Above-ground open parking garage having small column grid, stilt ground floor, and solid beamless slabs

Abstract

A parking garage having a reinforced concrete structure. The parking garage is built above ground, and uses a small column grid dimension, a stilt ground floor, and solid beamless slabs. All standard floors are open on all sides. Column capitals or drop panels need to be provided at positions where top ends of independent support columns of a stilt ground floor and top ends of independent support columns of all the standard floors of the parking garage are in contact with the bottoms of the beamless slabs. The parking garage has low manufacturing costs, low construction difficulty, a short construction period, and low use and maintenance costs.

Description

An open type parking garage with ground type, small column grid, bottom floor suspended, solid slab without beam and open type I. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a small car parking garage of reinforced concrete structure, in particular to an open type small car parking garage with ground type, small column grid size, bottom floor suspended, solid slab without beam structure. II. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current small car parking garage is divided into two categories according to the material: one is mechanical parking garage, which has nine specific types. However, although it has been introduced into China for more than 30 years, its market share is only about 4%. The main reasons are as follows:

[0003] 1. High maintenance cost: the cost increases linearly after several years of use;

[0004] 2. Especially when the service life is 8-9 years, the owner calculates that the cumulative maintenance cost basically reaches the cost of replacement, and even after replacement, it is not new, and it is more cost-effective to scrap and demolish and build a new one;

[0005] 3. During the demolition period, the car-owning people cannot park their cars and have to overcome this not small trouble.

[0006] The second type is a small car parking garage of reinforced concrete structure. According to the construction site, it is divided into ground type and underground type. Their specific names are solid slab structure and prestressed hollow slab structure. According to the "Garage Building Design Specification" (JGJ100-2015) issued by the State Housing and Construction Department, page 17: Small car column grid size layout, we can know that each column grid plane is for parking three small cars (that is, there are three parking spaces), so we can know that the column grid size should be about 8m x 8m, so compared with the column grid size of the parking garage of the present application, which is 5m x 5m, it should belong to a larger column grid size. The column grid area of the parking garage of the present application only stops two small cars, i.e. only two small car parking spaces. (Because the net size of each small car parking space is stipulated by the state to be not less than 5.3m in length and not less than 2.4m in width. See "Garage Building Design Specification" (JGJ100-2015) p17: Table 4.3.4, the last two columns of specific values).

[0007] The size of the cross section of the column is minimum 0.5m x 0.5m, so the solid beam slab and the prestressed hollow beam slab, the transverse net size of each column grid is: 7.5m / 3 parking spaces = 2.5m / each parking space net width. This is the fundamental reason why all parking garages in China must use solid beam slab structure or prestressed hollow beam slab so far:

[0008] Because the floor area formed by each column grid size has more than sixty square meters of self-weight static load (8m x 8m = 64 square meters), plus the dynamic load of 3 cars, so it must be done to meet the load requirements.

[0009] The column grid size of the parking garage of the invention is 5.4m x 5.4m smaller column grid size, the floor area formed by its column grid is less than thirty square meters (5.4m x 5.4m = 29.16 square meters), the self-weight (static load) of its floor is only about 46% of the column grid of the above parking garage (29.16 square meters / 64 square meters = 45.6%), and only 2 cars are parked on the floor area (dynamic load = 2 cars / 3 cars = 67%).

[0010] Therefore, both the self-weight static load and the dynamic load are much smaller than the above structure of the parking garage, so it can adopt the form of solid beam slab structure. From this form, two important values are generated: the structural layer height of the parking garage of the invention can be lower than 2.2m, and the net height in the garage can be greater than 2.00m. It exactly meets the "General Code for Civil Buildings" (GB55031-2022) issued by the state, which is all provisions that must be compulsorily enforced. Its article 3.1.6 clause 1 clearly stipulates that the building space with structural layer height less than 2.2m does not count the building area; it must also meet the clear stipulation of article 3.2.7 that the minimum indoor net height of places with normal personnel activities should not be less than 2.00m (2m).

[0011] [According to the rules 9.2 correction 04.07.2025] So basically no construction party will build car park above ground: Because whether it is solid beam slab structure or prestressed hollow beam slab, its structure layer height will inevitably exceed 2.2 meters, the structure layer height of solid beam slab = (net height 2 meters + beam height dozens of centimeters + slab thickness dozens of centimeters); The structure layer height of prestressed hollow beam slab = (net height 2 meters + slab thickness 30 centimeters). As a result, the construction area must be calculated, which will bring two unfavorable results to the construction party: one is to share the floor price; The other is to offset the total building area above the ground.(For example: the total building area of a construction project is 100,000 square meters, if the solid beam slab structure or prestressed hollow slab structure parking garage of 20,000 square meters is built, the total building area above the ground will be offset, only 80,000 square meters left) The state also stipulates that the building area of the parking garage built below the ground, whether it is solid beam slab structure or prestressed hollow slab structure, is not calculated as the building area in the volume rate category (in plain language, it refers to the total building area on the ground). We have already known clearly that: the traditional two kinds of parking garage must calculate the building area, but the patent parking garage of the invention is according to the state "General Code for Civil Buildings". Therefore, they are not comparable, and therefore not the closest prior art.

[0012] So there are only two traditional structural forms of underground parking garage. We know from the Internet that the market share of solid beam slab structure above-ground parking garage is as high as 94% or so; Mechanical type is 3%; Ground type is only about 1.5%, and the market share of prestressed hollow beam slab of underground parking garage is also about 1.5%. So only the solid beam slab structure of underground parking garage is the closest prior art.

[0013] The main reason why basically no one adopts prestressed hollow slab is that each steel wire of the steel strand that plays the role of prestress needs to be horizontally tensioned to place by using a jack at both ends, and instruments are also used for detection, and then fixed at both ends after passing the test...... A plate area has hundreds or even thousands of such steel wires, which can imagine the technical difficulty and complexity.(The beamless slab of the patent parking garage is solid, so the construction difficulty is very small). III. Invention content:

[0014] The technical problem to be solved by the patent parking garage is the following series of problems objectively existing in underground parking garage:

[0015] (I) Many serious drawbacks of underground parking garage:

[0016] 1. Because underground parking garages use traditional technology, a bidding process is required. This results in a large number of bidders, often dozens or even hundreds, with only one winning the bid. The manpower, material resources, financial resources (costs), and time of the other unsuccessful bidders are wasted.

[0017] 2. The huge foundation pit of the underground parking garage requires the excavation of a large amount of earth and rock to be dumped at a construction waste and soil dumping site at a certain distance. Therefore, a considerable number of excavators, loaders, and dump trucks must be used, resulting in a large consumption of energy. In order to prevent the city roads from being polluted by soil, high-pressure water guns must be used to wash all the tires and bodies of every dump truck on the site, which also wastes water resources. Furthermore, since dump trucks are paid by piecework, drivers often "haul more and drive faster," causing many traffic accidents on the city roads.

[0018] Because this earthwork foundation pit is large and deep, the surrounding pit walls are prone to collapse, necessitating effective technical solutions. To prevent the negative impact of groundwater, the basement's floor slab, roof slab, and both the inner and outer surfaces of the four shear walls must be coated with at least two coats of waterproofing material, followed by a cement mortar protective layer. This significantly increases the construction cost of the underground parking garage.

[0019] 3. Because underground parking garages are located at a certain depth, their lighting, ventilation, and air permeability are extremely poor, and there are significant fire hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to implement smoke control and ventilation systems, automatic fire sprinkler systems, fire smoke detectors and automatic alarm systems, as well as electric roller shutters and other water and electrical equipment and facilities, which are quite expensive.

[0020] 4. Long construction period: According to the national "Construction Project Construction Period Regulation" page 6, number 1-43 (excavation of Class I soil, three-story basement, total building area within 10,000 to 15,000 square meters), the stipulated construction period is 240 days.

[0021] 5. Since the underground parking garage is located underground, it is impossible to include green areas. Therefore, there are no green landscape features or ecological benefits.

[0022] [Revised according to Detailed Rules 9.2 04.07.2025] 6. Underground parking garages are located several meters below the ground. When the city is experiencing summer rainstorms and floods, a large amount of water on the ground will flow into the underground parking garage, turning it into an "underground reservoir".

[0023] 7. The application scenarios for underground parking garages are very limited: they are only applicable to the main building of a construction project and the outdoor ground surface below.

[0024] 8. The average construction cost of each parking space in an underground parking garage is quite high, reaching 120,000 yuan per space. This is only the direct cost. Adding in dozens of other costs and expenses, which account for at least 80%, the total cost would be: 120,000 yuan * 1.8 = 216,000 yuan. Indeed, the price is very high.

[0025] [Revised according to Rule 9.2, 04.07.2025]

[0026] According to relevant national regulations, the parking garage of this invention is no longer included in the building area. This means that compared to underground parking garages, it is an object of the same size and is completely comparable. Therefore, let's make a realistic, head-to-head comparison so that everyone can make a fair and impartial judgment.

[0027] The major advantages of this patented parking garage technology:

[0028] 1. According to Article 16, Paragraph (1) of State Council Decree No. 662 and Article 9, Paragraph (1) of Decree No. 613, for construction projects employing irreplaceable patented technologies, the surveying, design, and general construction contracting can be directly awarded by the construction party. (That is to say, bidding is no longer required). This saves both parties, especially the bidding party, considerable manpower, material resources, costs, and time.

[0029] 2. Because the parking garage of this invention is built above ground, only a small amount of earth and stone needs to be excavated. This earth and stone can be stockpiled at the construction site without affecting construction and can later be used as backfill and landscaping soil. Therefore, it saves a significant amount of energy consumption and water resources, and eliminates road traffic accidents and soil pollution on city roads.

[0030] 3. Because the parking garage of this invention is built above ground and has open exterior walls, it has excellent lighting, ventilation, and air permeability. Only a lighting system, fire hydrant boxes, and appropriate foam and dry powder fire extinguishers are needed to fully meet fire safety requirements, saving significant equipment and facility costs.

[0031] 4. Short construction period: the construction period of the independent multi-layered three-dimensional parking garage with 300-400 parking spaces (with a total construction area of more than 10,000 square meters) is only 130-140 days (compared with the 240-day construction period of the traditional underground parking garage mentioned above, which is a saving of 100 days); if there is simultaneous construction of other main buildings, there is no construction period of even one day (the reason is as follows: the construction period of the main buildings is generally more than 200 days, and in the case of simultaneous construction, the construction period of the patent parking garage is less than that of the main buildings, so it is included in the construction period of the main buildings, and therefore it is no longer calculated). The reason why the construction period of the underground parking garage must be calculated is that the main building above the underground parking garage cannot be constructed until the underground parking garage is completed, so the construction period of the underground parking garage must be calculated, and the reason is as follows.

[0032] 5. The patent parking garage is located above ground with the ground floor being elevated and used as green landscape land, and the area of the rain shed board outside the outer wall of each floor of the parking garage is used as a ring-shaped green belt, and the roof area is also used as a roof garden. The combination of these three types of green areas makes the building a city three-dimensional green landmark building with a pleasant appearance, excellent green landscape, and ecological and environmental benefits. Compared with an underground parking garage without any green plants, it is like a "heaven" and a "underground" difference.

[0033] 6. Also because the patent parking garage is constructed above ground with the ground floor being elevated, it can be closely monitored by the local meteorological department before the arrival of the summer flood disaster every year, and all parking spaces can be fully occupied. Even if the ground water is two or three meters high, it cannot do anything to all the cars in the parking garage. After the flood recedes for a few days or a few weeks, the ground is cleaned of garbage and silt, and the elevators are repaired, and the patent parking garage can be used normally again: "waterlogged cars, waterlogged cars" will never happen again.

[0034] 7、The ground of the invention can be the green landscape ground of urban park, can be the municipal public green land of city, can be the outdoor greening ground of construction engineering project or the area of public activity place, and the place where a layer of small cars is only open-air parked like "large pancake" on the ground of city, and the upper space of sidewalk and non-motor vehicle lane on both sides of road. (But the last two parking modes are the most wasteful of the precious land resources of city.) That is to say: they all have specific purposes, and the parking garage of the invention can be built in the "air" of the upper part thereof, and the area and three-dimensional space in the "air" of the upper part thereof are taken on the premise that the present established purposes thereof are completely retained, and hundreds or even more parking spaces of the patented technology are built in the "air" of the upper part thereof. In addition, the patented parking garage can also make full use of all the land areas of city which basically have no economic value, such as ditch, canal, lake, pond, beach, slope land, valley land and the like. There is no difficulty in technology, and it is only required to ensure that the upper end faces of all independent support columns of the bottom floor are located on a unified horizontal plane, so that each standard layer of the upper part can be constructed in an orderly manner.

[0035] That is to say, the land utilization of the traditional underground parking garage has only one scene, but the ground utilization scene of the patented parking garage of the invention is up to dozens of kinds, and the source of the applicable land thereof is greatly expanded. Even if the land resources of Shenzhen city are very nervous, and the parking space gap is huge (more than two million), the parking garage of the invention can also be completely solved.

[0036] 8、The construction cost of each parking space of the patented parking garage of the invention is only about 45,000 yuan, and this calculation result is accurate after being calculated and reviewed by several professional technical personnel in the aspect of cost. According to the coefficient of 80% of the total cost and fee to be increased, the price of each parking space is only 8.1 million yuan (4.5 million yuan*1.8 coefficient). Compared with the two, the price difference of each parking space of the patented technology of the invention and the traditional underground parking space is up to 13.5 million yuan (21.6 million yuan-8.1 million yuan).

[0037] [According to the amendment of rule 9.2, 04.07.2025]9、Since the total cost of the traditional underground parking garage is allocated to the total area of the main building above the ground, the cost of more than one thousand yuan per square meter is allocated to the house price. After the patented parking garage of the invention is adopted, since it is built separately and is not confused with the main building on the ground, the total cost of the underground parking garage per square meter is not allocated. (Three), beneficial effects:

[0038] According to the above, the technical effects of the patent parking garage can be summarized as follows:

[0039] [According to Rule 9.2, 04.07.2025] 1. The project using the patent technology does not need to be tendered, and can be directly contracted by the construction party, saving a lot of manpower, material resources, cost and time paid by both parties, especially the tendering party.

[0040] 2. Since the patent parking garage is built above the ground, it saves a lot of energy, water resource consumption, and civil engineering cost compared with the traditional underground parking garage.

[0041] 3. Also because the patent parking garage is built above the ground, and the outer wall is open, the lighting, ventilation and air permeability are good, and compared with the traditional underground parking garage, a lot of equipment cost is saved.

[0042] 4. The construction period of the patent parking garage is very short. If constructed alone, the construction period of a parking garage with three hundred to four hundred parking spaces is only one hundred and several dozen days. If constructed simultaneously with other main buildings, since the construction period of the main building is often longer than that of the patent parking garage, the construction period of the patent parking garage does not need to be calculated separately.

[0043] 5. The patent parking garage has an overhead layer ground greening area, and the outer wall of each layer of the parking garage is paved with a canopy board, soil, fertilizer and appropriate watering of the greening belt area, and the roof garden area. The three areas together form a three-dimensional green building.

[0044] 6. The patent parking garage is built above the ground, and the bottom floor overhead layer has a certain net height, so there is no "water-flooded car, water-bloated car" tragedy during the summer flood disaster.

[0045] 7. The application scenarios of the ground of the overhead layer can reach dozens of kinds, which is tens of times wider than the traditional underground parking garage. Even in a first-tier city like Shenzhen where land resources are extremely scarce, a large number of applicable land scenarios can be found according to this idea, so the gap of more than two million car parking spaces in Shenzhen can be completely solved.

[0046] 8, The average construction cost of each parking space of the patent parking garage is very low, only about 45,000 yuan, and the total cost is only 8.1 million yuan, which is 4.5 million yuan*1.8 coefficient. Compared with the total cost of 21.6 million yuan per parking space of the traditional underground parking garage calculated above, it saves 13.5 million yuan (21.6 million yuan-8.1 million yuan)=13.5 million yuan. How unbelievable is the economic benefit, but it is a true fact.

[0047] 9, Since the patent parking garage is constructed separately and the cost is also calculated separately, unlike the traditional underground parking garage, the total cost is allocated to the total building area above the ground. Therefore, the adoption of the patent parking garage can directly reduce the housing price per square meter of building area by one thousand yuan. And the construction party has all the independent accounting vouchers in hand, which can be used as legal evidence, and the investment construction party can reasonably and legally collect the parking fee income of the patent parking garage. Four, description of drawings:

[0048] The specification of the patent parking garage includes four drawings. The drawings are described as follows:

[0049] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the bottom floor of the multi-layer three-dimensional parking garage (the floor of the air layer is a green landscape function floor)

[0050] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the planar arrangement of the standard layer of the multi-layer three-dimensional parking garage

[0051] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal cross-section color effect of the standard layer of the multi-layer three-dimensional parking garage

[0052] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the color effect of the front elevation, side elevation, and roof garden of the multi-layer three-dimensional parking garage 1-Independent support column, 2-Solid slab of standard layer, 3-Open outer wall (i.e. car retaining wall around), 4-Ring canopy plate outside the car retaining wall around (used as a ring green belt), 5-Plane position of vertical elevator (all drawing design, production, assembly and debugging are responsible by the production manufacturer).

[0053] 6, Column cap or support plate Five, specific implementation:

[0054] A green space of a city park, or a city public green space, or an outdoor green space of a residential area of a building project of a construction party. Then use a level, a theodolite, a long tape measure and other measuring tools to accurately determine the column grid size and the horizontal elevation on the green space. The column grid size of each parking area is 5.4 meters by 5.4 meters, which is the center line of the independent support column. Only the middle row of 11 longitudinal spans, because it is the longitudinal passage of the car parking garage, so its net width needs to meet the national requirement of 5.5 meters, so plus the size of the independent support column of 0.4 meters, the column grid center line size is 5.9 meters (5.5 meters + 0.4 meters = 5.9 meters). The floor length of the basement of the invention is 59.8 meters, multiplied by the width of 17.1 meters, the area = 1022.6 square meters. On the floor of the elevated layer, all are original green landscapes with established purposes. (See Figure 1) The cross-sectional size of all independent support columns of the elevated layer is 40 cm by 40 cm (i.e. 0.4 meters by 0.4 meters). The foundation uses a pile foundation (so it does not need to dig a large amount of earthwork), the upper end of the pile is poured together with a cast-in-place reinforced concrete pile cap, and the lower part of the main reinforcement of each independent support column of the elevated layer is also inserted into the middle part of the reinforced concrete pile cap to prepare for the subsequent process. The top elevation of the pile cap is several tens of centimeters lower than the green surface, which provides favorable conditions for backfilling soil for greening in the future. The earthwork volume of each pile cap is about two cubic meters, as can be seen from Figure 1: the bottom elevated layer has only 11 longitudinal spans and 3 lateral spans. There are only 48 independent support columns, and the earthwork volume of the lower 48 pile caps is less than 100 cubic meters. It can be stacked in a place that does not affect construction. It can be used as backfilling soil or greening soil in the future. The net height of the independent support column of the basement, there are several height requirements of the state (according to the passage of different objects: 1. When pedestrians and non-motor vehicles pass through, the net height shall not be less than 2.5 meters; 2. When a large motor vehicle passes through a layer, the net height shall not be less than 3.6 meters; when a double-decker bus passes through, the net height shall not be less than 4.5 meters; when a trolleybus or a trackless bus passes through, the net height shall not be less than 5 meters). These different net height requirements can be determined by the construction party. There is no need to expand on the conventional construction method.

[0055] The column grid size of the independent support column of the standard layer of the patent parking garage of figure 2 is completely consistent with the column grid size of the independent support column of the overhead layer. It can be seen that on the left and right sides of the longitudinal car two-way channel, the parking space area formed by each column grid size can park two cars, that is, there are two parking spaces. There are 22 parking space areas on both sides of the car channel, which can have 44 parking spaces. However, the net height is set to 2.03 meters, and the thickness of the solid slab is set to 16 centimeters, that is, 0.16 meters. In this way, it completely meets the mandatory provisions of article 3.1.6, paragraph 1 and article 3.2.7 of the General Code for Civil Buildings: the building space with a structural layer height of less than 2.2 meters is not calculated as the building area; at the same time, it also meets the two mandatory provisions that the indoor net height of the place where people normally move should not be less than 2.00m (2 meters).

[0056] The patent parking garage can completely meet the following two conditions: the structural layer height=(independent support column net height 2.03 meters + 0.16 meters solid slab thickness)=2.19 meters, and the indoor net height is the net height of the independent support column=2.03 meters.

[0057] As for the pile cap foundation, the independent support column, the solid slab, the car parking space around the retaining wall, and the concrete grade of the canopy slab, the reinforcement of the steel bars in the concrete is finally determined by the technical personnel of the building structure design professional through careful calculation and three-level auditing. It is not necessary to repeat it here. Just a reminder: the net height of the outer side of the ring-shaped canopy slab should be at least thirty or forty centimeters high, so that the soil of thirty or forty centimeters thick as the green belt is not likely to overflow.

[0058] The upper port of all independent support columns (including the overhead layer and all standard layers) is in contact with the bottom of the solid slab. The column cap or the supporting plate is arranged at the contact position. In this way, two effects can be achieved: 1 is to further reduce the net span size of the slab; 2 is to enhance the anti-punching force of the slab to the column.

[0059] Figure 3 is a color effect horizontal sectional view of the standard layer of the patent parking garage. We can see the independent support column of the standard layer, the area formed by each column grid size can park two cars (two parking spaces), and the car retaining wall around it, and the ring-shaped green belt outside the retaining wall is transformed by the ring-shaped canopy slab. (The net width is about one meter), and the area of the ring-shaped green belt of each standard layer is 1500 square meters.

[0060] In this way, after the first layer of the standard layer is completed, it is similar to the above, and the normal construction is carried out layer by layer to complete the target task of the patent parking garage.

[0061] Figure 4 is a color rendering of the front elevation, side elevation and roof garden of the patented parking garage. We can see that it has ten standard floors, that is, a total of 440 parking spaces (44 per standard floor * 10 floors).

[0062] In addition, there are thousands of square meters of green landscape area: = the ground floor of the overhead layer (1022.6 square meters - 8 square meters occupied by the ground independent support column) + (11 layers of circular green belts: 150 square meters per layer * 11 layers) + about 1,000 square meters of roof garden (already deducting the area of about 22 square meters occupied by the car retaining wall around) = 1015 square meters (overhead ground floor) + 1650 square meters (all circular green belts) + 1000 (roof garden) = 3675 square meters of green landscape area.

[0063] Compared with the area of 1022 square meters of green space originally intended for use as a park, urban public green space, or outdoor green space in the community: not only has it not reduced 1 square meter of green space, but it has also greatly increased 2653 square meters of green landscape area. (The total area of green landscape now is 3675 square meters - the original overhead ground floor green area of 1022 square meters) = 2653 square meters of green area.

[0064] In addition to this, 440 car parking spaces have been built in the upper air, i.e. "air", of the original green landscape site.

[0065] [Corrected according to Rule 9.2 04.07.2025] The main change is the change in the column grid size of the traditional parking garage (from the previous larger column grid size of 8 meters by 8 meters, to the smaller column grid size of five meters by five meters of the patented parking garage now), which can adopt the structure of solid slab, and the structural layer height and indoor net height of the building space can fully meet the two specific provisions of the national mandatory provisions. A series of technical effects are produced.

[0066] [Corrected according to Rule 9.2 04.07.2025]

[0067] [Corrected according to Rule 9.2 04.07.2025]

[0068] [Corrected according to Rule 9.2 04.07.2025]

[0069] [Corrected according to Rule 9.2 04.07.2025]

Claims

1. An open-type parking garage of ground type, small column net, bottom floor, solid slab, and beamless, characterized in that: It is a reinforced concrete building constructed above ground, with small column grid size, the ground floor is elevated, suitable for various specific purposes and ground of little value; solid slab structure without beams, all standard floors are open multistory parking garage with four sides.

2. According to claim 1: a ground small column grid elevated ground floor solid slab open parking garage; the independent support column of the ground floor elevated layer and the contact between the upper end of the independent support column of all standard floor parking garage and the bottom of the slab without beams, all need to be provided with column caps or supporting plates.

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