Nonaqueous delivery of acid generating solids in reservoir stimulation
The use of a nonaqueous fracturing fluid with an acid-generating solid and lubricant, activated in situ by an aqueous fluid, addresses the limitations of traditional acid fracturing by enhancing fracture depth and protecting equipment, thus improving hydrocarbon reservoir stimulation efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/108091
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing acid fracturing methods in hydrocarbon reservoirs face limitations such as limited fracture penetration depth, rapid acid reaction, corrosion of downhole tools, and acid leak-off, which hinder effective reservoir stimulation.
A nonaqueous fracturing fluid containing an acid-generating solid and a lubricant is injected into the reservoir, followed by a non-reactive aqueous fluid to activate the solid in situ, generating a produced acid that etches the rock surface, enhancing fracture depth and protecting tools from corrosion.
The method allows for deeper and more controlled acid penetration, creating larger fractures and improving hydrocarbon flow while safeguarding tubular and downhole equipment from corrosion.
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Figure CN2024108091_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
NONAQUEOUS DELIVERY OF ACID GENERATING SOLIDS IN RESERVOIR STIMULATION
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to compositions and methods for stimulation operations at a hydrocarbon reservoir and, more particularly, to methods for enhancing acid fracturing.
[0003] BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] Hydrocarbon resource (oil or gas) extraction requires optimization techniques to minimize further ecological disruption from drilling and excavation. Techniques such as hydraulic fracturing and acid stimulation are employed to enhance oil or gas flow at hydrocarbon reservoirs to either forge new channels within the formation, or to etch the reservoir rock surface to increase permeability and enhance hydrocarbon yield, respectively. Acid stimulation, specifically matrix acidizing and acid fracturing, enhance the connectivity between wells and reservoirs by creating channels between the hydrocarbon (oil or gas) and the wellbore. Also known as acidizing, these methods introduce an acid such as hydrochloric acid into the reservoir to increase the permeability between the wellbore and hydrocarbon resource. The acid reaction with the reservoir surface creates large highly-permeable, highly-porous empty channels called wormholes penetrating deeply within the reservoir. Different from hydraulic fracturing, acidizing creates an artificial fracture for specific geometric size and flow conductivity via injection at a pressure higher than the formation breakdown pressure or natural fracture closure pressure, thus increasing the well productivity &improving flow.
[0005] However, acidizing methods such as acid fracturing have many drawbacks. Acid fracturing requires close proximity to the hydrocarbon wellbore, and is limited in fracture formation depth. Due to the injected acid being fast acting, travel distance of the fracturing fluid is limited, and tubular and any downhole tools are quickly corroded. Injected acids also have a high risk of leak-off and are unstable in high temperatures. Therefore, it is imperative to find methods capable of deep reservoir penetration for controlled acid delivery within a formed fracture, while avoiding corrosion loss of tubular and downhole tools.
[0006] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0007] Various details of the present disclosure are hereinafter summarized to provide a basic understanding. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of the disclosure and is neither intended to identify certain elements of the disclosure, nor to delineate the scope thereof. Rather, the primary purpose of this summary is to present some concepts of the disclosure in a simplified form prior to the more detailed description that is presented hereinafter.
[0008] In one or more aspects, the present disclosure provides a method including a method for acid stimulation comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises an acid-generating solid and a lubricant; forming new fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir with the nonaqueous fluid; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and etching the face of a rock surface of the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0009] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir amongst a stimulation procedure; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises in part an acid-generating solid and a lubricant; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and penetrating a plurality of rock pores within the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0010] Any combinations of the various embodiments and implementations disclosed herein can be used in a further embodiment, consistent with the disclosure. These and other aspects and features can be appreciated from the following description of certain embodiments presented herein in accordance with the disclosure and the accompanying drawings and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1A-1C is a depiction of an activated inorganic acid carbonate acidizing reaction as measured in resulting effervescence.
[0012] FIG. 2A-2C describes a picture of delayed inorganic acid deterioration on a limestone carbonate rock surface.
[0013] FIG. 3A-3B is a depiction of an activated organic acid acidizing reaction on a limestone carbonate rock surface as measured in resulting effervescence.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] As used herein, the term "subterranean formation, ” “hydrocarbon reservoir, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to a subterranean or subsurface formation comprising pores that may contain a hydrocarbon (e.g., oil, gas, the like) as well as associated water, brine, and the like within the aforementioned pores. The hydrocarbon reservoir may be stratified and comprised of a plurality of rock layers.
[0015] As used herein, the term “carbonate reservoir, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to a subsurface formation comprising sedimentary rock containing carbonate minerals. The carbonate minerals encompass a calcium-magnesium chemical gradient including, but not limited to, limestone, calcite, dolomite, and the like. Two types of rock that typify carbonate reservoir are limestones (CaCO3) and dolostones (CaMg (CO3) 2) .
[0016] As used herein, the term “acid-generating solid, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to an acid or acid precursor in a solid form that may generate an acid in situ once activated. The acid-generating solid may be an inorganic acid or organic acid. The acid-generating solid may be activated to produce an acid when hydrated.
[0017] As used herein, the term “water-soluble acid, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to an organic or inorganic acid that can be dissolved in H2O, and the acid is either polar or charged. This allows the water-soluble acid to interact with the dipole on the H2O molecule.
[0018] As used herein, the term “rapid reactive acid” and grammatical variants thereof, generally, refers to a chemical that readily undergoes a chemical reaction with other materials or compounds, and is not entirely dependent on the strength of the acid. Typically, reactive acids have a functional chemical group that participates in reactions, readily donated H+ protons, are a strong oxidizing agent, and / or breakable chemical bonds. The degree of reactivity of the acid is relative to the free ion it releases. The rapid reactive acid may have a pKa value less than or equal to pKa 7. More specifically, the pKa of the rapid reactive acid may range from about pKa -16 to about pKa 7.
[0019] As used herein, the term “wt%” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the percentage of the composition based on the mass of the total composition. The total composition may be the solution or a mixture of various ingredients.
[0020] As used herein, the term “fracture gradient pressure, ” “formation fracture pressure, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the range of pressure in which a subterranean formation breaks or cracks to form new fractures. Additionally, these terms may refer to the pressure required to create fractures within a rock formation, and may be represented in units of psi or psi / ft.
[0021] As used herein, the term “viscous fingering, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the unstable interaction between two fluids, wherein the less viscous phase displaces the more viscous phase in a specific pattern. For instance, a low-viscosity liquid such as water would displace a more viscous liquid such as oil to create a path of lower hydraulic resistance and forming finger-like patterns.
[0022] As used herein, the term “matrix acidizing, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the acid stimulation procedure of enhancing hydrocarbon flow at a hydrocarbon reservoir with the injection of a reactive acid such as HCl at a pressure below fracturing pressure. The injected acid penetrates rock pores and dissolves any hinderances of permeability, such as mud solids and sediments, and enlarges the natural rock pores of the reservoir.
[0023] As used herein, the term “acid fracturing, ” “fracture acidizing, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the acid stimulation procedure as a form of hydraulic fracturing, wherein an acid is injected into a carbonate reservoir at a pressure exceeding than the formation breakdown pressure to form new fractures within the reservoir. The injected acid etches the rock surface to form new channels and enhance reservoir permeability.
[0024] As used herein, the term “etching, ” or “acid etching” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the chemical process of an acid cutting or a removing a portion of a hard surface such as carbonate rock or metal. The acid may be a strong acid particularly formulated to etch a surface, classified as an etchant.
[0025] As used herein, the term “nonuniform erosion, ” “nonuniform sedimentation, ” and grammatical variants thereof, refers generally to the gradual and unsteady process of removal, disposition, or transportation of matter. This unsteady process may be a result of exposure to acids, winds, waters and other fluids, or any combination thereof.
[0026] Enhanced recovery of hydrocarbon resources utilize stimulation techniques to take full advantage of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Stimulation techniques such as hydraulic fracturing inject fluids to create new pathways, called fractures, within the hydrocarbon reservoir, but may risk either damaging the reservoir or embedding extra particulates in the fractures and impeding the flow of hydrocarbon. Acid stimulation methods or stimulation procedures such as matrix acidizing or acid fracturing are common stimulation techniques to improve the permeability of the reservoir carbonate rock walls and promote the flow of hydrocarbons. However, the injected acid reacts rapidly with the rock wall surface, and thus limits the fracture penetration depth and reaction area within the reservoir. Additionally, highly reactive acid is corrosive to downhole metal tubulars and tools with acid leak-off.
[0027] Previous methods to temper the rapid acid reaction rate and leak-off include acid gelation (gelled acids) and introducing a solid acid precursor. Acid gelation is the process of creating a thick acid matrix to enhance coverage and fluid efficiency, resulting in uniform acid treatment and increased fracture conductivity. Solid acid precursors are incorporated in aqueous fluids creating a delayed acid release in situ once hydrolyzed with water. However, neither gelled acids nor acid precursors can slow down the rapid acid reaction, nor contain the acid leak-off, to prevent the corrosion of downhole tools. Additionally, these techniques are dependent on the temperature within the reservoir, further limiting the penetration depths of the acid stimulation methods. Embodiments of this disclosure seek to resolve these issues.
[0028] To remedy limitations with fast-acting corrosive agents in acid stimulation methods, the present disclosure provides a nonreactive, nonaqueous fracturing fluid method containing an acid generating solid that is activated when in contact with an aqueous solution, converting the fracturing fluid to an aqueous phase, and producing a highly reactive acid. The nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be injected at a formation fracture pressure, pushing the acid generating solid further within the formation. This delayed acidizing fracturing method greatly enhances the depth and size of the fractures, as well as controlling the release and reaction of the acid and protects tubular and downhole tools from corrosion. This slowing of acid reactivity allows more time for penetration of acid stimulation fluids into the reservoir, drawing the acid stimulation fluids away from the reservoir tubular and tools before corrosion can occur.
[0029] Accordingly, methods in the present disclosure may include injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir during a stimulation procedure; wherein the nonaqueous fracturing fluid comprises an acid-generating solid and a lubricant; forming new fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir with the nonaqueous fracturing fluid; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and etching the face of a rock surface of the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0030] Embodiments of this disclosure include methods of acid stimulation. The methods included may include injecting a hydrocarbon reservoir with a solid-generating acid within a nonaqueous fluid. More specifically, methods of the present disclosure may include injecting a nonaqueous fluid into a reservoir amongst a stimulation procedure. The nonaqueous fluid includes an acid-generating solid and a lubricant. A non-reactive aqueous fluid is introduced, and the acid-generating solid is released in situ to generate a produced acid and penetrating a plurality of rock pores within the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0031] The method includes injecting the nonaqueous fluid into the reservoir. The injecting may be done using fracture fluid injections methods. Fracture fluid injection methods and apparatus may bear some similarities to conventional fluid injection systems found at hydrocarbon production sites such as a hydrocarbon reservoir. Injection methods and apparatus may be well known to those skilled in the art. In a non-limiting example, the fracture fluid may be injected by method of full-bore DST from the surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir. In non-limiting examples, the fracture fluid may be injected at rates ranging from about 1.2 bbl. / min to about 1.9 bbl. / min (barrel per minute) , and at a pressure range from about 3800 psia to about 6600 psia (absolute pressure) .
[0032] The fracturing fluid may be injected into a hydrocarbon reservoir in any manner, and injected at a plurality of pressures and temperatures. The fracturing fluid may be injected at fracture pressure to create new fractures within the reservoir. In one or more embodiments, the fracturing fluid may be injected at a fracture gradient pressure of about 9,000 psi to about 15,000 psi, including all pressure values and subranges there between (e.g. 9,000 psi, 10,000 psi, 11,000 psi, 12,000 psi, 13,000 psi, 14,000 psi, or 15,000 psi) . In some embodiments, the fracture fluid may be injected at pressure ranges of 9.000 psi to 14,000 psi, 10,000 psi to 14,000 psi, 11,000 psi to 14,000 psi, 12,000 psi to 14,000 psi, 13,000 psi to 14,000 psi, 9,000 psi to 13,000 psi, 9,000 psi to 12,000 psi, 9,000 psi to 11,000 psi, or 9,000 psi to 10,000 psi.
[0033] In one or more embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be selected from any nonaqueous fluid that is nonreactive with a water-soluble acid or acid-generating solid. In a non-limiting example, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be gas-based, oil-based, cross-linked oil-based, nonaqueous methanol based, the like, and any combination thereof.
[0034] The nonaqueous fracturing fluid may comprise an acid-generating solid and a lubricant. In various embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be an oil-based fracturing fluid. In some embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be a hydrocarbon liquid. The hydrocarbon liquid may comprise in part a combustible group of alkanes with the formula CnH2n+2 (e.g. a parafinnic) .
[0035] In some embodiments, the lubricant may include, but is not limited to, mineral oil, mineral-based oil, base oils, lubricant base oils, paraffinum liquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, white oil, the like, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the lubricant may include a highly refined non-polar paraffinic hydrocarbons. The lubricant may be a purified alkane. In a non-limiting example, the lubricant is white oil.
[0036] In one or more embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may comprise about 80 wt%to about 98 wt%of the lubricant based on the total weight percentage of the fracturing fluid, including all wt%values and subranges there between (80 wt%, 81 wt%, 82 wt%, 83 wt%, 84 wt%, 85 wt%, 86 wt%, 87 wt%, 88 wt%, 89 wt%, 90 wt%, 91 wt%, 92 wt%, 93 wt%, 94 wt%, 95 wt%, 96 wt%, 97 wt%, 98 wt%) . In some embodiments, the lubricant may be from 90 wt%to 97 wt%, 91 wt%to 97 wt%, 92 wt%to 97 wt%, 93 wt%to 97 wt%, 94 wt%to 97 wt%, 95 wt%to 97 wt%, 96 wt%to 97 wt%, 90 wt%to 91 wt%, 90 wt%to 92 wt%, 90 wt%to 93 wt%, 90 wt%to 94 wt%, 90 wt%to 95 wt%, 90 wt%to 96 wt%, or 90 wt%to 97 wt%based on the total weight of the nonaqueous fracturing fluid.
[0037] The nonaqueous fracturing fluid includes at least one acid-generating solid. In various embodiments, the acid-generating solid may include an acid precursor, a dry acid, a solid acid, or a water-soluble acid in a solid state, and the like. The solid acid is an organic acid and may include, but is not limited to, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, the like, and any combination thereof. In a non-limiting example, the solid organic acid is glutaric acid. The water-soluble acids may include, but are not limited to, alkyl trichloromethane sulfonate (RASA) , actide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, the like, and any combination thereof. In a non-limiting example, the water-soluble acid is RASA.
[0038] In some embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid may comprise from about 0.02 wt%to about 20 wt%of acid-generating solid based on the total weight of the nonaqueous fracturing fluid, which may accommodate a range of typical working wt%values and subranges. In some embodiments, the acid-generating solid may have a wt%in the nonaqueous fracturing fluid from 0.02 wt%to 10 wt%, 0.02 wt%to 5 wt%, 0.02 to 2.5 wt%, 0.02 wt%to 1 wt%, 0.1 wt%to 10 wt%, 0.1 wt%to 5 wt%, 0.1 wt%to 2.5 wt%, 0.1 wt%to 1 wt%, 0.5 wt%to 10 wt%, 0.5 wt%to 5 wt%, 0.5 wt%to 2.5 wt%, 0.5 wt%to 1 wt%, 2.5 wt%to 20 wt%, 2.5 wt%to 10 wt%, 2.5 wt%to 5 wt%, 1 wt%to 10 wt%, 1 wt%to 5 wt%, or 1 wt%to 2.5 wt%. In a non-limiting example, the acid-generating acid constitutes about 10 wt%of the fracturing fluid.
[0039] The nonaqueous fracturing fluid may be injected to enlarge the natural pores within a hydrocarbon reservoir and stimulate hydrocarbon flow. This acid stimulation procedure, known as matrix acidizing, is capable of both enhancing hydrocarbon flow and removal of reservoir damage by dissolving blockage within reservoir rock pores. In one or more embodiment, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is injected at a pressure below the fracture pressure and penetrate the rock pores within the hydrocarbon reservoir. In some embodiments, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is injected into the hydrocarbon reservoir at a pressure range of about 2,000 psi to about 9,000 psi, including all pressure values and subranges there between (e.g. 2,000 psi, 3,000 psi, 4,000 psi, 5,000 psi, 6,000 psi, 7,000 psi, 8,000 psi, or 9,000 psi) . In various embodiments, the fracture fluid may be injected at pressure ranges of 2,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 3,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 4,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 5,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 6,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 7,000 psi to 8,000 psi, 2,000 psi to 7,000 psi, 2,000 psi to 6,000 psi, 2,000 psi to 5,000 psi, 2,000 psi to 4,000 psi, or 2,000 psi to 3,000 psi.
[0040] In various embodiments, the acid-generating solid suspended in the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is activated by the introduction of a non-reactive aqueous fluid. In a non-limiting example, the non-reactive aqueous fluid may comprise water. In a non-limiting example, the non-reactive aqueous fluid may be a brine. The brine may be an aqueous fluid comprising one dissolved salt such as Na, Ca, MgCl, and the like, or any combination thereof.
[0041] Once activated by introduction of the non-reactive aqueous fluid, the acid-generating solid is released from its nonaqueous fracturing fluid and generates an acid. In some embodiments, the non-reactive aqueous fluid is introduced to the hydrocarbon reservoir and penetrates the nonaqueous fracturing fluid through viscous fingering within the fracture of the hydrocarbon reservoir, thus releasing the acid-generating solid, and generate at least one reactive acid in situ within the fracture.
[0042] In some embodiments, the fracturing fluid may also comprise additional additives. In a non-limiting example, the additives may include, but are not limited to, acid corrosion inhibitors, nonemulsifiers, H2S scavengers, iron-control additives, friction reducers, and the like.
[0043] In various embodiments, the reactive acid generated in situ may react with the surface of the reservoir it is released within. This reaction may result in a chemical process of cutting or removing portions of the reservoir surface (i.e. etching) . In non-limiting examples, the in situ generated acid may etch a reservoir rock surface at a temperature of about 65℃ to about 150℃, about 95℃ to about 150℃, or about 120℃ to about 150℃.
[0044] The acid etching of surface may produce an erosion in a variety of patterns. The acid etching may create conductive flow channels long enough to alter the flow pattern within the reservoir from a radial pattern to a linear flow. In some embodiments, the etching of the reservoir surface may produce a nonuniform erosion.
[0045] Acid stimulation operations may inject an acidizing fluid to the rock surface of a hydrocarbon reservoir to enhance permeability and hydrocarbon flow. In some embodiments, the acid-generating solid released from the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is reactive with the surface of a sandstone, shale, carbonate rock, evaporite surface, and the like.
[0046] Hydrocarbon reservoirs have heterogenous permeability that differ by zones within the subterranean formation. The hydrocarbon reservoir rock may have separate zones when gas, oil and water are present: top gas layer, an oil layer in between, and a water layer on the bottom. In various embodiments, the hydrocarbon reservoir may be a stratified subterranean formation. In a non-limiting example, the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is injected into at least one hydrocarbon-bearing zone, oil-bearing rock, petroleum reservoir, or the like within the hydrocarbon reservoir rock.
[0047] While various embodiments have been shown and described herein, modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The embodiments described here are exemplary only, and are not intended to be limiting. Many variations, combinations, and modifications of the embodiments disclosed herein are possible and are within the scope of the disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the description set out above, but is defined by the claims which follow, that scope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims.
[0048] Non-limiting Example Embodiments
[0049] Embodiments disclosed herein include:
[0050] Embodiment A: a method for acid stimulation comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises an acid-generating solid and lubricant; forming new fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir with the nonaqueous fluid; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and etching the face of a rock surface of the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0051] Embodiment B: a method comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir amongst a stimulation procedure; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises in part an acid-generating solid and a lubricant; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and penetrating a plurality of rock pores within the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0052] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary combinations applicable to Embodiments A through B include:
[0053] Element 1: wherein the acid-generating solid is an organic acid in solid form or an inorganic acid in solid form.
[0054] Element 2: wherein the organic acid in solid form is selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, and any combination thereof.
[0055] Element 3: wherein the acid-generating solid comprises in part a water-soluble acid in solid form.
[0056] Element 4: wherein the water-soluble acids are selected from the group consisting of alkyl trichloromethane sulfonate, actide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and any combination thereof.
[0057] Element 5: wherein the acid-generating solid comprises an acid in solid form, an acid precursor, and any combination thereof.
[0058] Element 6: wherein the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is an oil-based fracturing fluid.
[0059] Element 7: wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, paraffinum liquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, white oil, and any combination thereof.
[0060] Element 8: wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is water.
[0061] Element 9: wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is a brine, wherein the brine comprises a mixture of at least one salt dissolved in an aqueous solution.
[0062] Element 10: wherein the etching occurs between the temperatures of about 65℃ to about 150℃.
[0063] Element 11: wherein the lubricant comprises a wt%range of about 80 wt%to about 98 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.
[0064] Element 12: wherein the acid-generating solid comprises a wt%range of about 0.024 wt%to about 20 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.
[0065] Element 13: wherein the etching of acid with rock surface produces a non-uniform erosion on the carbonate rock surface.
[0066] Element 14: wherein the reservoir is a hydrocarbon wellbore.
[0067] Element 15: wherein the hydrocarbon wellbore is stratified comprising a plurality of zones, wherein the nonaqueous fluid is injected into a hydrocarbon-bearing zone.
[0068] Element 16: wherein the stimulation procedure comprises acid fracturing.
[0069] Element 17: wherein the forming of fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir comprises a fracture gradient pressure of about 9,000 psi to about 15,000 psi.
[0070] Element 18: wherein the injection of the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is at a pressure below fracture pressure.
[0071] By way of non-limiting example, exemplary combinations applicable to A through B include one, more, or all of Elements 1-18, without limitation.
[0072] Additional Embodiments
[0073] The present disclosure is also directed at the following exemplary embodiments, which can be practiced in any combination thereof:
[0074] Embodiment 1: A method for acid stimulation comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises an acid-generating solid and lubricant; forming new fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir with the nonaqueous fluid; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and etching the face of a rock surface of the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0075] Embodiment 2: The method of embodiment 1, wherein the acid-generating solid is an organic acid in solid form or an inorganic acid in solid form.
[0076] Embodiment 3: The method of embodiment 1 or2, wherein the organic acid in solid form is selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, and any combination thereof.
[0077] Embodiment 4: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-3, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises in part a water-soluble acid in solid form.
[0078] Embodiment 5: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-4, wherein the water-soluble acids are selected from the group consisting of alkyl trichloromethane sulfonate, actide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and any combination thereof.
[0079] Embodiment 6: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-5, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises an acid in solid form, an acid precursor, and any combination thereof.
[0080] Embodiment 7: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-6, wherein the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is an oil-based fracturing fluid.
[0081] Embodiment 8: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-7, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, paraffinum liquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, white oil, and any combination thereof.
[0082] Embodiment 9: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-8, wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is water.
[0083] Embodiment 10: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-9, wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is a brine, wherein the brine comprises a mixture of at least one salt dissolved in an aqueous solution.
[0084] Embodiment 11: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-10, wherein the etching occurs between the temperatures of about 65℃ to about 150℃.
[0085] Embodiment 12: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-11, wherein the lubricant comprises a wt%range of about 80 wt%to about 98 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.
[0086] Embodiment 13: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-12, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises a wt%range of about 0.024 wt%to about 20 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.
[0087] Embodiment 14: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-13, wherein the etching of acid with rock surface produces a non-uniform erosion on the carbonate rock surface.
[0088] Embodiment 15: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-14, wherein the reservoir is a hydrocarbon wellbore.
[0089] Embodiment 16: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-15, wherein the hydrocarbon wellbore is stratified comprising a plurality of zones, wherein the nonaqueous fluid is injected into a hydrocarbon-bearing zone.
[0090] Embodiment 17: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-16, wherein the stimulation procedure comprises acid fracturing.
[0091] Embodiment 18: The method of any one of the embodiments 1-17, wherein the forming of fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir comprises a fracture gradient pressure of about 9,000 psi to about 15,000 psi.
[0092] Embodiment 19: A method comprising: injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir amongst a stimulation procedure; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises in part an acid-generating solid and a lubricant; introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid; releasing the acid- generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; and penetrating a plurality of rock pores within the reservoir with the produced acid.
[0093] Embodiment 20: The method of Embodiment 19, wherein the injection of the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is at a pressure below fracture pressure.
[0094] To facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments described herein, the following examples of various representative embodiments are given. In no way should the following examples be read to limit, or to define, the scope of the present disclosure.
[0095] EXAMPLES
[0096] To test the reactivity of solid acids in a nonaqueous solution, a variety of acid generating solids were suspended in a nonaqueous solution to form a nonaqueous system, and the nonaqueous system was exposed to a carbonate rock surface, such as limestone. An aqueous fluid such as water is introduced to the nonaqueous system to induce an aqueous phase and generate an acid from the acid generating solid in situ. Any resulting chemical reaction between the generated acid and the carbonate rock surface would be observed by either an etching in carbonate rock surface, or the generation of gas or effervescence.
[0097] METHOD
[0098] The acid generating solid was combined with white oil to form a nonaqueous system. Acidic reaction testing was conducted on a carbonate rock surface i.e. limestone. The acidic reaction was qualitatively observed with the generation of gas (effervescence) from the limestone rock surface.
[0099] A nonaqueous system of oil with acid generating solid slurry was composed with a range of 9-10g of white oil, and an acid generating solid such as 0.25g-1g of RASA, or 0.25g glutaric acid. When converting the nonaqueous system to an aqueous solution, approximately 475g H2O to 1mL (1g) of H2O was introduced to form the aqueous phase.
[0100] RESULTS
[0101] The acid generating solid powder alkyl trichloromethane sulfonate (RASA) , provided by State Energy and Technology (Group) Co., Ltd, is combined with nonaqueous white oil. When a carbonate rock limestone is introduced to the nonaqueous system, there is no sign of an acidic reaction (FIG. 1A) . The acid generating solid powder in white oil was then agitated, with no sign of acidic reaction (FIG. 1B) . After the addition of water to the nonaqueous system, the acid was then generated from the solid powder and an acidic reaction was observed on the rock surface with the release of bubbles (to generate gas or effervesce) (FIG. 1C) suggesting the generation of acid is spontaneous when the nonaqueous system is turned aqueous.
[0102] In a nonaqueous environment without white oil, the acid generating solid powder RASA was placed on the carbonate surface of limestone (FIG. 2A) and yielded no acidic reaction (FIG. 2B) . Once water was added, an acidic reaction was observed by the generation of gas (effervesce) and the etching of the carbonate rock surface (FIG. 2C) .
[0103] In a reaction condition similar to RASA in white oil in FIG. 1A-C, a solid form of glutaric acid was added to white oil in a nonaqueous system. Similar to RASA, when introduced to limestone there was no acidic reaction observed (FIG. 3A) . Once water was added to this nonaqueous system, the solid glutaric acid dissolves in water and is observed to react with the limestone surface with the generation of gas (effervesce) (FIG. 3B) .
[0104] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, for example, the singular forms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “contains” , “containing” , “includes” , “including, ” “comprises” , and / or “comprising, ” and variations thereof, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0105] Terms of orientation used herein are merely for purposes of convention and referencing and are not to be construed as limiting. However, it is recognized these terms could be used with reference to an operator or user. Accordingly, no limitations are implied or to be inferred. In addition, the use of ordinal numbers (e.g., first, second, third, etc. ) is for distinction and not counting. For example, the use of “third” does not imply there must be a corresponding “first” or “second. ” Also, if used herein, the terms “coupled” or “coupled to” or “connected” or “connected to” or “attached” or “attached to” may indicate establishing either a direct or indirect connection, and is not limited to either unless expressly referenced as such.
[0106] While the disclosure has described several exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made, and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications will be appreciated by those skilled in the art to adapt a particular instrument, situation, or material to embodiments of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, or to the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
Claims
1.A method for acid stimulation comprising:injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir; wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises an acid-generating solid and a lubricant;forming new fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir with the nonaqueous fluid;introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid;releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; andetching the face of a rock surface of the reservoir with the produced acid.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the acid-generating solid is an organic acid in solid form or an inorganic acid in solid form.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the organic acid in solid form is selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, maleic acid, and any combination thereof.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises in part a water-soluble acid in solid form.5.The method of claim 4, wherein the water-soluble acids are selected from the group consisting of alkyl trichloromethane sulfonate, actide, glycolide, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and any combination thereof.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises an acid in solid form, an acid precursor, and any combination thereof.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is an oil-based fracturing fluid.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, paraffinum liquidum, paraffin oil, liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, white oil, and any combination thereof.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is water.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the non-reactive aqueous fluid is a brine, wherein the brine comprises a mixture of at least one salt dissolved in an aqueous solution.11.The method of claim 1, wherein the etching occurs between the temperatures of about 65℃to about 150℃.12.The method of claims 8, wherein the lubricant comprises a wt%range of about 80 wt%to about 98 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.13.The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid-generating solid comprises a wt%range of about 0.024 wt%to about 20 wt%of the nonaqueous fluid.14.The method of claim 1, wherein the etching of acid with rock surface produces a non-uniform erosion on the carbonate rock surface.15.The method of claim 1, wherein the reservoir is a hydrocarbon wellbore.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the hydrocarbon wellbore is stratified comprising a plurality of zones, wherein the nonaqueous fluid is injected into a hydrocarbon-bearing zone.17.The method of claim 1, wherein the stimulation procedure comprises acid fracturing.18.The method of claim 17, wherein the forming of fractures, cracks, or breaks within the reservoir comprises a fracture gradient pressure of about 9,000 psi to about 15,000 psi.19.A method comprising:injecting a nonaqueous fracturing fluid into a reservoir amongst a stimulation procedure;wherein the nonaqueous fluid comprises in part an acid-generating solid and a lubricant;introducing a non-reactive aqueous fluid;releasing the acid-generating solid in situ to generate a produced acid; andpenetrating a plurality of rock pores within the reservoir with the produced acid.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the injection of the nonaqueous fracturing fluid is at a pressure below fracture pressure.
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