Electrical flow heating applied directly to liquid masses

Abstract

The present invention pertains to the fields of industry (refrigeration installations, dairy plants, paper factories and asphalt smelting plants), commerce (hotels, warehouses and swimming pools), agriculture (aviaries, pigsties and silos) and / or residences (condominiums and houses) and relates to directly and / or indirectly heating liquid masses, more specifically water, using an electrical process in the production of heat. The electrical induction resistor (1) is formed by four electrodes arranged at 120° on a circumference and a neutral central electrode. The electrodes are surrounded by a metal bushing with a reducer (6), a stainless steel tube (7) and inner layers of insulation (8A), (8B) and (8C), with connections (9) arranged at the exposed ends of the electrodes. Results demonstrate that the heating performance of the electrical induction resistor (1), mainly for water, is greater, more efficient, safer and more effective when compared with conventional systems.

Description

[0001] Resistance to electrical induction applied directly to liquid masses as an inductor.

[0002] Field of invention

[0003]

[0001] This patent application is aimed at the industrial sector (refrigeration plants, dairies, paper mills and asphalt melting), commercial sector (hotels, warehouses and swimming pools), agricultural sector (poultry farms, pigsties and silos) and / or residential sector (condominiums and houses) and refers to the heating of liquid masses in a direct and / or indirect way, more precisely in the case of water, using an electrical process in the production of heat.

[0004] Fundamentals of the invention and state of the art

[0005]

[0002] Currently, the most commonly used methods for heating liquid masses are fossil fuels, such as diesel, LPG gas, firewood, and other products derived from waste raw materials, such as rice straw and sugarcane bagasse. Electrical energy itself is also widely used for conversion into heat.

[0006]

[0003] Heating values ​​are obtained from the proportion of fuels from random sources according to their energy value for a given heat production, compared to the same volume of masses and contents to be heated in relation to time.

[0007]

[0004] In relation to traditional systems, it was observed that when a certain electrical voltage is applied to a filament according to its conductivity and resistivity, the circulation of the electric current through this filament is transformed into heat. The filament is protected by an insulating casing that is in contact with a metal tube responsible for mechanically protecting and absorbing the heat, with said metal tube being introduced into the mass to be heated. In the case of water, it was observed that, for a certain period, this applied heat is transformed into air bubbles due to the strong heat pressure on the oxygen present in the masses, which traverse the entire volume of the mass and reach the surface, exploding. These bubbles hinder the distribution of heat over the mass to be heated, resulting in a large loss of applied power and little work produced in relation to the time involved in heat production.

[0008]

[0005] The present invention proposes a new concept in the application of electrical energy directly applied to masses, with respect to water, this energy being employed in the form of electrical induction directly to the mass, without the use of traditional electro-electronic inductive electrical filaments existing in the market.

[0009]

[0006] Several tests were carried out, proving that, when a certain electrical voltage is applied directly to a liquid mass, depending on its composition and conductivity, the result is the transformation of the applied power into heat without significant losses, with a considerable gain between applied power versus time transformed into work for the production of heat. This result occurs due to the application of the induced electrical voltage in the mass itself. The effect causes the matter to expand and the electric current to circulate through it, without the production of air bubbles, heating the entire mass homogeneously, thus accelerating the process of the applied power into work in the production of heat.

[0010] Description of the figures

[0011]

[0007] The present inventive activity will be described in greater detail below, by way of non-limiting example, with reference to its preferred embodiment illustrated in the drawings below, in which:

[0012] Figure 1 illustrates, in a side view in section, the position of the electrodes used in electrical induction resistance.

[0013] Figure 2 shows a rear view of the angular position of the electrodes and the neutral electrode in the center.

[0014] Figure 3 shows a conventional resistor in the image.

[0015] Figure 4 shows data collected from conventional resistance.

[0016] Figure 5 displays data collected from electrical induction resistance.

[0017] Detailed description of the invention

[0018]

[0008] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the resistance (1) to electrical induction applied directly to liquid masses as an inductor is formed by four electrodes arranged 120 ein a circle and a central neutral electrode. The power supply phases use a 220 / 127V 60Hz three-phase circuit with individual connection type and electrode connection sequence remaining in phase A (2), phase B (3), phase C (4) and neutral (5), with the possibility of use at other voltages according to appropriate dimensions. The electrodes are enclosed by a metal bushing with reduction (6), stainless steel tube (7) and internal layers of insulation (8A), (8B) and (8C), with connections (9) at the exposed ends of the electrodes.

[0019]

[0009] These tests were performed in order to obtain data on the resistance (1) to electrical induction applied directly to liquid masses as an inductor in comparison to conventional systems. A three-phase 220 / 127V electrical circuit (two hundred and twenty volts with access to the neutral), frequency 60Hz (sixty Hertz) was used, composed of a component applied in the form of induction, directly applied to the mass, with which it is possible to accelerate the temperature of this mass with less power in terms of electrical power. In the measurement, the component of the conventional system (10) and the resistance (1) to electrical induction were used to evaluate the temperature reached in relation to time, in identical volumes of mass.

[0020]

[0010] The component or resistor (10) of the conventional system (Figure 3) has a traditional construction property, with a nickel / chromium filament surrounded by insulating material inserted in a metal tube (copper type) with appropriate resistivity to withstand the voltage applied to it, immersed directly in the mass and handling the electric current circulating in the circuit. The electrical induction resistor (1) (Figures 1 and 2), with a construction property through the four metal electrodes, has appropriate dimensions and diameter, spacing between electrodes separated by insulating material and enclosure in a cylindrical metal tube with appropriate dimensions and without contact with the active electrodes.The electrodes were connected to a 220V, 60Hz three-phase electrical circuit in their respective phases, completely independent of each other. The neutral electrode was connected to the cylindrical stainless steel tube that surrounds the other electrodes, without direct contact, and was likewise immersed directly in the mass, thus carrying the electrical current circulating in the circuit.

[0021]

[0011] Both components or resistances were measured for a period of approximately five minutes in a 50-liter container of identical liquid masses, each component or resistance receiving identical electrical voltages.

[0022]

[0012] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the conventional system component (10), with a measured power of 4,863W, dissipated 391 W in just over five minutes and raised the temperature by 28 e C (twenty-eight degrees Celsius) to 51 eC (fifty-one degrees Celsius). The electrical induction resistance (1), with a measured power of 1,876W, dissipated 147W in just over five minutes and raised the temperature by 28 e C (twenty-eight degrees Celsius) to 72 e C (seventy-two degrees Celsius). The difference in actual consumption of component (10) to the induction resistor (1) in Watts showed a saving of 61% in applied power, since component (10) used 4,863W and the induction resistor (1) used 1,876W, that is, a difference of 2,987W. The gain in temperature rise of component (10), in just over five minutes, raised the temperature by 28 e C for 51 e C, an increase of 23 e C in temperature. The gain in temperature rise of the resistance (1) electrical induction, in just over five minutes, raised the temperature by 28 e C for 72 e C, an increase of 44 eC at temperature. Therefore, it can be stated that the gain in efficiency of component (10) for resistance (1) to electrical induction reaches more than 100% at temperature rise.

[0023]

[0013] Below are the data for energy fuels used for heat production and direct or indirect mass heating, along with their energy values ​​and costs in R$ (Brazilian reais):

[0024] - 1 kg (one kilogram) of LPG is equivalent to 13.7 kWh of electrical energy. The LPG cylinder, which currently costs R$100.00 to R$105.00 on average, consumes R$0.59 to produce 1 kWh of electrical power (13kg cylinder - R$105.00 / 13kg = R$8.07 per kg / 13.7 kWh = R$0.59).

[0025] - The specific energy of S10 diesel oil is equivalent to 2.52 kWh per liter. Compared to other types of diesel, it showed the best energy performance. The average cost per liter of diesel oil is around R$6.00 / 2.52 kWh = R$2.39 for the production of 1 kW of electrical power.

[0026] Regarding its composition, firewood contains 41% to 49% cellulose, 15% to 27% hemicellulose, and 18% to 24% lignin. Its average lower calorific value is 3,100 kcal / kg, equivalent to (3605 Wh). The average cost per ton of firewood and its derivatives varies between R$650.00 and R$800.00 (R$800.00 / 1,000 kg = R$0.80 / 3605 Wh = R$0.222 kWh. The average labor cost is between R$1.94 / h + R$0.222 = R$2.162 for the production of 1 kWh of electrical power).

[0027] - 1 kW of electrical energy has an average cost of R$0.75 to R$0.81 kWh. The traditional filament electric resistance generates a power of 4,860Wh. The electric induction resistance (1) with the electrodes inserted directly into the ground generates 2,160Wh.

[0028]

[0014] As the power gain of the electrical induction resistor (1) can reach up to 61% in relation to component (10) in terms of energy efficiency, if the energy costs for heat production are compared to other fossil fuels, firewood and its derivatives, taking into account CO2e emissions and considering the values ​​of electricity around R$0.81 per kWh and the efficiency of the electrical induction resistor (1) up to 61% in relation to traditional systems, it can be stated that there is an efficiency of up to 100% in heat production.

[0029]

[0015] According to the measurements and results presented, it is proven that the performance in the form of heating of the proposed electrical induction resistance (1), mainly water, is superior, efficient, safe and effective when compared to traditional systems. The intention is to adopt the electrical induction resistance (1) in various segments of industry, commerce, residence, hospitality and agriculture (animal and poultry breeding in captivity such as pigsties, aviaries and other related) and in other processes dependent on heat exchangers for heating environments and other liquid masses directly or indirectly, however maintaining laboratory analyses in order to gradually improve the application process.

[0030]

[0016] In terms of advantages, the present invention reduces the electrical demand applied in relation to traditional systems in heat production or vice versa; the use of clean energy does not cause pollution to the environment; it does not cause disturbances to the electrical system; it promotes a high efficiency factor, between 0.99% and 1% power factor; the “TDH” (total harmonic distortion) remains within acceptable standards, i.e., below average; it does not generate noise, in addition to being easily controlled and offering reduced maintenance and labor; as its mass is less conductive, there is lower power consumption and, consequently, a delay in temperature rise, maintaining efficiency over time, since efficiency is directly proportional to the power applied for the same specific work.

[0031]

[0017] It is worth noting that the inventive activity in question should be understood as representative and not limiting, capable of undergoing convenient modifications and updates in its form and in the components mentioned, provided that such modifications do not deviate from the essence of the proposal.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. ELECTRICAL INDUCTION RESISTANCE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO LIQUID MASSES AS AN INDUCTOR, CHARACTERIZED by the resistance (1) to electrical induction being formed by four electrodes arranged 120 e in a circle and a neutral central electrode, using the power supply phases of a 220 / 127V 60Hz three-phase circuit with individual connection type and electrode connection sequence remaining in phase A (2), phase B (3), phase C (4) and neutral. (5), the said electrodes being enclosed in a metal bushing with reduction (6), stainless steel tube (7) and inner layers of insulation (8A), (8B) and (8C), with connections (9) at the exposed ends of the electrodes.

2. ELECTRICAL INDUCTION RESISTANCE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO LIQUID MASSES AS AN INDUCTOR, in accordance with claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the electrical induction resistance (1) generates a measured power of 1,876W, dissipating 147W over five minutes, raising the temperature by 28 e C (twenty-eight degrees Celsius) to 72 e C (seventy-two degrees Celsius).

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