Holographic diffuser assembly for an optical apparatus and manufacturing method
The holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly with stacked HOEs and controlled spectral bandwidths addresses inefficiencies in existing diffusers, achieving high-resolution, efficient illumination with minimized color ghosts and crosstalk in optical systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/109910
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing holographic diffusers suffer from issues such as inefficient illumination, excessive over-illumination, and unwanted color crosstalk, leading to reduced efficiency and increased costs in optical systems like HUD and AR applications, due to their broad spectral bands and lack of sharp illumination borders.
A holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly comprising stacked holographic optical elements (HOEs) with controlled spectral bandwidths and specific recording geometries to minimize color crosstalk and enhance illumination uniformity, using index matching materials to reduce parasitic reflections.
The solution provides high-resolution, efficient illumination with minimized color ghosts and crosstalk, enabling sharp illumination borders and improved performance in optical systems by controlling spectral bands and reducing unwanted reflections.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024109910_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HOLOGRAPHIC DIFFUSER ASSEMBLY FOR AN OPTICAL APPARATUS AND MANUFACTURING METHODTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to optical devices in general. More specifically, the present invention relates to a holographic optical diffuser assembly and an optical apparatus including such a holographic optical diffuser assembly. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing such a holographic optical diffuser assembly.BACKGROUND
[0002] In optics, holographic diffusers are used, for instance, for controlling the size and the shape of an illuminated area and for increasing the illumination uniformity from picture generation units, PGUs, and light sources such as LEDs, filament lamps, arc lamps, and the like. Standard ground glass and opal glass will produce diffuse illumination, but the diffuse light area often may exceed the requirements of the optical system. In comparison with holographic diffusers this over-illumination, associated with traditional diffusers, reduces efficiency and can often lead to added costs by requiring higher power illumination sources, lenses, and possibly filters.
[0003] Holographic diffusers are employed, for instance, in heads-up display, HUD, systems, where the transmission-type holographic diffuser serves as an exit pupil expander and fills in the desired HUD system eyebox with light from a PGU. In Augmented Reality, AR, applications, a holographic diffuser may be used with a PGU diffuser located prior to the magnifying optics. In an optical projection display system a holographic diffuser may be used as an optical combiner.
[0004] Especially for HUD systems a uniform illumination of the eyebox having clear illumination borders is a key feature that defines both the quality of user experience and the power consumption of the projection system by matching the etendue of the eyebox and thus minimizing the light flux losses generated by illumination of undesired areas. This feature together with the quality of the diffuser structure defines the maximum number of pixels possible and, consequently, the ability of supporting a full HD experience. For the currently available surface relief diffusors the edges of the diffusor angular distribution are wide leading to the absence of sharp borders of the illuminated area when used. Additionally, surface relief diffusers may exhibit undesirably large or small sizes of the structure features leading to low resolution or unwanted scattering and fragile surface relief structure, correspondingly. These drawbacks might lead to a number of complications in the system assembly and performance, that is highly desirable to avoid.SUMMARY
[0005] It is an object of the invention to provide a holographic optical diffuser assembly and an optical apparatus including such a holographic optical diffuser assembly. Moreover, it is an object of the invention to provide a method of providing, i.e. manufacturing such a holographic optical diffuser assembly.
[0006] The foregoing and other objects are achieved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further implementation forms are apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the figures.
[0007] According to a first aspect a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly is provided for diffusing electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light. The holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect comprises a first holographic optical element, HOE, with a first hologram for directing electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light. Moreover, the holographic optical diffuser assembly according to the first aspect comprises a second holographic optical element, HOE, with a second hologram for diffusing the electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light, directed in the direction of the second HOE by the first HOE. The first HOE and the second HOE are arranged in a stacked arrangement, wherein the first hologram of the first HOE is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a 1d (e.g. a point source) or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave and wherein the second hologram of the second HOE is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave. In an implementation form, the master diffuser source may comprise a master high-resolution diffuser of any type and / or a master microlens array for recording the second hologram in the form of a holographic diffuser or holographic microlens array diffuser. The holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect allows providing a high resolution. Additionally, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect allows providing off-axis optical schemes of its implementation in the optical system.
[0008] In a further possible implementation form, the spectral bandwidth of the first HOE is substantially smaller, i.e. narrower than the spectral bandwidth of the second HOE such that the spectral bandwidth of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly is defined substantially by the spectral bandwidth of the first HOE. Thus, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect allows controlling the spectral band of a transmission diffuser and thus providing an opportunity to controllably address a particular selected color component of a light source or a PGU. This is in contrast with a standard transmission diffuser with broad spectral band leading to an unwanted color crosstalk and visible color ghost images in the system.
[0009] In a further possible implementation form, the first HOE comprises a holographic lens, a holographic grating and / or a holographic diffuser.
[0010] In a further possible implementation form, the second HOE comprises a holographic diffuser.
[0011] In a further possible implementation form, the first reference wave used for recording the first hologram of the first HOE has a directionality opposite to a directionality of the second reference wave used for recording the second hologram of the second HOE.
[0012] In a further possible implementation form, the first reference wave is a plane wave and the second reference wave is a plane wave. In a further possible implementation form, the inclination angle of the first reference wave is substantially the same as the inclination angle of the second reference wave. Thus, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect allows recording the first HOE and the second HOE using the same optical wavelength.
[0013] In a further possible implementation form, the holographic optical diffuser assembly further comprises an index matching material layer arranged in the stacked arrangement between the first HOE and the second HOE. This allows the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect to minimize or avoid parasite reflection that may occur due to an air gap between the first HOE and the second HOE in case of absence of index matching material between them.
[0014] According to a second aspect an optical apparatus is provided, wherein the optical apparatus comprises one or more holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to the first aspect and one or more picture generation units, PGUs, configured to direct electromagnetic radiation in particular visible light, representing one or more pictures onto the one or more holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to the first aspect. The optical apparatus according to the second aspect allows addressing multi-color applications including RGB applications by means of addressing each color component with a corresponding holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect. Additionally, the optical apparatus according to the second aspect allows to address stereoscopic 3D imaging by means of color multiplexing and or spatial multiplexing of the PGUs providing two images, one per human eye.
[0015] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies of the optical apparatus according to the second aspect include a first and a second holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly, wherein the first and second holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly are arranged in a stacked arrangement and wherein the spectral bandwidth of the first holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly differs from the spectral bandwidth of the second holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly.
[0016] In a further possible implementation form, the optical apparatus according to the second aspect further comprises an index matching material layer arranged in the stacked arrangement between the first and the second holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly.
[0017] In a further possible implementation form, the location of the 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation for generating the first hologram of the first HOE of the first holographic optical diffuser assembly and a location of the 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation for generating the first hologram of the first HOE of the second holographic optical diffuser assembly are different.
[0018] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies further include a third holographic optical diffuser assembly arranged in a stacked arrangement with the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly, wherein the first holographic optical diffuser assembly has a red spectral bandwidth, the second holographic optical diffuser assembly has a green spectral bandwidth, and the third holographic optical diffuser assembly has a blue spectral bandwidth.
[0019] In a further possible implementation form, in the stacked arrangement of the first holographic optical diffuser assembly having the red spectral bandwidth, the second holographic optical diffuser assembly having the green spectral bandwidth, and the third holographic optical diffuser assembly having the blue spectral bandwidth, the first holographic optical diffuser assembly having the red spectral bandwidth is configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from a PGU of the one or more PGUs and the third holographic optical diffuser assembly having the blue spectral bandwidth is arranged between the first holographic optical diffuser assembly having the red spectral bandwidth and the second holographic optical diffuser assembly having the green spectral bandwidth. This allows the optical apparatus according to the second aspect to avoid or at least mitigate color crosstalk generated by color components being diffused by non-corresponding diffuser and, thus, to avoid or at least mitigate color ghost images in the optical system.
[0020] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies further include a fourth holographic optical diffuser assembly, a fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly and a sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly arranged in a stacked arrangement with the fourth and fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly, wherein the fourth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a red spectral bandwidth different than the first holographic optical diffuser assembly, the fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a green spectral bandwidth different than the second holographic optical diffuser assembly, and the sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a blue spectral bandwidth different than the sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly, wherein the first, second and third holographic optical diffuser assembly and the fourth, fifth and sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly are arranged in an image plane of a multi-color PGU of the one or more PGUs, wherein the multi-color PGU has six different colors, i.e. emits electromagnetic radiation representing one or more images in six different spectral bands for supporting color multiplexing of PGU projection towards two distinguished viewer eyeboxes enabling stereoscopic imaging in a display.
[0021] In a further possible implementation form, the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly are arranged in an image plane of a first single-color PGU of the one or more PGUs and an image plane of a second single-color PGU of the one or more PGUs for supporting spatial multiplexing of PGU projections towards viewer eyebox in a projection display.
[0022] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies include at least a first and a second holographic optical diffuser assembly and the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly are arranged in an image plane of a first RGB PGU of the one or more PGUs and an image plane of a second RGB PGU of the one or more PGUs for supporting directional diffusion of PGU projections towards several distinguished viewer eyeboxes enabling stereoscopic imaging in a display.
[0023] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies are arranged in an image plane of the one or more PGUs and the optical apparatus further comprises an optical magnification assembly configured to direct the electromagnetic radiation diffused by the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies onto a display, i.e. an optical combiner.
[0024] In a further possible implementation form, the display is a head-up display, HUD, a passenger display, a table-top display or a smart-home display.
[0025] In a further possible implementation form, the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies of the optical apparatus according to the second aspect are arranged in an image plane of the one or more PGUs and define a viewing-through optical element of a display, i.e. the last optical element of the system before the viewer eyes and the closest optical element of the display system to the viewer eyes.
[0026] According to a third aspect a method for providing, e.g. manufacturing a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly for diffusing electromagnetic radiation is provided. The method according to the third aspect comprises:
[0027] generating a first holographic optical element, HOE, with a first hologram by recording the first hologram as interference of a wave generated by of a 1d (e.g. a point source) or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave;
[0028] generating a second holographic optical element, HOE, with a second hologram by recoding the second hologram as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave; and
[0029] arranging the first HOE and the second HOE in a stacked arrangement such that the first HOE is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light, onto the second HOE and the second HOE is configured to diffuse the electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light, directed in the direction of the second HOE by the first HOE.
[0030] As will be appreciated, the method according to the third aspect allows providing a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect. Thus, further implementation forms and embodiments of the method according to the third aspect result from the implementation forms and embodiments of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to the first aspect described before and in the following.
[0031] Details of one or more embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the following description. Other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description, drawings, and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0032] In the following embodiments of the invention are described in more detail with reference to the attached figures and drawings, in which:
[0033] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly for diffusing electromagnetic radiation according to an embodiment;
[0034] Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram illustrating three holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment having a green, red and blue spectral bandwidth, respectively;
[0035] Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to an embodiment, including a RGB PGU and a RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of the three holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies of figure 2a;
[0036] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a PGU, a RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment, magnifying optics and an optical combiner;
[0037] Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a PGU and a RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment;
[0038] Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a red PGU, a blue PGU, a green PGU and a RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment;
[0039] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a red PGU, a blue PGU, a green PGU, a RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment and a display;
[0040] Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a first RGB PGU, a second RGB PGU, a first RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment and a second RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment;
[0041] Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus according to a further embodiment, including a six-color RGB PGU, a first RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment and a second RGB diffuser defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment; and
[0042] Fig. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating steps of a method for providing, e.g. manufacturing a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to an embodiment.
[0043] In the following identical reference signs refer to identical or at least functionally equivalent features.
[0044] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0045] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the invention or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present invention may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the invention may be used in other aspects and comprise structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
[0046] For instance, it is to be understood that a disclosure in connection with a described method may also hold true for a corresponding device or system configured to perform the method and vice versa. For example, if one or a plurality of specific method steps are described, a corresponding device may include one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, to perform the described one or plurality of method steps (e.g. one unit performing the one or plurality of steps, or a plurality of units each performing one or more of the plurality of steps) , even if such one or more units are not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. On the other hand, for example, if a specific apparatus is described based on one or a plurality of units, e.g. functional units, a corresponding method may include one step to perform the functionality of the one or plurality of units (e.g. one step performing the functionality of the one or plurality of units, or a plurality of steps each performing the functionality of one or more of the plurality of units) , even if such one or plurality of steps are not explicitly described or illustrated in the figures. Further, it is understood that the features of the various exemplary embodiments and / or aspects described herein may be combined with each other, unless specifically noted otherwise.
[0047] Before describing detailed embodiments in the following, some technical background as well as terminology will be introduced making use of one or more of the following acronyms: Augmented Reality AR Artificial Intelligence AI Head-Up Display HUD Holographic Optical Element HOE Holographic Volume Grating HVG Red, Green, Blue RGB Picture Generation Unit PGU Light Emitting Diode LED Full Width Half Maximum FWHM Field Of View FOV Liquid Crystal on Silicon LCOS 2K 2000 Full High Definition Full HD Spatial Light Modulator SLM
[0048] As used herein, a 2K LCOS is a LCOS with 2K resolution.
[0049] As used herein, a 2-HOE stack is a physical stack of 2 plane or curved layers, each of them is an HOE, and any number of substrates layers, including anti-reflection coatings layers, placed between or on one of the sides of any of these 2 HOE layers.
[0050] As used herein, a single-color diffuser is a diffuser that is designed to diffuse in particular diffusion angles cone only for the light of one of RGB PGU color components, i.e. only red or only green or only blue light. In a perfect case scenario, the other color components, that are different from the single color operated by diffuser, are not affected when transmitted through it.
[0051] As used herein, an eyebox of a projection display system is an area where the user should position his / her eyes to see the projected image that can be virtual image as in AR applications.
[0052] As used herein, color ghosts are undesired copies of the main image in a projection-based display system that may be seen in the eyebox and exhibit spatial and angular shift with respect to the main RGB image and consist of a spectral combination in which some color components are missing i.e. color ghosts of a full-color RGB image can be only red or only green.
[0053] As used herein, 0-th order ghosts are undesired copies of the main image in a projection-based display system that might be seen in the eyebox and exhibit spatial and angular shift with respect to the main RGB image and consist of the same color components. 0th-order ghosts appear in the optical system when an HOE or any other diffractive optical element is used and a diffraction order different from 0th order corresponds to the main image creation path.
[0054] As used herein, color crosstalk is a usually undesired property of HOEs that manifest itself in the fact that besides the desired spectral region, i.e. band that HOE addresses, it also addresses other spectral regions, i.e. bands that may lead to color ghosts in the AR display systems based on HOE.
[0055] As used herein, etendue is a geometric property of light that quantifies the throughput capability of an optical system.
[0056] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a for diffusing electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light. As will be described in more detail in the following, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a comprises a first holographic optical element, HOE, 11a (referred to as Holographic Volume Grating, HVG, HVG#1 in figure 1) including a first hologram for directing electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light. Moreover, the holographic optical diffuser assembly 10a comprises a second HOE 12a (referred to as HVG#2 in figure 1) including a second hologram for diffusing the electromagnetic radiation, in particular visible light, directed in the direction of the second HOE 12a by the first HOE 11a. As illustrated in figure 1, the first HOE 11a and the second HOE 12a are arranged in a stacked arrangement, e.g. the planar first HOE 11a is arranged in parallel to the planar second HOE 12a with the distance d between the first HOE 11a and the second HOE 12a being preferably as small as possible. In an embodiment, the holographic optical diffuser assembly 10a further comprises an index matching material layer arranged in the stacked arrangement between the first HOE layer 11a and the second HOE layer 12a. As will be described in more detail in the following, the first hologram of the first HOE 11a is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a 1d (e.g. a point source) or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave and the second hologram of the second HOE 12a is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave. In an embodiment, the master diffuser source may comprise a master high-resolution diffuser of any type and or a master microlens array for recording the second hologram of the second HOE 12a in the form of a holographic diffuser or holographic microlens array diffuser.
[0057] As will be described in more detail further below, in an embodiment, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a may serve in a HUD system as an exit-pupil expander and fill in the desired HUD system eyebox with light from a PGU. In a further embodiment, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a may be used in optical projection displays systems including the PGU diffuser location prior to the magnifying optics as well as the diffuser taking the function of an optical combiner in AR applications.
[0058] In an embodiment, the spectral bandwidth of the first HOE 11a is smaller than the spectral bandwidth of the second HOE 12a such that the spectral bandwidth of the holographic optical diffuser assembly 10a is substantially defined by the spectral bandwidth of the first HOE 11a. Thus, according to embodiments disclosed herein, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a may address particular spectral bands corresponding to one LD or narrow-band LED, while ignoring other spectral areas so that the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a may exhibit a desired high efficiency in a specified spectral band with a width of, for instance, 20nm to 30nm.
[0059] As will be appreciated, reflection diffusers exhibit stronger color selective behavior, while transmission diffusers have broad spectral bands. The broad spectral bands of transmission diffusers often lead to a crosstalk between the RGB PGU components that drops the image quality of the system by generating multiple separated or partially overlapping eye-boxes, each corresponding to one of three color components of a projector: red, blue or green. Such a behavior also can be referred to as an appearance of color ghosts in the optical display system. Embodiments disclosed herein allows removing or at least mitigating color ghosts, i.e. color crosstalk in an optical system by means of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a.
[0060] As already described above, in an embodiment the first hologram of the first HOE 11a is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a 1d (e.g. a point source) or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave and the second hologram of the second HOE 12a is based on, i.e. has been recorded as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave. Thus, in an embodiment, the first hologram of the first HOE 11a and the second hologram of the second HOE 12a are recorded by means of the same laser and with different recording geometries. As will be appreciated, the point source angle and location may correspond to the position of the PGU relative to the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a in the optical system, e.g. HUD system, where the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a is used, so that the 0th order is avoided in the eyebox. The master diffuser angle and position may be defined by the desired eyebox size, FOV and the requirement to avoid the 0th order in the eyebox.
[0061] The reference wave angle may be chosen to define the spectral bandwidth of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a in the following way. Making the reference wave angle larger, may lead to a narrower spectral bandwidth of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a. In an embodiment, for a specific recording geometry and setup, a reference wave angle in the range from -60 to -30 deg may result in no ghosts in the eyebox.
[0062] In an embodiment, the first reference wave for recoding the first hologram of the first HOE 11a and / or the second reference wave for recording the second hologram of the second HOE 12a may be a plane wave. The 1d point source (or alternatively the 2d source) may be created by means of a focal point of a high-NA lens or by any other optical means. The interference of the first reference wave and the 1d point source is recorded in the volume of the holographic material of the first HOE 11a, i.e. HVG#1. The interference of the second reference wave and the light diffused in transmission or reflection from the master diffuser source is recorded in the volume of the holographic material of the second HOE12a, i.e. HVG#2. In an embodiment, the holographic material may be a polymeric material.
[0063] In the embodiment shown in figure 1, in the stacked arrangement of the first HOE 11a may be an off-axis holographic lens, while the second HOE 12a may be an off-axis holographic diffuser. As will be appreciate, a single-color diffuser stack of two HOEs 11a, 12a, has particular relation between the recording angles of these two HOEs 11a, 12a in order to control the spectral bandwidth. As indicated in figure 1, light of a particular wavelength and incidence angle (solid line) is changing the propagation direction due to the interaction with the first HOE, i.e. HVG#1 11a and the second HOE, HVG#2 12a and is also diffused by the second HOE, i.e. HVG#2 12a. Light of other wavelengths (dash and dash-dot lines) is transmitted through the 2-HOE diffuser assembly without perturbations. The required spectral and angular selectivity is defined by the recording geometry of the first HOE, i.e. HVG#1 11a and the second HOE, i.e. HVG#2 12a, as already described above.
[0064] In an embodiment, the second HOE 12a, i.e. HVG#2 has a wide spectral band and correspondingly low spectral selectivity. Such low spectral selectivity may lead to strong unwanted crosstalk issues when used in RGB illumination. To increase the spectral selectivity of the second HOE 12a, i.e. HVG#2, the first HOE 11a, i.e. HVG#1 by means of its recording angles ensure high spectral selectivity, while allowing high diffraction efficiency even when operated in a stack.
[0065] In an embodiment, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a for a green color component may exhibit a diffraction efficiency, by means of the two combined HOEs 11a, 12a, i.e. HVG#1 and HVG#2, of more than 80%and a spectral bandwidth of about 30 nm. Transmission of incident blue and red color components, through the two combined HOEs 11a, 12a, i.e. HVG#1 and HVG#2 recorded for a green color component, may reach an efficiency above 80%for blue and above 90%for red color components. Transmission of blue and red color components (priorly diffracted on corresponding blue and red–recorded 2-HOE stack) may reach an efficiency above 80%for blue and an efficiency above 90%for red color components.
[0066] In an embodiment, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a for a red color component may exhibit a diffraction efficiency, by means of the two combined HOEs 11a, 12a, i.e. HVG#1 and HVG#2, of more than 80%and a spectral bandwidth of about 25nm. Transmission of blue and green color components (priorly diffracted on corresponding blue and green–recorded 2-HOE stacks) reaches an efficiency above 90%for blue and an efficiency above 60%for green color components. In order to avoid the relatively low transmission of the diffracted green component, the green 2-HOE stack of RGB diffuser may be arranged as the last one (the third) added along the PGU light propagation direction.
[0067] In an embodiment, the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a for a blue color component may exhibit a diffraction efficiency, by means of the two combined HOEs 11a, 12a, i.e. HVG#1 and HVG#2, of about 80%and a spectral bandwidth of about 15nm. The transmission of red and green color components (priorly diffracted on corresponding blue and green–recorded 2-HOE stacks) , through two combined HOEs 11a, 12a, i.e. HVG#1 and HVG#2 recorded for blue component, reaches an efficiency above 90%for blue and an efficiency above 80%for green color components. The high transmission of the diffracted red component may be used in the stacked arrangement in a way such that the Red 2-HOE stack of RGB diffuser to be the first one added along PGU light propagation direction; and the Blue 2-HOE stack of RGB diffuser to be the second one added along PGU light propagation direction.
[0068] As already described above, according to embodiments disclosed herein several instances of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a illustrated in figure 1 may be combined in stacked arrangement and employed in an optical apparatus. For instance, three holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies addressing particular spectral bands may be arranged together in a particular order to serve as a multicolor diffuser i.e. RGB holographic diffuser with eliminated color ghosts as color crosstalk is minimized. Figure 2a is a schematic diagram illustrating three holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c according to an embodiment having a green (G) , red (R) and blue (B) spectral bandwidth, respectively, thus providing a RGB holographic diffuser 10a-c, i.e. stack of a red, green and blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c according to an embodiment.
[0069] Figure 2b is a schematic diagram illustrating the RGB diffuser 10a-c of figure 2a as an optical element of an optical apparatus 100 further including a RGB PGU 20a. In the embodiment shown in figure 2b, the red holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a is the first one arranged along the PGU light propagation direction, while the blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10b is arranged between the red holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a and the green holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10c. In an embodiment, the spaces between the assemblies 10a-c may be filled with index matching materials with thermal and mechanical properties according to the application requirements.
[0070] Figure 3 is schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus 100 according to an embodiment, including a PGU 20a, the RGB diffuser 10a-c, i.e. the stack of a red, green and blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c of figure 2b, magnifying optics 30 and an optical combiner 40. In an embodiment, the optical apparatus 100 of figure 3 may be an AR HUD system, wherein the optical combiner 40 is an automotive windshield 40. In the embodiment of figure 3 the RGB diffuser 10a-c, i.e. the stack of a red, green and blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c of figure 2b is placed in the position of the image plane of the PGU 20a, prior to the magnifying optics 30 of the display system 40. As will be appreciated and as indicated in figure 3, 0-th order ghosts may be avoided by means of the 2-HOE recording geometry, already described above, and the positioning of the RGB diffuser 10a-c in the HUD system 100. The color crosstalk between the single 2-HOE diffusers and the RGB stack of 2-HOE diffusers may be minimized by control over the spectral bandwidth of the first and second HOE 11a-c, 12a-c of the respective holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c, as already described above. Thus, color ghosts in the viewer eyebox may be reduced. The HOE-based diffuser 10a-c has high resolution
[0071] Figure 4 shows an optical apparatus 100 according to a further embodiment, including a PGU 20a and a RGB diffuser 10a-c defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c according to an embodiment, such as the stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c illustrated in figures 2a and 2b. In the embodiment of figure 1 the RGB diffuser 10a-c is arranged in the image plane of the PGU 2oa and defines the viewing-through optical element of the display (on which the projected image is seen) , i.e. the last element of the optical apparatus 100 before the viewer eyes and the closest optical element of the display system to the viewer eyes. The well-tuned color selectivity of the RGB diffuser 10a-c allows to implement a diffuser in a viewing window without compromising its transparency for viewing real scenes thus allowing AR display application scenarios.
[0072] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus 100 according to a further embodiment, including a red PGU 20a, a blue PGU 20b, a green PGU 20c and a RGB diffuser 10a-c defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c according to an embodiment, such as the stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c illustrated in figures 2a and 2b. In the embodiment of figure 5 the PGUs 20a-c with different colors are located in different points in space and the image planes of these PGUs 20a-c coincide in one particular plane in space and the RGB diffuser 10a-c is arranged in this image plane. The RGB diffuser 10a-c, e.g. the stack of a red, green and blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c of figure 2b may be followed up by a magnifying optics prior to the viewers eyebox. Each PGU 20a-c may project in single color. As will be appreciated, each of the 2-HOE diffusers in the stack 10a-c addresses the color component of one of the PGUs 20a-c. In a further embodiment, the PGUs 20a-c may have the same colors.
[0073] In the embodiment of figure 5, the red, green and blue holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a-c have been recorded with spatially-separated point sources and thus address the PGUs 20a-c placed in different positions in space. As already mentioned above, each of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c in the stack of the RGB diffuser addresses, i.e. corresponds to a color component of one of the PGUs 20a-c. The stack of 2-HOE diffusers redistributes the light from the PGUs 20a-c in the particular direction (same for all PGUs 20a-c; as indicated by the solid, dash and dash-dot lines in figure 5) towards the viewer eyebox and create a display image in this way. As will be appreciated, the color and angular selective 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c with controlled selectivity allows to create optical schemes with spatial multiplexing of the images coming from different PGUs 20a-c.
[0074] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variant of the optical apparatus 100 of figure 5 for back illumination of a Spatial Light Modulator, SLM, 50. In the embodiment of figure 6, LD or LED light sources 20a-c (instead of the PGUs of the embodiment of figure 5) are located in different positions in space and illuminate the 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c. The stack of 2-HOE diffusers 10a-c, each addressing one of the light sources, is located after the light sources 20a-c and ensures uniform illumination of the selected area located after the 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c. As already described for the embodiment of figure 5, the RGB stack of 2-HOE diffusers 10a-c is addressing each single-color light source 20a-c by corresponding single-color 2-HOE diffuser 10a-c, that is recorded accordingly to the position of its single-color light source, that differs from one light source to another. The light sources 20a-c may include LEDs or LDs followed by a mixing rod. Solid, dash and dash-dot lines illustrate to R, G and B colors of the corresponding light sources. As will be appreciated, the color and angular selective 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c with controlled selectivity allows to create optical schemes with spatial multiplexing of the illumination coming from different light sources in order to achieve an uniform multicolor illumination of desired area, where, for instance, a SLM 50 may be placed. Moreover, in comparison with an optical system employing PGUs space may be saved. Thus, the embodiment shown in figure 6 allows to create a multicolor PGU system beyond standard colormaps by combining more than 3 colors in a limited volume. Moreover, light source energy may be saved by exact confinement of the light on the illumination area with sharp borders.
[0075] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an optical apparatus 100 according to a further embodiment, including a first RGB PGU 20a, a second RGB PGU 20b, a first RGB diffuser 10a-c defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies 10a-c according to an embodiment and a second RGB diffuser 10a’-c’ defined by a stacked arrangement of three RGB holographic optical transmissive diffuser assemblies according to an embodiment. The stacked arrangement of the first RGB diffuser 10a-c and the second RGB diffuser 10a’-c’ allows addressing several RGB PGUs 20a, b located in different position in space and projecting different images to several different eyeboxes enabling stereoscopic imaging projection display. The first and second RGB PGU 20a, b may have the same R, G and B color components, or may have different color components simultaneously or separately, i.e. R1≠R2, G1≠G2, B1≠B2 or, for example, R1= R2, G1≠G2, B1≠B2. The first RGB PGU 20a projects the image for the eyebox1, that could be an eyebox for a right eye of a viewer, while the second RGB PGU 20b projects an image for the eyebox2, that could be an eyebox for a left eye of a viewer. The first RGB diffuser 10a-c and the second RGB diffuser 10a’-c’ are arranged in the joint image plane of the first RGB PGU 20a and the second RGB PGU 20b. As already mentioned, the first RGB diffuser 10a-c and the second RGB diffuser 10a’-c’ are arranged in a stacked arrangement so as to address the two RGB PGUs 20a, b in the way that the projection image from the first RGB PGU 20a is redirected and diffused to the eyebox1, and the projection image from the second RGB PGU 20b is redirected and diffused to the eyebox2. Thus, there are two RGB diffusers 10a-c and 10a’-c’ in the stack, each addressing one of the RGB PGUs 20a, b and ignoring light form the other RGB PGU. As already described above, each RGB diffuser 10a-c, 10a’-c’ may consist of three 2-HOE diffusers addressing R, G and B color components of the corresponding PGU 20a, b. As will be appreciated, by having separate PGUs 20a, b delivering light by means of two different RGB diffusers 10a-c, 10a’-c’ towards two eyeboxes a stereoscopic view is enabled.
[0076] For the embodiment shown in figure 7, the color and angular selective 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c, 10a’-c’ with controlled selectivity allows to create optical schemes with spatial multiplexing of the illumination coming from different PGUs 20a, b and to redirect the corresponding images to desired eyeboxes. Moreover, the embodiment of figure 7 allows to create multiple projections distributed to multiple eyeboxes with reduced spatial crosstalk and enabling stereoscopic perceptions. Furthermore, light source energy may be saved by exact confinement of the light on the eyebox area with sharp borders.
[0077] A variant of the embodiment of figure 7 is shown in figure 8, wherein in the embodiment of figure 8 the two RGB PGUs 20a, b are replaced by a single PGU 20a having, for instance, six color components. The six color components of the PGU 20a of the embodiment of figure 8 are R1, G1, B1 and R2, G2, B2. The R1, G1, B1 color components are used to project an image seen in the eyebox1, while the R2, G2, B2 color components are used to project another image seen in the eyebox2, thus enabling stereoscopic image projection display. As in the previous embodiment of figure 8, the first RGB diffuser 10a-c and the second RGB diffuser 10a’-c’ are arranged in a stacked arrangement and located in the image plane of the PGU 20a. Each RGB diffuser 10a-c, 10a’-c’ addresses one of two PGU image colormaps: R1 G1 B1 or R2 G2 B2. As already described above, each RGB diffuser 10a-c, 10a’-c’ consists of three 2-HOE diffusers addressing a single color component of the corresponding PGU image colormaps R1 G1 B1 or R2 G2 B2. The two RGB diffusers 10a-c, a’-c’ are functioning in the way that the projection image in the R1 G1 B1 colormap is redirected and diffused to the eyebox1, while the projection image in the R2 G2 B2 colormap is redirected and diffused to the eyebox2 (the solid and dashed lines in figure 8 correspond to the R1 G1 B1 and R2 G2 B2 color components, respectively) . Thus, by having two images created by R1 G1 B1 and R2 G2 B2 colors correspondingly, light is delivered by means of the two different RGB diffusers 10a-c, 10a’-c’ towards two eyeboxes, in order to enable stereoscopic view.
[0078] For the embodiment shown in figure 8, the color and angular selective 2-HOE diffuser stack 10a-c, 10a’-c’ with controlled selectivity allows to create optical schemes with spatial multiplexing of the illumination coming from a single PGU 20a and to redirect the corresponding images to desired eyeboxes. Moreover, the embodiment of figure 8 allows to create multiple projections distributed to multiple eyeboxes with reduced spatial crosstalk and enabling stereoscopic perceptions. Furthermore, light source energy may be saved by exact confinement of the light on the eyebox area with sharp borders.
[0079] Figure 9 is a flow diagram illustrating steps of a method 900 for providing, e.g. manufacturing a holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly according to an embodiment, such as the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a illustrated in figure 1. The method 900 comprises a step 901 of generating a first holographic optical element, HOE, 11a with a first hologram by recording the first hologram as interference of a wave generated by a 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave. Moreover, the method 900 comprises a step 903 of generating a second holographic optical element, HOE, 12a with a second hologram by recoding the second hologram as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave. The method 900 further comprises a step 905 of arranging the first HOE 11a and the second HOE 12a in a stacked arrangement such that the first HOE 11a is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation towards the second HOE 12a and the second HOE 12a is configured to diffuse the electromagnetic radiation directed towards the second HOE 12a by the first HOE 11a. As will be appreciated, further features of the method 900 result directly from the structure and functionality of the holographic optical transmissive diffuser assembly 10a as well as the different embodiments thereof described above and below.
[0080] The person skilled in the art will understand that the "blocks" ( "units" ) of the various figures (method and apparatus) represent or describe functionalities of embodiments of the present disclosure (rather than necessarily individual "units" in hardware or software) and thus describe equally functions or features of apparatus embodiments as well as method embodiments (unit = step) .
[0081] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described embodiment of an apparatus is merely exemplary. For example, the unit division is merely a logical function division and may be another division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed.
[0082] In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented by using some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic, mechanical, or other forms.
[0083] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments.
[0084] In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the disclosure may be integrated into one processing unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
Claims
1.A holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) , comprising:a first holographic optical element, HOE, (11a-c) with a first hologram for directing electromagnetic radiation; anda second holographic optical element, HOE, (12a-c) with a second hologram for diffusing the electromagnetic radiation directed towards the second HOE (12a-c) by the first HOE (11a-c) ;wherein the first HOE (11a-c) and the second HOE (12a-c) are arranged in a stacked arrangement and wherein the first hologram of the first HOE (11a-c) is based on an interference of a wave generated by a 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave and wherein the second hologram of the second HOE (12a-c) is based on an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave.2.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of claim 1, wherein a spectral bandwidth of the first HOE (11a-c) is smaller than a spectral bandwidth of the second HOE (12a-c) such that a spectral bandwidth of the holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) is defined by the spectral bandwidth of the first HOE (11a-c) .3.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first HOE (11a-c) comprises a holographic lens, a holographic grating and / or a holographic diffuser.4.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second HOE (12a-c) comprises a holographic diffuser.5.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first reference wave has a directionality opposite to a directionality of the second reference wave.6.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of claim 5, wherein the first reference wave and the second reference wave are a plane wave.7.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of claim 6, wherein an inclination angle of the first reference wave is substantially the same as an inclination angle of the second reference wave.8.The holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) further comprises an index matching material layer arranged in the stacked arrangement between the first HOE (11a-c) and the second HOE (12a-c) .9.An optical apparatus (100) , comprising one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) according to the preceding claims and one or more picture generation units, PGUs, (110) configured to direct electromagnetic radiation representing one or more pictures onto the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) .10.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 9, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) include a first and a second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) , wherein the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) are arranged in a stacked arrangement and wherein the spectral bandwidth of the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) differs from the spectral bandwidth of the second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10b) .11.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 10, wherein the optical apparatus (100) further comprises an index matching material layer arranged in the stacked arrangement between the first and the second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) .12.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 10 or 11, wherein a location of the 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation for generating the first hologram of the first HOE (11a) of the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) and a location of the 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation for generating the first hologram of the first HOE (11b) of the second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10b) are different.13.The optical apparatus (100) of any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) further include a third holographic optical diffuser assembly (10c) arranged in a stacked arrangement with the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) , wherein the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) has a red spectral bandwidth, the second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10b) has a green spectral bandwidth, and the third holographic optical diffuser assembly (10c) has a blue spectral bandwidth.14.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 13, wherein in the stacked arrangement the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) having the red spectral bandwidth is configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from a PGU (110) of the one or more PGUs and wherein the third holographic optical diffuser assembly (10c) having the blue spectral bandwidth is arranged between the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) having the red spectral bandwidth and the second holographic optical diffuser assembly having the green spectral bandwidth (10b) .15.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 13 or 14, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) further include a fourth holographic optical diffuser assembly, a fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly and a sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly arranged in a stacked arrangement with the fourth and fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly, wherein the fourth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a red spectral bandwidth different than the first holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) , the fifth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a green spectral bandwidth different than the second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10b) , and the sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly has a blue spectral bandwidth different than the third holographic optical diffuser assembly (10c) , wherein the first, second and third holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a-c) and the fourth, fifth and sixth holographic optical diffuser assembly (10d-f) are arranged in an image plane of a multi-color PGU (110) of the one or more PGUs, wherein the multi-color PGU emits electromagnetic radiation representing one or more images in six different spectral bands.16.The optical apparatus (100) of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) are arranged in an image plane of a first single-color PGU (110a) of the one or more PGUs and in an image plane of a second single-color PGU (110b) of the one or more PGUs.17.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 9, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) include at least a first and a second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) and wherein the first and second holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a, b) are arranged in an image plane of a first RGB PGU of the one or more PGUs and in an image plane of a second RGB PGU of the one or more PGUs.18.The optical apparatus (100) of any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) are arranged in an image plane of the one or more PGUs and wherein the optical apparatus (100) further comprises an optical magnification assembly configured to direct the electromagnetic radiation diffused by the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) onto a display (40) .19.The optical apparatus (100) of claim 18, wherein the display (40) is a HUD, a passenger display, a table-top display, or a smart-home display.20.The optical apparatus (100) of any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the one or more holographic optical diffuser assemblies (10a-c) are arranged in an image plane of the one or more PGUs (110) and define a viewing-through optical element of a display.21.A method (900) for providing a holographic optical diffuser assembly (10a) , wherein the method (900) comprises:generating (901) a first holographic optical element, HOE, (11a) with a first hologram by recording the first hologram as interference of a wave generated by a 1d or 2d source of electromagnetic radiation with a first reference wave;generating (903) a second holographic optical element, HOE, (12a) with a second hologram by recoding the second hologram as an interference of a wave generated by a master diffuser source with a second reference wave; andarranging (905) the first HOE (11a) and the second HOE (12a) in a stacked arrangement such that the first HOE (11a) is configured to direct electromagnetic radiation towards the second HOE (12a) and the second HOE (12a) is configured to diffuse the electromagnetic radiation directed towards the second HOE (12a) by the first HOE (11a) .
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