Devices and methods for management of carrier wave node
By managing CW nodes with target configuration patterns, the solution optimizes communication and energy harvesting for AIoT devices, addressing inefficiencies in existing technologies and enhancing reliability and cost-effectiveness in IoT systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/109670
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies face challenges in managing carrier wave (CW) nodes for battery-less or low-energy Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) devices, which require efficient energy harvesting from radio waves, particularly in complex communication environments.
A device and method for managing CW nodes by transmitting and receiving target configuration patterns for carrier waves, including time, frequency, power, and spatial domain information, to optimize communication between AIoT devices and network nodes.
Enhances efficient resource allocation and management of CW nodes, ensuring reliable communication and energy harvesting for AIoT devices, reducing operational costs and complexity in IoT systems.
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Figure CN2024109670_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR MANAGEMENT OF CARRIER WAVE NODE
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for management of carrier wave (CW) node.BACKGROUND
[0003] Internet of Things, or internet of things (IoT) , refers to physical devices that can transfer data to one another without human intervention. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. It may consider devices being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable. The carrier wave is generally used for communication between devices. Considering the limited size and complexity required by practical applications, it is necessary to study characteristics for carrier wave waveform for a carrier wave provided externally to the Ambient IoT (AIoT) device.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution on management of CW node.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device; and transmit, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device; and transmitting, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0010] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0012] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] FIG. 1B illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIGS. 2A to 2F illustrate schematic diagrams of example topologies of communication systems in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0015] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of a procedure of management of CW node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate signaling flows of example procedures of management of CW node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0017] FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0018] FIGS. 6A to 6C illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0019] FIGS. 7A to 7E illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0020] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of CW waveform in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIGS. 9A to 9B illustrate schematic diagrams of spectrum graphs of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0022] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate schematic diagrams of spectrum graphs of example channels of CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0023] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of CW waveform in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIGS. 12A to 12D illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0025] FIGS. 13A to 13C illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0026] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 16 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0031] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0032] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0033] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0034] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0035] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0036] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0037] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ a nd ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’a re to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0038] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0039] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0040] The term “ambient IoT device” used herein is a 3GPP IoT device which is much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT. The ultimate ambient IoT energy source is that from radio waves. Both Ambient IoT and Ambient computing rely upon energy harvesting as one of the key mechanisms for powering and enabling the technology. Energy harvesting, as it applies to Ambient IoT and Ambient Computing, is the harnessing of the power in ambient radio waves to power tiny computers. Ambient IoT device may have a new radio / air interface to a reader / node. The new radio interface may be frame based or non-frame based. Deploying ambient IoT service on existing system could reduce the operation cost and quickly commercialize the new service.
[0041] The term “carrier wave” used herein is an electromagnetic wave that serves as the base signal for modulating and carrying the data from one device to another. The carrier wave is a fundamental component used for transmitting data wirelessly. The carrier wave is modulated with the data signal, allowing the data to be superimposed onto the high-frequency wave. This modulated carrier wave can then be transmitted over the air to other AIoT devices. The carrier wave ensures that the data can travel long distances without significant loss of integrity. This is important for maintaining reliable communication between AIoT devices.
[0042] The term “Uu” used herein is the air interface between the gNB and the UE. The Uu interface is responsible for facilitating wireless communication by transmitting radio signals over the air. The Uu interface connects the UE to the 5G RAN, which is managed by the gNB. It allows for the transmission of both user data (such as voice, video, and internet traffic) and control information (such as signaling messages) .
[0043] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0044] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100A in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100A, a plurality of communication devices, including an ambient IoT (AIoT) device 110, a network device 120 can communicate with each other.
[0045] In the example of FIG. 1A, the ambient IoT device 110 communicates bidirectionally with the network device 120. In the communication environment 100A, the network device 120 may be a base station. For example, the network device 120 may be outdoor, and the ambient IoT device 110 may be indoor.
[0046] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100B in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100B, a plurality of communication devices, including an AIoT device 110, a network device 120, and an intermediate node 130, can communicate with each other.
[0047] In the example of FIG. 1B, the ambient IoT device 110 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 130 between the ambient IoT device 110 and the network device 120. In the communication environment 100A, the network device 120 may be a base station serving an intermediate node 130. The intermediate node 130 may be a UE, a relay, an IAB node, a repeater, and the like which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node 130 may transfer Ambient IoT data and / or signaling between the ambient IoT device 110 and the network device 120, and a UE may act as an intermediate node 130 which is under the control of the network device 120. For example, the network device 120 may be outdoor, and the ambient IoT device 110 may be indoor.
[0048] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100A and 100B may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment 100A or 100B. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the intermediate node 130 may be other device than a terminal device.
[0049] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the intermediate node 130 operating as a UE which may be authorized to be an intermediate node, and the network device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0050] In some example embodiments, the AIoT device 110 may be a terminal device (e.g., UE) and the network device 120 may be a base station (e.g., gNB) . In this case, a link from the network device 120 to the AIoT device 110 may be referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the AIoT device 110 to the network device 120 may be referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the AIoT device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the AIoT device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0051] The communications in the communication environment 100A and 100B may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0052] In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the AIoT device 110 may include an energy harvesting module and a backscattering module. The intermediate node 130 (e.g., UE or a reader) transmits an energy supply or command to the AIoT device 110. In response to receiving the energy supply and command, the AIoT device 110 backscatters to the intermediate node 130.
[0053] FIGS. 2A to 2F illustrate schematic diagrams of example topologies 200A to 200F of communication systems in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2A, the topology 200A includes gNB 210 and AIoT device 220. The gNB 210 and the AIoT device 220 can communicate with each other via CW transmission in DL spectrum. For example, the gNB 210 transmits CW to the AIoT device 220 and the AIoT device 220 transmits data with device to reader (D2R) backscattering to the gNB 210.
[0054] Similarly, in FIG. 2B, the topology 200B includes gNB 210 and AIoT device 220. The gNB 210 and the AIoT device 220 can communicate with each other via CW transmission in UL spectrum. For example, the gNB 210 transmits CW to the AIoT device 220 and the AIoT device 220 transmits data with D2R backscattering to the gNB 210.
[0055] In addition, in FIG. 2C, the topology 200C includes CW node 230, AIoT device 220 and gNB 210. The CW node 230 transmits the CW to the AIoT device 220 in UL spectrum. Further, the AIoT device 220 backscatters the CW to the gNB 210 in UL spectrum.
[0056] Moreover, in FIG. 2D, the topology 200D includes gNB 210, UE 240 and AIoT device 220. In some embodiments, the UE may include an AIoT reader. Furthermore, The UE transmits the CW to the AIoT device 220 in UL spectrum and the AIoT device 220 transmits data with D2R backscattering to the gNB 210. The gNB 210 can communicate with UE 240 via Uu interface, so that the gNB can communicate with the AIoT device 220. The gNB 210 may receive the data from the UE 240. Alternatively or in addition, the UE 240 may receive the CW configuration from the gNB 210.
[0057] In addition, in FIG. 2E, the topology 200E includes gNB 210, UE 240, AIoT device 220 and CW node 230. The CW node transmits the CW to the AIoT device 220 in DL spectrum. The AIoT device 220 transmits data with D2R backscattering to the UE 240 in DL spectrum . The gNB 210 can communicate with UE 240 via Uu interface, so that the gNB can communicate with the AIoT device 220. The gNB 210 may receive the data from the UE 240. Alternatively or in addition, the UE 240 may receive the CW configuration from the gNB 210.
[0058] In FIG. 2F, the topology 200F includes gNB 210, UE 240, AIoT device 220 and CW node 230. The CW node transmits the CW to the AIoT device 220 in UL spectrum. The AIoT device 220 transmits data with D2R backscattering to the UE 240 in UL spectrum. The gNB 210 can communicate with UE 240 via Uu interface, so that the gNB can communicate with the AIoT device 220. The gNB 210 may receive the data of the CW node 230 from reader, then forward it to the CW node 230.
[0059] In some embodiments, the UE may be implemented as an AIoT reader. Furthermore, the CW node and the UE may be implemented in the same device as two functions. Moreover, the CW node may be implemented in the UE as a function. In other words, the CW node may be implemented in an AIoT reader as a function.
[0060] In some predefined standard, the issues on the system architecture and procedure to support 5G AIoT services are described. For example, a UE acting as the intermediate node may be responsible for transferring the information between an AIoT device and 5GS. There is need to study necessary characteristics of carrier wave waveform for a carrier wave provided to the AIoT device. In addition, characteristics of carrier wave waveform includes characteristics for interference handling at AIoT reader such as AIoT UL receiver, and at NR base station. Thus, it is necessary to study the management of CW node for transmitting CW.
[0061] To solve the above and other related / potential issues, embodiments of the present disclosure propose an example architecture of AIoT system and related solution (s) . In a solution, an indication indicating a target configuration pattern is proposed. The target configuration pattern includes information related to resource allocation in different domains, which includes, for example, time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, an identification of the second device; and / or the like. The target configuration pattern is used for the management of a CW node to transmit the CW (also referred to as CW waveform) .
[0062] Furthermore, information of the target configuration pattern may be associated with each other. Specifically, the target configuration pattern may include time domain information, frequency domain information associated with the time domain information, power domain information associated with the time domain information, etc. For example, the time domain information in the configuration pattern may indicate when the frequency of CW waveform is applied to the CW transmission. Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of a procedure of management of CW node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B and 2A to 2F. As shown in FIG. 3, the signaling flow 300 involves a first device 310 and a second device 320.
[0063] In some embodiments, the first device 310 may be implemented as the device transmitting the carrier wave (CW) , including the CW node, a part of AIoT reader, a part of the gNB and a part of the UE in the example topologies of AIoT system of FIGS. 2A to 2F. The first device 310 may be a core network device for example. The second device 320 may or may not receive the CW backscattered from the AIoT device, including a part of the gNB and a part of the UE in the example topologies of AIoT system of FIGS. 2A to 2F. The second device 320 may be a core network device for example. In some implementations, the second device 320 may be implemented as the device transmitting the CW instead of the device receiving the CW backscattering. Furthermore, there may be a third device implemented as the device receiving the CW backscattering from the AIoT device including a part of the UE in the example topologies of AIoT system of FIG. 2E. Specifically, the second device 320 may be implemented as the gNB transmitting indication to the UE or the reader for CW transmission.
[0064] In the signaling flow 300, the second device 320 transmits (3010) , to the first device 310, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an AIoT device. Correspondingly, the first device 310 receives (3020) , from the second device 320, the first indication for the target configuration pattern for the carrier wave.
[0065] The target configuration pattern may include various information, including but not limited to, time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, and / or an identification of the second device 320.
[0066] Then, the first device 310 transmits (3030) , to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.
[0067] In an example implementation, the first device 310 may include CW node, and the second device 320 may include at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.
[0068] In some embodiments, the time domain information may include time information of one or more time duration. Moreover, the time information of each time duration may include a start time of the time duration, an end time of the time duration, a time length of the time duration, an offset for the start time of the time duration, and / or a first gap between two adjacent time duration.
[0069] Moreover, the time domain information may include the time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave, the time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave, a time duration index of the first time duration, a time duration index of the second time duration, and / or a second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
[0070] Specifically, the time domain information may indicate one or more time duration is repeated periodically. Furthermore, the time domain information may include a period for the at least one time duration, and / or time information of at least one time duration.
[0071] In addition, the frequency domain information may include, but not limited to, frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave, a number of the at least one channel, an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave, a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel; and / or a gap between two channels for the carrier wave. Additionally, the channel of CW may be a subset of frequency resources or a subset of bandwidth of CW, R2D transmission, or D2R transmission.
[0072] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information of each channel may include a number of tones in the channel, a frequency of each tone in the channel, a tone gap between two tones in the channel, a start frequency of the channel, a central frequency of the channel, and / or a bandwidth of the channel.
[0073] Furthermore, the power information may include a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave, an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, and / or a list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.
[0074] Additionally, the spatial domain information may include one or more indices of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.
[0075] In some embodiments, the target configuration pattern may be indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.
[0076] Furthermore, the set of candidate configuration patterns may be transmitted / received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) . In addition, the indication of the target configuration pattern may be transmitted / received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) . In an example implementation, the set of candidate configuration patterns and the indication of the target configuration pattern may be transmitted in the same message. In an example implementation, they may be transmitted in different messages. Additionally, the set of candidate configuration patterns may include one or more configuration patterns for carrier wave of an AIoT device. Moreover, the set of candidate configuration patterns may be transmitted with the first indication or pre-configured. Alternatively, the set of candidate configuration may include only one configuration pattern as the target configuration pattern.
[0077] In an example implementation, the first device 310 may be caused to, in response to receiving a start indication from the second device 320 during a transmission of the carrier wave, start transmitting the carrier wave based on the start indication. Alternatively, the first device 310 may be caused to, in response to receiving an end indication from the second device 320 during a transmission of the carrier wave, stop the transmission of the carrier wave.
[0078] In these case, the start indication may include an identification of the second device 320. Moreover, the end indication may include the identification of the second device 320.
[0079] In some alternative embodiments, the first device 310, in response to receiving, from a third device, a start indication during a transmission of the carrier wave, may perform recording an identification of the third device, transmitting a refuse message to the third device, maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave, and / or restarting a transmission of the carrier wave based on the start indication.
[0080] Alternatively, the first device 310, in response to receiving an end indication from a third device during transmission of the carrier wave, may record an identification of the third device, transmit a refuse message to the third device, maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave, and / or determine whether to stop the transmission of the carrier wave based on the end indication.
[0081] Specifically, the first device 310 may determine whether a recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication. Furthermore, in response to determining the recorded identification of the third device matches an identification included in the end indication, the first device 310 may stop transmitting the carrier wave.
[0082] In some embodiments, the carrier wave may be transmitted separately via different channels corresponding to a plurality of second devices 320.
[0083] In an example implementation, in response to receiving a second indication comprising second power information from a third device during transmitting the carrier wave, the first device 310 may compare a first transmit power of the first power information of the target configuration pattern and a second transmit power of the second power information of the second indication. Moreover, in response to determining that the first transmit power is less than or equal to the second transmit power, the first device 310 may transmit the carrier wave based on the first power information. Alternatively, in response to determining that the first transmit power is greater than the second transmit power, the first device 310 may transmit the carrier wave based on the second power information.
[0084] In this way, the carrier wave can be transmitted in a configured mode according to the resource allocation requirements of the network. Moreover, the CW node shared by multiple AIoT readers can be managed to transmit the carrier wave in an efficient with verifying the identification of the readers.
[0085] Now more detailed embodiments will be further discussed below. FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate signaling flows 400A and 400B of example procedures of management of CW node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400A and 400B will be discussed with reference to FIGS. 2A to 2F and FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 4A, the signaling flow 400A involves the CW node 410, the AIoT device 420 and the reader 430.
[0086] In the embodiment of FIG. 4A, the topology of the AIoT system is an implementation of the example topologies in FIGS. 2E and 2F. Furthermore, the CW node 410 is an implementation of the first device 310 in FIG. 3, and the reader 430 is an implementation of the second device 320 in FIG. 3. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 4A, the reader 430 may transmit, to the CW node 410, a control on carrier wave. The control may be an implementation of the first indication. The control may indicate a target configuration pattern for the carrier wave. The target configuration pattern may include, but not limited to time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, and / or an identification of the second device 320. Moreover, the reader 430 may transmit, to the AIoT device 420, an AIoT data / signaling command and / or inventory request. In other words, the reader 430 initiates a communication request to the AIoT device 420. The CW node 410 may transmit, to the AIoT device 420, the CW based on the control on carrier wave. Then, the AIoT device 420 may backscatter the CW to the reader 430 to transmit the command and / or inventory response.
[0088] In this way, the reader can control the CW transmitted (from the CW node) to the AIoT device. Thus, the reader can communicate with the AIoT device and obtain the command and / or inventory response from the AIoT device.
[0089] As shown in FIGS. 4B, the signaling flow 400A involves the AIoT device 420, the reader 430, and the gNB 440. In the embodiment of FIG. 4B, the topology of the AIoT system is an implementation of the example topologies in FIG. 2D. The reader 430 may include the CW node as a function. Furthermore, the reader 430 is an implementation of the first device 310 in FIG. 3, and the gNB 440 is an implementation of the second device 320 in FIG. 3. In some implementations, the reader 430 and the gNB 440 may be implemented in the same device as two functions. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations. In addition, the gNB 440 may be an implementation of the first device 310 in FIG. 3, and a core network node may be an implementation of the second device 320. The core network node may be used to configurate the reader 430 of the gNB 440. Furthermore, the reader 430 may be implemented as a function in the gNB 440.
[0090] As shown in FIG. 4B, the gNB 440 may transmit, to the reader 430, a control on carrier wave. The control may be an implementation of the first indication. The control may indicate a target configuration pattern for the carrier wave. The target configuration pattern may include, but not limited to time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, and / or an identification of the second device 320. Moreover, the reader 430 may transmit, to the AIoT device 420, an AIoT data / signaling command and / or inventory request. The request may be an implementation of the CW or may be transmitted with the CW. In other words, the reader 430 initiates a communication request to the AIoT device 420. Then, the AIoT device 420 may backscatter the AIoT data / signaling command and / or inventory request to the reader 430 to transmit the command and / or inventory response.
[0091] In this way, the gNB can control the CW transmitted (from the reader) to the AIoT device. Thus, the gNB can communicate with the AIoT device and obtain the command and / or inventory response from the AIoT device.
[0092] FIGS. 5A to 5D illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms 500A to 500D in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the CW waveforms 500A to 500D will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3. The CW is transmitted in the time length of the time duration.
[0093] As shown in FIG. 5A, the waveform 500A involves a first time duration 502, the start time 504 of the first time duration 502 (also referred to as a on_duration) , the time length 508 of the first time duration 502, a second time duration 503, the start time 505 of the second time duration 503, the end time 506 of the second time duration 503, and the first gap between the first time duration 502 and the second time duration 503. The CW is transmitted in the time length 508 of the time duration 502.
[0094] In the embodiment of FIG. 5A, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 5A, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the first time duration 502 at the start time 504 for the time length 508. In an example, the time length 508 is named Tx_duration or on_duration. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. Furthermore, the time domain information may include time information for one or more time durations. As illustrated in FIG. 5A, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the second time duration 503 at the start time 505 and may stop the transmission at the end time 506. Additionally, in some implementations, after stopping the transmission of the first time duration, the first device 310 may wait for a time length of the first gap 507. Then the first device 310 may start the transmission of the second time duration. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer for timing the Tx_duration and the same or another timer for timing the first gap 507. Furthermore, the first indication may include the identification of the second device 320 transmitting the first indication. Furthermore, in some implementations, the first device 310 may start the transmission at the time receiving the first indication including a start indication. Specifically, in response to receiving a start indication, the first device 310 start the transmission of the CW.
[0095] In this way, the transmission time durations of the CW can be configured based on the time domain information in a simple and efficient way.
[0096] As shown in FIG. 5B, the waveform 500B involves a time duration 502, the start time 514 of the time duration 512, the time length 518 of the time duration 512, an offset 510 for the start time 514 of the time duration 512. The CW is transmitted in the time length 5018 of the time duration 512.
[0097] In the embodiment of FIG. 5B, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 5B, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start waiting for (atime length of) the offset 510 at the start time 514. That is, the first device 310 may start a timer for timing the offset 510 at the start time 514. Then, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 512 for the time length 518. In an example, the time length 518 is named Tx_duration or on_duration. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer for timing the Tx_duration and the same or another timer for timing the offset 510. Furthermore, the first indication may include the identification of the second device 320 transmitting the first indication.
[0098] In this way, the simplicity of the time domain information used for configuring the transmission of the CW can be improved.
[0099] As shown in FIG. 5C, the waveform 500C involves a time duration 522, the end of reader to device (R2D) transmission 524, the time length 528 of the time duration 522, a delay 520 for the end of R2D 524 of the time duration 522. The CW is transmitted in the time length 528 of the time duration 522.
[0100] In the embodiment of FIG. 5C, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 5C, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start waiting for the delay 520 at the end of R2D 524. That is, the first device 310 may start a timer for timing the delay 520 at the end of R2D 524. Then, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 522 for the time length 528. The delay 520 may be associated with the latency of the end of the R2D transmission or the latency of the R2D transmission to D2R transmission switching delay. In an example, the time length 528 is named Tx_duration. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer for timing the Tx_duration and the same or another timer for timing the delay 520. Furthermore, the first indication may include the identification of the second device 320 transmitting the first indication.
[0101] In this way, the CW can be transmitted after the end of R2D transmission and a delay, so that the CW transmission can be synchronized with the end of R2D transmission in a simple and efficient way.
[0102] As shown in FIG. 5D, the waveform 500D involves a time duration 532, an indication 534, the time length 538 of the time duration 532, an offset or delay 530 for the indication 534 of the time duration 532. The CW is transmitted in the time length 538 of the time duration 532.
[0103] In the embodiment of FIG. 5D, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. Further, the first device 310 may receive an indication indicating the start of the offset or delay from the second device 320. As illustrated in FIG. 5D, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start waiting for the offset or delay 530 at the time receiving the indication 534. Then, the first device 310 may start the time duration 532 for the time length 538. In an example, the time length 538 is named Tx_duration. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer for timing the Tx_duration and the same or another timer for timing the offset or delay 530. Furthermore, the indication 534 may include the identification of the second device 320 transmitting the first indication. Alternatively or in addition, the first device 310 may receive an indication indicating the start of time duration 532 for the time length 538.
[0104] In this way, the CW can be transmitted in response to receiving an indication indicating the beginning of the transmission (of CW or CW waveform) . Thus, the flexibility and the efficiency of the CW transmission is improved.
[0105] It is to be understood that the above are just examples of names, without suggesting any limitation to the present disclosure. These time and timer may have different names in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0106] FIGS. 6A to 6C illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms 600A to 600C in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the CW waveforms 600A to 600C will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3.
[0107] As shown in FIG. 6A, the waveform 600A involves a time duration 602, a Tx_duration 610 of the time duration 602, a start time 604 of the time duration 602.
[0108] In the embodiment of FIG. 6A, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 6A, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 602 at the start time 604 for the time length of the Tx_duration 604. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration. Furthermore, in some implementations, the first device 310 may start the transmission at the time receiving the first indication including a start indication instead of the start time 604. Specifically, in response to receiving a start indication, the first device 310 start the transmission of the CW. In this way, the simplicity of the time domain information used for configuring the transmission of the CW can be improved.
[0109] As shown in FIG. 6B, the waveform 600B involves a first time duration 612, a second time duration 618, a start time 614 of the first time duration 612, a start indication 616, and a Tx_duration 620 of the second time duration 618.
[0110] In the embodiment of FIG. 6B, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 6B, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 612 at the start time 614. Moreover, before the end of the first time duration, the first device 310 may receive the start indication 616 from the second device 320. Then, the first device 310 start the second time duration 618 or restart the time duration 612 for a time length of Tx_duration 620 at the time of receiving the start indication 616. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration 620. In some implementations, the Tx_timer may be used for timing the time length of the first time duration. In these cases, when receiving the start indication 616, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the Tx_duration 620. That is, in response to receiving the start indication 616 without the Tx_duration 620, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the Tx_duration 620. Furthermore, in response to receiving the start indication 616 without the Tx_duration 620, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the rest of time of the first time duration 612. Additionally, in response to receiving the start indication 616 with another Tx_duration, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the Tx duration. Furthermore, in some implementations, the first device 310 may start the transmission at the time receiving the first indication including a start indication instead of the start time 614. Specifically, in response to receiving a start indication, the first device 310 start the transmission of the CW.
[0111] In this way, the CW transmission can be started in real time. Thus, the usability and the efficiency of the CW-based AIoT system is improved.
[0112] As shown in FIG. 6C, the waveform 600C involves a time duration 622, a Tx_duration 630 of the time duration 622, a start time 624 of the time duration 622 and a end indication 626 of the time duration 622.
[0113] In the embodiment of FIG. 6C, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 6C, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 622 at the start time 624. Before the end of the transmission of the time duration 622, the first device 310 may receive the end indication 626 from the second device 320. In other words, before the first device 310 transmits the CW for the time length of Tx_duration, the end indication may be received. That is, when the first device 310 is transmitting the CW, the end indication may be received. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration. Furthermore, in some implementations, the first device 310 may start the transmission at the time receiving the first indication including a start indication instead of the start time 624. Specifically, in response to receiving a start indication, the first device 310 start the transmission of the CW.
[0114] In this way, the CW transmission can be stopped in real time. Thus, the usability and the efficiency of the CW-based AIoT system is improved.
[0115] It is to be understood that the above are just examples of names, without suggesting any limitation to the present disclosure. These time and timer may have different names in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0116] In some embodiments, the time domain information may include sets of time information of one or more time durations for the CW transmission. Furthermore, each set of the time information may include a Tx_duration and / or an offset. In some implementations, the sets of time information are indicated by an indication. In these cases, in response to receiving the indication, the first device 310 may start the transmission of CW based on the set of time information associated with the indication. Moreover, the CW transmission may last for the time length of the Tx_duration. Then, the first device 310 may stop the transmission and wait for the time length of the offset of the set of time information associated with the indication. Subsequently, the first device 310 may start the transmission. The transmission may last for the time length of Tx_duration associated with the indication. In some implementations, each the configuration pattern of the set of configuration patterns may include the sets of time information. Furthermore, in response to receiving the indication, the first device 310 may start offset before the transmission of CW based on the set of time information associated with the indication.
[0117] Alternatively, each set of time information may be applied to different signalling procedure. For example, the inventory procedure may need less time length than that of inventory and command procedure. In some embodiments, there are more than one set, such as three sets, of time information used for, but not limited to, service type of inventory-only, command-only, and inventory and command. In some implementations, the Tx_duration of the time information of inventory-only procedure may be x ms. Furthermore, the Tx_duration of the time information of command-only procedure may be y ms. y may be less than x. Thus, the Tx_duration of the time information of inventory and command procedure may be zms. z may be bigger than x+y. Moreover, each set of time information may correspond to the service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . In other words, the indication may include the index of the service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . These embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0118] FIGS. 7A to 7E illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms 700A to 700E in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the CW waveforms 700A to 700C will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3.
[0119] As shown in FIG. 7A, the waveform 700A involves the first time duration 702, a Tx_duration#1 707 of the first time duration 702, an indication 704, a second time duration 706, Tx_duration#2 709 of the second time duration 706, a second gap 708 between the first time duration 702 and the second time duration 706.
[0120] In the embodiment of FIG. 7A, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. The target configuration pattern may comprise two or more sets of time information. Each of the two or more sets of time information may include one Tx_duration. For example, the Tx_duration#1 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the inventory procedure. Moreover, the Tx_duration#2 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the command procedure. Alternatively, the time information may include a gap between these Tx_durations, for example, the second gap 708. Additionally, the target configuration pattern may comprise one set of time information. Each set of time information may include two or more Tx_durations. Specifically, there may be one or more set of time information of a configuration pattern associated with a service type or procedure type of the CW. Alternatively, there may be one or more Tx_durations in a set of time information associated with a service type or procedure type of (of the CW or AIoT transmission) .. In other words, there may be one or more Tx_durations associated with a service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . As illustrated in FIG. 7A, according to the indication 704, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 702 for the time length of the Tx_duration#1 707. In some implementation, the first device 310 may receive the indication 704 from the second device 320 and may start the transmission of the first time duration 702 at the time receiving the indication 704. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW and may wait for the time length of the second gap 708. Further, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the second time duration 706 for the time length of Tx_duration#2 709. In some embodiments, the indication indicates the set of time information by an index associated with the service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) included in the indication 704. Additionally, the set of time information may be changed dynamically by changing the indication or the index of the service type or procedure type.
[0121] In this way, the CW transmission can be controlled based on the service type of the CW and indicated with indication and / or index associated with the service type in an efficient way. Thus, the simplicity and usability of the CW-based AIoT communication is improved.
[0122] As shown in FIG. 7B, the waveform 700B involves an indication 714, a time duration 712, and a Tx_duration#2 719 of the time duration 712.
[0123] In the embodiment of FIG. 7B, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. The Tx_duration#2 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the command procedure.
[0124] As illustrated in FIG. 7B, according to the indication 714, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 712 for the time length of the Tx_duration#2 719. In some implementation, the first device 310 may receive the indication 714 from the second device 320 and may start the transmission of the first time duration 712 at the time receiving the indication 714. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the indication indicates the set of time information by an index associated with the service type or procedure type of the CW included in the indication 704. Additionally, the set of time information may be changed dynamically by changing the indication or the index of the service type or procedure type.
[0125] In this way, the CW transmission can be controlled based on the service type of the CW and indicated with indication and / or index associated with the service type in an efficient way. Thus, the simplicity and usability of the CW-based AIoT communication is improved.
[0126] Furthermore, the first device 310 may receive one or more first indications corresponding to one or more service type or procedure type of (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . Specifically, the first device 310 may receive two indications. One of the indications may include Tx_duration#1 and Tx_duration#2, and the other may include Tx_duration#2. For example, the indication associated with Tx_duration#1 may be used to indicate the CW with the procedure type of inventory and command procedure. Moreover, the indication associated with Tx_duration#2 may be used to indicate the CW with the procedure type of inventory only procedure or command only procedure.
[0127] As shown in FIG. 7C, the waveform 700C involves the first time duration 722, a Tx_duration#1 727 of the first time duration 722, an indication 724, a second time duration 726, Tx_duration#2 729 of the second time duration 726, a second gap 728 between the first time duration 722 and the second time duration 726.
[0128] In the embodiment of FIG. 7C, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. Each of the two or more sets of time information may include one Tx_duration. For example, the Tx_duration#1 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the inventory procedure. Moreover, the Tx_duration#2 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the command procedure. Alternatively, the time information may include a gap between these Tx_durations, for example, the second gap 728. Additionally, the target configuration pattern may comprise one set of time information. Each set of time information may include two or more Tx_durations. Specifically, there may be one or more (such as two or more) set of time information of a configuration pattern associated with a service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . Alternatively, there may be one or more (such as two or more) Tx_durations in a set of time information associated with a service type or procedure type of the CW.
[0129] As illustrated in FIG. 7C, according to the indication 724, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the first time duration 722 for the time length of the Tx_duration#1 727. In some implementation, the first device 310 may receive the indication 724 from the second device 320 and may start the transmission of the first time duration 722 at the time receiving the indication 724. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW and may wait for the time length of the second gap 728. Further, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the second time duration 726 for the time length of Tx_duration#2 729. In some embodiments, the indication indicates the set of time information by an index associated with the service type or procedure type of the CW included in the indication 724. Additionally, the set of time information may be changed dynamically by changing the indication or the index of the service type or procedure type.
[0130] In this way, the CW transmission can be controlled based on the service type of the CW and indicated with indication and / or index associated with the service type in an efficient way. Thus, the simplicity and usability of the CW-based AIoT communication is improved.
[0131] As shown in FIG. 7D, the waveform 700D involves the first time duration 732, an indication 734, a second time duration 736, Tx_duration#2 739 of the second time duration 736, a second gap 738 between the first time duration 732 and the second time duration 736, and an end indication 735.
[0132] In the embodiment of FIG. 7D, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. Each of the two or more sets of time information may include one Tx_duration. For example, the Tx_duration#1 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the inventory procedure. Moreover, the Tx_duration#2 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the command procedure. Alternatively, the time information may include a gap between these Tx_durations, for example, the second gap 738. Additionally, the set of time information may be changed dynamically by changing the indication or the index of the service type or procedure type. The end indication 735 may include an index of the Tx_duration of the ith time duration, where i=0 or 1, alternatively, i=1 or 2. Additionally, the target configuration pattern may comprise one set of time information. Each set of time information may include two or more Tx_durations. Specifically, there may be one or more (such as two or more) set of time information of a configuration pattern associated with a service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) . Alternatively, there may be one or more (such as two or more) Tx_durations in a set of time information associated with a service type or procedure type (of the CW or AIoT transmission) .
[0133] As illustrated in FIG. 7D, according to the indication 734, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the first time duration 732. In some implementation, the first device 310 may receive the indication 734 from the second device 320 and may start the transmission of the first time duration 732 at the time receiving the indication 734. Subsequently, the first device 310 may receive the end indication 735 from the second device 320. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW and may wait for the time length of the second gap 738. Further, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the second time duration 736 for the time length of Tx_duration#2 739. In some embodiments, the indication indicates the set of time information by an index associated with the service type or procedure type of the CW included in the indication 734.
[0134] In this way, the CW transmission can be controlled based on the service type of the CW and indicated with indication and / or index associated with the service type in an efficient way. Moreover, the CW transmission can be stopped and changed to a further service type or procedure type. Thus, the simplicity and usability of the CW-based AIoT communication is improved.
[0135] As shown in FIG. 7E, the waveform 700E involves a first time duration 742, a second time duration 743, an indication 744, a third time duration 746, Tx_duration#2 749 of the third time duration 746, Tx_duration#1 747 of the second time duration 743, a second gap 748 between the second time duration 743 and the third time duration 746, and an start indication 745.
[0136] In the embodiment of FIG. 7E, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. Each of the two or more sets of time information may include one Tx_duration. For example, the Tx_duration#1 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the inventory procedure. Moreover, the Tx_duration#2 may be an implementation of Tx_duration of the time information of the command procedure. Alternatively, the set of the time information may include a gap between these Tx_durations, for example, the second gap 748. Additionally, the set of time information may be changed dynamically by changing the indication or the index of the service type or procedure type. The start indication 745 may include an index of the Tx_duration of the ith time duration, where i=0 or 1, alternatively, i=1 or 2.
[0137] As illustrated in FIG. 7E, according to the indication 744, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the first time duration 742. In some implementation, the first device 310 may receive the indication 744 from the second device 320 and may start the transmission of the first time duration 742 at the time receiving the indication 744. Subsequently, the first device 310 may receive the start indication 745 from the second device 320. The first device 310 may start the second time duration 743 or restart the first time duration 742 for the time length of Tx_duration#1 747. Then, the first device 310 may stop the transmission and may wait for the time length of the second gap 748. Further, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the third time duration 746 for the time length of Tx_duration#2 749. In some embodiments, the indication indicates the set of time information by an index associated with the service type or procedure type of the CW included in the indication 744.
[0138] In this way, the CW transmission can be controlled based on the service type of the CW and indicated with indication and / or index associated with the service type in an efficient way. Moreover, the CW transmission can be restart and changed to a further service type or procedure type. Thus, the simplicity and usability of the CW-based AIoT communication is improved.
[0139] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of CW waveform 800 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the CW waveforms 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3.
[0140] As shown in FIG. 8, the waveform 800 involves the first time duration 802, a Tx_duration 807 of the first time duration 802, an start time 804, a second time duration 806, an offset for the end, the period#1 810, and the period#2 814.
[0141] In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the CW may be transmitted with a period. For example, the period may be 20ms or 40ms. Furthermore, the time domain information may include the Tx_duration 807 and an offset for the end of the CW transmission. Alternatively, the first device 310 may start the transmission after receiving the period of the time domain information. In these cases, the indication may be received via RRC message. Furthermore, the first device 310 may start the transmission after receiving the indication, which may include the start time 804. Additionally, the period may be configured by another indication or pre-configured. In these cases, the indication may be received via RRC message and DCI / MAC CE. Additionally, another indication may be may be received via RRC message.
[0142] As illustrated in FIG. 8, the first device 310 may receive an indication including a start time 804 and time information. The first device 310 may start the transmission of the first time duration for the time length of Tx_duration 807. Then, the first device 310 may stop the transmission and may wait for the time length of the offset for the end. Subsequently, the first device restart the transmission of the second time duration for the time length of Tx_duration 807. Furthermore, the first device 310 may transmit the CW periodically as illustrated until receiving an end indication, release of the time domain configuration, or another timer domain configuration. In these cases, the period of the transmission is period#1 810 and the period#2 814, where the period#1 810 is equal to the period#2 814, and the first time duration 802 is equal to the second time duration 806.
[0143] In this way, the CW may be transmitted periodically. Thus, the usability for the application situation that needs continuous CW is improved.
[0144] FIGS. 9A to 9B illustrates schematic diagrams of spectrum graphs 900A and 900B of examples of CW waveforms in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0145] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information may include, but not limited to, type of CW waveform (for example, single-tone CW, 2-tone CW, or 3-tone CW etc. ) , the number of tones for each CW waveform (for example, single-tone CW, 2-tone CW) noted as N1, the number of tones for multiple single-tone CW waveform or multi-tone CW waveform (for example, 2-tone CW) noted as N2, the frequency of CW noted as F1, and a gap between the tones of the CW waveform noted as G1. The N2 may be the number of tones for multiple (unmodulated) single-tone CW waveform or multi-tone CW waveform. The F1 for single-tone case may be the center frequency of the single-tone CW waveform. Furthermore, the F1 for multi-tone case may be the frequency of one single-tone, such as the single-tone in the lowest frequency band. For example, for multi-tone case, the frequency of the ith tone may be determined as follows:
[0146] Frequency_i=F1+i*G1 (1)
[0147] where i= 0, 1, 2, …, N2-1.
[0148] Alternatively, the F1 for multi-tone case may be the center frequency of the multi-tone CW. In some implementations, the number of tones is odd. The center frequency is the frequency of tone with index of floor [N2 / 2] . For example, for 3-tone CW (with index 0, 1, 2) , it is the frequency of the (tone of ) CW with index 1. The frequency of the ith tone may be determined as follows:
[0149] Frequency_i = F1 + (i -floor [N2 / 2] ) *G1 (2)
[0150] where i= 0, 1, 2, …, N2-1. As shown in FIG. 9A, the spectrum graph 900A involves the G1 and F1.
[0151] In this way, the frequency of the tones of the CW waveform with an odd number of tones can be configured in an efficient and simplified way.
[0152] In some embodiments, the F1 for multi-tone case may be the center frequency of the multi-tone CW and the number of tones may be even. In these case, the tones are located symmetrically along both sides of the center frequency. The center frequency is the center of the tone with index of floor [N2 / 2] -1 and the tone with index of floor [N2 / 2] . The frequency of the ith tone may be determined as follows:
[0153] Frequency_i = F1 + (i + 1 / 2 - floor [N2 / 2] ) *G1 (3)
[0154] where i= 0, 1, 2, …, N2-1. As shown in FIG. 9B, the spectrum graph 900B involves the G1 and F1.
[0155] In this way, the frequency of the tones of the CW waveform with an even number of tones can be configured in an efficient and simplified way.
[0156] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrates schematic diagrams of spectrum graphs 1000A and 1000B of example channels of CW in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0157] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information may include frequency information of one or more channels for the CW waveform. Additionally, to determine the position of each channel, the frequency information may include, but not limited to, bandwidth of each channel noted as BW, the central frequency of each channel noted as F2, the number of channel noted as N3, the start frequency of channels noted as F4, the lower boundary of the device to reader (D2R) system bandwidth, reader to device (R2D) system bandwidth or CW waveform bandwidth noted as F5, the offset of channel to the (lower) boundary of the UL / D2R system bandwidth noted as Offset3, the gap between the boundary of the occupied bandwidth (Bocc) and that of the transmission bandwidth (Btx) noted as G2, the gap between each channel noted as G3 , the system bandwidth such as D2R system bandwidth, R2D system bandwidth or CW waveform bandwidth, and the location of the system bandwidth. The BW of each channel may be the Bocc or the Btx of each channel. For j th channel, the F4 may locate from F4+ j*BW to F4+ (j+1) *BW, where j = 0, 1, 2, …N3-1. Specifically, the F4 may be the frequency of the tone located in the lowest frequency in the channel. In addition, the frequency domain information may include the UL / D2R system bandwidth or the location of the UL / D2R system bandwidth. Alternatively, the BW of channel may be determined as D2R system bandwidth / N3. The G3 may be the gap between each the Bocc or the Btx of each channel. Furthermore, the frequency domain information may include a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel. Specifically, the gap may be between the boundary of the Bocc and the boundary of the Btx. In other words, the G3 may be a gap for two adjacent channels between the tones located in the edge of the / each channel.
[0158] In some implementations, there may be multiple channels for the CW waveform. Each of the channel may be configured as single-tone CW or multi-tone CW. For single-tone CW, the CW may be transmitted at the center of the channel or at the center of the Bocc or the Btx of the channel. In other words, the center of the channel is the frequency of the single-tone CW. Furthermore, for multi-tone CW, the frequency of each single-tone CW is determined based on the center of the channel.
[0159] In some embodiments, the number of tones may be odd. The frequency of the ith tone may be determined as follows:
[0160] Frequency_i = F2 + (i - floor [N2 / 2] ) *G1 (4)
[0161] where i= 0, 1, 2, …, N2-1.
[0162] In addition, the number of tones may be even. The frequency of the ith tone may be determined as follows:
[0163] Frequency_i = F2 + (i + 1 / 2 - floor [N2 / 2] ) *G1 (5)
[0164] where i= 0, 1, 2, …, N2-1.
[0165] As shown in FIG. 10A, the spectrum graph 1000A involves the Offset3, Bocc 1004, the D2R system bandwidth and 2-tone CW. In the embodiment of FIG. 10A, for 2-tone CW, as illustrated, the frequency of each single-tone CW is the center of the channel. Specifically, the frequency of each 2-tone CW is the center of the two tones. Furthermore, the frequency of the ith channel may be determined based on Offset3, the D2R system bandwidth and Bocc 1004.
[0166] In this way, the frequency information of channels of the CW can be configured in an efficient and simplified way.
[0167] As shown in FIG. 10B, the spectrum graph 1000B involves the Offset3, Btx 1008, the D2R system bandwidth and G3. In the embodiment of FIG. 10B, G3 is the gap between channels of the CW. Furthermore, the frequency of the ith channel may be determined based on Offset3, G3, the D2R system bandwidth and Btx 1008.
[0168] In this way, the frequency information of channels of the CW can be configured in an efficient and simplified way.
[0169] In some embodiments, each channel of the CW may have a set of time information. In other words, the transmission of CW is configured with the time resource when the associated channel is applied. Alternatively, all the channels may be configured with the same set of time information.
[0170] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of CW waveform 1100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, the waveform 1100 involves a first time duration 1102, start time 1104 of the first time duration 1102, offset for the end, period#1 1108, and period#2 1110 of the channel#1. Furthermore, the waveform 1100 also involves a first time duration 1112, start time 1114 of the first time duration 1112, offset for the end, period#1 1118, and period#2 1120 of the channel#2.
[0171] In this way, the CW can be transmitted separately in each channel. Thus, the flexibility and stability of the CW-based system is improved.
[0172] As illustrated in FIG. 11, the waveform of channel#1 and the CW waveform of channel#2 are transmitted in different channels. Additionally, the set of time information of the waveform of channel#1 and that of the CW waveform of channel#2 are different. Specifically, the start time 1104 is different from the start time 1114. In other words, the transmission of the waveform of channel#1 and the transmission of the waveform of channel#2 are started at different time.
[0173] Furthermore, the power information may include the value or the index of transmit power of CW. In some embodiments, the value may include, but not limited to, maximum value, minimum value or average value of the transmit power. Moreover, the value may include a target value of transmit power and / or the value of path lose. The value of path lose may be associated with a pathloss index. For example, the transmit power may be target value plus the value of pathloss. Alternatively, there may be a list of transmit power indicated by an index. In some implementations, each power of the list of transmit power may be configured with the time resources when the associated power is applied. For example, the list of transmit power may be associated with acting time or time durations. Specifically, the target configuration pattern may include time domain information and power information associated with each other.
[0174] In this way, the transmit power of the CW can be configured in an efficient and simplified way.
[0175] In some embodiments, the spatial domain information may include an index or an indication indicating the beam (or Transmission Configuration Indicator (TCI) state) used for transmission of the CW. In addition, the time resource when the associated beam is applied is indicated together with the spatial domain information. Specifically, the target configuration pattern may include at least one of time domain information, spatial domain information and power information associated with each other. Specifically, there may be one or more sets of beams for the Tx_duration of time durations of the CW. In addition, the CW node is assumed in “ON” state, i.e., performing the CW transmission, only over the time resources when the corresponding spatial domain information is configured or indicated by the reader, gNB, or the third network device (such as the core network device) . Furthermore, the details (e.g., characteristics) of beams may be provided by a third NW device to the gNB or reader and the CW node for operation.
[0176] Furthermore, information of the target configuration pattern may be associated with each other. Specifically, the target configuration pattern may include time domain information, frequency domain information associated with the time domain information, power domain information associated with the time domain information, etc. For example, the time domain information in the configuration pattern may indicate when the frequency of CW waveform is applied to the CW transmission.
[0177] Furthermore, the CW node may be controlled by the reader, the gNB or the third network node, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (OAM) , Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , or AIoT functions / nodes. Specifically, the reader may send configuration and / or indication to the CW node. For example, the gNB may send configuration and / or indication to the CW node. And the Reader may send another indication to the CW node to active the transmission of CW waveform or to active the configuration.
[0178] Optionally, the first device 310 and the second device 320 may be implemented in the same device as two functions. For example, the first device 310 may be a function in the UE for transmitting CW, and the second device 320 may be a function in the UE for communicating with the gNB. In these cases, the gNB may provide configuration of CW waveform to the UE to control the transmission of CW. Specifically, the set of candidate configuration patterns are received via at least one of a RRC message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or DCI. Furthermore, the MAC CE may be used to activate the transmission of the CW. The DCI may be used to indicate the transmit power or beam of the CW, which may be configured by the RRC message.
[0179] In some implementations, there may be the first device 310 shared by more than one second devices 320. Specifically, the CW node may be shared by more than one readers. Furthermore, the CW node may transmit the CW based on the first indication from different readers separately in different channels. In these cases, the indication of the start or the end may include a reader identification (ID) , for example, reader ID#1, and / or channel ID. Additionally, the message for the indication may comprise a reader ID. In addition, the time domain information and / or frequency domain parameters may include a reader ID. Alternatively, the CW node may determine the source of each indication and / or configuration. For example, the CW node may determine the indication of the star or the end is form which reader.
[0180] Furthermore, the CW node may start the transmission of CW in response to receiving the indication of start. Moreover, the transmission will last for a period / time length of Tx_duration. In some embodiments, the CW node may include a Tx_timer for timing. In these cases, the CW node start the Tx_timer and set it as Tx_duration in response to receiving the indication of start. Additionally, the CW node may record the reader ID of the indication. Specifically, the CW node may record the ID of the reader sent the indication or the reader ID indicated in the indication of start.
[0181] In response to receiving another indication of the start of the transmission of CW during the transmission, as a first option, the CW node may manage the timer corresponding to the reader ID as illustrated below in reference to FIGS. 12A to 12D. Specifically, the CW node may maintain separate timers for each reader.
[0182] Alternatively, for the CW node that transmits the CW in different channels for each reader, the CW node may set timers for each of the channels separately.
[0183] As a second option, the CW node may use the same timer (e.g., Tx_timer) for all readers. In these cases, if the Tx_timer is running, the CW node may ignore the received indication. Furthermore, if the left time of the transmission of the CW based on the last indication is greater than the time length of the time duration of the transmission associated with the newly received indication, the CW node may ignore the received indication.
[0184] As a third option, the CW node may restart the Tx_timer as the Tx_duration of the time information of the newly received indication. Alternatively, the CW node may restart the Tx_timer in response to receiving the newly indication, and set the Tx_timer as the Tx_duration of the time information preconfigured or of the last received indication.
[0185] In some implementations, the indication received may include, but not limited to, reader ID and channel ID and / or beam ID associated with the reader ID. Furthermore, the timer or the time information may be managed separately for each channel or each beam.
[0186] Similarly, in response to receiving the indication of ending (or the end) during the transmission of the CW, as a first option, the CW node may manage the timer corresponding to the reader ID as illustrated below in reference to FIGS. 12A to 12D. Specifically, the CW node may maintain separate timers for each reader.
[0187] As a second option, the CW node may use the same timer (e.g., Tx_timer) for all readers. In these cases, if the Tx_timer is running, the CW node may ignore the received indication if more than one reader indicated or configured the CW node to transmit CW waveform. In other words, the CW node may record more than one reader IDs. Furthermore, after ignoring the indication, the CW node may send a refuse indication to the reader associated with the received indication of ending.
[0188] As a third option, the CW node may stop the Tx_Timer or the transmission if there is only one recorded reader ID and reader ID#1 matches the recorded Reader ID.
[0189] As a fourth option, the CW node may stop the Tx_Timer or the transmission if reader ID#1 matches the latest / last recorded reader ID or the last of the recorded reader IDs. As a fifth option, the CW node may stop the Tx_Timer or the transmission if reader ID#1 matches the first recorded reader ID.
[0190] In some implementations, the indication received may include, but not limited to, reader ID and channel ID and / or beam ID associated with the reader ID. Furthermore, the timer or the time information may be managed separately for each channel or each beam.
[0191] Reference is made to FIGS. 12A to 12D, which illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms 1200A to 1200D in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0192] As shown in FIG. 12A, the CW waveform 1200A involves a first time duration 12002, start time 12004 of the first time duration 12002, offset for the end, period#1 12008, and period#2 12010 of the channel#1. Furthermore, the CW waveform 1200 also involves a first time duration 12012, start time 12014 of the first time duration 12012, offset for the end, period#1 12018, and period#2 12020 of the channel#2.
[0193] As illustrated in FIG. 12A, the CW waveform of channel#1 and the CW waveform of channel#2 are transmitted in different channels. Additionally, the set of time information of the waveform of channel#1 and that of the waveform of channel#2 are different. Specifically, the start time 12004 is different from the start time 12014. In other words, the transmission of the CW waveform of channel#1 and the transmission of the CW waveform of channel#2 are started at different time. That is, the transmission of the CW waveform of channel#1 and the transmission of the CW waveform of channel#2 are managed separately.
[0194] In this way, the CW can be transmitted separately in each channel. Thus, the flexibility and stability of the CW-based system is improved.
[0195] As shown in FIG. 12B, the waveform 1200B involves a time duration 1202, a Tx_duration 1210 of the time duration 1202, a start time 1204 of the time duration 1202.
[0196] In the embodiment of FIG. 12B, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 12B, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1202 at the start time 1204 for the time length of the Tx_duration 1204. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration.
[0197] In this way, the simplicity of the time domain information used for configuring the transmission of the CW can be improved.
[0198] As shown in FIG. 12C, the waveform 1200C involves a first time duration 1212, a second time duration 1218, a start time 1214 of the first time duration 1212, a start indication 1216, and a Tx_duration 1220 of the second time duration 1218.
[0199] In the embodiment of FIG. 12C, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW (waveform) based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 12C, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1212 at the start time 1214. Moreover, before the end of the first time duration, the first device 310 may receive the start indication 1216 from the second device 320. Then, the first device 310 start the transmission of the second time duration 1218 for a time length of Tx_duration 1220 at the time of receiving the start indication 1216. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration 1220. In some implementations, the Tx_timer may be used for timing the time length of the first time duration. In these cases, when receiving the start indication 1216, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the Tx_duration 1220. Furthermore, in response to receiving the start indication 1216 without the Tx_duration 1220 (or the second time duration 1218) , the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the rest of time of the first time duration 1212.
[0200] In this way, the CW transmission can be started in real time. Thus, the usability and the efficiency of the CW-based AIoT system is improved.
[0201] As shown in FIG. 12D, the waveform 1200D involves a time duration 1222, a Tx_duration 1230 of the time duration 1222, a start time 1224 of the time duration 1222 and a end indication 1226 of the time duration 1222.
[0202] In the embodiment of FIG. 12D, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 12D, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1222 at the start time 1224. Before the end of the transmission of the time duration 1222, the first device 310 may receive the end indication 1226 from the second device 320. In other words, before the first device 310 transmits the CW for the time length of Tx_duration, the end indication may be received. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration.
[0203] In this way, the CW transmission can be stopped in real time. Thus, the usability and the efficiency of the CW-based AIoT system is improved.
[0204] It is to be understood that the above are just examples of names, without suggesting any limitation to the present disclosure. These time and timer may have different names in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0205] Reference is made to FIGS. 13A to 13C, which illustrate schematic diagrams of examples of CW waveforms 1300A to 1300C in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0206] As shown in FIG. 13A, the waveform 1300A involves a time duration 1302, a Tx_duration 1310 of the time duration 1302, a start time 1304 of the time duration 1302.
[0207] In the embodiment of FIG. 13A, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 13A, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1302 at the start time 1304 for the time length of the Tx_duration 1304. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration.
[0208] In this way, the simplicity of the time domain information used for configuring the transmission of the CW can be improved.
[0209] As shown in FIG. 13B, the waveform 1300B involves a first time duration 1312, a second time duration 1318, a start time 1314 of the first time duration 1312, a start indication 1316, and a Tx_duration 1320 of the second time duration 1318.
[0210] In the embodiment of FIG. 13B, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 13B, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1312 at the start time 1314. Moreover, before the end of the first time duration, the first device 310 may receive the start indication 1316 from the second device 320. Then, the first device 310 start the transmission of the second time duration 1318 for a time length of Tx_duration 1320 at the time of receiving the start indication 1316. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration 1320. In some implementations, the Tx_timer may be used for timing the time length of the first time duration. In these cases, when receiving the start indication 1316, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the Tx_duration 1320. Furthermore, in response to receiving the start indication 1316 without the Tx_duration 1320, the first device 310 may restart the Tx_timer for the rest of time of the first time duration 1312.
[0211] Furthermore, if the start indication 1316 further includes or indicates a second transmit power of the transmission of the second time duration 1318, the first device 310 may compare a first transmit power of first power information of the target configuration pattern associated with the start time 1314 and a second transmit power of the second power information of the start indication 1316. Then, in response to determining that the first transmit power is less than or equal to the second transmit power, the first device 310 may transmit the carrier wave based on the first power information. Alternatively, in response to determining that the first transmit power is greater than the second transmit power, the first device 310 may transmit the carrier wave based on the second power information.
[0212] In this way, the transmit power of the transmission of CW can be changed in real time. Moreover, the transmit power can be controlled at a safe level, so that the security and stability of the CW transmission is improved.
[0213] As shown in FIG. 13C, the waveform 1300C involves a time duration 1322, a Tx_duration 1330 of the time duration 1322, a start time 1324 of the time duration 1322 and a end indication 1326 of the time duration 1322.
[0214] In the embodiment of FIG. 13C, the first device 310 may receive a first indication from the second device 320 and may transmit a CW based on a target configuration pattern indicated by the first indication. As illustrated in FIG. 13C, according to the time domain information included in the configuration pattern, the first device 310 may start the transmission of the time duration 1322 at the start time 1324. Before the end of the transmission of the time duration 1322, the first device 310 may receive the end indication 1326 from the second device 320. In other words, before the first device 310 transmits the CW for the time length of Tx_duration, the end indication may be received. Then, the first device 310 may stop to transmit the CW. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may include a timer named Tx_timer for timing the Tx_duration.
[0215] In this way, the CW transmission can be stopped in real time. Thus, the usability and the efficiency of the CW-based AIoT system is improved.
[0216] It is to be understood that the above are just examples of names, without suggesting any limitation to the present disclosure. These time and timer may have different names in other embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0217] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the first device 310 in FIG. 3.
[0218] At block 1402, the first device 310 receives, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device.
[0219] At block 1404, the first device 310 transmits, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may comprise time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following: a start time of the time duration, an end time of the time duration, a time length of the time duration, an offset for the start time of the time duration, or a first gap between two adjacent time duration.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may comprise at least one of the following: time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave, time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave, a time duration index of the first time duration, a time duration index of the second time duration, or a second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may indicate at least one time duration is repeated periodically and may comprise at least one of the following: a period for the at least one time duration, or time information of at least one time duration.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the frequency domain information may comprise at least one of the following: frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave, a number of the at least one channel, an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave, a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel; or a gap between two channels for the carrier wave.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the frequency domain information of each channel may comprise at least one of the following: a number of tones in the channel, a frequency of each tone in the channel, a tone gap between two tones in the channel, a start frequency of the channel, a central frequency of the channel, or a bandwidth of the channel.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the power information may comprise at least one of: a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave, an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, or a list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the spatial domain information may comprise at least one index of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the target configuration pattern may be indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the set of candidate configuration patterns may be received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) .
[0229] In some example embodiments, the first device, in response to receiving a start indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, may start transmitting the carrier wave based on the start indication; and / or in response to receiving an end indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, stop the transmission of the carrier wave.
[0230] In some example embodiments, the start indication may comprise an identification of the second device, and / or wherein the end indication comprises the identification of the second device.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the first device, in response to receiving, from a third device, a start indication during a transmission of the carrier wave, may perform at least one of the following: recording an identification of the third device; transmitting a refuse message to the third device; maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; or restarting a transmission of the carrier wave based on the start indication.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the first device, in response to receiving an end indication from a third device during transmission of the carrier wave, may perform at least one of the following: recording an identification of the third device; transmitting a refuse message to the third device; maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; or determining whether to stop the transmission of the carrier wave based on the end indication.
[0233] In some example embodiments, the first device may determine whether a recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication; and in response to determining the recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication, stop transmitting the carrier wave.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the carrier wave may be transmitted separately via different channels corresponding to a plurality of second devices.
[0235] In some example embodiments, the first device, in response to receiving a second indication comprising second power information from a third device during transmitting the carrier wave, may compare a first transmit power of first power information of the target configuration pattern and a second transmit power of the second power information of the second indication; in response to determining that the first transmit power is less than or equal to the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the first power information; and in response to determining that the first transmit power is greater than the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the second power information.
[0236] In some example embodiments, the first device may comprise carrier wave (CW) node, and the second device comprises at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.
[0237] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1500 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1500 will be described from the perspective of the second device 320 in FIG. 3.
[0238] At block 1502, the second device 320 transmits, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device.
[0239] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may comprise time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following: a start time of the time duration an end time of the time duration, a time length of the time duration, an offset for the start time of the time duration, or a first gap between two adjacent time duration.
[0240] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may comprise at least one of the following: time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave, time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave, a time duration index of the first time duration, a time duration index of the second time duration, or a second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
[0241] In some example embodiments, the time domain information may indicate at least one time duration is repeated periodically and comprises at least one of the following: a period for the at least one time duration, or time information of at least one time duration.
[0242] In some example embodiments, the frequency domain information may comprise at least one of the following: frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave, a number of the at least one channel, an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave, a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel ; or a gap between two channels for the carrier wave.
[0243] In some example embodiments, the frequency domain information of each channel may comprise at least one of the following: a number of tones in the channel, a frequency of each tone in the channel, a tone gap between two tones in the channel, a start frequency of the channel, a central frequency of the channel, or a bandwidth of the channel.
[0244] In some example embodiments, the power information may comprise at least one of: a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave, an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, or a list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.
[0245] In some example embodiments, the spatial domain information may comprise at least one index of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.
[0246] In some example embodiments, the target configuration pattern may be indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.
[0247] In some example embodiments, the second device may comprise the network device, and the set of candidate configuration patterns are received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) .
[0248] In some example embodiments, the first device may comprise carrier wave (CW) node, the second device comprises at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.
[0249] FIG. 16 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1600 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1600 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2A to 2F, and 3. Accordingly, the device 1600 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 310 or the second device 320.
[0250] As shown, the device 1600 includes a processor 1610, a memory 1620 coupled to the processor 1610, a suitable transceiver 1640 coupled to the processor 1610, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1640. The memory 1620 stores at least a part of a program 1630. The transceiver 1640 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1640 may include at least one of a transmitter 1642 and a receiver 1644. The transmitter 1642 and the receiver 1644 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1640 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0251] The program 1630 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1610, enable the device 1600 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 15. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1610 of the device 1600, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1610 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1610 and memory 1620 may form processing means 1650 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0252] The memory 1620 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1620 is shown in the device 1600, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1600. The processor 1610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0253] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device; and transmit, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.
[0254] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.
[0255] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0256] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device; and means for transmitting, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0257] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1500. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0258] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0259] In an aspect, it is proposed a first device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device; and transmit, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.
[0260] In some embodiments, the time domain information comprises time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following: a start time of the time duration, an end time of the time duration, a time length of the time duration, an offset for the start time of the time duration, or a first gap between two adjacent time duration.
[0261] In some embodiments, the time domain information comprises at least one of the following: time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave, time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave, a time duration index of the first time duration, a time duration index of the second time duration, or a second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
[0262] In some embodiments, the time domain information indicates at least one time duration is repeated periodically and comprises at least one of the following: a period for the at least one time duration, or time information of at least one time duration.
[0263] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information comprises at least one of the following: frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave, a number of the at least one channel, an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave, a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel; or a gap between two channels for the carrier wave.
[0264] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information of each channel comprises at least one of the following: a number of tones in the channel, a frequency of each tone in the channel, a tone gap between two tones in the channel, a start frequency of the channel, a central frequency of the channel, or a bandwidth of the channel.
[0265] In some embodiments, the power information comprises at least one of: a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave, an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, or a list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.
[0266] In some embodiments, the spatial domain information comprises at least one index of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.
[0267] In some embodiments, the target configuration pattern is indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.
[0268] In some embodiments, the set of candidate configuration patterns are received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) .
[0269] In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: in response to receiving a start indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, start transmitting the carrier wave based on the start indication; and / or in response to receiving an end indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, stop the transmission of the carrier wave.
[0270] In some embodiments, the start indication comprises an identification of the second device, and / or wherein the end indication comprises the identification of the second device.
[0271] In some embodiments, the first device is further caused to: in response to receiving, from a third device, a start indication during a transmission of the carrier wave, perform at least one of the following: recording an identification of the third device; transmitting a refuse message to the third device; maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; or restarting a transmission of the carrier wave based on the start indication.
[0272] In some embodiments, the first device is further caused to: in response to receiving an end indication from a third device during transmission of the carrier wave, perform at least one of the following: recording an identification of the third device; transmitting a refuse message to the third device; maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; or determining whether to stop the transmission of the carrier wave based on the end indication.
[0273] In some embodiments, the first device is further caused to: determine whether a recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication; and in response to determining the recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication, stop transmitting the carrier wave.
[0274] In some embodiments, the carrier wave is transmitted separately via different channels corresponding to a plurality of second devices.
[0275] In some embodiments, the first device is further caused to: in response to receiving a second indication comprising second power information from a third device during transmitting the carrier wave, compare a first transmit power of first power information of the target configuration pattern and a second transmit power of the second power information of the second indication; in response to determining that the first transmit power is less than or equal to the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the first power information; and in response to determining that the first transmit power is greater than the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the second power information.
[0276] In some embodiments, the first device comprises carrier wave (CW) node, and the second device comprises at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.
[0277] In an aspect, it is proposed a second device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following: time domain information of the carrier wave, frequency domain information of the carrier wave, power information of the carrier wave, spatial domain information of the carrier wave, or an identification of the second device.
[0278] In some embodiments, the time domain information comprises time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following: a start time of the time duration an end time of the time duration, a time length of the time duration, an offset for the start time of the time duration, or a first gap between two adjacent time duration.
[0279] In some embodiments, the time domain information comprises at least one of the following: time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave, time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave, a time duration index of the first time duration, a time duration index of the second time duration, or a second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
[0280] In some embodiments, the time domain information indicates at least one time duration is repeated periodically and comprises at least one of the following: a period for the at least one time duration, or time information of at least one time duration.
[0281] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information comprises at least one of the following: frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave, a number of the at least one channel, an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave, a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel ; or a gap between two channels for the carrier wave.
[0282] In some embodiments, the frequency domain information of each channel comprises at least one of the following: a number of tones in the channel, a frequency of each tone in the channel, a tone gap between two tones in the channel, a start frequency of the channel, a central frequency of the channel, or a bandwidth of the channel.
[0283] In some embodiments, the power information comprises at least one of: a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave, an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, or a list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.
[0284] In some embodiments, the spatial domain information comprises at least one index of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.
[0285] In some embodiments, the target configuration pattern is indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.
[0286] In some embodiments, the second device comprises the network device, and the set of candidate configuration patterns are received via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) message, medium access control control element (MAC CE) , or downlink control information (DCI) .
[0287] In some embodiments, the first device comprises carrier wave (CW) node, the second device comprises at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.
[0288] In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0289] In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0290] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0291] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0292] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.
[0293] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.
[0294] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0295] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 16. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0296] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0297] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0298] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0299] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following:time domain information of the carrier wave,frequency domain information of the carrier wave,power information of the carrier wave,spatial domain information of the carrier wave, oran identification of the second device; andtransmit, to the AIoT device, the carrier wave based on the target configuration pattern.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the time domain information comprises time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following:a start time of the time duration,an end time of the time duration,a time length of the time duration,an offset for the start time of the time duration, ora first gap between two adjacent time duration.3.The device of claim 2, wherein the time domain information comprises at least one of the following:time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave,time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave,a time duration index of the first time duration,a time duration index of the second time duration, ora second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.4.The device of claim 2 or claim 3, wherein the time domain information indicates at least one time duration is repeated periodically and comprises at least one of the following:a period for the at least one time duration, ortime information of at least one time duration.5.The device of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the frequency domain information comprises at least one of the following:frequency information of at least one channel for the carrier wave,a number of the at least one channel,an offset the at least one channel to a boundary of a bandwidth for the carrier wave,a gap between a boundary of the at least one channel and a boundary of an occupied bandwidth of the at least one channel; ora gap between two channels for the carrier wave.6.The device of claim 5, wherein the frequency domain information of each channel comprises at least one of the following:a number of tones in the channel,a frequency of each tone in the channel,a tone gap between two tones in the channel,a start frequency of the channel,a central frequency of the channel, ora bandwidth of the channel.7.The device of any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the power information comprises at least one of:a value of a transmit power for the carrier wave,an index of one of a plurality of power levels for the carrier wave, ora list of transmit powers associated with one or more time durations of the carrier wave.8.The device of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the spatial domain information comprises at least one index of a beam for the carrier wave associated with one or more time durations and / or one or more values of transmit power for the carrier wave.9.The device of any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the target configuration pattern is indicated among a set of candidate configuration patterns.10.The device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first device is caused to:in response to receiving a start indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, start transmitting the carrier wave based on the start indication; and / orin response to receiving an end indication from the second device during a transmission of the carrier wave, stop the transmission of the carrier wave.11.The device of claim 10, wherein the start indication comprises an identification of the second device, and / orwherein the end indication comprises the identification of the second device.12.The device of any of claims 1-11, wherein the first device is further caused to:in response to receiving, from a third device, a start indication during a transmission of the carrier wave, perform at least one of the following:recording an identification of the third device;transmitting a refuse message to the third device;maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; orrestarting a transmission of the carrier wave based on the start indication.13.The device of any of claims 1-12, wherein the first device is further caused to:in response to receiving an end indication from a third device during transmission of the carrier wave, perform at least one of the following:recording an identification of the third device;transmitting a refuse message to the third device;maintaining the transmission of the carrier wave; ordetermining whether to stop the transmission of the carrier wave based on the end indication.14.The device of claim 13, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine whether a recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication; andin response to determining the recorded identification of the third device matches an identification comprised in the end indication, stop transmitting the carrier wave.15.The device of claim 1-13, wherein the carrier wave is transmitted separately via different channels corresponding to a plurality of second devices.16.The device of any of claims 1-15, wherein the first device is further caused to:in response to receiving a second indication comprising second power information from a third device during transmitting the carrier wave, compare a first transmit power of first power information of the target configuration pattern and a second transmit power of the second power information of the second indication;in response to determining that the first transmit power is less than or equal to the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the first power information; andin response to determining that the first transmit power is greater than the second transmit power, transmit the carrier wave based on the second power information.17.The device of any of claims 1-16, wherein the first device comprises carrier wave (CW) node, and the second device comprises at least one of a reader of the AIoT device or a network device.18.A second device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:transmit, to a second device, a first indication indicating a target configuration pattern for carrier wave of an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) device, the target configuration pattern comprising at least one of the following:time domain information of the carrier wave,frequency domain information of the carrier wave,power information of the carrier wave,spatial domain information of the carrier wave, oran identification of the second device.19.The device of claim 18, wherein the time domain information comprises time information of at least one time duration, and time information of each time duration comprises at least one of the following:a start time of the time durationan end time of the time duration,a time length of the time duration,an offset for the start time of the time duration, ora first gap between two adjacent time duration.20.The device of claim 19, wherein the time domain information comprises at least one of the following:time information of a first time duration associated with a first service type of the carrier wave,time information of a second time duration associated with a second service type of the carrier wave,a time duration index of the first time duration,a time duration index of the second time duration, ora second gap between the first time duration and the second time duration.
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