High-temperature devolatilisation (devolat) wastemill technology

Abstract

The invention belongs to the renewable energy sector and relates to a technology called WASTEMILL, which enables a thermophysical process of high-temperature devolatilisation (DEVOLAT) coupled with a turbo-extractor, which provides clean treatment for a wide range of waste and rubbish, such as urban and municipal waste, biomass, food and putrescible waste, plastics and polymers, rubber and organic iodine, among others, converting them into a fuel and energy gas.

Description

[0001] GREEN GLUING PROCEDURE FOR NATIVE WOODS FOR EXTERIOR USE

[0002] DESCRIPTION

[0003] TECHNICAL SECTOR

[0004] The present invention belongs to the renewable energy sector and relates to a technology called WASTEMILL that allows a thermophysical process of High Temperature Devolatilization (DFVOLAT) stored in a TURBOEXTRACTOR, which cleanly treats a wide spectrum of waste and refuse, such as: urban and municipal waste, biomass, food and putrescible waste, plastics and polymers, rubbers and organic compounds among others, converting them into an energy and fuel gas

[0005] STATE OF THE ART

[0006] Technologies can be found that can be used for waste disposal. There are biological processes that are not applicable to all the waste mentioned above, and also include: gasification, pyrolysis, laser, plasma, catalytic cracking, microwaves, fluidized bed reactors, in "batch" or "semi-batch", "hot balls", "molten metals" with various heating modes, arrangements or internal arrangements. However, it is necessary to return to what makes the difference with our WASTEMILL technology.

[0007] More than 10,000 documents and reports on patent applications in the field of gasification or pyrolysis can be easily found: USPTO (United States), EPO (European Patent Office), CNIPA (CN), KIPO (KR), JPO (JP), OPIC (CA), IP Australia (AU), DPMA (DE), Rospatent (UK), INRI (BR) or the same with the GOOGLE Patents search engine.

[0008] Industrial developments, devices, and patents include, for example:

[0009] French Petroleum Institute (France)

[0010] Wuhan Kaids Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. (China) General Electric (United States)

[0011] . Shell International Research Maatschappij BV (Netherlands)

[0012] . Air Products and Chemicals, inc. (USA)

[0013] Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission (France)

[0014] . Stíchtíng Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland (Pays-Bas)

[0015] Johnson Matthey Pie (United Kingdom)

[0016] Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan)

[0017] . Linds AG (Germany). ThyssenKrupp Uhde GmbH (Germany)

[0018] Below, we can mention some patents that might be similar to our technology but cannot be opposed based on their general description and the proposal of our application.

[0019] These include:

[0020] ES 2319333T3

[0021] It is described as: “a waste treatment process, the process comprising: a gasification stage comprising treating the waste in a gasification unit in the presence of oxygen and water vapor to produce a discharge gas and a solid carbon waste material that is not suspended in air; and a plasma treatment stage comprising subjecting the discharge gas and the solid carbon waste material that is not suspended in air to plasma treatment in a plasma treatment unit in the presence of oxygen and, optionally, water vapor, wherein the plasma treatment unit is separate from the gasification unit.” This patent, in turn, establishes that it is a waste treatment process, particularly for municipal waste.

[0022] ES2586582T3

[0023] The chamber is described as: “a waste treatment process comprising: introducing waste into a chamber, heating the waste to a high temperature to effect pyrolysis of the waste, then as a next step introducing oxygen into the chamber to effect combustion of the waste without heating or cooling of a specific chamber separator, and rinsing the burned waste from the chamber with water, wherein the temperature for effecting pyrolysis is between 400-700°C and the temperature for effecting combustion is at least 400°C.”

[0024] Unlike the patents listed in our application, WASTEMILL technology is a high-temperature waste treatment process, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen, or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds such as dioxins.

[0025] It is not gasification or pyrolysis, it is a “High Temperature Devolatilization” (DEVOLAT)

[0026] Additionally, since it is not gasification, since oxygen is not involved, it does not work at lower temperatures, there is no combustion of waste, and a plasma torch is not needed, among other things, as well as in our case the effect of "Thermocracking" in partial vat to produce very light hydrocarbon fractions and not a SYNGAS.

[0027] THE ANOXIC THERMO-DISOCIATION PROCESS

[0028] Chromium, as the short title suggests, is a thermal dissociation process under anoxic conditions, that is, without the presence of oxygen.

[0029] This process is not gasification because there is no presence of air, oxygen or steam; it seems similar to pyrolysis, but it is known to produce a gas called SYNGAS, but also in significant proportions generally heavy hydrocarbons called TAR and a carbonized solid residue called CHAR.

[0030] In our case the exact definition of the reaction is DEVOLATILIZATION.

[0031] WHAT IS DEVOLUTION?

[0032] Devolatilization or devotilization is the principle in which volatile compounds are removed from a solid or liquid material by means of a heat flow according to thermophysical conditions.

[0033] To volatilize the volatile compounds of a material almost instantaneously, several conditions will be needed that in our case are not exactly those of pyrolysis: the degradation is more progressive and could be described as a much less efficient process.

[0034] Energy and heat transfers leading to spontaneous devolatilization are fundamental parameters for understanding the behavior of waste and waste mixtures under high temperatures.

[0035] Several factors affect activation energy: a. Presence of catalysts: Catalysts reduce activation energy by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction. b. Nature of the reactants: Different types of chemical bonds, some stronger than others, require different energies to break. c. Physical state: The phase (solid, liquid, or gas) and size can influence the energy required. A finely divided material will react much more quickly than a large block or mass, as in most pyrolysis systems. d. The instantaneous heat flux available per unit of time, which is influenced by thermal inertia and the contact surfaces with the material to be vaporized.

[0036] In the case of devolatilization: the activation energy follows the critical parameter that determines the rate at which volatile compounds are released, and this value depends on the type of material and the experimental conditions, such as temperature and pressure.

[0037] The materials we treat generally have a high volatile matter content that we want to transform completely into a maximum of combustible gas and a minimum of by-products such as TAR or final waste such as CHAR.

[0038] To achieve optimal and maximum devolatilization, a set of conditions is needed: a) Determining the composition of the residues: GHONAS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Ash, and Sulfur) to determine their molecular contents. b) Preventing the entry of air or oxygen and maintaining a ratio called ERA of around 2.5, which prevents the creation of any oxidizing atmosphere and the formation of compounds such as dioxins. c) A high operating temperature: We are working at a very high temperature called the CARBON BOUNDARY LIMIT (CBL), where maximum gas production is achieved with a minimum of hydrocarbon byproducts (TAR) and ultimate residues (CHAR). d) Having an Activation Energy: Activation energy is a fundamental concept in chemistry and chemical kinetics.This term was introduced by Svante Arrhenius, and describes the energy barrier that reactants must overcome to become, in our case, a combustible gas: this energy barrier is measured in Joules per mole (J / mol) or kilojoules per mole (kJ / mol) and refers to the minimum amount of energy that reactant molecules must have for a reaction to occur.

[0039] This means that if we have to treat a significant mass of waste at the same time, a very large instantaneous amount of energy will be needed, depending on the molar mass of the waste. e) Pressure conditions: We are effectively working under a partial vacuum, which allows for "thermocracking," that is, the breaking down of molecules through sufficient activation energy. This vacuum also favors fractionation into lighter molecules, preventing the formation of heavy hydrocarbons and condensates such as TAR. f) In addition to favoring fractionation, this allows us to avoid any pressure and makes it a completely safe system. g) An appropriate size of the shredded (chipped) waste determines the activation energy transfer rate. In our case, rates of over 300 °C per second can be exceeded, which causes instantaneous volatilization.h) A loading system that prevents the entry of excess air, but also distributes the chipped materials continuously, but in controlled quantities, for example 58 grams per second, which guarantees that the activation energy can be delivered first and secondly, that there is never any accumulation of materials in the thermal core: all this leads to a perfectly safe system where if the material feed is cut off, gas production immediately stops. i) The spiral progression system within the thermal core guarantees the high thermal flows necessary for devolatilization, homogeneity, and a contact time that allows for maximum conversion of the materials and a minimization of the final waste to just a few percent.j) A minimum residence time of the devolatilization gas: effectively, once the activation energy is exceeded, we have a maximum gas production that can exceed 90%, but in a few seconds, recombinations into hydrocarbons and carbonization products occur very rapidly. k) Proceed with the immediate extraction of the gas at high temperature with a sufficient speed to ensure the extraction of flying particles by means of a cyclonic filter and a transfer time of less than 4 seconds between the production and energy use of the gas: this time allows avoiding the recombinations mentioned in the previous section. l) The devolatilization gas is never cooled and is extracted permanently at a temperature above 350°C by means of a special extractor turbine designed to work at high temperature in order to produce:

[0040] - the partial vacuum in the reaction zone, the immediate aspiration of the gas, the removal of flying particles in the gas, a slight pressurization sufficient to feed a burner (76 / 100 rnbars)

[0041] Working at a temperature above 350°C helps prevent the formation of condensation.

[0042] Our waste devolatilization process is a key process in the clean conversion of waste and the volatile compounds present in the organic materials of the waste are released in the form of a very energetic, totally gaseous, high-temperature, non-fossil byproduct with a composition very different from the SYNGAS of Pyrolysis with very few final solid and inert residues.

[0043] WASTEMILL technology with its TURBOEXTRACTOR converts a wide spectrum of waste and refuse into a combustible gas and allows the clean destruction of different types of waste alone or in mixtures such as urban and municipal waste, biomass, food and putrescible waste, medicines, hospital waste, electronic waste, plastics and polymers, ...from rubber to organic, petroleum or oily sludge.

[0044] The developed invention allows the conversion and transformation of organic or inorganic materials, objects, and substances through a thermophysical process of "High Temperature Devolatilization" (DEVOLAT). The technology consists of two key elements for the construction of waste treatment units and / or the thermal cracking of hydrocarbons: a thermal core (wastemill) and a turbo extractor.

[0045] No Turbo Extractor has been identified that possesses the necessary flow and pressure / depression characteristics for the continuous extraction of a gas that can exceed 400 to 450 °C, which explains our development.

[0046] WASTEMILL technology allows, through a high-temperature "Devotetilization" (DEVOLAT) reaction of urea, in a sealed chamber under very low pressure or partial vacuum conditions and in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, the clean destruction of different types of waste, alone or in mixtures.

[0047] These two unique elements: the Wastemill works at temperatures up to over 1,000 °C and the Turboextractor up to 450 °C

[0048] Differerroíia with other technologies:

[0049] Among the technologies that can be used for waste disposal are biological processes that are not applicable to all the waste mentioned above and also include: gasification, pyrolysis, laser, plasma, catalytic cracking, microwaves, fluidized bed reactors, in "batch" or "semi-batch", "hot balls", "molten metals" with various heating modes, arrangements or internal arrangements, however it is necessary to return to what makes the difference with our WASTEMILL technology.

[0050] Regarding WASTEMILL's High Temperature Devolatilization (DEVOLAT) technology, we differentiate it in terms of the technology itself rather than the capacity of the entire system, particularly compared to two other processes.

[0051] A) GASIFICATION:

[0052] Gasification is a high-temperature process developed to transform a solid waste or biofuel (biomass) into a gas, but it has the major difference that the gasifying agent can be composed of air, steam, or oxygen.

[0053] As a result of gasification, a synthesis gas is formed consisting of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as well as other gases and substances, such as nitrogen, methane, water, and ash.

[0054] The presence of gold-plated products and, for example, PVC, can form acids or compounds such as dioxins or foranes.

[0055] In addition to the gasifier, the industrial units have a large capacity for the preparation and supply of raw materials, a raw material heating system, a gas cooling and treatment system, and the capture of dust, ash, condensate, wastewater, iodine, etc.

[0056] Currently, there are several types of gasifiers in use:

[0057] Fixed countercurrent bed, in which carbonaceous fuel is treated using steam, oxygen or air passing through it in a countercurrent configuration.

[0058] Fixed co-current bed, which uses a gasifying gas that circulates in a co-current configuration with the fuel.

[0059] Fluidized bed, where the fuel is subjected to fluidization in oxygen and steam or air.

[0060] . Or entrained flow, where the raw material is gasified with oxygen or air in a co-current stream.

[0061] The problems encountered are the differences in the calorific value of the waste and the moisture content; in addition, during gasification, which is a relatively slow process, a large amount of tars (heavy organic compounds) can be produced.

[0062] During gas cooling, they are often responsible for clogging the system: tar formation is one of the biggest problems, causing poor-quality gas production, higher failure rates, and increased maintenance. Environmental problems surrounding gasification include the potential for emissions of toxic gases such as dioxins or foranes, but also nitrogen oxides (NOx) because each cubic meter of air entering the reactor contains 79% nitrogen, which also depletes the gas.

[0063] In our WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization (DEVOLAT) technology, the thermal volatilization process works in a redox atmosphere, i.e., non-oxidizing, and it is not a gasification because there is never cremation or oxidation of the waste, only a low volatilization effect of a high thermal flow.

[0064] For example:

[0065] If we take as an example the "EnerTechUp" database with more than 6,000 patent documents and patent applications, we see that: Gasification cannot oppose WASTEMILL i DEVOLAT technology because the fact of gasifying the raw material in the presence of oxygen, air or steam does not guarantee the anoxic character of our process.

[0066] B) PYROLYSIS:

[0067] Generally, publications focus mainly on the comparison of the physicochemical parameters of the reaction, reactants and by-products, considering in most cases a single type of reactor in a simplified version and on a laboratory scale.

[0068] Other patents compare the characteristics and performance of rapid pyrolysis reactors that operate at a commercial or demonstration level, investigating a specific need often focused on specific waste or fast pyrolysis technologies.

[0069] Reactors are often based on a specific shape or include a particular device, which may also share similar geometric design characteristics and have similar technological features:

[0070] . Raw material pretreatment

[0071] . Power supply systems

[0072] By-products, capture and separation

[0073] Chemistry and the use of catalysts

[0074] Other teams

[0075] Emissions, testing and diagnostic methods

[0076] Final waste treatment

[0077] Other teams

[0078] The problems encountered are the differences in the calorific value of the waste and the moisture content, and a large amount of tars (heavy organic compounds) and pyrolysis oil can be produced during gas cooling: these are often responsible for the blockage; the formation of tars and pyrolysis oils is one of the major problems that cause increased maintenance.

[0079] To the exposed:

[0080] We can state that, generally, the patents we have reviewed describe a single type of reactor in a simplified version and / or at laboratory scale, or industrial facilities for the mass treatment of tons of waste of a specific type, but rarely a broad-spectrum, human-scale system like WASTEMILL, which, through High Temperature Devolatilization (DEVOLAT), allows for the eradication and clean conversion of waste, both individually and in mixtures, at a local level. Industrial gasification or pyrolysis plants, in addition to the large quantities processed, are also susceptible to generating safety problems, emergency shutdowns, pressurization issues, and environmental problems, including the possibility of emitting significant quantities of toxic gases or particulate matter.

[0081] These facilities generally also require the supply of fuels, often of fossil origin.

[0082] Today, there is no simple technology that occupies very little space and has the capacity to cleanly treat waste at the production site, so that it can be implemented in supermarkets, restaurants, ships, communities and / or neighborhoods, but also perform thermal cracking of hydrocarbons to obtain gaseous or liquid fuels (synthetic oil).

[0083] The WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization (DEVOLAT) process / system is a technological fusion and an inseparable whole that in many ways is totally different from gasification since there is no air, oxygen or steam entering the reaction, but also from pyrolysis as explained below:

[0084] Anoxic Thermo-Volatilization Gas is a gas very rich in elemental gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and light apathetic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

[0085] This gas is produced by an instantaneous volatilization effect due to heating rates that can reach more than 300 degrees Celsius per second, compared to most rates obtained in other processes, including pyrolysis (except plasma, e.g.).

[0086] The conversion efficiencies to gas by volatilization, depending on the material, can reach more than 90%, but these yields are strongly linked to the residence time of the gas in the reactor.

[0087] This gas is very low in nitrogen because very little air enters the reaction (anoxic character).

[0088] This gas is a complete reducing agent, which prevents the formation of toxic compounds such as dioxins or furans.

[0089] This gas exists only under the temperature and pressure conditions of our system, and its composition is very different from that of a pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the gas is maintained and used directly at a temperature above the formation temperature by recombination of coal tar residues (CHAR) and tar liquids (TAR). This gas, which contains condensable hydrocarbons, can then be sent to a fractionation tower to obtain synthetic gas and oil according to the parameters used.

[0090] Furthermore, the partial vacuum produced by a turbo extractor responsible for extracting the gas as it is produced limits the residence time in the reactor and the circuit has a shorter recombination time into by-products (CHAR and Pyrolysis Oil / TAR) and allows thermal cracking in the case of hydrocarbons.

[0091] This residence time is usually less than 4 seconds, allowing for very high conversion efficiencies and the preservation of a maximum of gaseous products:

[0092] In fact, a residence time of less than 10 seconds favors a higher production of light hydrocarbons (C1-C4) and a lower production of heavier hydrocarbons (C5-C20).

[0093] The design of the high-temperature turbine allows for both the minimization of residence time, producing a vacuum favorable to the cracking reactions of heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fractions, and the pumping speed and outlet pressurization necessary to feed a burner and ensure clean combustion of the "Devolatilization" gas at high temperatures. The flow velocities allow for the separation of gas-driven particles in a cyclone filter operating at high temperatures.

[0094] Finally, the use of technologies, and in particular specific materials and structures, makes it possible to offer a product that is simple to use and reliable.

[0095] The invention consists of: a) A monolithic WASTEMILL Thermal Core, preferably made from a single block of special refractory and austenitic stainless materials to withstand corrosive or abrasive processes at high temperatures up to 1,100 °C; b) The geometry of the chamber of this core allows the processing of molten or liquid products, which release or become liquid during the start of processing; c) The chamber of this thermal core is preferably made using a special casting process or by assembling elements manufactured by waterjet or laser cutting.d) A monolithic TURBOEXTRACTOR inseparable from the WASTEMILL thermal core, also made of these special refractory and stainless materials to resist corrosive or abrasive processes and operate continuously at high temperatures up to 500 °C with combustible gases composed of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrocarbons in significant quantities. e) The TURBOEXTRACTOR has its own integrated cooling and lubrication system that allows for monitoring, detection, and evolution of the airtightness in order to carry out maintenance operations. f) The high-temperature thermal core, equipped with an electric heating system, allows for the "Devolatilization" (DEVOLAT) of the waste at high temperature or the cracking of hydrocarbon molecules through a thermal shock of several hundred °C per second, reaching the activation energy of the materials to produce volatilization of the waste into high-temperature gas.g) A continuous feeding system, approximately 60 grams per second, which allows for the volatilization of the materials. h) This product inlet system prevents the entry of air and oxygen to maintain a non-oxidizing atmosphere. i) A thrust system mounted on a hollow motorized shaft, with a coolant circulation, allows for the rotation, stirring, and thrust of the materials for spiral progression within the reactor and the extraction of the final residues. j) The special TURBOEXTRACTOR is designed to work with a high-temperature gas and maintain a partial vacuum in the thermal core reaction chamber to shorten the residence time through the immediate extraction and pressurization of the produced gas.k) This high-energy gas can be used in 2 possible ways: Feed a SWIRL Hi TAC (Turbulent High Temperature Air Combustion) burner or feed a fractionation tower where condensable hydrocarbons can be separated from the gas, which can then be used as natural gas or buiano-propane.

[0096] WASTEMILL technology, due to its capacity and size, is the only technology that has advantages over Carbon Neutral since it allows the clean and local treatment on a human scale of a wide range of domestic, industrial or sludge waste, including petroleum or oily waste.

[0097] In addition, WASTEMILL technology has the capacity to carry out “Waste to Energy” and “Waste to Fuel” applications, for the production of gaseous and liquid fuels (synthetic oil) of non-fossil origin.

[0098] Furthermore, the process is carried out using a PLC-type system, with graphical visualization on a touchscreen, data acquisition and recording, and the possibility of remote data access via the internet. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0099] Figure 1: Operating Principle and Materials

[0100] The thermal core reactor is preferably made by a special one-piece casting process in special austenitic refractory stainless steel (A 297 / A 297M)

[0101] The configuration, as well as the alloy, will be determined according to the working domain and the characteristics of the waste.

[0102] For cores made up of a stack of plates made with a water jet or plasma cutting process to receive the surface treatments and layers of materials defined above.

[0103] The thermal core is heated to a high temperature by means of electrical resistances and has, for example, 3 concentric channels with a height of 15 centimeters and a different length of 12 centimeters in the center and less than 10 centimeters in the peripheral channels for a total diameter of less than one meter.

[0104] The top part has a conical profile from the outside towards the center for the following reason: depending on the materials treated and the possibility of having liquid phases as well as the need to introduce all or catalysts, the slope within the spiral system allows containing the liquids until complete volatilization and preventing the penetration or mixing of liquids in the rest of the system, such as, for example, slag or particulate matter extractors.

[0105] The design allows for housings to be made to introduce the heating elements consisting of electric resistors of 2.8 KW to 3.2 KW per unit

[0106] The quantity of elements will be determined according to the activation energy required based on the waste to be treated (up to more than 500 KJ per mole) and the energy flow to achieve heating rates of hundreds of °C per second.

[0107] In case of need for larger thermal flows, induction heating can be carried out using a frequency of 5 to 20 kHz, preferably using a reactor made of AISI 446 alloy.

[0108] The electrical resistors can work up to 1,100 degrees and in sufficient quantity to guarantee the working temperatures and the energy for volatilization according to the waste to be treated.

[0109] This high flow rate can be achieved because the waste to be treated is shredded into fine particles and the amount introduced into the reaction chamber does not exceed 60 grams per second.

[0110] This feature allows continuous operation without having to store materials in the reactor; moreover, in case of any problem, simply cutting off the raw material feed will quickly stop the reaction due to lack of material.

[0111] A hollow shaft with bearings and an internal cooling system allows the rotation of arms equipped with blades with a particular geometry and profile in order to ensure the progression of the materials to be volatilized in the volatilization chamber.

[0112] Figure 2: Elements of the Thermal Core

[0113] Each rotating arm has blades with a special angle, incidence, and profile that move like a "motor grader," and each one is inside one of the circular channels. Each channel has an open part in the inner wall (transfer zone) in such a way as to ensure the transfer of the materials or the last wastes pushed towards the next inner channel due to the shape of the blades: the wastes can thus move from the middle channel to the central channel and then to where they can exit the reactor.

[0114] Figure 3: The Cough Progression System for Residues and Slag

[0115] The finely divided materials receive a tremendous thermal flow (activation energy) which allows volatilization of these materials with a journey through the 3 channels inside the reactor by means of the push broom system which allows not only the stirring but also the progression until the complete volatilization of these materials before the exit of the last wastes.

[0116] This spiral-shaped movement from the outside towards the center constitutes the "spiral" movement within the reactor and the progression to the exit of a few inert slags.

[0117] For a device less than 1 meter in diameter, this means traveling a linear distance of more than 4.60 meters over the surface of the base of the high-temperature reactor.

[0118] In contact with the thermal plate and pushed by the rotating arm, the mixing of waste is guaranteed, as well as the progression and homogenization of the temperatures of this waste, which will volatilize under the effect of the heat flow to reach heating speeds of several hundred degrees per second.

[0119] At the exit of the inner channel, the slag falls into a chamber that has a cooling liquid circulation at its base in order to recover the heat and prevent the extraction of slag and materials that are too hot.

[0120] The shaft that supports the volatilization chamber arms ensures the movement of the slag towards the gravity extraction system.

[0121] The rotating arms are driven by an electric motor and gearbox assembly and controlled by a frequency converter. Reactor Technology

[0122] The technology uses special materials for high temperatures or surface preparation, assembly methodologies, and particular geometries.

[0123] Preferably, the thermal core reactor will be made in a single block and with a particular geometry using a special process of casting refractory and stainless materials.

[0124] The material specification will be ASTM A447 / A447M for the austenitic chromium-nickel-iron alloy (class 25-12) with 0.5% molybdenum and, for thermal cores working at higher temperatures, it will be a chromium-nickel-iron alloy (25-35) with 0.5% molybdenum and 0.5 to 1.5% niobium.

[0125] If assembled from plates, the alloy could be at least type HH (ASTM A351 / A351 M)

[0126] In the case of heating by induction, an alloy of type Al SI 446 will preferably be used.

[0127] For working conditions at much lower temperatures, black steel treated as defined below may be used: if no special steels are needed, the material used for the reactor body may be a black steel (for example, type P355 or equivalent) usable for the manufacture of boilers, but with the difference that a multi-layer coating is made of special materials to give resistance to diffusion, intergranular corrosion as well as high-temperature corrosion for the parts exposed to air or the materials to be treated.

[0128] Figure 4 A Monolithic Thermal Core

[0129] The reactor body, as well as the internal geometries, will be made of special cast iron in a single piece, as can be seen in Figure 4A.

[0130] Figure 4 B: Thermal Core Assembly

[0131] The assembly of the high temperature part supporting the channels and the assembly of the plates is done by means of welded fasteners, the airtightness is ensured by the centering device, welded on each side of the plate assembly and the welds of the chambers to the periphery.

[0132] Mechanical strength is not a critical factor in sizing because, by design, there is never any pressure in the reactor. Except for single-block construction and the use of refractory materials for special high-temperature applications, the structure is as follows: a base material of black steel with a layer of metals of a composition similar to a "superalloy" or Inconel, capable of continuous operation at 980°C, and another layer of refractory oxides for thermal protection, abrasion resistance, and oxidation resistance up to 1,650°C.

[0133] Figure 4 C: Thermal Core Assembly Technology

[0134] Example design of the plate that receives the electrical resistors for reactor heating. Thermal core structure by assembly

[0135] The geometries, the manufacturing process, the surface preparation, the composition of the materials used, or in the case of assembly, the structure of the coating layers resistant to heat, oxidation, and abrasion constitute our intellectual property.

[0136] Figure 5: Technology of Thermal Structures made by assembly

[0137] The use of the following can be specified:

[0138] Diffusion barriers based on nickel, chromium, aluminum, tungsten, molybdenum including niobium for continuous operation up to 980 °C

[0139] . High temperature protection against oxidation and abrasion with aluminum oxide complexes, titanium including zirconium oxide usable up to 1,650 *0.

[0140] The coating technology uses a “High Velocity Oxy-Fuel” (HVOF) type canon: the surface preparation characteristics, the composition of the coating materials, the thickness, the number of layers as well as the application conditions are part of our know-how and the patent.

[0141] This type of coating is used particularly in the alveoli that receive the electrical resistors and the high-temperature parts exposed to the air.

[0142] Passivacron of the Chamber d@ Desvolatsíízadón in the case of assembly

[0143] The devolatilization chamber will receive a thermochemical carbonitriding treatment upon its first use: the application conditions are part of our know-how and patent.

[0144] In summary, the structure of the thermal core and in particular of the reactor can be summarized as a “sandwich” structure made up of several layers of cladding fulfilling specific functions for each side, (figure 5)

[0145] High Temperature Devolatilization Mechanism (IDEVOLAT)

[0146] This technology is the result of the knowledge, characterization and modeling of a large number of wastes, particularly the thermogravimetric behavior, the chemical composition of the wastes: CHORAS (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Ash and Sulfur), the determination of the average molecular mass, the activation energy required (Kitojoules / mf) and the equivalent proportions of oxygen (ERA) and CBL (Carbon Limiting Frontier) that will allow obtaining a maximum of gas for a minimum of tar (TAR) and solid residue (CHAR).

[0147] It is not gasification because there is no oxygen; the atmosphere is reducing, which is verified because intact metates are recovered at the outlet, particularly when we have electronic waste.

[0148] This DEVOLAT process is aimed at a very wide range of waste, alone or in mixtures, and above all it is the only human-scale process that allows the local treatment of a few tons of waste per day and even organic sludge.

[0149] The Thermal Core and its Peripherals system consists of:

[0150] SJ A distribution system for introducing materials in small but continuous quantities without introducing significant amounts of air. s A Thermovotetilization reactor

[0151] A high-temperature electric heating system with electric resistors. A spiral system for transferring materials and scales.

[0152] A system for rotating the sweeping system mounted on a shaft with internal circulation of a cooling liquid

[0153] A system for sweeping and moving materials between the coils towards the exit

[0154] A high-temperature cyclonic filter for the recovery of flying particles

[0155] A high-temperature turbo extractor with its DS lubrication and cooling system.

[0156] A slag receptacle with heat exchanger

[0157] A slag extractor with a stopper

[0158] A cyclone filter particle extractor with a cap

[0159] A cooling fluid recirculation system

[0160] A heat exchanger for energy recovery

[0161] A heat dissipation system (radiators...)

[0162] A process control system controlled by PLC microcontrollers

[0163] The overall system generally incorporates a special burner for the produced gas and a boiler for the recovery of energy produced from the volatilization gas.

[0164] Figures 8, 7, 8 and 9A and 9B: Description of the ccmjuriis WASTES'LL- TURBGEXTRACTOR

[0165] Figure 8

[0166] The waste or waste mixtures are finely reduced by a flaker and are introduced by a feeding system (1) (for example, a screw conveyor) to the inlet (2) of the thermo-volatilization thermal core to enter a rotary distributor (3) which aims to deliver the waste directly into the cylindrical chamber (7) and minimize the entry of air and oxygen to ensure the anoxic nature of the process.

[0167] There is never combustion or oxidation of the residues, only spontaneous vaporization upon contact with a high-temperature surface in a reducing (non-oxidizing) atmosphere.

[0168] The reactor consists of a cylindrical chamber (7) with a base plate (8) equipped with concentric channels (9), (10) and (11) heated to high temperature (up to 960°C) by means of electrical resistances (13) preferably to other heating methods, due to the cleanliness of the system, the ease of adjusting the working temperatures and the energy involved for thermo-volatilization.

[0169] The base plate is equipped with 3 concentric channels (9) (10) and (11) in which blades (12) move connected to arms set in rotation by a shaft (4) connected to a reduction system and an electric motor controlled by a frequency converter.

[0170] The blades (12) have a particular profile, angle, curvature, and inclination like a "mofo-leveler" and act like a blade, scraping the base plate (10) to remove and push the materials inwards and at the same time accumulate the transformed material to push and deposit it in the side channel when they reach an opening in the channel

[0171] The blades (12) have the angle, inclination and profile that allow them to detach and scrape any agglomeration on the base plate (8) and perform the sweeping and pushing necessary for the progression of the transformed materials in the central channel (9) until they find an opening that will allow the transfer of the materials and slag in the next channel (10) thanks to its angle with the direction of displacement and then pass through the next opening to the outer channel (11) until reaching a discharge window (14). At the exit of the slag cooling chamber (16) we have a connection (17) to an extraction system (18) consisting of a motorized screw conveyor (18) to a discharge opening (28).

[0172] Similarly, the particulate matter collected by the cyclone filter (21) is connected to an extraction system consisting of a motorized screw conveyor (26) to a discharge opening (27)

[0173] Figure 6 shows the cooling system of the fluid circulating in the cooling device (23) of the Turboextractor (22) with the radiator (24) and ventilation (25).

[0174] The hollow rotating shaft has a coolant fluid feeding device (5) at its inlet and the same device at its outlet (6)

[0175] Figure 7: Spiral collection system

[0176] The spiral progression system allows for the optimization and reduction of linear speed differences of waste and slag between the central part and the periphery for the treatment of certain wastes that are a little slower to volatilize completely.

[0177] The base plate (8) has a conical shape that ensures the non-accumulation of possible liquids that may be present or by-products obtained from waste.

[0178] The rotating arms (12), which are at least 2 in number and symmetrical, have a geometry and profile that allow for optimization of the surface sweep. <te ia placa a alia temperatura, garantizar la mezcla de residuos y ia homogeneizadón de la temperatura.

[0179] These arms (12), which can be interchangeable, allow the volumes treated to be adapted according to the waste and the rotation speeds of the shaft (4).

[0180] Figure 8: The Thermal Core

[0181] The slag that comes out through the window to the periphery of the base plate (14) falls into a chamber (15) where we have paddles connected to the same axis of rotation (4) in order to scoop and discharge (17) the slag resulting from the process to an extraction system with an endless screw (18) driven by a motor and reducer assembly connected to a frequency converter system for speed control.

[0182] The shaft (4) that drives the rotating arms (12) as well as the paddles (15) is connected to a motor and reducer assembly connected to a frequency converter system for speed control.

[0183] The hollow shaft (4) consists of a thick tube made of special stainless steel, equipped at each end with a device (5) at the inlet for the circulation of a cooling fluid and (6) for the outlet.

[0184] The slag receiving chamber (16) is also equipped with a recirculation system connected to the same coolant circuit.

[0185] The hollow shaft (4) is equipped with ceramic insulating coating in the high-temperature section of the volatilization reactor and is supported and guided at each end by bearings that are temperature controlled by the circulation of the coolant fluid with the rotary connections (5 and 6) at each end of the hollow shaft (4). The airtightness between the reactor and the slag receiving chamber, the shaft (4) as well as all the connection elements with the reactor is achieved with special graphite seals (19).

[0186] The high-temperature dissociation gas is immediately extracted (20) and passes at high temperature, often above 450 °C, through a cyclone filter (21) responsible for the extraction of the particles and connected to a high-temperature humextract (22). At the base of the cyclone filter there is an endless screw-type extractor (26) driven by a motor and reducer assembly connected to a frequency pouring system for speed control.

[0187] The scum comes out through the mouth (27 in figure 6)

[0188] The gas extraction is carried out by means of a special turbine the Turbe-extractor (22) which works at a high temperature and creates a "partial vacuum" in the reactor with a pumping speed necessary and sufficient for the operation of the cyclone filter (21).

[0189] At the inlet and outlet of the Turboextractor (22) we have 2 isolation valves (29) connected to a Manifold (figure 8).

[0190] Figures 8 and 9A and 9B: High Temperature Turbo Extractor, Cooling and Progression of Waste

[0191] In figure (8) we have the hollow rotating shaft (4) which at its ends is equipped with rotary connections (5) to ensure the circulation of the cooling fluid.

[0192] The rotating shaft (4) allows the waste to be treated inside the chamber to be pushed into the circular tracks (0,10,11) by means of a set of inclined paddles (12) attached to the shaft and acting in the manner of a “snowplow” machine, pushing the waste towards the inner tracks after performing the “sweep” of each track: what we call a “Push Broom” effect.

[0193] For the extraction of the slag arriving from the chamber in (14), the same shaft drives paddles that push these last residues towards the outlet (17) connected to an extraction device with a screw (17 in figure 6) that come out through the mouth (18 in figure 6)

[0194] The residence time of the gas in the reactor is generally less than 4 seconds, which prevents recombination and carbonization processes, and the low pressure conditions are favorable for cracking and the production of light hydrocarbons.

[0195] The turbo extractor of our own design and preferably of the side channel type (22 figure 8) allows the extraction, but also the pressurization of the gas at high temperature to feed a burner, for example of the SWIRL Hi TAC type, suitable for this process.

[0196] The special turbo extractor figure 9A (22 figure 8) is equipped with a cooling system (fig.9 B) connected to a recirculation system of the cooling and lubricating fluid driven by a pump and connected to a radiator (fig.9 B)

[0197] The turbine as well as the body of the Turboextractor are made with precision casting in an austenitic chromium-nickel-iron alloy (class 25-12) with 0.5% mclybdenum with the particularity that the body has an extension that allows to make a hermetic system with the bearing housings inside a chamber with a circulation of a thermal fluid to ensure cooling and prevent heat transmission to the electric motor.

[0198] Furthermore, the cooling system (23, 24, 25 Figure 6 and Figure 9B) is equipped with a system for monitoring the evolution of the airtightness, which allows for leak prevention and maintenance. Thermal Control

[0199] The entire thermal core: the reactor (7), the cyclone filter (21), the turbo-extractor (22), and the pipes that transport the high-temperature gas are insulated with a ceramic fiber blanket more than 50 mm thick. This reduces heat loss, maintains the external surfaces and structures at acceptable temperatures, and prevents condensate formation. (TAR).

[0200] The special SWIRL Hi TAC burner directly uses high-temperature hot gas, for example, in a boiler for the production of hot water, heat, thermal oil, steam or motive power, or as a double absorption device for the production of cold.

[0201] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HIGH TEMPERATURE DEVQLATIUIZATION WASTEMILL

[0202] Finely shredded or divided waste or waste mixtures are preferably of an average size of 15 mm.

[0203] The waste is introduced by means of a conveyor belt or an endless screw into a rotary distributor designed to minimize the entry of air and oxygen.

[0204] The Air Lock rotary system prevents the entry of air and oxygen, but ensures a uniform load in small quantities, to avoid the accumulation of material and allows continuous processing in the volatilization chamber, making it a particularly safe system.

[0205] The composition of CHORAS and the moisture content of the waste are checked, in particular the ERA ratio (oxygen present + admitted through the supply / oxygen required for the oxidation of the waste) around 0.25, which guarantees a reducing (non-oxidizing) atmosphere and a maximum of energy gas.

[0206] The operating temperature and heat output are determined in relation to the activation energy required for volatilization: from 100 to 500 kitojoules per mole depending on the materials.

[0207] The surface of the base plate heats up to high temperatures and the conditions are such that the finely divided materials that come into contact experience instantaneous volatilization with heating rates of up to more than 300°C per second.

[0208] The rotary system allows for homogenization, but also the spiral progression of the waste until the slag is removed by a screw-type extractor.

[0209] The dissociation gas at high temperature (> 450 °C) is immediately extracted through a cyclonic filter responsible for extracting the particles: an endless thyme-type extractor allows the extraction of the particles collected by the cyclonic filter.

[0210] The special turbo-extractor operates at a minimum temperature of 350°C with sufficient speed and flow to simultaneously create a vacuum in the reactor, with the necessary and sufficient pumping speed to extract the gas as it is produced, ensuring the operation of the cyclone filter while delivering at the outlet a pressure of 76 to 100 mbar necessary to feed the SWIRL HI TAC burner.

[0211] The gas residence time in the reactor is generally less than 4 seconds, which is much shorter than that of gasification and even ultrafast pyrolysis (10 to 60 seconds). This avoids the processes of recombination and the formation of chars (CHAR) from oils and tars (TAR). In most of the treated wastes, the very high gas production efficiencies with minimal solid residue (CHAR) are due to the combination, firstly, of heat transfer to finely divided materials, which are continuously introduced in small quantities to achieve very high heating rates of over 300 degrees Celsius per second, and secondly, the delivery of the activation energy necessary for volatilization.

[0212] Secondly, the immediate extraction of the gases produced makes it possible to avoid recombination, carbonization and the production of heavy hydrocarbons (TAR).

[0213] We can see in the curves below the tremendous influence of residence time on the production of gaseous products, which explains why in our technology, unlike other processes, it is extracted immediately and in a few seconds.

[0214] Figure 10: Production curves for GAS and CHAR

[0215] It can be clearly seen that the volatilization yields are very high at working temperatures around 1,000 e C, but that after less than 100 seconds this drops very quickly to almost half and that at the same time the production of solid waste (CHAR) doubles and in turn the production of heavy hydrocarbons (TAR) doubles.

[0216] Figure 11: Production curves for TAR (Heavy Condensable Hydrocarbons):

[0217] This is one of the main problems with pyrolysis, but not with our technology because we extract the gas permanently and immediately.

[0218] Furthermore, the low pressure conditions in the reactor are favorable for the production of light aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and for heavy product cracking (TAR) even without the addition of catalysts.

[0219] The produced gas is kept at a high temperature throughout the circuit to avoid producing condensate and to direct all gaseous products to the special SWIRL Hi TAC burner for turbulent combustion with already high-temperature air.

[0220] The burner must accept a gas at a temperature that can be higher than 350°C and be able to use other fuels as a complement or substitute.

[0221] The thermo-volatilization device can be shipped in a 20-foot container, occupies less than 60 m2 of floor space with its peripherals, and is designed to be able to directly process quantities of waste of several tons per day depending on the density of the waste.

[0222] The technology is perfectly scalable, allowing for the creation of equipment that can handle much larger quantities.

[0223] Figure 12: View d® a complete system

[0224] The two basic components of the present invention: the WASTEMILL with its TURBOEXTRACTOR

[0225] The WASTEMILL High Temperature Devotetilization device measures 1.5 meters by 1.5 meters and 2 meters in height.

[0226] The process control cabinet takes up little space. A better system than Carbon Neutral.

[0227] Obviously, any system must be characterized in terms of emissions and in the case of our process we have proceeded to analyze its carbon footprint taking into account its own emissions from its implementation and operation and the emissions avoided thanks to the process, using the tools and methods of the EPA (American) and European or French (ADEME).

[0228] We have conducted studies on 5 types of waste and the results are that the process has a performance factor that is between 3 and 5, that is, it produces more energy than it consumes.

[0229] Regarding the carbon balance, the process is better than carbon neutral, avoiding the specific emissions of each waste, but also ensuring that the energy produced does not come from fossil fuels.

[0230] Conclusion: WASTEMiLL's "High Temperature Devolatilization" (DEVOLAT) technology is currently unique in its size and compactness as a human-scale environmental circular economy process for cleanly treating a very wide range of locally produced waste and refuse.

[0231] WASTEMILL technology, as a tool to combat climate change and pollution, allows for local development and provides direct benefits, becoming an engine of local development through the production of non-fossil energy: heat, steam, motive power, and even cold.

[0232] Its wide range of applications extends from communes, isolated communities, refugee camps, islands to industries and supermarkets or being shipped, for example, on board ships.

Claims

CLAIMS 1. WASTEMI LL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide range of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen, or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds. CHARACTERIZED in that said unit includes a thermal core consisting of a reactor, volatilization chamber, spiral collection system, and a turbo extractor specifically designed for its coupling and assembly, allowing the processing, eradication, and clean conversion into a non-explosive combustible gas of domestic, agricultural, industrial, and sludge solid waste. This provides a solution to the constant problem of local, human-scale treatment of garbage and waste, and generates direct local benefits thanks to the energy produced from the gas generated from the waste.

2. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1. CHARACTERIZED in that it allows the treatment of waste and garbage in a sealed system, proving to be better than carbon neutral as an environmentally friendly tool and a tool for combating climate change because it is not polluting as it does not emit leachate, gases or chemical or toxic effluents.

3. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it can process exclusively or in mixture all types of waste containing carbon, by way of example only, without limiting the type of waste: . Household waste. Sludge, resulting from wastewater treatment. Plant and animal waste. Plastics, foams. Tires, rubber. Paper, cardboard, textiles. Hospital waste Medications. ... Even electronic waste 4. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that it delivers a solution to the energy problem by producing heat, steam, motive power and even cold from the treatment of waste, which turns the waste into a permanent source of renewable, non-fossil and non-conventional energy.

5. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devaluing Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that it is fed with shredded or chipped waste and that, through an electric heating system, it can operate continuously 24 hours a day or intermittently according to needs.

6. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide range of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it has equipment that prevents the air intake into the volatilization chamber from the outside, which guarantees the anoxic nature of the technology.

7. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the shredded or chipped waste is introduced by means of a rotary distributor which has the objective of firstly preventing air ingress and ensuring a regular distribution of the waste in small but continuous quantities in the volatilization reaction chamber, which in terms of safety prevents any accumulation of large amounts of materials.

8. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the spiral progression mode of the waste within the volatilization chamber by means of rotating arms and blades can be described as “Push Broom Spiral Volatilization” (PBEV) 9. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that waste is never burned and the volatilization of the waste is carried out in the chamber solely by contact with a surface at a high temperature up to more than 960°C, in negative pressure (pardal vacuum) and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam.

10. WASTEMÍLL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the base plate of the volatilization chamber allows an almost instantaneous thermal transfer to the shredded or veneered waste, which is heated at speeds that can reach more than 300°C per second and thus volatilizes.

11. WASTEMÍLL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the energy input by the electric heating system corresponds, according to the waste, to the activation energy necessary for volatilization: from 200 to more than 500 KJ / m³ depending on the waste, 12. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the energy input for the activation energy is electrical due to its ease of regulation and its thermal efficiency, not limiting the use of other energy sources.

13. WASTEMILL High Temperature Dehydrogenation Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the energy part for the activation energy is electrical by induction at a frequency of 5 to 20 kHz or with a quantity of heating elements determined according to the activation energy required according to the waste to be treated.

14. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the electrical resistors are of the flat coil type on ceramic, can work up to 1,100 °C, with 3.2 KW of power per element and in sufficient quantity to guarantee the working temperatures and the energy necessary for volatilization.

15. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the thermal core consisting of reactor and volatilization chamber will preferably be made in a single block by a special casting process in austenitic stainless steel according to ASTM A447 / A447M for a special austenitic chromium-nickel-iron alloy (class 25-12) with 0.5% molybdenum and for the thermal cores working at higher temperatures it will be a chromium-nickel-iron alloy (25-35) with 0.5% molybdenum and 0.5 to 1.5% niobium or the opposite in a terrific alloy Al SI 446.

16. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the reactor and the volatilization chamber can be made with a stack of thick plates cut with a plasma system or water jet in such a way as to be assembled by means of a central ring perforated to allow the shaft to pass through, which allows the rotation of the progression, transfer and removal equipment of the last wastes, and metal fasteners that pass through the plates and are welded on each side of the stack.

17. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the airtightness between the volatilization and slag collection chambers is ensured by the centering device welded on each side of the block or plate assembly and by the welders of each chamber to its periphery.

18. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the centering device allows the rotation of the shaft that receives the devices that ensure the progression of the waste and then the slag.

19. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the geometry allows the arrangement in petals of alveoli in which the flat electrical resistors can be inserted.

20. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the shaft that allows the rotation of the waste transfer and removal equipment crosses from one side to the other; the thermal core is made up of a thick, hollow tube of special refractory stainless steel connected at each end to a cooling system by circulation of a refrigerant fluid.

21. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the shaft has at each end (inlet and outlet) a rotary sealing system that allows the circulation of the cooling fluid while the shaft is rotating.

22. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the shaft that crosses from one side to the other of the thermal core is equipped with bearing blocks at each end and is driven by a motor and reducer assembly, connected to a frequency converter system for speed control.

23. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the upper part that receives the waste is conical towards the center, so that it prevents a possible accumulation or dispersion of molten or liquid waste from the first stage of volatilization.

24. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the upper plate of the volatilization chamber that receives the waste has concentric channels in the form of circular rings, with a lateral opening every 340 degrees, which allows the transfer of the waste in transformation or transformed from one channel to another and from the outermost channel to the last inner channel.

25. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the volatilization chamber is crossed by the rotating shaft which is equipped with several arms fitted with blades circulating inside the concentric channels with an angle, an incidence and a profile that pushes the waste in transformation or transformed into slag towards one side of the channel, like a "motor grader" to allow the transfer from an outer channel to the innermost channel to the last central channel which has the discharge window for the last waste.

26. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the chosen configuration, in the case of a base plate of 1,000 mm in diameter with 3 concentric channels and collected at 340 degrees, ensures a spiral path of the waste to the surface of the plate of a minimum of 4.6 meters towards the end of the last collected in the central channel and the discharge of the last waste into a slag recovery chamber.

27. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the slag recovery chamber has a cooling system by means of a circulation of a cooling liquid and constitutes a heat exchanger.

28. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the rotating shaft drives paddles in the slag recovery chamber pushing the slag towards an extraction system with an endless screw, driven by a reduction motor, connected to a frequency converter for speed control.

29. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED, in that the slag extraction system has a lid system at its outlet, to prevent any air aspiration in the circuit.

30. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the reaction chamber is kept under vacuum (partial emptying) by means of a special turbine that constitutes the TURBOEXTRACTOR which also ensures sufficient pressurization at its outlet to feed an industrial burner.

31. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the partial vacuum level can be adjusted by controlling the speed of the turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR.

32. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR of the side channel type, has the body and the rotor made by precision casting in a special refractory stainless steel: The specification of the material will be ASTM A447 / A447M for an austenitic chromium-nickel-iron alloy (class 25-12) with 0.5% molybdenum or an AISI 446 alloy that allows working permanently at a temperature around 400°C, a temperature higher than the condensation point of the hydrocarbons produced by the volatilization of the waste.

33. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the refractory steel body of the TURBOEXTRACTOR has an extension that allows the sealing system to be made with the turbine shaft with the bearing housings inside a chamber that allows a circulation of thermal oil for cooling in order to reduce the thermal flow transmitted by conduction and avoid heating the electric motor. 34, WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR is driven by an electric motor connected to a frequency converter for speed control.

35. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide range of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the special turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR ensures a Sufficient suction to create a partial vacuum and immediately extract the gases produced and avoid any pressure in the volatilization chamber.

36. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the special dgl TURBOEXTRACTOR turbine ensures the pressure conditions in the reactor to favor the “cracking” of heavy hydrocarbons into lighter fractions and immediately extract the gases produced and avoid any pressure in the volatilization chamber. 37, WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that between the reactor and the TURBOEXTRACTOR there is a cyclonic filter that works at a high temperature at the outlet of the volatilization chamber with a flow velocity that can be greater than 15 m / s generated by the turbine in order to separate the particulate material aspirated with its gas before reaching the TURBOEXTRACTOR turbine. 38, WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the cyclonic filter discharges the collected particulate matter into an extraction system by means of an endless screw driven by a geared motor assembly connected to a frequency converter for speed control.

39. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the extraction system has a lid system at its outlet to prevent any air aspiration in the circuit.

40. High Temperature Volatilization WASTE MILL Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the waste treatment mode in the volatilization chamber is classified as LPPB-EV 'Low Pressure Push Broom Spiral Volatilization' 41. WASTEMiLL High Temperature Devaluing Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the special turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR allows the immediate extraction of the hot gases produced and limits the residence and transit time in the device to the burner of the gases to much less than 4 seconds in order to avoid chemical reactions and recombinations, carbonization (CHAR) and formation of heavy hydrocarbons (TAR) 42. WASTEMILL High Temperature Volatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the gases are kept at high temperatures above the condensation temperatures of the hydrocarbons produced by the volatilization of the waste.

43. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide range of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to Claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the equivalent ratio of oxygen content “ERA” that enters the volatilization reaction, including the oxygen contained in the waste and that which may enter with the waste, is maintained around 0.25: there is no possible oxidation or combustion, which guarantees a reducing atmosphere that prevents the formation of compounds such as dioxins or furans.

44. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the design allows the treatment of waste with a very high carbon content using a reaction with water called “Water Shift” where the oxygen and hydrogen content of the water supplied or present in waste is also converted into a combustible gas (water gas) by means of an exothermic reaction in favor of the energy balance of the device.

45. WASTEMiLL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 44 CHARACTERIZED in that the treated parts that are exposed to the internal atmosphere of a reactor, made by assembly, receive at the first start-up a thermo-chemical carbonitriding treatment to constitute an internal passivation layer.

46. ​​WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the internal parts of the turbine of the TURBOEXTRACTOR and its body have polished surfaces.

47. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the complete treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the thermal core, with the cyclonic filter and the turbine up to the pipes, has a ceramic insulation blanket of at least 50 mm thick.

48. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the shaft, when rotating the internal mechanisms, has a ceramic thermal protection, particularly in the volatilization chamber.

49. WASTEMILL High Temperature Disposal Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED by using for the cremation of a gas at 350*0 a special SWIRL HI TAC type burner (turbulent combustion with air at high temperature), this burner can be multi-fuel (“dual fuel!”...).

50. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it allows adding a fractional distillation column to the outlet of the cyclone filter for the production of stolet oil and fuels, by means of several “cuts” in the fractionation column and with the TUREOEXTRACTOR placed at the outlet of the column for the extraction of the overhead gas.

51. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any type of combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that the cooling system connected to the equipment it cools uses the circulation of a thermal fluid and acts as a heat exchanger to prevent overheating of moving parts, bearings or accessories; it has a recirculation pump, temperature measurements and a heat sink or energy recovery system.

52. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devotetiation Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the process control is carried out by means of a PLC type system, with graphic visualization on a touch screen, acquisition and recording of the data with a possibility of accessing the data remotely via the internet.

53. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or water vapor, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that it works in a reducing atmosphere, which allows the treatment of electronic waste, the clean destruction of the plastics of electronic boards and boxes; and the recovery of metals without oxidation in the slag at the outlet.

54. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the design of the reactor and its geometry allows the treatment, definitive and safe destruction of medical waste including liquids. 55 WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide spectrum of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen or steam, which prevents the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1 CHARACTERIZED in that the WASTEMILL assembly and its TURBOEXTRACTOR are compact and can be integrated into containers, "skids", or directly on board ships, as an example.

56. WASTEMILL High Temperature Devolatilization Device (DEVOLAT) for the comprehensive treatment of a wide range of waste and garbage at high temperatures, without any combustion and in the absence of air, oxygen, or steam, thus preventing the production of toxic compounds, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED in that said technology is fully relevant to clean production mechanisms and obtaining emission reduction certificates (Carbon Bonds) for the following reasons: . The emission of greenhouse gases for each ton of waste processed <s El desplazamiento de combustibles fósiles en la producción energética a partir del gas producido por la volatilización térmica.

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