Method and device for location measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method and a device for location measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies. A method performed by a first electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may comprise the steps of: receiving a first Bluetooth low energy (BLE) advertisement packet advertised by a second electronic device; obtaining location information of the first electronic device on the basis of ultra-wideband (UWB) downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA); advertising a second BLE advertisement packet including the location information of the first electronic device; and performing a transaction with the second electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area on the basis of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB two-way ranging (TWR).

Description

Method and device for location measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a method and device for position measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies.

[0002] With the advancement of wireless communication technology, electronic devices can now communicate with other electronic devices through various wireless communication technologies. Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication technology that allows electronic devices to connect and exchange data and information. It can include Bluetooth Legacy (or Classic) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). BLE is widely used in IoT (Internet of Things) devices because it enables efficient data transmission while reducing power consumption. UWB (ultra-wideband) is also a short-range wireless communication technology that uses narrow pulses across a wide frequency band, enabling communication with very low power. UWB offers high accuracy, especially in distance measurement.

[0003] A variety of electronic devices (e.g., smartphones, wearable devices, etc.) utilizing these wireless communication technologies are being developed, and these technologies are also being applied to existing electronic devices (e.g., home appliances, gate devices, etc.). Consequently, electronic devices are now able to provide a variety of services using wireless communication technologies.

[0004] Recently, new types of services have become possible by leveraging multiple wireless technologies, rather than just a single one. These multi-radio technologies can offer greater efficiency and reliability through their complementary characteristics. For example, the combined use of BLE and UWB allows for more sophisticated location-based services, combining the low-power characteristics of BLE with the high location accuracy of UWB.

[0005] Accordingly, measures are needed to effectively provide these new forms of services.

[0006] The present disclosure provides a method and device for position measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies.

[0007] A method performed by a first electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include: receiving a first Bluetooth low energy (BLE) advertisement packet advertised by a second electronic device; obtaining location information of the first electronic device based on ultra-wideband (UWB) downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA); advertising a second BLE advertisement packet including location information of the first electronic device; and performing a transaction with the second electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on the UWB DL-TDoA and UWB two-way ranging (TWR).

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method and device for position measurement and transaction using multiple wireless technologies can be provided.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device within a network environment according to various embodiments.

[0010] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a contactless gate system utilizing a location measurement and transaction method using multiple wireless technologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 3 shows a method for performing UWB communication.

[0012] Figures 4a to 4c illustrate a method for performing UWB ranging.

[0013] Figure 5 is a diagram for explaining UWB DL-TDoA.

[0014] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a location measurement and transaction method using multiple wireless technologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the format of a BLE advertising packet according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR when a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a multi-gate device.

[0017] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR in the first mode when the second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a single gate device.

[0018] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR in a second mode when a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a single gate device.

[0019] FIG. 11 is a drawing for explaining an operation of a first electronic device (601) passing through a transaction area and performing a transaction between a first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIGS. 12A to 12C are diagrams for explaining a method for improving positioning accuracy using UWB DL-TDoA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams for explaining a method for improving positioning accuracy using UWB TWR and AoA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 14a and FIG. 14b are diagrams for explaining a transaction method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 15 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a first electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 16 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] A method performed by a first electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include: receiving a first Bluetooth low energy (BLE) advertisement packet advertised by a second electronic device; obtaining location information of the first electronic device based on ultra-wideband (UWB) downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA); advertising a second BLE advertisement packet including location information of the first electronic device; and performing a transaction with the second electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on the UWB DL-TDoA and UWB two-way ranging (TWR).

[0026] In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet includes at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device, and area information of the second electronic device, and the method may further include a step of obtaining place information including at least one of location information of a UWB anchor, information of the second electronic device, session setup information related to UWB, and information of the transaction area based on the place ID.

[0027] In one embodiment, the method may further include the step of turning on a UWB module of the first electronic device when receiving the first BLE advertisement packet.

[0028] In one embodiment, the second electronic device is a multi-gate device, and a session interval of a UWB session for the UWB DL-TDoA and the UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, a first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot are allocated for TWR ranging, and the plurality of time slots can be determined based on a length of the first time slot.

[0029] In one embodiment, the second electronic device is a single-gate device, and a session interval of a UWB session for the UWB DL-TDoA and the UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, a first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot are sequentially allocated with slot indices starting from 0, and when operating in a first mode, time slots having odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, and when operating in a second mode, time slots having slot indices between 0 and even numbers can be allocated for TWR ranging.

[0030] In one embodiment, the step of performing the UWB DL-TDoA includes the steps of performing a number of ranging rounds equal to the number of UWB anchors; calculating a standard deviation for positioning results according to each ranging round; and determining an average of three positions having the smallest standard deviations among the plurality of positioning results as the position of the first electronic device, wherein each UWB anchor can take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0031] In one embodiment, the step of performing a transaction with the second electronic device may include the steps of: obtaining an expected distance range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device; measuring a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the UWB TWR; and determining whether to perform the transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range.

[0032] In one embodiment, the step of performing the UWB DL-TDoA includes the steps of performing a number of ranging rounds equal to the number of UWB anchors; calculating a standard deviation for positioning results according to each ranging round; and determining an average of three positions having the smallest standard deviations among the plurality of positioning results as the position of the first electronic device, wherein each UWB anchor can take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0033] In one embodiment, the step of performing a transaction with the second electronic device may include the steps of: obtaining an expected distance range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device; measuring a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the UWB TWR; and determining whether to perform the transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range.

[0034] In one embodiment, the step of performing a transaction with the second electronic device may include the steps of: obtaining an expected angle of arrival (AoA) range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device; obtaining an AoA of a UWB signal received by the second electronic device; and determining whether to perform the transaction based on the obtained AoA and the expected AoA range.

[0035] In one embodiment, the transaction may be performed via a cellular system or a hybrid UWB session (HUS).

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first electronic device includes a first communication circuit for supporting Bluetooth communication; a second communication circuit for supporting UWB communication; at least one processor; and a memory for storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, are configured to cause the first electronic device to receive a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet advertised by a second electronic device, obtain location information of the first electronic device based on UWB (ultra-wideband) DL-TDoA (downlink time difference of arrival), advertise a second BLE advertisement packet including location information of the first electronic device, and perform a transaction with the second electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on UWB DL-TDoA and UWB two-way ranging (TWR).

[0037] A method performed by a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure may include: advertising a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet; receiving a second BLE advertisement packet advertised by the first electronic device and including location information of the first electronic device; and performing a transaction with the first electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on the location information and UWB two-way ranging (TWR) of the first electronic device.

[0038] In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet may include at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device, and area information of the second electronic device.

[0039] In one embodiment, the second BLE advertising packet includes at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, and location information of the first electronic device, and the step of performing a transaction with the first electronic device may include a step of determining, based on the location information of the first electronic device, whether the first electronic device is located within a predetermined distance for performing the transaction.

[0040] In one embodiment, the second electronic device is a multi-gate device, and the location information of the first electronic device is acquired from the first electronic device based on UWB DL-TDoA, and a session interval of a UWB session for the UWB DL-TDoA and the UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and a first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except for the first time slot are allocated for TWR ranging, and the plurality of time slots can be determined based on a length of the first time slot.

[0041] In one embodiment, the second electronic device is a single-gate device, and the location information of the first electronic device is acquired from the first electronic device based on UWB DL-TDoA, and a session interval of a UWB session for the UWB DL-TDoA and the UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and a first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except for the first time slot are sequentially allocated with slot indices starting from 0, and when operating in a first mode, time slots having odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, and when operating in a second mode, time slots having slot indices between 0 and even numbers can be allocated for TWR ranging.

[0042] In one embodiment, the location information of the first electronic device is acquired based on UWB DL-TDoA in the first electronic device, and the step of performing the UWB DL-TDoA in the first electronic device includes the step of performing ranging rounds as many as the number of UWB anchors; and the step of determining three average positions with the smallest standard deviations among a plurality of positioning results as the location of the first electronic device, and each UWB anchor can take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0043] In one embodiment, the step of performing a transaction with the first electronic device may include the step of obtaining an expected distance range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on location information of the first electronic device; measuring a distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the UWB TWR; and determining whether to perform the transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range.

[0044] In one embodiment, the step of performing a transaction with the first electronic device may include the step of obtaining an expected AoA (angle of arrival) range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on location information of the first electronic device; obtaining an AoA of a UWB signal received by the second electronic device; and determining whether to perform the transaction based on the obtained AoA and the expected AoA range.

[0045] In one embodiment, the transaction may be performed via a cellular system or a hybrid UWB session (HUS).

[0046] A second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first communication circuit for supporting Bluetooth communication; a second communication circuit for supporting UWB communication; at least one processor; and a memory for storing instructions, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, are configured to cause the second electronic device to advertise a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet, the first electronic device to receive a second BLE advertisement packet that includes location information of the first electronic device, and to perform a transaction with the first electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on the location information and UWB two-way ranging (TWR) of the first electronic device.

[0047] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can easily implement the present disclosure. However, the disclosed embodiments may be implemented in various different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein. Furthermore, in order to clearly explain the present disclosure, parts irrelevant to the description have been omitted in the drawings, and similar parts have been designated with similar reference numerals throughout the specification.

[0048] The terms used in this disclosure are described as currently common terms, taking into account the functions mentioned herein. However, these terms may mean various other terms depending on the intentions of those skilled in the art, precedents, the emergence of new technologies, etc. Therefore, the terms used in this disclosure should not be interpreted solely based on their names, but rather based on the meanings of the terms and the overall content of this disclosure.

[0049] Additionally, while terms such as "first" and "second" may be used to describe various components, the components are not limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one component from another.

[0050] In this disclosure, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only cases where it is "directly connected," but also cases where it is "electrically connected" or "operatively connected" with another element in between. Furthermore, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, this does not exclude other components, but rather may include other components, unless specifically stated otherwise.

[0051] The phrases “in one embodiment” and the like appearing in various places throughout this disclosure do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0052] In the present disclosure, communication link management includes operations for providing seamless communication by managing the communication link between a wearable electronic device and an electronic device, depending on whether the user is wearing the wearable electronic device. For example, communication link management may include creating, maintaining, releasing, and monitoring the communication link. However, this is merely an example, and communication link management is not limited thereto and may include various operations, such as transmission power adjustment, channel coding, and modulation.

[0053] Additionally, the connecting lines or connecting members between components depicted in the drawings are merely exemplary representations of functional connections and / or physical or circuit connections. In an actual device, connections between components may be represented by various functional connections, physical connections, or circuit connections that may be replaced or added.

[0054] The present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings below.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 1, in a network environment (100), an electronic device (101) may communicate with an electronic device (102) via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range wireless communication network), or may communicate with at least one of an electronic device (104) or a server (108) via a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range wireless communication network). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may communicate with the electronic device (104) via the server (108). According to one embodiment, the electronic device (101) may include a processor (120), a memory (130), an input module (150), an audio output module (155), a display module (160), an audio module (170), a sensor module (176), an interface (177), a connection terminal (178), a haptic module (179), a camera module (180), a power management module (188), a battery (189), a communication module (190), a subscriber identification module (196), or an antenna module (197). In some embodiments, the electronic device (101) may omit at least one of these components (e.g., the connection terminal (178)), or may have one or more other components added. In some embodiments, some of these components (e.g., the sensor module (176), the camera module (180), or the antenna module (197)) may be integrated into one component (e.g., the display module (160)).

[0056] The processor (120) may, for example, execute software (e.g., a program (140)) to control at least one other component (e.g., a hardware or software component) of the electronic device (101) connected to the processor (120) and perform various data processing or calculations. According to one embodiment, as at least a part of the data processing or calculations, the processor (120) may store commands or data received from other components (e.g., a sensor module (176) or a communication module (190)) in a volatile memory (132), process the commands or data stored in the volatile memory (132), and store result data in a non-volatile memory (134). According to one embodiment, the processor (120) may include a main processor (121) (e.g., a central processing unit or an application processor) or a secondary processor (123) (e.g., a graphics processing unit, a neural processing unit (NPU), an image signal processor, a sensor hub processor, or a communication processor)) that can operate independently or together therewith. For example, if the electronic device (101) includes a main processor (121) and a secondary processor (123), the secondary processor (123) may be configured to use less power than the main processor (121) or to be specialized for a specified function. The secondary processor (123) may be implemented separately from the main processor (121) or as a part thereof.

[0057] The auxiliary processor (123) may control at least a portion of functions or states associated with at least one component (e.g., a display module (160), a sensor module (176), or a communication module (190)) of the electronic device (101), for example, on behalf of the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an inactive (e.g., sleep) state, or together with the main processor (121) while the main processor (121) is in an active (e.g., application execution) state. In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., an image signal processor or a communication processor) may be implemented as a part of another functionally related component (e.g., a camera module (180) or a communication module (190)). In one embodiment, the auxiliary processor (123) (e.g., a neural network processing unit) may include a hardware structure specialized for processing artificial intelligence models. The artificial intelligence models may be generated through machine learning. This learning can be performed, for example, on the electronic device (101) itself where the artificial intelligence model is executed, or can be performed through a separate server (e.g., server (108)). The learning algorithm can include, for example, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, semi-supervised learning, or reinforcement learning, but is not limited to the examples described above. The artificial intelligence model can include multiple artificial neural network layers.The artificial neural network may be one of a deep neural network (DNN), a convolutional neural network (CNN), a recurrent neural network (RNN), a restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), a deep belief network (DBN), a bidirectional recurrent deep neural network (BRDNN), a deep Q-network, or a combination of two or more of the above, but is not limited to the examples described above. In addition to, or alternatively to, a hardware structure, an artificial intelligence model may include a software structure.

[0058] The memory (130) can store various data used by at least one component (e.g., processor (120) or sensor module (176)) of the electronic device (101). The data can include, for example, software (e.g., program (140)) and input data or output data for commands related thereto. The memory (130) can include volatile memory (132) or non-volatile memory (134).

[0059] The program (140) may be stored as software in the memory (130) and may include, for example, an operating system (142), middleware (144), or an application (146).

[0060] The input module (150) can receive commands or data to be used in a component of the electronic device (101) (e.g., a processor (120)) from an external source (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The input module (150) can include, for example, a microphone, a mouse, a keyboard, a key (e.g., a button), or a digital pen (e.g., a stylus pen).

[0061] The audio output module (155) can output audio signals to the outside of the electronic device (101). The audio output module (155) can include, for example, a speaker or a receiver. The speaker can be used for general purposes, such as multimedia playback or recording playback. The receiver can be used to receive incoming calls. In one embodiment, the receiver can be implemented separately from the speaker or as part of the speaker.

[0062] The display module (160) can visually provide information to an external party (e.g., a user) of the electronic device (101). The display module (160) may include, for example, a display, a holographic device, or a projector and a control circuit for controlling the device. In one embodiment, the display module (160) may include a touch sensor configured to detect a touch, or a pressure sensor configured to measure the intensity of a force generated by the touch.

[0063] The audio module (170) can convert sound into an electrical signal, or vice versa, convert an electrical signal into sound. According to one embodiment, the audio module (170) can acquire sound through the input module (150), output sound through the sound output module (155), or an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)) (e.g., speaker or headphone) directly or wirelessly connected to the electronic device (101).

[0064] The sensor module (176) can detect the operating status (e.g., power or temperature) of the electronic device (101) or the external environmental status (e.g., user status) and generate an electrical signal or data value corresponding to the detected status. According to one embodiment, the sensor module (176) can include, for example, a gesture sensor, a gyro sensor, a barometric pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a grip sensor, a proximity sensor, a color sensor, an IR (infrared) sensor, a biometric sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, or an illuminance sensor.

[0065] The interface (177) may support one or more designated protocols that may be used to directly or wirelessly connect the electronic device (101) with an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (102)). In one embodiment, the interface (177) may include, for example, a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a universal serial bus (USB) interface, an SD card interface, or an audio interface.

[0066] The connection terminal (178) may include a connector through which the electronic device (101) may be physically connected to an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102)). According to one embodiment, the connection terminal (178) may include, for example, an HDMI connector, a USB connector, an SD card connector, or an audio connector (e.g., a headphone connector).

[0067] A haptic module (179) can convert electrical signals into mechanical stimuli (e.g., vibration or movement) or electrical stimuli that a user can perceive through tactile or kinesthetic sensations. In one embodiment, the haptic module (179) can include, for example, a motor, a piezoelectric element, or an electrical stimulation device.

[0068] The camera module (180) can capture still images and videos. According to one embodiment, the camera module (180) may include one or more lenses, image sensors, image signal processors, or flashes.

[0069] The power management module (188) can manage power supplied to the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, the power management module (188) can be implemented, for example, as at least a part of a power management integrated circuit (PMIC).

[0070] A battery (189) may power at least one component of the electronic device (101). In one embodiment, the battery (189) may include, for example, a non-rechargeable primary battery, a rechargeable secondary battery, or a fuel cell.

[0071] The communication module (190) may support the establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (e.g., electronic device (102), electronic device (104), or server (108)), and the performance of communication through the established communication channel. The communication module (190) may operate independently from the processor (120) (e.g., application processor) and may include one or more communication processors that support direct (e.g., wired) communication or wireless communication. According to one embodiment, the communication module (190) may include a wireless communication module (192) (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module (194) (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power line communication module). Among these communication modules, the corresponding communication module can communicate with an external electronic device (104) via a first network (198) (e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, ultra-wideband (UWB), wireless fidelity (WiFi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or a second network (199) (e.g., a long-range communication network such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)). These various types of communication modules can be integrated into a single component (e.g., a single chip) or implemented as a plurality of separate components (e.g., multiple chips). The wireless communication module (192) can verify or authenticate the electronic device (101) within a communication network such as the first network (198) or the second network (199) by using subscriber information (e.g., an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI)) stored in the subscriber identification module (196).

[0072] The wireless communication module (192) can support 5G networks and next-generation communication technologies following the 4G network, such as NR access technology (new radio access technology). The NR access technology can support high-speed transmission of high-capacity data (eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband)), minimization of terminal power and connection of multiple terminals (mMTC (massive machine type communications)), or high reliability and low latency (URLLC (ultra-reliable and low-latency communications)). The wireless communication module (192) can support, for example, a high-frequency band (e.g., mmWave band) to achieve a high data transmission rate. The wireless communication module (192) can support various technologies for securing performance in a high-frequency band, such as beamforming, massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antenna, analog beam-forming, or large scale antenna. The wireless communication module (192) can support various requirements specified in the electronic device (101), an external electronic device (e.g., the electronic device (104)), or a network system (e.g., the second network (199)). According to one embodiment, the wireless communication module (192) can support a peak data rate (e.g., 20 Gbps or more) for eMBB realization, a loss coverage (e.g., 164 dB or less) for mMTC realization, or a U-plane latency (e.g., 0.5 ms or less for downlink (DL) and uplink (UL), or 1 ms or less for round trip) for URLLC realization.

[0073] The antenna module (197) can transmit or receive signals or power to or from an external device (e.g., an external electronic device). In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may include an antenna including a radiator formed of a conductor or a conductive pattern formed on a substrate (e.g., a PCB). In one embodiment, the antenna module (197) may include a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna). In this case, at least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network, such as the first network (198) or the second network (199), may be selected from the plurality of antennas by, for example, the communication module (190). A signal or power may be transmitted or received between the communication module (190) and an external electronic device through the selected at least one antenna. In some embodiments, in addition to the radiator, another component (e.g., a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC)) may be additionally formed as a part of the antenna module (197).

[0074] According to various embodiments, the antenna module (197) may form a mmWave antenna module. According to one embodiment, the mmWave antenna module may include a printed circuit board, an RFIC disposed on or adjacent a first side (e.g., a bottom side) of the printed circuit board and capable of supporting a designated high frequency band (e.g., a mmWave band), and a plurality of antennas (e.g., an array antenna) disposed on or adjacent a second side (e.g., a top side or a side side) of the printed circuit board and capable of transmitting or receiving signals in the designated high frequency band.

[0075] At least some of the above components can be interconnected and exchange signals (e.g., commands or data) with each other via a communication method between peripheral devices (e.g., a bus, GPIO (general purpose input and output), SPI (serial peripheral interface), or MIPI (mobile industry processor interface)).

[0076] According to one embodiment, commands or data may be transmitted or received between the electronic device (101) and an external electronic device (104) via a server (108) connected to a second network (199). Each of the external electronic devices (102 or 104) may be the same or a different type of device as the electronic device (101). According to one embodiment, all or part of the operations executed in the electronic device (101) may be executed in one or more of the external electronic devices (102, 104, or 108). For example, when the electronic device (101) is to perform a certain function or service automatically or in response to a request from a user or another device, the electronic device (101) may, instead of or in addition to executing the function or service itself, request one or more external electronic devices to perform the function or at least a part of the service. One or more external electronic devices that receive the request may execute at least a portion of the requested function or service, or an additional function or service related to the request, and transmit the result of the execution to the electronic device (101). The electronic device (101) may process the result as is or additionally and provide it as at least a portion of a response to the request. For this purpose, cloud computing, distributed computing, mobile edge computing (MEC), or client-server computing technology may be used, for example. The electronic device (101) may provide an ultra-low latency service by using distributed computing or mobile edge computing, for example. In another embodiment, the external electronic device (104) may include an Internet of Things (IoT) device. The server (108) may be an intelligent server utilizing machine learning and / or a neural network. According to one embodiment, the external electronic device (104) or the server (108) may be included in the second network (199).The electronic device (101) can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart home, smart city, smart car, or healthcare) based on 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology.

[0077] The electronic device (101) according to various embodiments disclosed in this document may be a device of various forms. The electronic device (101) may include, for example, a portable communication device (e.g., a smartphone), a computer device, a portable multimedia device, a portable medical device, a camera, a wearable device, or a home appliance device. The electronic device (101) according to the embodiments of this document is not limited to the aforementioned devices.

[0078] The various embodiments of this document and the terminology used therein are not intended to limit the technical features described in this document to specific embodiments, but should be understood to include various modifications, equivalents, or substitutes of the embodiments. In connection with the description of the drawings, similar reference numerals may be used for similar or related components. The singular form of a noun corresponding to an item may include one or more of the items, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this document, each of the phrases "A or B", "at least one of A and B", "at least one of A or B", "A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", and "at least one of A, B, or C" can include any one of the items listed together in the corresponding phrase among those phrases, or all possible combinations thereof. Terms such as "first," "second," or "first" or "second" may be used merely to distinguish one component from another, and do not limit the components in any other respect (e.g., importance or order). When a component (e.g., a first component) is referred to as "coupled" or "connected" to another (e.g., a second component), with or without the terms "functionally" or "communicatively," it means that the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or through a third component.

[0079] The term "module" used in various embodiments of this document may include a unit implemented in hardware, software, or firmware, and may be used interchangeably with terms such as logic, logic block, component, or circuit. A module may be an integral component, or a minimum unit or part of such a component that performs one or more functions. For example, according to one embodiment, a module may be implemented in the form of an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC).

[0080] Various embodiments of the present document may be implemented as software (e.g., a program (140)) including one or more instructions stored in a storage medium (e.g., an internal memory (136) or an external memory (138)) readable by a machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)). For example, a processor (e.g., a processor (120)) of the machine (e.g., an electronic device (101)) may call at least one instruction among the one or more instructions stored from the storage medium and execute it. This enables the machine to operate to perform at least one function according to the at least one called instruction. The one or more instructions may include code generated by a compiler or code executable by an interpreter. The machine-readable storage medium may be provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium. Here, 'non-transitory' simply means that the storage medium is a tangible device and does not contain signals (e.g., electromagnetic waves), and the term does not distinguish between cases where data is stored semi-permanently or temporarily on the storage medium.

[0081] According to one embodiment, the method according to various embodiments disclosed in the present document may be provided as included in a computer program product. The computer program product may be traded as a product between a seller and a buyer. The computer program product may be distributed in the form of a machine-readable storage medium (e.g., compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)), or may be distributed online (e.g., downloaded or uploaded) via an application store (e.g., Play Store™) or directly between two user devices (e.g., smart phones). In the case of online distribution, at least a portion of the computer program product may be temporarily stored or temporarily generated in a machine-readable storage medium, such as the memory of a manufacturer's server, an application store's server, or an intermediary server.

[0082] According to various embodiments, each component (e.g., a module or a program) of the above-described components may include a single or multiple entities, and some of the multiple entities may be separately arranged in other components. According to various embodiments, one or more components or operations of the above-described components may be omitted, or one or more other components or operations may be added. Alternatively or additionally, a plurality of components (e.g., a module or a program) may be integrated into a single component. In this case, the integrated component may include one or more functions of each component of the plurality of components prior to the integration.

[0083] Among the above multiple components, the operations performed by the corresponding component may be performed identically or similarly. According to various embodiments, the operations performed by the module, program, or other component may be performed sequentially, in parallel, repeatedly, or heuristically, or one or more of the operations may be performed in a different order, omitted, or one or more other operations may be added.

[0084] UWB offers superior localization performance compared to other short-range wireless communication technologies like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, and is emerging as a solution for proximity services. UWB-based proximity services such as contactless gates (CG), UWB payments, and digital car keys are emerging. Smartphones and mobile devices (MDs) are also equipped with UWB modules.

[0085] Among these UWB-based proximity services, contactless gates (UCGs) require tracking not only the distance between the user and the gate, but also the user's precise location, allowing the mobile device to pass through the gate without a separate action, such as tapping for payment. Accordingly, CG systems can utilize location positioning technologies, such as downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA) using UWB, to track the location of the mobile device. Precise user location tracking is also necessary to prevent gate opening or payment attempts from failing due to gate recognition errors. Therefore, implementing contactless gates (CGs) requires high-accuracy localization and optimized payment transactions that minimize latency.

[0086] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a contactless gate system utilizing a location measurement and transaction method using multiple wireless technologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0087] Referring to FIG. 2, a contactless gate system utilizing a location measurement and transaction method using multiple wireless technologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is illustrated. The contactless gate system can be implemented using multiple wireless technologies. For example, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ultra-wideband (UWB), and cellular networks (e.g., LTE or 5G networks) can be used.

[0088] When a user moves around a contactless gate and enters a discovery area (210), the mobile device (201) may receive a BLE advertising packet from an anchor (e.g., a UWB anchor) (221, 222, 223, 224) or a gate device (240). Here, the mobile device (e.g., a smart phone, a wearable device) (201) may correspond to the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1. In addition, the gate device (e.g., a contactless gate device or system) (240) may correspond to the electronic device (102) of FIG. 1. When the mobile device (201) receives a BLE advertising packet, it may turn on the UWB module. The UWB module may be triggered only when it receives a BLE advertising packet to reduce power consumption. The mobile device (201) can download information related to the contactless gate system via a cellular network based on information contained in a BLE advertising packet. The information related to the contactless gate system, which is a relatively large amount of data, can be downloaded via the cellular network. The information related to the contactless gate system can be used, for example, for UWB DL-TDoA, UWB TWR, transactions, etc.

[0089] When a user enters a localization area (230) where location measurement is possible, the mobile device (201) can perform UWB DL-TDoA based on information related to the downloaded contactless gate system. For example, the mobile device (201) can perform UWB DL-TDoA by receiving UWB signals from anchors (e.g., UWB anchors) (221, 222, 223, 224). In addition, the mobile device (201) can perform UWB TWR (two-way ranging) with the gate device (240). The mobile device (201) can track the user's location based on the UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR.

[0090] When a mobile device (201) is tracking a user's location and the user enters a transaction area (250) where a transaction is possible, the mobile device (201) can perform a transaction for payment based on a UWB or cellular network. More specifically, the mobile device (201) can pass through a transaction area (250) set in a gate device (240) and perform a payment transaction.

[0091] Although FIG. 2 illustrates a UWB-based proximity service using a contactless gate system as an example, this is merely an example, and various UWB-based proximity services may be provided. Furthermore, although not illustrated in FIG. 2 , the contactless gate system may utilize other wireless communication technologies, such as WiFi. For example, a mobile device (201) may download information related to the contactless gate system via WiFi.

[0092] Figure 3 illustrates how two electronic devices perform UWB communication.

[0093] Referring to FIG. 3, the first electronic device (301) can perform the role of a controller (or controller), and the second electronic device (302) can perform the role of a controller (or controller), which is the opposite role of the first electronic device (301). In addition, the first electronic device (301) can perform the role of an initiator (or responder), and the second electronic device (302) can perform the role of a responder (or initiator), which is the opposite role of the first electronic device.

[0094] In step 310, the first electronic device (301) and the second electronic device (302) may optionally perform an out-of-band (OOB) step prior to the UWB step. In the present disclosure, the OOB step may be referred to as an OOB connection step.

[0095] The OOB phase may be a phase performed to discover a UWB device through an OOB channel (e.g., a BLE channel) and establish and control a UWB session.

[0096] In one embodiment, the OOB step may include at least one of the following steps:

[0097] - Steps for discovering UWB devices and profiles (device and profile discovery)

[0098] - Steps to set up OOB connection (channel)

[0099] - Steps to establish a secure channel to secure messages and data

[0100] - A step for exchanging parameters for establishing a UWB session through a secure channel (e.g., UWB performance parameters (controller performance parameters), UWB configuration parameters, and / or session key related parameters) (parameter exchange step)

[0101] At step 320, the first electronic device (301) and the second electronic device (302) may perform a UWB step. In the present disclosure, the UWB step may be referred to as a UWB connection step.

[0102] The UWB phase may be a phase performed to perform UWB ranging and transmit service data through a UWB session.

[0103] In one embodiment, the UWB step may include at least one of the following steps:

[0104] - Steps to start a UWB session (UWB Trigger)

[0105] - A step for performing UWB ranging to obtain the distance / location between two UWB devices.

[0106] - Step for exchanging service data (transaction)

[0107] Meanwhile, as described above, the OOB step is an optional step and may be omitted depending on the embodiment. For example, if the discovery of a UWB device and / or the establishment and control of a UWB session are performed via a UWB channel (in-band), the OOB step may be omitted. For example, if in-band discovery is performed, the OOB step for performing OOB discovery may be omitted. In this case, the UWB step may further perform operations for discovering a UWB device via a UWB channel and exchanging parameters for establishing a UWB session.

[0108] Figures 4a to 4c illustrate how two UWB devices perform UWB ranging.

[0109] FIG. 4a shows an example in which a first electronic device (301) operates as a controller / initiator and a second electronic device (302) operates as a controlee / responder, and FIG. 4b shows an example in which a first electronic device (301) operates as a controller / responder and a second electronic device (302) operates as a controlee / initiator.

[0110] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a controller may transmit a control message for UWB ranging to a controlee. The ranging control message may be used to carry ranging parameter(s) for controlling and configuring the ranging procedure. In one embodiment, the control message may include information about the role of the ranging device (e.g., initiator or responder), ranging slot index information, and / or address information of the ranging device.

[0111] An initiator can transmit a ranging initiation message to a responder to initiate UWB ranging. Furthermore, the responder can transmit a ranging response message to the initiator in response to the ranging initiation message. In one embodiment, the responder can transmit the ranging response message. The ranging response message can include a Measurement Report Message. The Measurement Report Message can include an AoA measurement result, a reply time measured by the responder, and / or a list of responder addresses and round-trip time measurements for the responders. The reply time field can indicate a time difference between the reception time of the ranging initiation message and the transmission time of the ranging response message on the responder side. Based on this, single-sided two-way ranging (SS-TWR) can be performed. The calculation of ToF through SS-TWR follows the method defined in IEEE 802.15.4z or FiRa.

[0112] In case of DS-TWR (Double-sided two-way ranging), the initiator may further transmit a Ranging Final Message to the responder to complete the ranging exchange. The Ranging Final Message may include a Measurement Report Message. The Measurement Report Message may include an AoA measurement, a round-trip time (First round-trip time) for the first responder, and / or a list of responder addresses and reply time measurements for the responders. If the sender of the Measurement Report Message is the initiator, the First round-trip time field may indicate the time difference between the Ranging Initiation message from the initiator and the First Ranging Response message from the first responder. Alternatively, if the sender of the Measurement Report Message is the responder, the First round-trip time field may indicate the time difference between the Ranging Response message from the responder and the Ranging Final Message from the initiator. Based on this, DS-TWR may be performed. Calculation of time-of-flight (ToF) via DS-TWR follows the method defined in IEEE 802.15.4z or FiRa.

[0113] Meanwhile, depending on the embodiment, the measurement report message may be transmitted via a separate message, rather than being included in the ranging response message and / or ranging final message. For example, if non-deferred mode is applied, the measurement report message may be transmitted via a data frame after the ranging exchange.

[0114] Meanwhile, the initiator and responder can perform UWB ranging according to a predefined schedule mode. For example, in time-scheduled ranging mode, the controller knows the IDs of all controlees and can specify the precise schedule of ranging transmissions. In another example, in contention-based ranging mode, the controller does not know the number and IDs of controlees, and therefore, UWB devices compete with each other. In this case, collisions may occur between responding devices.

[0115] Figure 4c shows the structure of ranging blocks and rounds used for UWB ranging.

[0116] In the present disclosure, a ranging block refers to a time period for ranging. A ranging round may be a period of sufficient duration to complete one entire ranging-measurement cycle involving a set of UWB devices participating in a ranging exchange. A ranging slot may be a period of sufficient duration to transmit at least one ranging frame (RFRAME) (e.g., ranging initiation / response / final message, etc.).

[0117] As in FIG. 4c, one ranging block may include at least one ranging round, and each ranging round may include at least one ranging slot.

[0118] When the ranging mode is block-based, the mean time between consecutive ranging rounds can be constant. Alternatively, when the ranging mode is interval-based, the time between consecutive ranging rounds can be dynamically changed. That is, the interval-based mode can adopt a time structure with adaptive spacing.

[0119] The number and duration of slots included in a ranging round can be changed between ranging rounds. This can be set via control messages from the controller.

[0120] Figure 5 is a diagram for explaining UWB DL-TDoA.

[0121] An electronic device (501) can communicate with a plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) using UWB. The electronic device (501) can obtain distances and / or directions to the plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) using signals received from at least one antenna. At this time, the electronic device (501) may first perform connections with the plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) and then perform a measurement operation for the distance and / or direction.

[0122] A plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) include UWB modules and support UWB communication, thereby being able to communicate with the electronic device (501). In one embodiment, the plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) may include components for communicating with the electronic device (501), for example, a processor and an antenna module. However, this is only an example of the components of the plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514), and the configuration of the electronic device (501) is not limited thereto, and may include only some of the above-described components, or may further include at least one or more other components in addition to the above-described components. In addition, although four UWB anchors are described as an example in FIG. 5, the present invention is not limited thereto, and more or fewer UWB anchors may exist.

[0123] In one embodiment, the electronic device (501) can measure the distance to a UWB anchor (511, 512, 513, 514). For example, the electronic device (501) can measure the distance from a UWB anchor (511, 512, 513, 514) based on the strength of a signal received from the UWB anchor (511, 512, 513, 514).

[0124] In one embodiment, the electronic device (501) may measure the distance to the target electronic device (500) using a method such as single side two way ranging (SS-TWR) or double side two way ranging (DS-TWR), or may measure the distance to the UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) using a method such as uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDoA) or downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA).

[0125] Referring to FIG. 5, a plurality of UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) are illustrated to exchange DTMs (Downlink TDoA Messages) with each other to provide a positioning service to an electronic device (501). When performing position measurement using a plurality of UWB anchors, the electronic device (501) can obtain two-dimensional coordinates of the electronic device (501) by measuring distances to three UWB anchors, and can obtain three-dimensional coordinates of the electronic device (501) by measuring distances to four UWB anchors. For example, the electronic device (501) can determine an absolute position (e.g., absolute coordinates) or a relative position (e.g., relative coordinates) of the electronic device (501) through trilateration using the plurality of UWB anchors. However, without being limited thereto, the electronic device (501) can determine the location of the electronic device (501) in various ways using multiple UWB anchors.

[0126] In Fig. 5, anchor #1 (511) can act as an initiator anchor, and the remaining anchors, i.e., anchor #2 (512), anchor #3 (513), and anchor #5 (514), can act as responder anchors. The electronic device (501) can receive DTMs exchanged between UWB anchors (511, 512, 513, 514) and, based on the received DTMs, calculate TDoA with multiple UWB anchors. For example, the UWB tag (520) can calculate, based on the received DTMs, TDoA1, which is a TDoA between anchor #1 (511), which is an initiator anchor, and anchor #2 (512), which is a responder anchor, TDoA2, which is a TDoA between anchor #1 (511), which is an initiator anchor, and anchor #3 (513), which is a responder anchor, and TDoA3, which is a TDoA between anchor #1 (511), which is an initiator anchor, and anchor #5 (514), which is a responder anchor. The electronic device (501) can determine (or estimate) its own location using the calculated TDoAs.

[0127] According to one embodiment, when using UWB communication, there is an advantage in that the delay time is short and the error is very small, so the distance can be measured precisely.

[0128] FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a location measurement and transaction method using multiple wireless technologies according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 6, in step 610, the second electronic device (602) advertises a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet, and the first electronic device (601) can receive the first BLE advertisement packet advertised by the second electronic device (602). Here, the first electronic device (601) may include a smartphone, a wearable device, a mobile device, and may be, for example, the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 or the mobile device (201) of FIG. 2. The second electronic device (202) may include a gate device, and may be, for example, the gate device (240) of FIG. 2 or a non-contact gate system.

[0130] In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet may be used to search for a first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602). In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet may include a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of a second electronic device advertising the first BLE advertising packet, and area information of the second electronic device. In one embodiment, the header may include information indicating that the packet is for a contactless (or tagless) gate. The place ID is information indicating a place where the second electronic device (602) transmitting the first BLE advertising packet is located. For example, if the gate device is a gate device installed at a station, the place ID may be a station ID. The UWB address may be a UWB MAC address of the second electronic device (602) transmitting the first BLE advertising packet. In one embodiment, the UWB address may utilize a 6B (byte) BLE address. Additionally, a 6B Long address or a 2B short address may be used. The location information of the second electronic device (602) may include coordinate information, such as an x-axis coordinate and a y-axis coordinate. The area information of the second electronic device may include information indicating a gate (e.g., which passage) that transmits the first BLE advertising packet in the gate device. In this case, the area information of the second electronic device may be indicated by an index or ID. The above-described information may be included in the advertising data field in the packet data unit (PDU) of the first BLE advertising packet. The format of the first BLE advertising packet will be described in more detail below.

[0131] At step 620, the first electronic device (601) may request information about the location where the second electronic device (602) is located from an external electronic device (e.g., a server) (603) based on the location ID included in the first BLE advertisement packet. More specifically, the first electronic device (601) may transmit a location information request message including the location ID to the external electronic device (603). For example, if the second electronic device (602) is a gate device installed at a station, the first electronic device (601) may request information about the corresponding station from the external electronic device (603) along with the station ID.

[0132] At step 630, the external electronic device (603) transmits location information corresponding to the location ID to the first electronic device (601) in response to the request of the first electronic device (601). Alternatively, the first electronic device (601) may download the location information from the external electronic device (603). The location information may include location information of a UWB anchor of the location corresponding to the location ID, information of the second electronic device (602), session setup information related to UWB, and information of a transaction area. For example, if the second electronic device (602) is a gate device installed at a station, the location information may include location information of a UWB anchor installed at the station, information about the gate device installed at the station (e.g., location, number, arrangement, specifications, etc. of the gate device), session setup information related to UWB of the gate device (e.g., DL-TDoA ranging interval, TWR ranging interval, etc.), and information about a transaction area allocated to the gate device (e.g., location, arrangement, index, etc. of the transaction area). However, the location information is not limited thereto, and may further include detailed information about the corresponding location.

[0133] In steps 620 and 630, the first electronic device (601) can communicate with an external electronic device (603) via a cellular network or WiFi. Since location information is a relatively large data volume, it can be transmitted, received, or downloaded via a cellular network or WiFi.

[0134] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may turn on the UWB module of the first electronic device (601) when receiving the first BLE advertisement packet. The first electronic device (601) may turn on the UWB module only when receiving the first BLE advertisement packet to reduce power consumption. The first electronic device (601) may turn on the UWB module immediately after receiving the first BLE advertisement packet (e.g., after step 610), or may turn on the UWB module after receiving location information from the external electronic device (603) (e.g., after step 630).

[0135] In step 640, the first electronic device (601) performs UWB (ultra-wideband) downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA). For example, the first electronic device (601) may perform UWB DL-TDoA as described in FIG. 5. By performing UWB DL-TDoA, the first electronic device (601) may obtain location information of the first electronic device (601).

[0136] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) can perform UWB DL-TDoA based on the location information received in step 630. As described above, the location information can include location information of a UWB anchor installed at the corresponding location and session setup information related to UWB. The first electronic device (601) can obtain location information of the first electronic device (601) by performing UWB DL-TDoA using the location information of the UWB anchor and the session setup information related to UWB. For example, if the second electronic device (602) is a gate device installed at a station, the first electronic device (601) can perform UWB DL-TDoA using the location information of the UWB anchor installed at the station and the DL-TDoA ranging interval set for the UWB anchor, and obtain location information of the first electronic device (601). The first electronic device (601) may obtain an absolute position using x, y coordinates, or may obtain a relative position from a UWB anchor or the second electronic device (502).

[0137] At step 650, the first electronic device (601) may advertise a second BLE advertising packet, and the second electronic device (602) may receive the second BLE advertising packet advertised by the first electronic device (601). In one embodiment, the second BLE advertising packet may include a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the first electronic device, and transaction area information in which the first electronic device (601) is located. In one embodiment, the header may include information indicating that the packet is for a contactless (or tagless) gate. The place ID may reuse the place ID received in the first BLE advertising packet. For example, the place ID is information indicating the place where the second electronic device (602) transmitting the first BLE advertising packet is located. For example, if the gate device is a gate device installed at a station, the place ID may be a station ID. The UWB address may be a UWB MAC address of the first electronic device (601) transmitting the second BLE advertising packet. In one embodiment, the UWB address may utilize a 6B (byte) BLE address. Additionally, a long address or a short address may be used. The location information of the first electronic device (602) may include coordinate information, such as an x-axis coordinate and a y-axis coordinate. The transaction area information where the first electronic device (601) is located may include information indicating each area where a transaction is performed in the gate device (e.g., which passage). At this time, the transaction area information may be indicated by an index or ID.

[0138] The above-described information may be included in the advertising data field within the PDU of the second BLE advertising packet. The format of the second BLE advertising packet is described in more detail below. In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet and the second BLE advertising packet may be configured in the same format.

[0139] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may initiate a TWR session based on the MAC address of the second electronic device (602) included in the first BLE advertisement packet. That is, the first electronic device (601) may open and initiate a UWB TWR session and wait for control information from the second electronic device (602).

[0140] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (602) that receives the second BLE advertising packet can check the location ID, the location information of the first electronic device (601), and the transaction area information to determine whether the first electronic device (601) is close enough to perform the transaction. If the first electronic device (601) is close enough to perform the transaction, the process proceeds directly to step 680, where the transaction is performed between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602). If the first electronic device (601) is not close enough to perform the transaction, steps 660 and 670 are performed.

[0141] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (602) can update the MAC address of the first electronic device (601) included in the second BLE advertisement packet to the destination MAC address.

[0142] The first electronic device (601) can determine whether the first electronic device (601) is located in a transaction area by performing UWB DL-TDoA in step 660 and UWB TWR in step 670. If the first electronic device (601) is located in the transaction area, the process proceeds to step 680.

[0143] At step 680, a transaction can be performed between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602). The transaction may include data exchange for payment. In one embodiment, the transaction can be performed via a cellular system or a hybrid UWB session (HUS). According to one embodiment, when the transaction is performed via a cellular system, the transaction can be performed quickly due to low latency. Furthermore, even when the transaction is performed via a hybrid UWB session (HUS), the gate of the second electronic device (602) can be configured to open as soon as a message initiating the transaction is received, thereby providing a seamless user experience.

[0144] FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the format of a BLE advertising packet according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0145] Referring to FIG. 7, a BLE advertising packet (71) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a preamble, an access address, a packet data unit (PDU) (72), and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). The PDU (packet data unit) (72) of the BLE advertising packet (71), i.e., the advertising PDU (72), may include a header, an address, and advertising data. In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) may transmit information necessary for location measurement and transactions using the advertising data (73). In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet and the second BLE advertising packet may be configured in the same format, i.e., the BLE advertising packet format illustrated in FIG. 7.

[0146] More specifically, advertising data (73) may include a gate header (731), a station ID (732), a UWB address (733), an x-axis coordinate (734), a y-axis coordinate (735), an area (736), and a reserved field. The gate header (731) may include information indicating that the BLE advertising packet (71) is for a contactless (or tagless) gate, and may consist of 4 bytes.

[0147] - The gate header (731) may include a predefined value (e.g., 0x12345678), and both the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) may indicate the same value.

[0148] - The Station ID (732) may include an identifier of a location where the second electronic device (e.g., gate device) (602) is installed, particularly, a station (e.g., a subway station), and may be composed of 4B. In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may receive or download detailed information about the station (e.g., a subway station) where the second electronic device (e.g., gate device) (602) is installed based on the Station ID (732). In addition, the second electronic device (602) may confirm that the first electronic device (601) is in a location where it can perform location measurement and transaction based on the Station ID (732).

[0149] - The UWB address (733) may include the UWB MAC address of the device transmitting the BLE advertising packet (71). At this time, the UWB address may utilize a 6B (byte) BLE address. At this time, the UWB address (733) may use a long address or a short address. For example, the long address may be composed of 0x0000 (2B) + BLE address 6B. In addition, the short address may be composed of 0xFFFF (2B) + BLE address 6B and only the lower 2B may be used. The long address and the short address may be distinguished based on the first 2 bytes (0000 or FFFF).

[0150] - The x-axis coordinate (734) and the y-axis coordinate (735) may include the x-axis coordinates of the device transmitting the BLE advertising packet (71). The second BLE advertising packet transmitted by the first electronic device (601) may include the x-axis coordinates of the first electronic device (601) obtained by performing UWB DL-TDoA. In addition, the first BLE advertising packet transmitted by the second electronic device (602) may include the x-axis coordinates of the center or corner of the second electronic device (602). Or, for example, when the second electronic device (602) is a gate device, it may include the x-axis coordinates of the center of the passage. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the first BLE advertising packet may include the x-axis coordinates related to a specific location of the second electronic device (602).

[0151] - Area (736) may include different information depending on the device transmitting the BLE advertisement packet (71). In the case of the second BLE advertisement packet transmitted by the first electronic device (601), the area (736) field may include an index or ID of the transaction area where the first electronic device (601) is located. In addition, in the case of the first BLE advertisement packet transmitted by the second electronic device (602), the area (736) field may include information on the location of the module transmitting the first BLE advertisement packet in the second electronic device (602). This information may be indicated by an index or ID. For example, if the second electronic device (602) is a multi-gate device having multiple gates, the area (736) field may include information on which passage the module transmitting the first BLE advertisement packet is for.

[0152] FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR when a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a multi-gate device.

[0153] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (602) is a multi-gate device, and a session interval of a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR may be composed of a plurality of time slots. In one embodiment, a first time slot among the plurality of time slots constituting the session interval may be allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except for the first time slot may be allocated for TWR ranging. In addition, the plurality of time slots may be determined based on the length of the first time slot.

[0154] The number of time slots for UWB TWR can be calculated by the following equation: number of time slots = (reference session interval / reference session duration) - 1. In addition, the ranging interval and ranging duration for UWB TWR can be the same as the reference session interval and the reference session duration. In this case, the reference session can be a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA. That is, if the session interval of the UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA is divided by the UWB DL-TDoA duration, the total number of slots included in one interval can be obtained. Here, since the first slot is used for UWB DL-TDoA, the remaining slots after subtracting one slot from the total slots can be used as time slots for UWB TWR.

[0155] The maximum number of gates of a multi-gate device is equal to the number of time slots for UWB TWR, and the time slot index and gate index for UWB TWR can be assigned identically.

[0156] Referring to FIG. 8, a UWB session setup for performing UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR together is illustrated. Here, the reference session is a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA, and it is assumed that the UWB DL-TDoA interval is 160 ms and the UWB DL-TDoA duration is 40 ms. At this time, the session interval of the UWB session is set to 160 ms, which is the same as the DL-TDoA interval, and the UWB session can be composed of 4 time slots. Among them, the first time slot is allocated to UWB DL-TDoA and the remaining time slots are allocated to UWB TWR, so the number of time slots for UWB TWR can be calculated as 3. Therefore, the maximum number of gates of the multi-gate device can be 3. In addition, the time slot index and the gate index for UWB TWR can be assigned identically. Gates 0, 1, and 2 can be assigned to time slot indices 0, 1, and 2 for UWB TWR, respectively.

[0157] In this way, when a UWB session is established, the first electronic device (601) can perform UWB DL-TDoA in the first time slot of the UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR, and then perform UWB TWR with up to three gates of the second electronic device (602) in up to three time slots thereafter.

[0158] By repeating this process, the location of the first electronic device (601) can be determined, and the distance between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can be measured to determine whether the first electronic device (601) has moved and / or is located in the transaction area.

[0159] Figures 9 and 10 are drawings for explaining the operation when the second electronic device is a single gate device.

[0160] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (602) is a single-gate device, and a session interval of a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR may be composed of a plurality of time slots. In one embodiment, a first time slot among the plurality of time slots constituting the session interval may be allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot may be allocated for TWR ranging. In addition, the plurality of time slots may be determined based on the length of the first time slot.

[0161] The number of time slots for UWB TWR can be calculated by the following equation: number of time slots = (reference session interval / reference session duration) - 1. In addition, the ranging interval and ranging duration for UWB TWR can be the same as the reference session interval and the reference session duration. In this case, the reference session can be a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA. That is, if the session interval of the UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA is divided by the UWB DL-TDoA duration, the total number of slots included in one interval can be obtained. Here, since the first slot is used for UWB DL-TDoA, the remaining slots after subtracting one slot from the total slots can be used as time slots for UWB TWR.

[0162] Since the second electronic device (602) is a single gate device, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can perform UWB TWR using at least one slot among the time slots for UWB TWR.

[0163] FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR in the first mode when the second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a single gate device.

[0164] Referring to FIG. 9, the second electronic device (602) is a single-gate device and operates in a first mode, i.e., a stable mode, and a time slot having an odd time slot index for UWB TWR is allocated for TWR ranging. More specifically, a ranging interval for UWB TWR is set to twice the UWB DL-TDoA duration, and in the first mode, i.e., the stable mode, UWB TWR ranging may not be performed in a slot allocated to UWB TWR according to a block stride value. For example, since the ranging interval for UWB TWR in FIG. 9 is set to twice the UWB DL-TDoA duration, UWB TWR should be performed once every two time slots, but if the block stride value is 1, UWB TWR is performed once in the slot to which UWB TWR is assigned, and UWB TWR is not performed in the slot to which the next UWB TWR is assigned. The block stride value can be calculated as follows: Block stride value = # of slots (slots to which UWB TWR is assigned) / 2. In this way, by utilizing the block stride value, DL-TDoA and TWR can be prevented from being performed in one slot.

[0165] UWB session setup (91) is a case where the second electronic device (602) is a single-gate device and operates in the first mode, i.e., stable mode, and the UWB session can be composed of four time slots. Among them, the first time slot can be allocated to UWB DL-TDoA and the remaining three time slots can be allocated to UWB TWR. At this time, UWB TWR must be performed once every two time slots, but the block stride value can be calculated as 2 / 2 = 1, and accordingly, UWB TWR can be performed once every two time slots, and DL-TDoA and TWR can be prevented from being performed in one slot.

[0166] UWB session setup (92) is a case where the second electronic device (602) is a single-gate device and operates in the first mode, i.e., stable mode, and the UWB session can be composed of six time slots. Among them, the first time slot can be allocated to UWB DL-TDoA and the remaining five time slots can be allocated to UWB TWR. At this time, UWB TWR should be performed once every two time slots, but the block stride value can be calculated as 5 / 2 = 2, and in the time slots to which UWB TWR is allocated, UWB TWR can be performed twice, and UWB TWR can not be performed in the slot to which UWB TWR is allocated next. Through this, DL-TDoA and TWR can be prevented from being performed in one slot.

[0167] By repeating this process, the location of the first electronic device (601) can be determined, and the distance between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can be measured to determine whether the first electronic device (601) has moved and / or is located in the transaction area.

[0168] FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining UWB session setup of UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR in a second mode when a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a single gate device.

[0169] Referring to FIG. 10, the second electronic device (602) is a single-gate device and operates in a second mode, i.e., a greedy mode. The greedy mode is a mode in which UWB TWR is performed as many times as possible. At this time, time slots with a time slot index of 0 or an even number for UWB TWR are allocated for TWR ranging. According to one embodiment, even if the number of time slots for UWB TWR included in a UWB session increases, DL-TDoA and TWR are not performed in a single slot.

[0170] FIG. 11 is a drawing for explaining an operation of a first electronic device (601) passing through a transaction area and performing a transaction between a first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 11, the second electronic device (602) is a multi-gate device and includes two gates (Gate 1, Gate 2). Transaction areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be set for each gate.

[0172] A first electronic device (601) can perform UWB DL-TDoA and perform UWB TWR with a second electronic device (602) to determine whether the first electronic device (601) is located in a transaction area. The first electronic device (601) can sequentially pass through transaction areas 1, 2, 3, and 4 and perform a transaction operation, i.e., data exchange, set for each transaction area.

[0173] Below, a method for determining whether the first electronic device (601) is located in a transaction area and a method for performing a transaction are described in more detail.

[0174] FIGS. 12A to 12C are diagrams for explaining a method for improving positioning accuracy using UWB DL-TDoA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0175] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may perform a number of ranging rounds equal to the number of UWB anchors, and among the plurality of positioning results, the average of three positions with the smallest standard deviations may be determined as the position of the first electronic device (601). At this time, each UWB anchor may take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0176] Referring to FIG. 12a, in one embodiment, a ranging round can be configured such that n anchors take turns performing the initiator role within one DL-TDoA Block. For example, in ranging round #0, anchor a performs the initiator role and performs ranging in the order of anchors a, b, c, d, a. In ranging round #1, anchor b performs the initiator role and performs ranging in the order of anchors b, c, d, a, b. In ranging round #2, anchor c performs the initiator role and performs ranging in the order of anchors c, d, a, b, c. In ranging round #3, anchor d performs the initiator role and performs ranging in the order of anchors d, a, b, c, d.

[0177] In this way, when n=4, four anchors (a, b, c, d) perform four ranging rounds, each acting as an initiator. At this time, four positioning results can be obtained. Based on these positioning results, the location of the first electronic device (601) can be determined. This will be described with reference to FIG. 12b.

[0178] In Fig. 12b, among the four positioning results (a, b, c, d), three positioning results are selected each, and the three average locations with the smallest standard deviations can be determined as the location of the first electronic device (601). In 12-1, positioning results a, c, and d are averaged excluding positioning result b, in 12-2, positioning results a, b, and d are averaged excluding positioning result c, in 12-3, positioning results b, c, and d are averaged excluding positioning result a, and in 12-4, positioning results a, b, and c are averaged excluding positioning result d. Among these, 12-4, where the positioning results used for calculating the average are densely clustered, has the smallest standard deviation. Therefore, location 1200, which is the average location of a, b, and c, can be determined as the location of the first electronic device (601).

[0179] Figure 12c is a flowchart showing a method for determining the position of the first electronic device (601).

[0180] At step 1210, the first electronic device (601) initiates DL-TDoA (e.g., UWB DL-TDoA). At step 1220, the first electronic device (601) can receive a ranging round message of the corresponding ranging round. At step 1230, the first electronic device (601) determines the location of the first electronic device (601) based on the positioning result. At step 1240, it is determined whether it is the last ranging round, and if it is the last ranging round, the process proceeds to step 1250, where three of the positioning results are selected and an average position (Lavg) is calculated.

[0181] In step 1260, the standard deviation (STD) for the average position is calculated. Then, in step 1270, it is determined whether the standard deviation is smaller than the smallest standard deviation calculated in the previous ranging rounds. If the standard deviation calculated in step 1260 is smaller than the smallest standard deviation calculated in the previous ranging rounds, the process proceeds to step 1280, and the average position calculated in step 1250 is determined as the position of the first electronic device (601). If the standard deviation calculated in step 1260 is larger than the smallest standard deviation calculated in the previous ranging rounds, the process proceeds to step 1290, and the previous operations are repeated.

[0182] In one embodiment, outliers due to signal quality degradation can be efficiently removed compared to simply averaging all positioning results.

[0183] FIGS. 13A to 13C are diagrams illustrating a method for improving positioning accuracy using UWB TWR and AoA according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0184] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may obtain an expected distance range between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602), measure the distance between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) based on UWB TWR, and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range.

[0185] Additionally, in one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) may obtain an expected angle of arrival (AoA) range between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602), obtain an AoA of a UWB signal received by the second electronic device (602) based on a UWB TWR, and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the obtained AoA and the expected AoA range.

[0186] Referring to FIG. 13A, the first electronic device (601) can obtain location information of the first electronic device (601) based on UWB DL-TDoA. If the first electronic device (601) is located at the boundary between Gate 1 and Gate 2 of the second electronic device (602), the first electronic device (601) may be misrecognized due to errors in UWB DL-TDoA, etc. For example, in FIG. 13A, the first electronic device (601) is located in transaction area 1 of Gate 2, but due to errors in UWB DL-TDoA, etc., it may be recognized as being located 40 cm to the left, and thus may be misrecognized as being located in transaction area 1 of Gate 1, not transaction area 1 of Gate 2.

[0187] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, positioning accuracy can be improved using UWB TWR.

[0188] The first electronic device (601) can obtain the expected distance range between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602). Here, the expected distance range means the distance between the minimum distance and the maximum distance from the second electronic device for the first electronic device (601) to be included in the corresponding transaction area. Referring to FIG. 13B, the distance between the first electronic device (601) and the UWB module (1301) of the second electronic device can be referred to as d. At this time, in order for the first electronic device (601) to be located within the transaction area 1, d must be in the range between the minimum distance dexpect,min and the maximum distance dexpect,max. Therefore, dexpect,min < expected distance range < dexpect,max. The expected distance range can be calculated from the position of the UWB module (1301) of the second electronic device without a separate position measurement once the transaction area is determined.

[0189] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) can also obtain location information using a location ID (e.g., a station ID) included in a first BLE advertising packet advertised by the second electronic device (602), thereby obtaining UWB module location and transaction area information of the second electronic device (602). Accordingly, the first electronic device (601) can calculate an expected distance range in each transaction area. Since the second electronic device (602) already knows the UWB module location and transaction area information, the second electronic device (602) can also calculate an expected distance range in each transaction area.

[0190] The first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can measure the distance d between the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) based on the UWB TWR. The first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can determine whether the measured distance d is within an expected distance range. The first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can perform a transaction at a more accurate location by performing a transaction only when the measured distance d is within the expected distance range.

[0191] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, positioning accuracy can be improved using AoA.

[0192] The first electronic device (601) can obtain the expected AoA (angle of arrival) range when the UWB signal transmitted from the first electronic device (601) reaches the UWB module (1301) of the second electronic device. Here, the expected AoA range means the angle between the minimum AoA and the maximum AoA for the first electronic device (601) to be included in the corresponding transaction area. Referring to FIG. 13B, the angle at which the UWB signal transmitted from the first electronic device (601) reaches the UWB module (1301) of the second electronic device can be referred to as θ. At this time, in order for the first electronic device (601) to be located within the transaction area 1, θ must be in the range between the minimum angle θexpect,min and the maximum angle θexpect,max. Therefore, θexpect,min < expected AoA range < θexpect,max. The expected AoA range can be calculated from the position of the UWB module (1301) of the second electronic device without separate position measurements once the transaction area is determined.

[0193] In one embodiment, the first electronic device (601) can also obtain location information using a location ID (e.g., a station ID) included in a first BLE advertising packet advertised by the second electronic device (602), thereby obtaining UWB module location and transaction area information of the second electronic device (602). Accordingly, the first electronic device (601) can calculate an expected AoA range in each transaction area. Since the second electronic device (602) already knows the UWB module location and transaction area information, the second electronic device (602) can also calculate an expected AoA range in each transaction area.

[0194]

[0195] A first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602) can acquire an AoA of a UWB signal transmitted from the first electronic device (601). For example, the first electronic device (601) can receive information related to the AoA from the second electronic device (602). The first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can determine whether the acquired AoA is within an expected AoA range. The first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can perform a transaction only when the acquired AoA is within the expected AoA range, thereby performing the transaction at a more accurate location.

[0196] Figure 13c is a flowchart showing a transaction execution method of a first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602).

[0197] At step 1310, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can perform TWR (e.g., DS-TWR). At step 1320, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can measure a distance d and obtain an AoA of a UWB signal transmitted from the first electronic device (601).

[0198] At step 1330, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can determine whether the measured distance d is within the expected distance range. If the measured distance d is not within the expected distance range, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can proceed to step 1360 to abort the transaction. If the measured distance d is within the expected distance range, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can proceed to step 1340 to determine whether the acquired AoA is within the expected AoA range. If the acquired AoA is not within the expected AoA range, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can proceed to step 1360 to abort the transaction. If the acquired AoA falls within the expected AoA range, the first electronic device (601) and the second electronic device (602) can proceed to step 1350 to perform a transaction.

[0199] FIG. 14a and FIG. 14b are diagrams for explaining a transaction method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0200] Referring to FIGS. 14A and 14B , a first electronic device (601) and a second electronic device (602) can perform a transaction by exchanging data using a Hybrid UWB session (HUS). Referring to FIG. 14A , a transaction method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure can perform a transaction using six blocks. In this case, a gate can be configured to open immediately when data is exchanged in the first block, thereby providing a seamless user experience. This will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 14B .

[0201] Referring to FIG. 14b, a session (or time interval) and an Inter-session space (ISS) interval for downlink time-difference-of-arrival (DL-TDoA) may be established between a first electronic device (e.g., a mobile device (MD)) (601) and a second electronic device (e.g., a gate device) (602). In the established first session (e.g., SessionId = 1), the second electronic device (602) may operate as a HUS Controller, and the first electronic device (601) may operate as a HUS Controlee. In one embodiment, a first session (e.g., SessionId = 1) may include a second session (e.g., SessionId = 2) for a first Two-way ranging (TWR), a third session (e.g., SessionId = 3) for a first Contention-based ranging (CBR), and a fourth session (e.g., SessionId = 4) for a second TWR.

[0202] In a second session (e.g., SessionId = 2), the second electronic device (602) and the first electronic device (601) can perform TWR. In a third session (e.g., SessionId = 3), the second electronic device (602) and the first electronic device (601) can each perform CBR. In a fourth session (e.g., SessionId = 4), the second electronic device (602) and the first electronic device (601) can perform TWR.

[0203] In one embodiment, in a second session (e.g., SessionId = 2), when the second electronic device (602) and the first electronic device (601) perform TWR1, the gate can be configured to open immediately, thereby providing a seamless user experience.

[0204] FIG. 15 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a first electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0205] Referring to FIG. 15, a first electronic device (1500) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1 or the first electronic device (601) of FIG. 6) may include a communication circuit (1510), an antenna module (1513), a memory (1520), and a processor (1530). However, the configuration of the first electronic device (1500) is not limited thereto, and may include only some of the above-described components of FIG. 15, or may further include at least one or more other components (e.g., the modules of FIG. 1) in addition to the above-described components. Accordingly, the communication circuit (1510) may correspond to the communication module (190) or the wireless communication module (192) of FIG. 1, and the antenna module (1513) may correspond to the antenna module (197) of FIG. 1. Additionally, the memory (1520) and the processor (1530) may correspond to the memory (130) and the processor (120) of FIG. 1, and if the first electronic device (1500) further includes other components, the other components may also correspond to the components of FIG. 1.

[0206] The communication circuit (1510) may support wireless communication between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1300) or an external electronic device. For example, the communication circuit (1510) may transmit and receive control information and / or data with one or more second electronic devices (1300) or an external electronic device using a frequency band supported by wireless communication according to a prescribed wireless communication protocol. In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1510) may include a Bluetooth module (1511) for Bluetooth legacy communication and / or BLE communication as a wireless communication module. In one embodiment, the first electronic device (1500) may receive a BLE advertisement packet or advertise a BLE advertisement packet using the Bluetooth module (1511). In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1510) may include a UWB module (1512) for UWB communication as a wireless communication module. In one embodiment, the first electronic device (1500) may perform UWB DL-TDoA (downlink time difference of arrival), UWB TWR (two-way ranging), and UWB ranging using the UWB module (1512), and may perform a transaction with the second electronic device (1600). In addition, the communication circuit (1510)

[0207] The communication circuit (1510) may operate independently of the processor (1530) and may include one or more communication processors that support wireless communication. In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1510) may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication module.

[0208] The antenna module (1513) may include a plurality of antennas. At least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network (e.g., the first network (198) of FIG. 1) may be selected from the plurality of antennas by the communication circuit (1510).

[0209] The memory (1520) can store various information for the operation of the first electronic device (1500). The information stored in the memory (1520) can include, for example, input data or output data for software and commands related thereto. In one embodiment, the information stored in the memory (1520) can include at least one instruction for the operation of the first electronic device (1500). The instruction can correspond to the program (140) of FIG. 1. The instructions stored in the memory (1520) can be executed by the processor (1530). By executing the instructions by the processor (1530), the first electronic device (1500) can perform operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The memory (1520) can include volatile memory or non-volatile memory.

[0210] The processor (1530) may control at least one other component (e.g., hardware or software component) of the first electronic device (1500) and perform various data processing or calculations. As at least a part of the data processing or calculation, the processor (1530) may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., communication circuit (1510)) into the memory (1520), process the command or data stored in the memory (1520), and store the resulting data in the memory (1520). In one embodiment, the processor (1530) may execute at least one instruction for the operation of the first electronic device (1500) in the memory (1520).

[0211] In one embodiment, the processor (1530) may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory (1520) to cause the first electronic device (1500) to receive a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet that a second electronic device (1600) is advertising, obtain location information of the first electronic device (1500) based on ultra-wideband (UWB) downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDoA), advertise a second BLE advertisement packet including the location information of the first electronic device (1500), and perform a transaction with the second electronic device via UWB communication in a transaction area based on UWB DL-TDoA and UWB two-way ranging (TWR). At this time, the transaction may be performed via a cellular system or a hybrid UWB session (HUS).

[0212] In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet may include at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device, and area information of the second electronic device (1600). The processor (1530) may be configured to allow the first electronic device (1500) to obtain place information including at least one of location information of a UWB anchor, information of the second electronic device (1600), session setup information related to UWB, and information of a transaction area based on the place ID. In addition, the processor (1530) may be configured to turn on the UWB module of the first electronic device (1500) when receiving the first BLE advertising packet.

[0213] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (1600) may be a multi-gate device. In this case, the session interval of a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and the first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot are allocated for TWR ranging, and the plurality of time slots may be determined based on the length of the first time slot. In one embodiment, the second electronic device (1600) may be a single-gate device. At this time, the session interval of the UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and the first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot are sequentially allocated with slot indices starting from 0, and when operating in the first mode, time slots with odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, and when operating in the second mode, time slots with slot indices 0 and even can be allocated for TWR ranging.

[0214] In one embodiment, the processor (1530) may be configured to perform a number of ranging rounds equal to the number of UWB anchors by executing instructions stored in the memory (1520), and determine the average of three positions with the smallest standard deviation among the plurality of positioning results as the position of the first electronic device (601). At this time, each UWB anchor may take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0215] In one embodiment, the processor (1530) may obtain an expected distance range between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600) by executing instructions stored in the memory (1520), measure a distance between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600) based on the UWB TWR, and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range. In addition, the processor (1530) may obtain an expected AoA (angle of arrival) range between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600), obtain an AoA of a UWB signal received by the second electronic device (602), and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the obtained AoA and the expected AoA range.

[0216] FIG. 16 is a block diagram briefly illustrating the configuration of a second electronic device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0217] Referring to FIG. 16, a second electronic device (1600) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (e.g., the electronic device (101) of FIG. 1, the mobile device (201) of FIG. 2, or the second electronic device (602) of FIG. 6) may include a communication circuit (1610), an antenna module (1612), a memory (1620), and a processor (1630). However, the configuration of the second electronic device (1600) is not limited thereto, and may include only some of the above-described components of FIG. 16, or may further include at least one or more other components in addition to the above-described components.

[0218] The communication circuit (1610) may support wireless communication between the second electronic device (1600) and the first electronic device (1500) or an external electronic device. For example, the communication circuit (1610) may transmit and receive control information and / or data with one or more first electronic devices (1500) or external electronic devices using a frequency band supported by wireless communication according to a prescribed wireless communication protocol. In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1610) may include a Bluetooth module (1611) for Bluetooth legacy communication and / or BLE communication as a wireless communication module. The second electronic device (1600) may use the Bluetooth module (1611) to receive a BLE advertisement packet or advertise a BLE advertisement packet. In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1610) may include a UWB module (1612) for UWB communication as a wireless communication module. The second electronic device (1600) can perform UWB TWR (two-way ranging) and UWB ranging using the UWB module (1512) and perform a transaction with the first electronic device (1500).

[0219] The communication circuit (1610) may operate independently from the processor (1630) and may include one or more communication processors that support wireless communication. In one embodiment, the communication circuit (1610) may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication module. The communication circuit (1610)

[0220] The antenna module (1612) may include a plurality of antennas. At least one antenna suitable for a communication method used in a communication network (e.g., the first network (198) of FIG. 1) may be selected from the plurality of antennas by the communication circuit (1610).

[0221] The communication circuit (1610) may correspond to the communication module (190) or wireless communication module (192) of FIG. 1, and the antenna module (1513) may correspond to the antenna module (197) of FIG. 1.

[0222] The memory (1620) can store various information for the operation of the second electronic device (1600). The information stored in the memory (1620) can include, for example, input data or output data for software and commands related thereto. In one embodiment, the information stored in the memory (1620) can include at least one instruction for the operation of the second electronic device (1600). The instruction can include a program. The instructions stored in the memory (1620) can be executed by the processor (1630). By executing the instructions by the processor (1630), the second electronic device (1600) can perform operations according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The memory (1620) can include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The memory (1620) can correspond to the memory (130) of FIG. 1.

[0223] The processor (1630) may control at least one other component (e.g., hardware or software component) of the second electronic device (1600) and perform various data processing or calculations. As at least a part of the data processing or calculation, the processor (1630) may load a command or data received from another component (e.g., communication circuit (1610)) into the memory (1620), process the command or data stored in the memory (1620), and store the resulting data in the memory (1620). The processor (1630) may correspond to the processor (120) of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, the processor (1630) may execute at least one instruction for the operation of the second electronic device (1600) in the memory (1620).

[0224] In one embodiment, the processor (1630) may be configured to execute instructions stored in the memory (1620) to cause the second electronic device (1600) to advertise a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet, the first electronic device (1500) to receive a second BLE advertisement packet that includes location information of the first electronic device (1500) and to perform a transaction with the first electronic device (1500) via UWB communication in a transaction area based on the location information of the first electronic device (1500) and UWB two-way ranging (TWR). In this case, the transaction may be performed via a cellular system or a hybrid UWB session (HUS).

[0225] In one embodiment, the first BLE advertising packet may include at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device (1600), and area information of the second electronic device (1600). In one embodiment, the second BLE advertising packet may include at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, and location information of the first electronic device (1500), and the processor (1630) may determine, based on the location information of the first electronic device (1500), whether the first electronic device (1500) is located within a predetermined distance for performing a transaction.

[0226] In one embodiment, the second electronic device (1600) may be a multi-gate device. At this time, the location information of the first electronic device (1500) is acquired from the first electronic device (1500) based on UWB DL-TDoA, and a session interval of a UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and a first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except for the first time slot are allocated for TWR ranging, and the plurality of time slots may be determined based on the length of the first time slot. The second electronic device (1600) may be a single-gate device. At this time, the location information of the first electronic device (1500) is acquired based on UWB DL-TDoA in the first electronic device (1500), and the session interval of the UWB session for UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, and the first time slot among the plurality of time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, and the remaining time slots except the first time slot are sequentially allocated with slot indices starting from 0, and when operating in the first mode, time slots with odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, and when operating in the second mode, time slots with slot indices of 0 and even numbers can be allocated for TWR ranging.

[0227] In one embodiment, the location information of the first electronic device (1500) is acquired based on UWB DL-TDoA in the first electronic device (1500), and the first electronic device may be configured to perform as many ranging rounds as the number of UWB anchors, and determine the average of three positions with the smallest standard deviation among the plurality of positioning results as the location of the first electronic device (601). At this time, each UWB anchor may take turns operating as an initiator for each ranging round.

[0228] In one embodiment, the processor (1530) may obtain an expected distance range between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600) by executing instructions stored in the memory (1520), measure a distance between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600) based on the UWB TWR, and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range. In addition, the processor (1530) may obtain an expected AoA (angle of arrival) range between the first electronic device (1500) and the second electronic device (1600), obtain an AoA of a UWB signal received by the second electronic device (602), and determine whether to perform a transaction based on the obtained AoA and the expected AoA range.

[0229] The methods according to the embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.

[0230] When implemented in software, a computer-readable storage medium storing one or more programs (software modules) may be provided. The one or more programs stored in the computer-readable storage medium are configured for execution by one or more processors within an electronic device. The one or more programs include instructions that cause the electronic device to execute methods according to embodiments described in the claims or specification of the present disclosure.

[0231] In the present disclosure, the functions or operations performed by the electronic device may be performed by one or more processors executing one or more instructions stored in a memory. The functions or operations of the electronic device mentioned in the present disclosure may be performed by one processor executing one or more instructions, or may be performed by a combination of multiple processors executing one or more instructions. The processor mentioned in the present disclosure may be understood to include circuitry for performing calculations or controlling other components of the electronic device. For example, the one or more processors may include a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor unit (MPU), an application processor (AP), a communication processor (CP), a neural processing unit (NPU), a system on a chip (SoC), or an integrated circuit (IC) configured to execute one or more instructions. The one or more processors may be configured to perform the operations of the electronic device described above.

[0232] In the present disclosure, a program (software module, software) may be stored in a non-volatile memory including a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM), a magnetic disc storage device, a compact disc ROM (CD-ROM), digital versatile discs (DVDs) or other forms of optical storage devices, a magnetic cassette. Or, it may be stored in a memory formed by a combination of some or all of these. The memory may be formed by a single storage medium, or may be formed by a combination of a plurality of storage media. The one or more commands may be stored in a single storage medium, or may be distributed and stored in a plurality of storage media.

[0233] Additionally, the program may be stored on an attachable storage device that is accessible via a communication network such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a wide LAN (WLAN), or a storage area network (SAN), or a combination thereof. Such a storage device may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure via an external port. Additionally, a separate storage device on the communication network may be connected to a device performing an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] Additionally, in the present disclosure, terms such as “part”, “module”, etc. may refer to a hardware component such as a processor or circuit, and / or a software component executed by a hardware component such as a processor.

[0235] A "component" or "module" may be implemented by a program stored in an addressable storage medium and executed by a processor. For example, a "component" or "module" may be implemented by components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, as well as processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, and variables.

[0236] The specific implementations described in this disclosure are merely exemplary and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. For the sake of brevity, descriptions of conventional electronic components, control systems, software, and other functional aspects of the systems may be omitted.

[0237] While the detailed description of this disclosure has described specific embodiments, it should be understood that various modifications are possible without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the described embodiments, but should be defined not only by the scope of the claims described below, but also by equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a first electronic device, A step of receiving a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet that a second electronic device is advertising; A step of obtaining location information of the first electronic device based on UWB (ultra-wideband) DL-TDoA (downlink time difference of arrival); A step of advertising a second BLE advertising packet including location information of the first electronic device; and A method comprising the step of performing a transaction with the second electronic device via UWB communication in a transaction area based on UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR (two-way ranging).

2. In paragraph 1, The above first BLE advertising packet is, It includes at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device, and area information of the second electronic device. A method further comprising a step of obtaining location information including at least one of location information of a UWB anchor, information of the second electronic device, session setup information related to UWB, and information of the transaction area based on the location ID.

3. In paragraph 1, A method further comprising the step of turning on a UWB module of the first electronic device when receiving the first BLE advertising packet.

4. In paragraph 1, The second electronic device is a multi-gate device, The session interval of the UWB session for the above UWB DL-TDoA and the above UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, The first time slot among the above multiple time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, The remaining time slots, except for the first time slot above, are allocated for TWR ranging, A method wherein the plurality of time slots are determined based on the length of the first time slot.

5. In paragraph 1, The second electronic device is a single-gate device, The session interval of the UWB session for the above UWB DL-TDoA and the above UWB TWR consists of a plurality of time slots, The first time slot among the above multiple time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, Except for the first time slot, the remaining time slots are sequentially assigned slot indices starting from 0. When operating in the first mode, time slots with odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, A method in which time slots having slot indices of 0 and even numbers are allocated for TWR ranging when operating in the second mode.

6. In paragraph 1, The steps of performing the above UWB DL-TDoA are: A step of performing as many ranging rounds as the number of UWB anchors; A step of calculating the standard deviation for the positioning results according to each ranging round; and A step of determining three average positions with the smallest standard deviation among multiple positioning results as the position of the first electronic device, A method in which each UWB anchor takes turns acting as an initiator for each ranging round.

7. In paragraph 1, The step of performing a transaction with the second electronic device is as follows: A step of obtaining an expected distance range between the first electronic device and the second electronic device; A step of measuring the distance between the first electronic device and the second electronic device based on the UWB TWR; and A method comprising a step of determining whether to perform the transaction based on the measured distance and the expected distance range.

8. In the first electronic device, A first communication circuit for supporting Bluetooth communication; A second communication circuit for supporting UWB communication; at least one processor; and Contains memory that stores instructions, When the above instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the first electronic device: A second electronic device receives a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet advertising, Obtain location information of the first electronic device based on UWB (ultra-wideband) DL-TDoA (downlink time difference of arrival), Advertise a second BLE advertising packet including location information of the first electronic device, A first electronic device configured to perform a transaction with a second electronic device via UWB communication in a transaction area based on UWB DL-TDoA and UWB TWR (two-way ranging).

9. In a method performed by a second electronic device, A step of advertising a first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet; A step of receiving a second BLE advertising packet that is advertised by a first electronic device and includes location information of the first electronic device; and A method comprising the step of performing a transaction with the first electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on location information and UWB TWR (two-way ranging) of the first electronic device.

10. In paragraph 9, The above first BLE advertising packet is, A method comprising at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, location information of the second electronic device, and area information of the second electronic device.

11. In paragraph 9, The above second BLE advertising packet is, Contains at least one of a header, a place ID, a UWB address, and location information of the first electronic device; The step of performing a transaction with the above first electronic device is: A method comprising a step of determining whether the first electronic device is located within a predetermined distance for performing the transaction based on location information of the first electronic device.

12. In paragraph 9, The second electronic device is a multi-gate device, The location information of the first electronic device is obtained from the first electronic device based on UWB DL-TDoA, The session interval of the UWB session for the above UWB DL-TDoA and the above UWB TWR is composed of a plurality of time slots, The first time slot among the above multiple time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, The remaining time slots, except for the first time slot above, are allocated for TWR ranging, A method wherein the plurality of time slots are determined based on the length of the first time slot.

13. In paragraph 9, The second electronic device is a single-gate device, The location information of the first electronic device is obtained from the first electronic device based on UWB DL-TDoA, The session interval of the UWB session for the above UWB DL-TDoA and the above UWB TWR consists of a plurality of time slots, The first time slot among the above multiple time slots is allocated for DL-TDoA ranging, Except for the first time slot, the remaining time slots are sequentially assigned slot indices starting from 0. When operating in the first mode, time slots with odd slot indices are allocated for TWR ranging, A method in which time slots having slot indices of 0 and even numbers are allocated for TWR ranging when operating in the second mode.

14. In paragraph 9, The location information of the first electronic device is obtained from the first electronic device based on UWB DL-TDoA, The step of performing the UWB DL-TDoA in the first electronic device is: A step of performing a number of ranging rounds equal to the number of UWB anchors; and A step of determining three average positions with the smallest standard deviation among multiple positioning results as the position of the first electronic device, A method in which each UWB anchor takes turns acting as an initiator for each ranging round.

15. In the second electronic device, A first communication circuit for supporting Bluetooth communication; A second communication circuit for supporting UWB communication; at least one processor; and Contains memory that stores instructions, When the above instructions are executed by the at least one processor, the second electronic device: Advertising the first BLE (Bluetooth low energy) advertisement packet, A first electronic device advertises and receives a second BLE advertising packet containing location information of the first electronic device, A second electronic device configured to perform a transaction with the first electronic device through UWB communication in a transaction area based on location information and UWB TWR (two-way ranging) of the first electronic device.

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