Wind or hydroelectric power plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind or hydroelectric power plant (1) comprising a housing (2), a turbine and a generator (4) driven by the turbine, wherein the housing (2) has an inlet opening (12) for the wind or the water to flow into the turbine and an outlet opening (15) for the wind or the water to flow out from the turbine, wherein the housing (2) has a flow-conducting housing part, designed as a wind or water receiving surface (10), in order to compress the air and to increase the wind or water velocity used for driving the turbine, and wherein the entire turbine is arranged within the housing (2), and wherein the turbine is in the form of a worm shaft (20). It is essential here for inlet wings (11) to be formed on the housing (2), in order to adjust the size of the inlet opening (12).

Description

[0001] Wind or hydroelectric power plant

[0002] The invention relates to a wind or hydropower plant with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for generating energy with the features of the preamble of claim 19.

[0003] Wind turbines for generating electricity are already well-known. The most common horizontal type has three rotor blades arranged on a horizontal axis at a height of up to 160 meters, driving a generator. The rotor blades are up to 120 meters long, with the outer section rotating rapidly around the axis, causing drag turbulence and constant noise. The energy input of the wind turbine is controlled by adjusting the angle of the rotor blades to the wind, with the wind hitting the blades parallel to the generator axis for optimal efficiency. Furthermore, the tower on which such a wind turbine is installed also presents a challenge, as the airflow is slowed down immediately in front of the tower, resulting in significant variations in pressure on the rotor blades in this area.

[0004] Vertical-axis wind turbines with a so-called Savonius rotor are also known. These wind turbines have two or more blade-shaped, overlapping blades that are stretched along the axis of rotation and mounted between a base and a cover. In these types of wind turbines, the rotating elements are also freely accessible to convert the wind flow into electrical energy.

[0005] Due to their freely accessible moving parts, conventional wind turbines can only be installed in appropriately secured environments. Furthermore, conventional wind turbines also exhibit a certain degree of noise generation from the wind flowing around the rotor blades or the Savonius rotor, which is a disadvantage.

[0006] Hydropower plants utilize Kaplan, Francis, or Pelton turbines to generate energy from water. In Kaplan turbines, the water is fed in parallel to the turbine's axis of rotation. Francis and Pelton turbines, on the other hand, direct the water tangentially onto the turbine blades to drive them. Water screws are also known, in which water introduced at the screw's upper inlet and gravity set the turbine in motion.

[0007] A device that can be used for electricity generation both as a wind turbine and as a hydroelectric power plant is not known.

[0008] The object of the present invention is to create a wind or hydropower plant which is structurally simple, has a large receiving area with a small turbine diameter, offers increased safety compared to known plants, and solves the aforementioned problems.

[0009] This problem is solved according to the invention by a wind or water power plant with the features of claim 1.

[0010] According to the invention, a wind or water power plant is provided, comprising a housing, a turbine and a generator driven by the turbine, wherein the housing has an inlet opening for the wind or water to flow into the turbine and an outlet opening for the wind or water to flow out of the turbine.

[0011] The essential feature is that the casing has a flow-guiding casing part designed as a wind or water intake surface to compress the air and increase the wind or water speed used to drive the turbine, and that the turbine is arranged completely inside the casing, and that the turbine is designed as a worm shaft.

[0012] A screw shaft according to the present invention is a shaft with at least one helical winding for conveying water or air through the housing from the inlet opening to the outlet opening. The screw shaft can, for example, have a shaft on whose outer surface the at least one helical winding is formed.

[0013] The flow-guiding housing component offers the advantage of an increased wind or water absorption area that extends beyond the turbine's dimensions, thus enabling higher energy generation. Furthermore, this wind or water absorption area is not a rotating component, thereby increasing the system's safety and eliminating noise generation.

[0014] The complete housing of the turbine within the casing offers the advantage of a safer and quieter wind or hydropower plant. The rotating components are shielded from the environment by the casing. Furthermore, the turbine's complete housing provides greater stability, making the wind or hydropower plant less prone to malfunctions and requiring less maintenance. This also allows for the use of higher wind or water velocities for energy generation. The turbine's design as a worm gear further contributes to high energy efficiency. Additionally, the use of a worm gear allows for the utilization of higher wind speeds and pressures to drive the turbine, as its design makes it more stable than conventional rotor blades and—as previously described—it features bearings on both sides.A further advantage of the housing design is that the flow is introduced in the form of a hyperbolic spiral immediately before it enters the turbine. This concentrates the accelerated and / or compressed flow onto the outer surfaces of the worm shaft, resulting in concentrated jet spraying. This leads to a significantly higher torque. The combination of the flow-guiding housing with the use of the turbine as the worm shaft is particularly advantageous, as it allows the energy of the accelerated and compressed air to be converted into electrical energy with high efficiency by the stable turbine.

[0015] It can be provided that the flow-guiding housing part has a concave surface in a first region, starting from a housing tip. It can be provided that the flow is received largely tangentially in the region of the housing tip. Preferably, it is provided that the flow-guiding housing part has a convex surface in a second region, which connects to the concave surface with a continuous curvature transition. It can also be provided that the convex surface transitions into the inlet opening with a continuous or at least tangential curvature transition.The advantage of this special form of wind guidance in both areas is the efficient collection of wind or water to increase the wind or water volume and wind or water flow velocity, while simultaneously reducing turbulence and disturbance in the area of ​​the inlet opening through the concave surface design and the continuous curvature transitions.

[0016] This allows the entire front housing surface to be used as a wind-absorbing surface to drive the turbine.

[0017] It can be provided that the flow-guiding housing part is designed to face against the direction of wind or water flow, particularly towards windward. "Against the direction" preferably means that the flow-guiding housing part is located in the front region of the housing, i.e., in the area that first comes into contact with the wind or water. This allows the flow-guiding housing part to be used to increase the wind or water volume and flow velocity used to drive the turbine.

[0018] It can be provided that a second flow-guiding housing section is designed with the direction of wind or water flow, particularly pointing downwind. "Direction" here preferably means that the flow-guiding housing section is located in the rear area of ​​the housing, i.e., in the area that comes into contact with the wind or water last. This reduces turbulence caused by the wind or water flowing around the housing. This is particularly advantageous when the inlet opening is closed, for example, during maintenance of the system, as this results in very little turbulence from the system.

[0019] The housing can be designed symmetrically, preferably with mirror symmetry in the horizontal and / or vertical direction. Preferably, with mirror symmetry in the horizontal direction, this means that two flow-guiding housing parts are symmetrical to each other and one above the other in the front region of the housing. With mirror symmetry in the vertical direction, this means that two flow-guiding housing parts are symmetrical to each other and adjacent to each other in the front region of the housing. Advantageously, the symmetrical design of the housing results in increased energy yield when two turbines in the wind or hydropower plant are also designed symmetrically, as well as improved flow characteristics within the housing.

[0020] A wind turbine housing can be designed to be either rotatable or fixed to a tower or a flat surface, such as a building roof. The advantage of a rotatable design is that the wind turbine can be steered to follow the wind direction. The advantage of a fixed mounting is that, under mostly consistent wind conditions, a very stable installation is possible without requiring much space, and larger turbine sizes can be used.

[0021] For a hydropower plant, the casing may be designed to be connectable to an inlet and / or outlet. This allows water from a reservoir to be fed directly into the hydropower plant, with the design of the casing's flow-guiding section increasing the water flow velocity. Similarly, an outlet allows the water to be discharged from the hydropower plant.

[0022] It can be designed so that the turbine's wind or water intake is perpendicular or orthogonal to its axis of rotation. This means, in particular, that the wind or water is fed to the screw shaft laterally, unlike a water screw turbine where the intake and discharge of water occur at the respective ends. The advantage of this is that the larger intake area of ​​the turbine allows the wind or water to be used more efficiently to drive the turbine, thus enabling higher energy generation. It can also be designed so that the turbine's wind or water intake is perpendicular or orthogonal to its axis of rotation along its entire length. This allows all the wind or water, which is compressed and / or accelerated by the flow-guiding casing, to be used to drive the turbine.

[0023] Preferably, the turbine's wind or water intake can be arranged perpendicular or orthogonal to its axis of rotation, but only over a portion of its longitudinal extent. In this arrangement, the wind or water that would otherwise strike the turbine at the outlet opening can be diverted to a section located away from the outlet opening, thus enabling the turbine to drive a longer portion of its length. This increases energy production.

[0024] It can be designed so that the wind or water discharge from the turbine occurs parallel to the turbine's axis of rotation. This means that the wind or water is discharged at one end of the screw shaft while rotating. A discharge parallel to the axis of rotation means that the air or water is directed away from the screw shaft in the direction of a hypothetically extended axis of rotation. This ensures high energy yield by directing the wind or water through the entire turbine.

[0025] The vertical intake and simultaneous parallel discharge of wind or water advantageously results in a highly efficient conversion of the kinetic energy of the wind or water into electrical energy, since the wind or water, depending on the intake point, is used for energy generation up to the end of the screw shaft and does not flow through the turbine unused. In particular, the turbine can be arranged vertically or horizontally within the housing. Depending on the turbine's orientation, the inlet opening in the housing and the flow-guiding housing section is designed vertically or horizontally to direct the wind or water directly onto the turbine. "Vertical" and "horizontal" here refer to a horizontal or vertical arrangement within the housing. This allows the turbine to be positioned within the housing according to the specific requirements of the wind or hydropower plant.For example, a horizontal arrangement is advantageous for a wind turbine on a rooftop, as the turbine can be designed with a shorter height but a wider width and a long turbine for high energy yield. Conversely, a vertical design is advantageous for a wind turbine on a tower, as this allows for a symmetrical configuration with two turbines side by side.

[0026] It is possible to arrange a turbine within the housing. The advantage of this design is that only one flow-guiding housing section and one inlet opening are required, resulting in a very stable and very compact, or optionally larger, wind or hydropower plant.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, two or more turbines can be arranged in the housing. The two turbines can be arranged parallel to each other within the housing. Preferably, the two turbines rotate in opposite directions within the housing. For this purpose, the housing of the wind or hydroelectric power plant can be symmetrically designed. This results in a very stable and low-vibration design for the hydroelectric or wind power plant, especially when the two turbines are arranged in opposite directions within the housing. The worm shaft can be designed as a shaft with one or more helical turns, preferably with three or more helical turns. The advantage of three or more helical turns is that manufacturing-related imbalances can be easily compensated for.The helical windings are arranged spirally around the shaft in an axial direction. The worm shaft can also be simply described as a worm with a shaft. The helical windings can also be referred to as worm gears. Multiple helical windings can be understood to mean two, three, four, five, or more. The multiple helical windings improve efficiency, while simultaneously reducing noise emissions and increasing the turbine's stability.

[0028] The one or more helical windings are preferably formed on an outer surface of the shaft.

[0029] It can be provided that the one or more helical turns, preferably the one or more worm gear turns, have a constant pitch. The pitch can be formed at a constant angle between 10° and 45°. This allows the worm shaft to be manufactured in a simple manner.

[0030] It can be provided that the one or more helical turns, preferably the one or more screw turns, are / are formed with an increasing angle at the outlet opening, preferably with an increasing angle. An increasing angle means that the distance between two superimposed turns of a screw turn increases. This results in a larger receiving area between the screw turns in the direction of the outlet. The pitch can be formed at an increasing angle between 10° and 45°.The increasing angle of the screw conveyor allows the additional wind or water intake near the outlet to be effectively used to drive the turbine, despite the discharge of wind or water that is already driving the turbine in the lower section and is transported towards the outlet by the screw conveyor. This allows for the introduction of fresh air or water at any point along the turbine's length. As a result, the wind or water can be used effectively along the entire length of the turbine, leading to increased energy production. Furthermore, this design provides an increasing volume of wind or water as it decelerates towards the outlet.

[0031] It can be designed so that the worm shaft has a constant diameter along its length. This makes the worm shaft easy to manufacture.

[0032] The screw shaft can be designed with a conical shape and a diameter that decreases towards the outlet. This results in an increased intake area per helix section towards the outlet, allowing for the supply of fresh air or water at any point along the turbine's length. This means that the additional wind or water intake near the outlet can also be effectively used to drive the turbine, despite the discharge of wind or water that already drives the turbine in the lower section and is transported towards the outlet by the screw helix. In a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the screw helix can increase towards the shaft. This strengthens the screw helix, enabling the turbine to handle larger volumes or velocities of air or water.At the same time, the worm shaft is more stable, which contributes to reduced noise.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the worm shaft has a concentrically shaped cavity in which an inner turbine with an inner worm shaft is arranged, wherein the inner turbine is fluidically connected to the outlet opening, wherein the housing further comprises a base plate, the base plate being arranged on one side of the inner turbine opposite the outlet opening, and wherein the base plate has a recess designed to redirect an airflow from the inner turbine into the worm shaft. This allows the suction vortices generated at the outlet opening to be conveyed back to the turbine by the inner turbine and thus reused for energy generation.

[0034] Preferably, the inner screw shaft has a direction of rotation that is opposite to the direction of rotation of the screw shaft. This ensures that the suction vortices generated by the inner turbine do not slow down the system, but actively contribute to energy production.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the inner worm shaft has one or more helical turns, preferably three, four, five, or more. The helical turns of the inner worm shaft can also be referred to as inner worm coils. It can be provided that the one or more inner worm coils have a constant pitch. The pitch can be formed at a constant angle between 10° and 90°. This allows the worm shaft to be manufactured in a simple manner.

[0036] According to one embodiment, the one or more turns of the inner worm shaft have a slope increasing in the direction of the base plate.

[0037] The term "increasing angle" refers to the increasing distance between two superimposed turns of an inner screw helix. This results in a larger intake area between the inner screw helixes in the direction of the base plate. The pitch can be formed at an increasing angle between 10° and 45°, and may be configured to be between 60° and 90°, preferably between 70° and 90°, and particularly preferably between 80° and 90°, in a region near the trough. The increasing angle of the screw helix allows the additional wind or water intake in the trough area to be more effectively reversed in the direction of rotation and thus used more efficiently to drive the turbine.

[0038] It can be designed so that the inner worm shaft has a constant diameter along its length. This makes the inner worm shaft easy to manufacture.

[0039] It can be provided that the worm shaft is rotatably mounted at both ends in the housing. This results in a particularly stable and low-maintenance bearing arrangement. The double-sided support of the turbine shaft in the housing reduces bearing wear. Additionally, such a bearing arrangement allows for the use of larger volumes and velocities of air or water, as well as smoother operation. According to the invention, inlet vanes are formed on the housing for adjusting the size of the inlet opening. Preferably, the inlet vanes are designed as movable flaps. This allows the injection of wind or water into the turbine to be controlled. The advantage of this is that the position or orientation of the rotating element, i.e.,The turbine's operation is not altered by varying wind or water conditions; rather, the energy production of the wind or hydropower plant is controlled via the inlet vane. This allows the wind turbine to operate even at high wind speeds or during storms, as the inlet vanes can be controlled to remain open only slightly. Complete closure of the inlet opening, for example for maintenance work, is also possible.

[0040] The inlet vanes can be designed with a concave inner surface, preferably with a continuous curvature transitioning smoothly into the inlet opening. This concave design can create a continuous reduction in the size of the inlet opening, further accelerating the wind or water flow. The concave design allows additional wind or water, beyond that collected by the flow-guiding housing section, to be accelerated towards the inlet opening. Advantageously, this specific inlet vane shape enables efficient wind or water collection, increasing both the wind or water volume and flow velocity, while simultaneously minimizing turbulence at the inlet opening due to the continuous curvature. This further increases the wind or water capture area and velocity.The inlet vanes can be designed to be controllable via one or more motors, preferably servo motors. This allows for control of the wind or hydropower plant that can be adapted to the respective environmental conditions or for maintenance work. The position of the inlet vanes can be controlled by the system or automatically adjusted depending on the environmental conditions.

[0041] The outlet opening may be designed to have a wind- or water-carrying outlet, which redirects the wind or water from the direction parallel to the turbine axis back into the original wind or water direction. The original wind or water direction is understood to be the direction in which the wind or water strikes the flow-conducting casing part.

[0042] The wind- or water-carrying outlet can be designed in the form of a screw with a continuously rotating guide and continuous enlargement. Alternatively, the wind- or water-carrying outlet can be designed in the form of a garden snail shell. This advantageously results in a deceleration of the water or wind and a release of the wind from the turbine, while simultaneously redirecting it.

[0043] In particular, a void can be provided between the spiral-shaped outlet and the turbine. This distance or void can prevent whipping noises.

[0044] The wind or water power plant, or its housing, can be designed to have a size between 0.2 meters and up to 20 meters, particularly an edge length between 0.2 meters and up to 20 meters. The wind or water power plant according to the invention is advantageous because, due to the arrangement of the turbine within the housing, it generates minimal vibrations and is very stable. It is also advantageous that the flow-guiding housing element allows for smaller designs while simultaneously achieving good energy yield, as the wind or water is collected and accelerated by the housing. These smaller versions can, for example, be effectively used for energy generation on a housing roof.

[0045] The housing can be made of metal, such as steel or aluminum, plastic, or fiberglass-reinforced material. The material can be adapted to the size of the system.

[0046] The wind or hydropower plant may be equipped with a generator, preferably one generator per turbine. The generator may be located on the outside of the housing, or the housing may have a designated space for the generator. Preferably, the generator is directly connected to the turbine shaft.

[0047] Furthermore, the problem is solved according to the invention by a method for generating energy with a wind or hydropower plant having the features of claim 19.

[0048] According to the invention, a method for generating energy with a wind or water power plant is proposed, comprising the following steps: i) collecting and accelerating the wind or water through a flow-guiding housing part of the wind or water power plant; ii) driving a screw shaft by supplying the wind or water perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the screw shaft; iii) discharging the wind or water from the screw shaft parallel to the axis of rotation of the screw shaft; iv) redirecting the wind or water after the screw shaft in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the screw shaft;

[0049] The collection and acceleration of wind by the flow-guiding housing section results in an increased wind or water intake area that extends beyond the turbine's dimensions, thus enabling higher energy generation. Furthermore, the turbine's design as a screw-type turbine with the drive perpendicular to the screw's axis of rotation results in high energy efficiency. The combination of wind collection and acceleration with the feed perpendicular to the screw's axis of rotation is particularly advantageous, as it allows the energy of the accelerated and compressed air to be converted into electrical energy with high efficiency across the entire turbine surface.

[0050] Further embodiments of the invention are shown in the figures and described below. These include:

[0051] Fig. 1: Exploded view of an embodiment of a device according to the invention

[0052] Wind turbine;

[0053] Fig. 2: a schematic representation of the wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0054] Fig. 3: Front view of the wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0055] Fig. 4: Side view of the wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0056] Fig. 5: Top view of the wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0057] Fig. 6: Top view of the housing and the inlet wings of the

[0058] Wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0059] Fig. 7: Schematic representation of the housing and the inlet wings of the

[0060] Wind turbine from Fig. 1;

[0061] Figs. 8 to 10: Side view, top view and schematic representation of a turbine with rising screw drive; Figs. 11 to 13: Side view, top view and schematic representation of a turbine with rising screw drive and conical shaft;

[0062] Figs. 14 to 16: Front view, side view and top view of the outlet opening with spiral wind guide from Fig. 1;

[0063] Figs. 17 to 19: Side view of the outlet opening with spiral wind guide from Fig. 1 with the sectional views A - A and B - B;

[0064] Figs. 20 to 22: Top view, side view and front view of an inlet nozzle for the hydroelectric power plant according to the invention.

[0065] Figs. 23 to 25: Front view, side view and top view of a system according to a further embodiment;

[0066] Fig. 26: Sectional view along the section line CC of Fig. 24;

[0067] Fig. 27: Detail view B of Figure 26;

[0068] Figs. 28 to 31: Front view, side view, top view and perspective view of an outlet from Fig. 23;

[0069] Fig. 32: Sectional view along line AA of Fig. 30;

[0070] Figs. 33 to 35': Front view, top view and perspective view of a turbine from Fig. 26;

[0071] Fig. 36: Sectional view along line BB of Fig. 34;

[0072] Figs. 37 to 40: Front view, side view, top view and perspective view of a base plate from Fig. 23;

[0073] Fig. 41 : Sectional view along line AA of Fig. 39;

[0074] Fig. 42: Detail view B of Fig. 41 .

[0075] The embodiments shown in the figures are exemplary and should not be understood as limiting. Features functioning identically have been designated with the same reference symbols. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that, within the scope of their technical expertise and the application of the patent claims, they can combine the embodiments shown in the figures without infringing upon the scope of protection afforded by the claims.

[0076] Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a wind turbine 1 according to the invention with a housing 2 which is arranged on a tower 3 and has two generators 4.

[0077] In this embodiment, the housing 2 exhibits vertical mirror symmetry, with the housing 2, as a flow-guiding housing part, having several wind-collecting surfaces 10. These surfaces are configured in the front region of the wind turbine 1 facing against the wind direction and in the rear region of the wind turbine facing the wind direction W. The wind direction W is represented as an arrow in Fig. 1. "Against the direction" means that the flow-guiding housing part is configured in the front region of the housing, i.e., in the region that first comes into contact with the wind or water, in order to collect wind.

[0078] The wind-collecting surfaces 10 in the front area are designed with a concave surface in a first area, which transitions into a convex surface in a second area with a continuous curvature transition. In the front area, the wind-collecting surface 10 transitions into an inlet opening 12 of the housing 2, which directs the wind into a turbine intake 13. This means that the wind-collecting surface 10 in the front area is designed and configured to accelerate and compress the water or wind before it is directed into the turbine intake 13.

[0079] Due to the mirror-symmetrical design of the housing 2, two inlet openings 12 and two turbine mounts 13 are formed. To collect additional wind and to control the size of the inlet opening 12, two movable inlet vanes 11 are formed on the housing, which in this embodiment have a concave wind-collecting surface 10 on the inside, which transitions into the inlet opening 12 by means of a continuous curvature.

[0080] As further shown in Fig. 1, the wind turbine has two turbines in the form of worm shafts 20, which are arranged completely inside the housing 2 in the turbine receptacles 13 during operation.

[0081] For easier understanding of the wind turbine 1, Fig. 1 shows the housing 2 with a cover on which two outlets 14 are arranged for discharging and redirecting the wind from the turbine housing 13.

[0082] The wind-absorbing surfaces 10 in the rear area are designed with a convex surface in a first area, which transitions into a concave surface in a second area with a continuous curvature. This decelerates the water or wind in the rear area of ​​the wind-absorbing surface 10, thus preventing unwanted turbulence. This reduces the pull on the wind turbine 1.

[0083] Fig. 2 shows the wind turbine according to the invention of Fig. 1 in a schematic, oblique rear view. The wind turbine 1 is shown with the housing 2, which is arranged on the tower 3. As shown in Fig. 2, the auger shafts 20 are completely enclosed within the housing 2 during operation. As shown in Fig. 2, the wind, traveling in the direction W, strikes the housing 2 with the wind-receiving surfaces 10, is compressed and accelerated in the front area of ​​the housing 2, and is guided through the inlet vanes 11 into the inlet openings 12. The auger shafts 20 are driven within the housing 2, with the wind striking them perpendicular to the axis of rotation 23 of the auger shafts 20. The wind is then transferred parallel to the axis of rotation 23 of the auger shaft 20 into the outlet 14 with an outlet opening 15.

[0084] Figures 3 to 5 show the wind turbine according to the invention of Figures 1 and 2 in a front view (Fig. 3), side view (Fig. 4) and top view (Fig. 5). Here, identical reference numerals number identical components.

[0085] Figures 6 and 7 show the housing 2 and the inlet vanes 11 of Figures 1 to 5 in detail. Figure 6 shows a top view and Figure 7 a schematic representation. For ease of understanding, the cover of the housing 2 has not been shown.

[0086] In Fig. 6, the flow-guiding design of the wind intake surfaces 10 is clearly visible in the top view. In the front section of the wind turbine 1 (below), the wind, traveling in the direction W, strikes the housing 2 with its mirror-symmetrical wind intake surfaces 10. As previously described, the wind intake surfaces 10 each have a concave surface in the first section, which transitions smoothly into a convex surface in the second section. The inlet vanes 11 also have a convex surface on their inner surface. In the front section, the wind is guided by the wind intake surfaces 10 of the housing 2 and the inlet vanes 11 through the inlet openings 12 into the turbine housings 13. Due to the smooth transition and the wind guidance provided by the housing 2 and the inlet vanes 11, the wind is collected and accelerated.

[0087] Figures 8 to 10 show a first embodiment of a turbine according to the invention, which is designed as a worm shaft 20. Figure 8 shows a side view, Figure 9 a top view, and Figure 10 a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the worm shaft 20. The worm shaft 20 has a shaft 21 and, in this embodiment, three worm turns 22. The worm turns 22 are formed as helical coils spirally around the shaft 21 in the axial direction. As can be seen in Figure 8, in the embodiment shown in Figures 8 to 10, the worm turns 22 have an increasing angle. The angle of the worm turns 22 is larger in the upper region of the worm shaft 20 in Figure 8 than in the lower region. This increases the distance between worm turns 22 with increasing height.

[0088] Figures 11 to 13 show a second embodiment of the turbine according to the invention, which is designed as a worm shaft 20. Fig.

[0089] Figure 11 shows a side view, Figure 12 a top view, and Figure 13 a schematic representation of the second embodiment of the worm shaft 20. Similar to the worm shaft 20 shown in Figures 8 to 10, the worm shaft 20 in Figures 11 to 13 also has an upwardly increasing angle of the worm gear 22. In addition to the worm shaft 20 shown in Figures 8 to 10, the worm shaft 22 in Figures 11 to 13 has an upwardly tapered conical shaft 21. This allows the additional wind intake in the area of ​​the outlet 14 to also be effectively used to drive the turbine, despite the discharge of the wind, which already drives the turbine in the lower section and is transported by the worm gear 22 towards the outlet 14.

[0090] Figures 14 to 16 show the upper part of the housing 2 with the two outlet openings 14 in a front view (Fig. 14), a side view (Fig. 15), and a top view (Fig. 16). As shown in Figures 14 to 16, the wind, which is emitted from the worm shaft 20 parallel to its axis of rotation 23, is redirected back into the wind direction W through the outlet openings 14 of the housing 2. Figures 17 to 19 show the worm-shaped design of the outlet opening in detail in the sectional views of Figures 18 and 19. Figure 17 shows a side view of the housing 2 with two outlet openings 14, Figure 18 shows a sectional view along the section plane A-A of Figure 17, and Figure 19 shows a sectional view along the section plane B-B of Figure 17.In Figures 18 and 19, the spiral-shaped outlet opening 14 with continuous deflection of the air from the parallel to the perpendicular direction of the axis of rotation 23 of the spiral shaft 20 with simultaneous continuous increase of the volume up to the outlet openings 15 can be clearly seen.

[0091] Figures 20 to 22 show an inlet nozzle 30 for attachment to the system 1 for generating energy with water. The inlet nozzle 30 has a flanged section at the inlet, which can be connected to a downpipe for water supply. The inlet nozzle 30 can have an opening for introducing water into the system 1, which is designed to be complementary to the receiving surfaces 10 of the system 1, through which the water is directed into the inlet openings 10 for driving the screw shafts 20. Analogous to the wind turbine 1, the water supply can also be controlled here via the inlet vanes 11, whereby, with the inlet vane 11 closed, the water flows laterally around the system 1, or, with the inlet vane 11 open, the water is discharged through the screw shaft 20 and out of the outlet openings 15.

[0092] Figures 23 to 25 show an alternative embodiment of a wind turbine 100 according to the invention. Figure 23 shows a front view of the turbine 100, Figure 24 shows a side view of the turbine 100 and Figure 25 shows a top view of the turbine 100.

[0093] As can be seen from Figures 23 to 25, the system 100 is symmetrically constructed and comprises a housing 102 with several wind-absorbing surfaces 110 serving as flow-guiding housing parts, a base plate 105, and a cover plate 106. The housing 102 can be arranged on a tower (not shown in detail) and can include one or more generators (not shown in detail here).

[0094] The wind-collecting surfaces 110 in the front area are designed with a concave surface in a first area, which transitions into a convex surface in a second area with a continuous curvature transition, as shown in Figure 1. In the front area, the wind-collecting surface 110 transitions into an inlet opening 112 of the housing 102, which directs the wind into a turbine receptacle 113 (Figure 26). This means that the wind-collecting surface 110 in the front area is designed and configured to accelerate and compress the water or wind before it is directed into the turbine receptacle 113. Due to the mirror-symmetrical design of the housing 102, two inlet openings and two turbine receptacles 113 are formed.

[0095] To collect additional wind and to control the size of the inlet opening, two movable inlet vanes 111 are formed on the housing, which in this embodiment have a concave wind receiving surface 110 on the inside, which transitions into the inlet opening 112 by means of a continuous curvature.

[0096] The wind-absorbing surfaces 110 in the rear area are designed with a convex surface in a first area, which transitions into a concave surface in a second area with a continuous curvature. This decelerates the water or wind in the rear area of ​​the wind-absorbing surface 10, thus preventing unwanted turbulence. This reduces the pull on the wind turbine 1. As can be seen in Figure 26, a turbine 107 is arranged in the turbine housing 113. This turbine is constructed as a worm shaft 120. The worm shaft 120 has several turns or worm gears 122, which are arranged on an outer surface of a shaft 121 of the turbine 107.

[0097] The cover plate 106 has two outlets 114 for discharging and redirecting the wind or water from the turbine receptacles 113. As can be seen from Figures 27 to 31, each of the outlets 114 has a helical winding 116 around an outlet shaft 117 with an outlet opening 115, so that the wind or water is discharged from the outlet 114 parallel to a rotational axis 123 of the helical shaft 120.

[0098] Figure 26 shows a sectional view along line CC of Figure 24. The turbine 107 is designed as a worm shaft 120. A better understanding of the turbine 107 is given by Figures 33 to 36, which show a front view (Figure 33), a top view (Figure 34), a perspective view (Figure 35), and a sectional view (Figure 36) along line BB of Figure 34.

[0099] The screw shaft 120 has a shaft 121 and, in this embodiment, five screw threads 122. The screw threads 122 are formed as helical windings spiraling axially around the shaft 121 on its outer surface. As can be seen in Figure 26, the screw threads 122 have an angle that increases towards the cover plate 106 or the outlet 114. The angle of the screw threads 122 is therefore larger in an upper region of the screw shaft 120 in Figure 8 than in a lower region. This increases the distance between screw threads 122 with increasing height. As can be seen in Figure 26, the turbine 107 is supported in the base plate 105 and in the cover plate 106 by means of bearing journals, which are not shown in detail here.

[0100] The turbine 107, or the screw shaft 120, has a cavity 124 arranged in the shaft 121. An inner turbine 125 is arranged in this cavity, which has an inner screw shaft 126. The inner screw shaft 126 has several helical turns 127 – in this embodiment five – which rotate in a direction opposite to that of the screw shaft 120.

[0101] The inner turbine 125 is fluidically connected to the outlet 114 or the outlet opening 115. This allows the suction vortices that form around the outlet shaft 117 at the outlet 114 to be drawn into the inner turbine 125. This drives the inner turbine 125 and conveys the air drawn into it downwards. Due to the direction of rotation of the inner turbine 125, the air drawn into it does not slow down the system 100.

[0102] As can also be seen from Figure 26, the screw turns 127 have a downward slope in the direction of the base plate 105, with the slope being almost perpendicular to the base plate 105 in a lower area of ​​the screw turns 127 near the base plate 105.

[0103] The base plate 105 has a recess 151 into which the air drawn into the turbine 125 is conveyed to the screw shaft 120 to drive it additionally; see also the detail view of Figure 27.

[0104] According to this embodiment of the invention, the suction vortices that arise in the exhaust area around the exhaust shaft 117 can be recovered for energy generation. Figures 37 to 42 show a base plate 105 in further detail. Figure 37 shows a front view of the base plate 105. Figure 38 shows a side view of the base plate 105. Figure 39 shows a top view of the base plate 105. Figure 40 shows a perspective view of the base plate 105. Figure 41 shows a sectional view along line AA of Figure 39. Figure 42 shows a detail view of detail B of Figure 41.

[0105] As can be seen from Figures 37 to 42, the recess 151 is concentrically shaped. As can be seen from Figures 37 to 42, the base plate 105 also has a bearing journal receptacle 152 for receiving a bearing journal of the turbine 107. The recess 151 is concentrically shaped around the bearing journal receptacle 152.

[0106] Reference symbol list

[0107] 1 Wind power plant

[0108] 2 cases

[0109] 3 Tower

[0110] 4 Generator

[0111] 10 Wind absorption area

[0112] 11 Inlet wings

[0113] 12 Entrance opening

[0114] 13 Turbine mounting

[0115] 14 Outlet

[0116] 15 Outlet opening

[0117] 20 snail shaft

[0118] 21st wave

[0119] 22 snail turning egg

[0120] 23 axis of rotation

[0121] 30 inlet nozzles

[0122] 100 wind or hydroelectric power plants

[0123] 102 cases

[0124] 105 Base plate

[0125] 106 Cover plate

[0126] 110 Wind absorption area

[0127] 111 Inlet wings

[0128] 112 Inlet opening 113 Turbine mount

[0129] 114 Outlet

[0130] 115 Outlet opening

[0131] 116 turns 117 exhaust shaft

[0132] 120 worm shaft

[0133] 121 wave

[0134] 122 snail turnip

[0135] 123 Axis of rotation 124 Cavity

[0136] 125 internal turbine

[0137] 126 inner worm shaft

[0138] 127 turns, snail-shaped spiral

Claims

Claims 1. Wind or water power plant (1, 100), comprising a casing (2), a turbine and a generator (4) driven by the turbine, wherein the casing (2) has an inlet opening (12) for the flow of wind or water to the turbine and an outlet opening (15) for the flow of wind or water out of the turbine, wherein the casing (2) has a flow-guiding casing part which is designed as a wind or water receiving surface (10) to compress the air and increase the wind or water velocity which is used to drive the turbine, and wherein the turbine is arranged completely within the casing (2), and wherein the turbine is designed as a worm shaft (20), characterized in that inlet vanes (11) are formed on the casing (2) for adjusting the size of the inlet opening (12).

2. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the flow-conducting housing part has a concave surface in a first area starting from a housing tip.

3. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to claim 2, characterized in that the flow-guiding housing part has a convex surface in a second area which connects to the concave surface with a continuous curvature transition.

4. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the housing (2) is symmetrical, preferably mirror-symmetrical in the horizontal and / or vertical direction.

5. Wind turbine (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (2) is rotatably or fixedly arranged on a tower (3) or a flat surface.

6. Hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the housing (2) can be connected to an inlet nozzle (30) and / or outlet nozzle.

7. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wind or water intake of the turbine is perpendicular to the axis of rotation (23) of the turbine.

8. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the wind or water output of the turbine is parallel to the axis of rotation (23) of the turbine.

9. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a turbine is arranged in the housing (2), or that two or more turbines are arranged in the housing (2).

10. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the screw shaft (20) is designed as a shaft (21 ) with one or more helical turns (22), preferably with three helical turns (22).

11. Wind or water power plant (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the one or more helical turns (22) have a constant pitch, or that the one or more helical turns (22) are formed with an increasing angle in the outlet opening (15), preferably with an increasing angle.

12. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the shaft (21 ) of the screw shaft (20) has a constant diameter over its longitudinal extent, or that the shaft (21 ) of the screw shaft (21 ) is conically shaped with a diameter decreasing in the direction of the outlet (14).

13. Wind or water power plant (100) according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the shaft (121) of the screw shaft (120) has a concentrically shaped cavity (124) in which an inner turbine (125) with an inner screw shaft (126) is arranged, which is fluidically connected to the outlet opening (115), wherein the housing (102) further comprises a base plate (105), wherein the base plate (105) is arranged on a side of the inner turbine (107) opposite the outlet opening (115) and wherein the base plate (105) has a recess (151) which is designed to deflect an airflow coming from the inner turbine (125) into the screw shaft (120).

14. Wind or water power plant (100) according to claim 13, characterized in that the inner screw shaft (126) has one or more helical turns (127), preferably three, four or five helical turns (127).

15. Wind or water power plant (100) according to claim 14, characterized in that the one or more turns (127) of the inner screw shaft (126) have a constant pitch or that the one or more turns (127) of the inner screw shaft (126) have a pitch increasing in the direction of the base plate (105).

16. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the screw shaft (20) is rotatably mounted at both ends in the housing (2).

17. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the inlet wings (11 ) are concave on the inside, preferably that the inside of the inlet wings (11 ) transitions continuously into the inlet opening (12).

18. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the outlet opening (15) has a wind- or water-carrying outlet (14) which redirects the wind or water from the direction parallel to the turbine axis into the original wind or water direction.

19. Wind or water power plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the wind or water-carrying outlet (14) is designed in the form of a screw with continuously rotating guide and continuous enlargement.

20. Wind or hydropower plant (1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the wind or hydropower plant (1 ) or the housing (2) has a size between 0.2 meters and up to 20 meters.

21. Wind or water power plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the shaft (21) of the screw shaft (20) has a concentrically shaped cavity in which an inner screw shaft is arranged.

22. Methods for generating energy using a wind or hydropower plant (1) comprising the following steps: i) collecting and accelerating the wind or water through a flow-guiding casing part of the wind or water power plant (1); ii) driving a screw shaft (20) by supplying the wind or water iii) water perpendicular to the axis of rotation (23) of the screw shaft (20); iii) discharge of the wind or water from the screw shaft (20) parallel to the axis of rotation (23) of the screw shaft (20); iv) redirection of the wind or water after the screw shaft (20) into a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation (23) of the screw shaft (20). Direction.

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