electrical Panel Breaker Switches (9) (when applicable replaced by GFCI). The Utility Power In components serve as the primary conduits for electricity from the utility service. The RCD / GFCI (7) is crucial for safety, providing protection by breaking the circuit in case of a detected ground current leakage, thus preventing electric shock or fire hazards. The Controller Module A (8) acts as the central operational unit within the panel, overseeing the functionality and coordination of the various switches and safety components.

[0043] Controller Module A (8) itself comprises several critical components: Contactor A (22), Controller A (20), Contactor C (23), Contactor D (24), and Resistor (26). The Contactor A (22) is responsible for making or breaking the connection to the power sources as directed. The contactor D (24) is responsible for connecting Resistor (26 between PE to N for signaling to Controller B (30) to disconnect.

[0044] The first independent controller device, Controller A (20), is specifically configured to manage Contactor A (22). It operates based on real-time monitoring of the main power supply's status. The controller is programmed to detect operational anomalies or failures, including checking for ground faults, which triggers the activation or deactivation of Contactor A to maintain system integrity and safety.

[0045] Fig. 2A illustrates a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel, featuring connections to both the Main Residual Current Device (RCD) and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) RCD(7B), ensuring proper fault protection and power management. The Main RCD 7 provides protection against faults and electric shock from the electrical loads, while the EVSE RCD 7B is responsible for detecting and preventing faults and electric shock from the electric vehicle charging circuit. When the system is powered from the EV, the electrical loads are protected by the Main RCD, and the EVSE RCD may add additional protection (for RCD types that are bidirectional such as Type A). This is in addition to protection that is inside the

[0046] EV and Controller B. This configuration ensures seamless integration of the electrical panel with both the primary utility grid and the secondary power source, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 2B presents a schematic block diagram of the electrical panel, configured with the Main Residual Current Device (RCD) 7A, a Backed-up RCD 7C, and an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) RCD 7B, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] This embodiment is suitable for cases where only part of the electrical panel is backed up, and a separated RCD is required for the electrical panel panels and the EVSE. It allows simultaneous supply of electricity from the utility to the non-backed-up parts of the electrical panel, and a secondary power supply to the backed-up power supply.

[0049] The Main RCD ensures protection against faults and electric shock originating from the non-backed up electrical loads, while the Backed-up RCD provides protections against faults and electric shock from the backup loads. The EVSE RCD is designed to detect faults and electric shock from the electric vehicle charging circuit.

[0050] When the system is powered from the EV, the backed up electrical loads are protected by the Backe up RCD, and the EVSE RCD may add additional protection (for RCD types that are bidirectional such as Type A). This is in addition to protection that is inside the EV and Controller B.

[0051] This configuration offers enhanced protection and fault detection, supporting seamless switching between the primary and secondary power sources

[0052] Figure 3 depicts a schematic block diagram of the second controlling module, showcasing its configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. This diagram illustrates the internal and external connections that facilitate the module’s operation within the broader electrical system.

[0053] The second controlling module, labelled Module B (10), includes key components such as Contactor B (32) and Controller B (30). This module is strategically interconnected within the electrical system, with one end connected to the household electricity outlet (4) (or part of the EVSE) and the other to a secondary power source (3), such as a generator, electric vehicle, or a secondary power supply. This setup allows Module B (10) to seamlessly integrate and manage power distribution between the household and the secondary source.

[0054] Controller B (30) is adapted in this configuration to oversee the operations of Contactor B (32). This controller actively monitors both the secondary power source (3) and the outlet power (4). for any changes in status or operational issues. It is programmed to detect a variety of operational anomalies or failures. Upon detecting such issues, Controller A (20) is responsible for either activating or deactivating Contactor B (32). This action is crucial for maintaining the overall integrity and safety of the electrical system, ensuring that power supply remains stable and secure, regardless of external or internal electrical faults.

[0055] Fig- 4 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and a single-phase secondary power and three phase bridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] According to the embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground protection (EV charger may be 3 phase charge with single phase V2L). The electrical automatic transfer switch controller system comprises two parts: the first part which is integrated in the housing electronic panel connected to the main power utility supply 5 and the second part connected to the secondary power supply. The two parts are interconnected indirectly through electrical wiring.

[0057] The first part is comprised of contactor and breaker A 22, contactor C 23, contactor D 24, Controller A 20 and resistor 26. Resistor 26 serves as notification to Controller B 30 to disconnect.

[0058] The second part is comprised of contactor B 32, and controller B 30.

[0059] The first independent controller device, Controller A (20), is specifically configured to manage Contactor A (22). It operates based on real-time monitoring of the main power supply's status. The controller is programmed to detect operational anomalies or failures, including checking for ground faults, which triggers the activation or deactivation of Contactor A to maintain system integrity and safety.

[0060] • Utility Supply (5): Represents the main electrical power supply from the utility company. It is connected to the electrical system at points LI, L2, L3 (phases), N (neutral), and optionally PE (protective earth).

[0061] • Connected at the Utility Side: This indicates the point of connection to the grid or main electrical supply.

[0062] • EV V2L / Generator Plug (6): Represents the vehicle electrical power supply. It is connected to the electrical system at points L(phase), N (neutral), and optionally PE (protective earth).

[0063] Controllers and Contactors

[0064] • Controller A (20): This device manages the operation of several contactors and is responsible for monitoring the utility power's status and switching to backup power if necessary. o Contactor + Breaker A (22): Used to connect or disconnect the utility power to the electrical panel. It includes a circuit breaker to protect against overloads. o Contactor C (+ optionally Breaker) (23) and Contactor D (24): Additional contactors controlled by Controller A o Resistor (26): This component is used to provide advance notification to Controller B before the connection of Contactor A (22).

[0065] • Interlock (40): An electrical safety feature for preventing contactor A and Contactor C from being engaged simultaneously, avoiding conflicts and potential hazards like short-circuit.

[0066] • Controller B (30): Manages the connection to a secondary power source such as a generator or an electric vehicle (EV) with vehicle-to-load (V2L) capabilities. o Contactor + Breaker B (32): Similar to Contactor A, this is used for connecting or disconnecting the backup power source. o EV V2L / Generator Plug: Connection point for plugging in a generator or an electric vehicle to supply power during an outage or when the main utility power is unavailable

[0067] The system is designed to automatically switch between the utility power and a backup power source in the event of a utility failure, ensuring practically uninterrupted power supply. Controller A primarily handles the utility side, detecting failures and managing power distribution under normal conditions. Controller B takes over when the backup power source needs to be engaged, controlling how and when it connects to the system.

[0068] Fig- 5 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply with Isolated Terra ground protection with three phase bridge contractors, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; According to this embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground protection (EV charger may be 3 phase charge with single phase V2L.

[0069] According to the embodiment the first part of the system includes only two contactors:

[0070] A22 and D 24, not using an interlock.

[0071] In the second part of the system the contactor B has only one pole for the single phase of the secondary power source.

[0072] Fig- 6 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and three phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; According to this embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground.

[0073] In the second part of the system the contactor B has three poles for the three phases of the secondary power source.

[0074] Fig- 7 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a single-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0075] According to this embodiment the house has Terra Neutral (TN) ground protection and the secondary power supply has Isolated Terra (IT) ground.

[0076] According to this embodiment the first part of the system includes only two contactors: A22 and D 24, not using an interlock.

[0077] In the first part of the system the contactor A has only one pole for the single phase of the main power source.

[0078] In the second part of the system the contactor B has only one pole for the single phase of the secondary power source.

[0079] Fig- 8 is a detailed block diagram illustration of an electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply with 3 phase bridge, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0080] According to this embodiment the house has nonspecific protection and the secondary power supply has any protection ground. According to this embodiment is provided an interlock between contactor C and the contactor A not requiring a resistor.

[0081] Fig- 9 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0082] According to this embodiment both the house and the secondary power supply have nonspecific protection.

[0083] According to this embodiment the first part has only one contactor A with no resistor.

[0084] In the second part of the system the contactor B has only one pole for the single phase of the secondary power source.

[0085] Fig. 10 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a three (optionally two)-phase house and three phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0086] According to this embodiment both the house and the secondary power supply have nonspecific protection.

[0087] According to this embodiment the first part has only one contactor A with no resistor.

[0088] In the first part of the system the contactor B has two poles for the single phase of the secondary power source.

[0089] In the second part of the system the contactor B has three poles for the three phases of the secondary power source. Fig. 11 is a detailed block diagram illustration of electrical automatic transfer switch controller system for a one-phase house and single phase for secondary power supply, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] According to this embodiment both the house and the secondary power supply have nonspecific protection.

[0091] In the second part of the system the contactor B has only one pole for the single phase of the secondary power source.

[0092] Logic:

[0093] Power Supply and Initial Setup

[0094] Power to Controller A is supplied by Utility Power. This controller is responsible for measuring voltages from both the utility power and the backed-up power sources.

[0095] Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within an EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) system, utilizing two contactors: one for standard charging and one for backup (V2L) supply.

[0096] This embodiment refers to three phase houses with any type of protection and Single-phase secondary supply with any type of protection

[0097] Contactor B (34) is the V2L supply contactor and activated by Controller B (30), which is the controller introduced by this invention, while EVSE contactor 40 is activated by the

[0098] existing EVSE controller B may be implemented as a separate unit, an add-on module for the EVSE, or integrated into the existing EVSE controller.

[0099] Three power supply configurations are possible:

[0100] 1. The EVSE controller is powered by the EVSE voltage input, while Controller B is powered by the vehicle's V2L (Vehicle-to-Load) supply.

[0101] 2. A dual power supply setup, drawing power from both the EVSE voltage input and the V2L supply.

[0102] 3. A backup power supply using a rechargeable battery or capacitor.

[0103] Contactor 44 is a Normally Closed (NC) contactor. When utility power is lost, it connects Resistor 42 to activate the vehicle’s V2L function. The RC signal is managed by an NC contactor inside Controller B (30), which is powered by line voltage (LI) from the utility supply. When utility power is present and Controller B is inactive, Resistor 42 is disconnected, allowing normal EVSE operation. However, when V2L power is available, the RC contactor is deactivated, and even if utility voltage is present, Resistor 42 remains connected — since the voltage is sourced from the V2L and not from the utility.

[0104] The value of Resistor 42 varies depending on the specific vehicle and can be configured by the user via DIP switches or other remotely / manually methods

[0105] Contactor 42 may also be used to connect or disconnect other signals necessary for V2L operation, such as the connection between the PE (Protective Earth) and N (Neutral) terminals, or for some EVs that requires another resistor connected to CP signal. In such cases Contactor 44 will have two poles.

[0106] An optional communication interface between the EVSE controller and Controller B (30) is provided to ensure safe operation and prevent simultaneous activation of both power sources.

[0107] Figure 13 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within the EVSE using a single contactor for both charging and backup (V2L) supply. In this configuration, Contactor B (34) is controlled using OR logic, meaning it is activated when either Controller B (30) or the EVSE controller provides an "ON" signal.

[0108] This embodiment refers to three phase houses with any type of protection and Single-phase secondary supply with any type of protection

[0109] Figure 14 illustrates an embodiment of the invention implemented within the EVSE using a one or more contactors and a single controller for both charging and backup (V2L) supply. In this configuration, the combined controller is supplied from a dual source power supply - from the utility power supply and from the V2L supply.

[0110] This embodiment refers to any number of phases houses with any type of protection and any number of phases secondary supply with any type of protection

[0111] Initial Setup

[0112] Activation Process: During the initial setup (before the first operation), Controller A verifies the existence of minimal resistance between the Neutral and Ground conductors, as expected in TN networks. Mode Activation: If the minimal resistance exists, TN7IT mode is activated. This verification process can be automatic or performed manually by the installation technician.

[0113] Operation

[0114] Disruption Handling

[0115] • Utility Power Disruption: When utility power is disrupted (fully or partially, based on user preferences such as whether the loss of one phase out of three is acceptable), Controller A disconnects the "on" signal to Contactor A.

[0116] • Scheduled and Manual Secondary Power Activation: The transition to the secondary power source can be initiated either manually or through a predefined schedule. This can be done via the Controller A button, input from an external device, software settings, or any other suitable method. If necessary, the command may prioritize the secondary power source, making it the preferred source. If the secondary power source is off, the system may either revert to the primary power source, remain in secondary power mode, or use another method depending on factors such as the number of operations, their duration, and other predefined parameters.

[0117] • Fail-Safe Mechanism: The "on" signal is designed so that if the power to Controller A is off, the signal will also be "off." This ensures that Controller A only needs to be supplied with Utility Power.

[0118] Three (optionally two)-Phase Network Considerations

[0119] • Three (optionally two)-Phase to Single-Phase Transition: If the network is three (optionally two)-phase and the backup power is single-phase, an optional Contactor C can short the three (optionally two) phases to supply power to all circuits. o Three Phase (optionally two) Load Handling: In this case, three - (optionally two) phase loads may need to be wired out of the scope of the backed-up power (before Contactor A) or protected by a separate protection device.

[0120] Changeover Process

[0121] • Voltage Verification: When Controller A measures acceptable voltages from both the Utility Power and the backed-up power and is producing an "off1signal to Contactor A, it initiates the changeover process.

[0122] • Changeover Sequence:

[0123] 1. Activation of Contactor D: This causes Controller B to disconnect the power.

[0124] 2. Voltage Sensing: Controller A, then senses only the utility power and can safely activate Contactor A.

[0125] • Delay Implementation: An adequate delay is applied before each connection and disconnection to ensure safety and stability. Safety Features

[0126] • Circuit Breaker: A standard circuit breaker should be installed before Controller A. This can be the existing main breaker or an additional one. It ensures that in case of any failure, the breaker will trip.

[0127] • Additional Protection: For enhanced protection, additional link between the two Controllers can be added. This link provides an additional layer of safety and is described in the "Non-TN / IT Mode" paragraph.

[0128] Controller B

[0129] Power Supply and Initial Setup:

[0130] Power to Controller B is supplied from Secondary Power. This controller is responsible for measuring voltages from both the secondary power and the backed-up power sources.

[0131] Initial Setup

[0132] • Activation Process: During the initial setup (before the first operation), Controller B verifies the resistance between the Neutral and Ground conductors as expected in TN networks.

[0133] • Mode Activation: If the resistance is below a predefined threshold, Controller B activates the TN / IT mode. This verification process can be automatic or performed manually by the installation technician.

[0134] Operation

[0135] Power Disruption Handling:

[0136] • Backup Power Interruption: When the backup power is interrupted and the secondary power is off, Controller B may start the secondary power. o Backup Battery Option: Controller B may have a backup battery, or it may use an NC contactor controlled by both Controller B and the backup power. This setup ensures automatic activation when the power is off and continuous operation when Controller B wakes up and connects Contactor B. o Manual Activation: Alternatively, the secondary power may be started and / or connected manually upon a power outage.

[0137] Resistance Measurement and Safety

[0138] • Initial Measurement: Once the secondary power is on, Controller B measures the resistance between Neutral and Ground. If the resistance is above a predefined threshold, Controller B connects the "on" signal to Contactor B.

[0139] • Continuous Monitoring: During backup power mode, Contactor B continuously measures the resistance between the Neutral and Ground. o Safety Disconnection: If the resistance drops below a predefined threshold, Contactor B disconnects. This could indicate a safety issue, as required in IT networks, or signal that Controller A is about to resume Utility Power. o Timing of Measurement: The measurement timing should be fast enough to protect against electric shock, similar to RCD / GFCI timeouts. A separate RCD / GFCI may be added if required. o

[0140] • Delay Implementation: An adequate delay is applied before each connection and disconnection to ensure safety and stability.

[0141] Integration with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE)

[0142] • EVSE Integration: Controller B may be part of EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment). In this setup, Contactor B is part of the EVSE, and Controller B is part of the EVSE control.

[0143] • Additional Hardware: The only additional hardware needed is the capability to measure Neutral to Ground resistance and control logic to activate the V2L (Vehicle- to-Load) function.

[0144] • According to some embodiments of the present invention when implementing EVSE it is suggested to use the same cable to car Plug for both Charging and V2L.

[0145] • According to some embodiments of the present invention the Configuration: of controller B can be implemented as a device / PCB as add on to existing EVSE and communicate to it via I2C or any other method of communication. While the EVSE is powered by Main AC, the controller B will be powered by EV V2L or using dual source power supply.

[0146] • According to some embodiments of the present invention the Configuration: of controller B can be implemented as a unified electric board for both EV and V2L controller. The board may be powered by EV V2L and Main AC i.e. dual source power supply.

[0147] • EV Model-Specific Signaling: The Controller BZEVSE can be configured remotely or during installation to accommodate different EV signaling, such as resistor values on the pilot (PP) pin, for the V2L (Vehicle-to-Load) option.

[0148] Additional Safety Features:

[0149] • Circuit Breaker: A 2-, 3- or 4-pole circuit breaker (for single / two / three-phase networks) should be installed before Controller B. This ensures that in case of any failure, the breaker will trip.

[0150] • Additional Protection: For enhanced protection, an additional link between the two Controllers can be added. This link provides an additional layer of safety and is described in the "Non-TN / IT Mode" paragraph.

[0151] Non-TN / IT Mode

[0152] When the TN / IT Mode cannot be implemented or when an additional layer of protection is required, an interlock mechanism between the two controllers and / or the two contactors is added. Multiple interlock mechanisms can be implemented simultaneously for enhanced safety and reliability.

[0153] Messaging and Interlock Mechanism Options

[0154] 1. Signaling Using Additional Phases in a 3 -Phase System o Single-Phase Secondary Power Source: When the power is sourced from a single-phase secondary power source in a 3 -(optionally 2) phase system, signaling can be achieved using the second and / or third phase. o Methods of Signaling: ■ Voltage or Signal Transmission: Utilize voltages or other signals on these wires to communicate between the controllers.

[0155] ■ Contactor C Disconnection: In modes such as illustrated in Fig. 4 and Fig. 8, signaling can be achieved by disconnecting Contactor, which serves to shorten the phases together.

[0156] ■ Example: When Controller A senses that Primary Power is back, it disconnects Contactor C. In response, Controller B can sense this disconnection and subsequently deactivate the secondary power source

[0157] 2. Physical Wiring Interlock o Direct Interlock Wiring: Create a physical interlock between the contactors using direct wiring. This ensures that the contactors cannot operate simultaneously in a manner that would cause unsafe conditions.

[0158] 3. Communication Link Between Controllers o Physical Communication: Implement a wired communication link such as Ethernet or RS-232 / RS-485 between the controllers. o Wireless Communication: Use wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or Bluetooth for communication links. o Power Line Communication (PLC): Utilize existing power lines to transmit data between the controllers. o Fail-Safe Design: Ensure that the communication link is fail-safe. At least one controller should have a backup battery or o a resistor between the controllers, or a mechanism for selectively connecting or disconnecting the three-phase connections, specifically for controlling the connection and disconnection of the three phases. o the Signaling between controller A to B is implemented using Radio signaling.,

[0159] • Multiple Implementations: The interlock mechanism can be implemented more than once for redundancy. For example, a system might use both a physical wiring interlock and a wireless communication link for added safety. The controllers may be any processing system including internal or external memory and digital outputs for driving the contactor unit. Typically, the controller may also include analog- to-digital (A / D) inputs for receiving the external signals.

[0160] Data storage media, or computer-readable media, may refer to any medium that participates in providing data (e.g., instructions) that may be read by a processor. Such media may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Formats described for storing data may include other formats, including tables, relational databases, object-based models and / or distributed databases. In addition, the data may be stored locally or remotely from a device which accesses the data. Software may be tangibly embodied in an information carrier, such as a machine-readable storage device or in a propagated signal, for execution by, or to control the operation of, data processing apparatus, such as a programmable processor or computer, or deployed to be executed on multiple computers at one site or distributed across multiple sites. Method steps associated with the system and process can be rearranged and / or one or more such steps can be omitted to achieve the same, or similar, results to those described herein. It is to be understood that the embodiments described hereinabove are cited by way of example, and that the present invention is not limited to what has been particularly shown and described hereinabove. Rather, the scope of the present invention includes variations and modifications thereof which would occur to persons skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description and which are not disclosed in the prior art. Changes and modifications, which do not depart from the teachings of the present invention, will be evident to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are within the purview of the present invention and the appended claims.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An automatic transfer switch controller system configured to alternate between a main power source and a secondary power source, the system comprising:• at least one first controller module, integrated within the electrical panel associated with the main power source, comprising: o At least one first contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the main power source; o A first independent controller device wherein said first controller is configured to control the first contactor based on the detection of operational status or failure of the main power source;• at least one second controller module connected to the secondary power source, comprising o At least one second contactor for selectively connecting or disconnecting the secondary power source; o A second independent controller device wherein said second independent controller is configured to control the second contactor based on the detection of activation or failure of the main power source controller.

2. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the first controller Module further comprised of: two additional contactor and a resistor, wherein, the contactor is configured for connecting Resistor between PE to N for signaling to Controller B (30) to disconnect the connection of the secondary power sources as directed.

3. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the second controlling module is strategically interconnected within the electrical system, with one end connected to the household electricity outlet and the other to a secondary power source to seamlessly integrate and manage power distribution between the household and the secondary source.

4. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the second controller actively monitors both the secondary power source and the outlet power for any changes in status or operational issue, wherein the second controller is programmed to detect a variety of operational anomalies or failures, wherein upon detecting anomalies or failures the second controller s responsible for either activating or deactivating the second contactor.

5. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1 further comprising at least one interlock between at least two contractors within the first controlling module, wherein the interlock is configured for preventing contactors from being engaged simultaneously, avoiding conflicts and potential hazards like short-circuit.

6. The automatic transfer switch controller system, wherein the two controlling modules are interconnected indirectly through house electrical wiring7. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein at least one power source is single phase.

8. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein at least one power source is three phases.

9. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the controller modules are implemented within an EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) system, utilizing two contactors: one for standard charging and one for backup (V2L) supply.

10. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the controller modules are implemented within an EVSE (Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment) system, utilizing a single contactor: controlled using OR logic, activated when either the second controller or the EVSE controller provides an "ON" signal.

11. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, configured to EVSE implementation comprising at least one cable with car Plug for both Charging and V2L.

12. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, configured to EVSE Implementation, enabling to control different PP signaling and or resistors values for Signaling Car to supply V2L, for supporting different Car manufacturers resistors value13. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controllers is implemented using Radio signaling,14. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controllers is implemented using Power Line Communication (PLC).

15. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between controller is implemented using Signaling Using Additional Phases in a 3- Phase System16. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controllers is implemented using voltages or other signals on these wires to communicate between the controllers.

17. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controllers is implemented by disconnecting contactor, which serves to short the phases together18. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controllers is implemented by a physical interlock between the contactors using direct wiring19. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controller is implemented by wired communication link.

20. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the Signaling between the controller is implemented by wireless communication link.

21. The automatic transfer switch controller system of claim 1, wherein the main power source is of a household and the secondary power source is at least one of: generator, an Energy Storage System (ESS), an electric vehicle (EV),

Images