Pesticidal compounds and their use

Abstract

Provided herein are compositions comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components and methods for controlling a plant pest using said compositions. Further provided herein are compositions comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from beta-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarin; and methods for controlling a plant pest using said compositions.

Description

PESTICIDAL COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USERELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application, U.S.S.N. 63 / 681,078, filed August 8, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present disclosure relates to agriculture and plant protection. More specifically, the disclosure relates to compositions and delivery systems for pesticides.REFERENCE TO AN ELECTRONIC SEQUENCE LISTING

[0003] The content of the electronic sequence listing (G083070048WO00-SEQ-AZW.xml; Size: 17,212 bytes; and Date of Creation: August 8, 2025) is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.BACKGROUND

[0004] Plant crops are a target of pathogen (e.g., fungi, bacteria, insects) attacks around the world. Globally, farmers lose 30 to 40 percent of their crops due to pests and diseases, according to the UN Food and Agricultural Organization. Crop maintenance and crop health are essential for yield and quality of produce, which ultimately require long-term strategies for the minimization of pest and disease occurrence. The annual costs of controlling crop pathogenic pests (e.g., Lepidoptera, Diplera. Coleoptera, Hemiplera. and others) are estimated to be in the tens of millions of dollars, with projected annual costs of crop loss reaching billions of dollars if left uncontrolled.

[0005] While chemical pesticides represent one approach for eradicating pest infestations, alternative, more environmentally safe, solutions are needed. Chemical pesticides are harmful to the environment and may lack specificity or selectivity which ultimately results in off-target effects. Additionally, given the slow metabolism of chemical pesticides and the likelihood of chemical pesticides to accumulate, resistance is likely to occur. Thus, there has been a long-felt need for more environmentally friendly composition and methods (including through a reduction in the amount of chemical pesticide necessary for efficacy) for controlling or eradicating pest infestations and disease (e.g., that are more selective, environmentally safe, biodegradable, and / or able to slow acquisition of resistance by pests).14282356vl 1 / 164SUMMARY

[0006] The inventors of the present disclosure have identified that compositions comprising a pesticide and a biological adjuvant (e.g., yeast particles comprising cell wall components, or one or more polysaccahrides), function, in some embodiments, to enhance (increase) the efficacy of the pesticide (e.g., by increasing the ability of the pesticide to control a plant pest, such as as insect). The efficacy of a pesticide is enhanced by the biological adjuvant if a lower amount or concentration of the pesticide is required to control the plant pest (e.g., insect) in the presence of the biological adjuvant (relative to the amount or concentration of the pesticide required to control the plant pest in the absence of the biological adjuvant), or if the same amount of pesticide provides greater control (e.g., increased mortality) when applied in connection with the biological adjuvant. In other words, the presence (or addition) of the biological adjuvant to a composition comprising the pesticide allows for a lower effective amount of the pesticide to be necessary to provide beneficial protection of plants, e.g., that are infested by plant pests or allows for greater protection of the plants when applied with the biological adjuvant. By allowing users to reduce the rate of a given biopesticide or chemical pesticide sprayed onto a crop, while maintaining the high efficacy of the pesticide against plant pests, these inventions result in more environmentally friendly compositions with reduced costs. Use of yeast particles according to the claimed methods further allows for improved efficacy of biopesticides expressed by genetically modified crops against both susceptible and resistant insect populations, which could extend the effectiveness of these traited crops in the marketplace. The inventors have found that such effective compositions may comprise a biological adjuvant, wherein the biological adjuvant is yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, or one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans (beta-glucans), mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin. In some embodiments, yeast particles do not include yeast extract. In some embodiments, yeast particles do not consist of yeast extract. In some embodiments, a composition does not include a fertilizer or nitrogen source.

[0007] Some aspects of the disclosure provide a composition comprising yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, one or more surfactants, one or more emulsifiers, one or more antifoam agents, one or more preservatives, one or more rheology agents, and optionally one or more diluents.

[0008] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are bead milled yeast cell wall particles. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprises 10-50% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 25.2% of the total weight of the composition.14282356vl 2 / 164

[0009] In some embodiments, the one or more surfactants comprise a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, the methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester comprises 1-20% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 9.5% of the total weight of the composition.

[0010] In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifiers comprise castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 calcium and / or alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, the castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 comprises 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.3% of the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the alkylbenzene sulfonate comprises 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.34% of the total weight of the composition.

[0011] In some embodiments, the one or more antifoam agents comprise polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, the polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion comprises 0.01-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.13% of the total weight of the composition.

[0012] In some embodiments, the one or more preservatives comprise 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; a glycol based benzisothiazolinone; and / or 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane- 1,3 diol. In some embodiments, the 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 1.11% of the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.37% of the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the benzisothiazolinone comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.12% of the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the 2- bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.1% of the total weight of the composition.

[0013] In some embodiments, the one or more rheology agents comprise xanthan gum. In some embodiments, the xanthan gum comprises 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.05% of the total weight of the composition.

[0014] In some embodiments, the one or more diluents comprise water. In some embodiments, the water comprises 50-75% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 63.9% of the total weight of the composition.

[0015] In some embodiments, at least 50%, at least 60%, or at least 75% of the yeast particles in the composition are less than about 5 pm in diameter.

[0016] In some embodiments,(a) the yeast particles comprises 5-50% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 10.5% or 25.2% of the total weight of the composition;14282356vl 3 / 164(b) a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester comprises 1-20% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 9.5% of the total weight of the composition;(c) castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 comprises 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.3% of the total weight of the composition;(d) alkylbenzene sulfonate comprises 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.34% of the total weight of the composition;(e) polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion comprises 0.01-2% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.13% of the total weight of the composition;(f) 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 1.11% of the total weight of the composition;(g) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.37% of the total weight of the composition;(h) benzisothiazolinone comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.12% of the total weight of the composition;(i) 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol comprises 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.1% of the total weight of the composition;(j) xanthan gum comprises 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 0.05% of the total weight of the composition; and(k) water comprises 50-75% of the total weight of the composition, optionally about 63.9% of the total weight of the composition.

[0017] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pesticide, optionally wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, pesticidal polynucleotide, or pesticidal protein.

[0018] Some aspects of the disclosure provide a method for controlling a plant pest, the method comprising delivering any one of the compositions provided herein and a pesticide to a plant, soil, plant pest, or a diet of a plant pest.

[0019] Some aspects of the disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, the method comprising delivering any one of the compositions provided herein and a pesticide to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect.

[0020] Some aspects of the disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, nematode, or arachnid, the method comprising delivering any one of the compositions provided herein and a pesticide to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect.

[0021] In some embodiments, the pesticide is chemical pesticide, pesticidal polynucleotide, or pesticidal protein.14282356vl 4 / 164

[0022] In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise fragmented yeast cell walls and the pesticide is not encapsulated in the yeast particles.

[0023] In some embodiments, the plant is selected from Coffea plants, Rutacea plants (including, but not limited to, citrus plants), Rosaceae plants (including, but not limited to, pomme plants, such as apple and pear), stone fruit (including, but not limited to, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pluots, cherries, mangos, dates, blackberries, raspberries, and coconuts), tropical fruit (including, but not limited to, Anacardiaceae plants (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae plants (papaya), Passifloraceae plants (passion fruit), Lauraceae plants (avocado), Malphigiaceae plants (Acerola), Musaceae plants (banana) and Sapindaceae plants (rambutan, lychee, longan)), Vitaceae plants, leafy vegetables, and fruiting vegetables. In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Coffea family, optionally a species of coffee, including, but not limited to, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea eugenioides, and hybrids. In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Rutacea family, optionally a citrus plant (including but not limited to orange, lemon, grapefruit, lime, calamansi, kumquat, and mandarin), white sapote, orangeberry, limeberry, bael, or curry tree. In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Rosaceae family, optionally a pomme plant such as apple or pear. In some embodiments, the plant is a stone fruit, optionally a peach, nectarine, apricot, plum, pluot, cherry, mango, date, blackberry, raspberry, or coconut. In some embodiments, the plant is a tropical fruit, optionally an Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae (papaya), Passifloraceae (passion fruit), Lauraceae (avocado), Malphigiaceae (Acerola), Musaceae (banana), Sapindaceae (rambutan, lychee, longan), or Vitaceae plant. In some embodiments, the plant is a leafy vegetable. In some embodiments, the plant is a fruiting vegetable.

[0024] In some embodiments, the insect is in the family Lyonetiidae, optionally wherein the insect is Leucoptera coffeella (coffee leaf miner). In some embodiments, the insect is in the family Crambidae, optionally wherein the insect is Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer). In some embodiments, the pest is Ecdytolopha aurantiana (citrus fruit borer). In some embodiments, the insect is in the family Drosophilidae, optionally Drosophila suzukii (Spotted wing drosophila). In some embodiments, the insect is Diaphorina citri (Asian citryus psyllid), in the family Pseuodococcidae, optionally Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug), in the order Hemipteran, optionally Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper), in the family Gracillariidae, optionally, Phyllocnistis cirella (citrus leafminer). In some embodiments, the arachnid is in the14282356vl 5 / 164family Tetranychidae optionally Tetranichus utricae (two-spotted spider mite) or Panonychus citri (citrus red mite).

[0025] In some embodiments, the pest is soybean looper, optionally wherein the pesticide is spinosad or broflanilide. In some embodiments, the pest is codling moth, optionally wherein the pesticide is chloraniliprole, indoxacarb, or spinosad. In some embodiments, the pest is peach twig borer, optionally wherein the pesticide is cyantraniliprole and / or abamectin.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The foregoing and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more fully understood from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] FIG. 1 graphically depicts the mortality of freshly hatched 1stinstar larvae of diamondback moths (DBM) (Plutella xylostolld) after 5, 7, and 10 days of infestation on Chinese cabbage leaf discs treated with naked dsRNA or complex core A (CCA) encapsulated dsRNA. GS134: control, non-insecticidal dsRNA. GS329: insecticidal dsRNA. Naked dsRNA was used at a concentration of 2.5 g / L, and CCA encapsulated dsRNA was used at a concentration of 0.5 g / L.

[0028] FIG. 2 graphically depicts mortality of freshly hatched 1stinstar larvae of diamondback moths (DBM) after 5, 7, and 10 days of infestation on Chinese cabbage leaf discs treated with a combination of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) product and 0.5 g / L of either naked dsRNA or CCA encapsulated dsRNA. GS134: control, non-insecticidal dsRNA. GS329: insecticidal dsRNA. Bt product alone (compound only) was used as a control.

[0029] FIG. 3 graphically depicts mortality of freshly hatched 1stinstar larvae of diamondback moths (DBM) after 5, 7, and 10 days of infestation on Chinese cabbage leaf discs treated with a combination of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) product and empty yeast particles (YPs) at various concentrations.

[0030] FIG. 4 graphically depicts mortality of freshly hatched 1stinstar larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) after 5, 7, and 10 days of infestation on soybean leaf discs treated with a combination of commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) product and empty yeast particles (YPs) at various concentrations.

[0031] FIG. 5 graphically depicts a dose response curve of Bt (control) and Bt+YP indicating predicted mortality of Plutella xlylostella after 5, 7, and 11 days.

[0032] FIG. 6 graphically depicts a rating scale score (measure of insect mortality) of 1st instar larvae of fall army worm (FAW) that are susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein after 12 days of infestation on a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis14282356vl 6 / 164(Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (traited plant) and a standard com plant (non-traited plant) treated with yeast particles.

[0033] FIG. 7 graphically depicts an insect count per plant (measure of insect mortality) of 1stinstar larvae of fall army worm (FAW) that are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein after 14 days of infestation on a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (traited plant) and a standard corn plant (non-traited plant) treated with yeast particles. Yeast particles were sprayed onto the com plants either once or twice.

[0034] FIG. 8 graphically depicts an insect count per plant (measure of insect mortality) of 1stinstar larvae of fall army worm (FAW) that are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein after 14 days of infestation on a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (traited plant) and a standard corn plant (non-traited plant) treated with yeast particles either with or without Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole). Yeast particles were sprayed onto the corn plants either once or twice.

[0035] FIG. 9 graphically depicts a defoliation rating score following infestation of a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (traited plant) with 1stinstar larvae of fall army worm (FAW) that are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein and treatment with Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole). The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results at low concentration of Coragen®.

[0036] FIG. 10 graphically depicts average defoliation percent (left) and average insect count per cage (measure of insect mortality; right) following infestation of soybeans with soybean looper insects and treatment with Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole). The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of Coragen® without yeast particles.

[0037] FIG. 11 graphically depicts average defoliation percent (left) and average insect count per cage (measure of insect mortality; right) following infestation of soybeans with soybean looper insects and treatment with Rimon (novaluron). The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of Rimon without yeast particles.

[0038] FIG. 12 graphically depicts average defoliation percent (left) and average insect count per cage (measure of insect mortality; right) following infestation of soybeans with soybean looper insects and treatment with Entrust (spinosad). The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of Entrust without yeast particles.14282356vl 7 / 164

[0039] FIGs. 13A-13B graphically depict percent plant damage following infestation of cabbage plants with diamondback moth insects and treatment with diflub enzur on. The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of diflubenzuron without yeast particles.

[0040] FIG. 14A-14B graphically depicts percent plant damage following infestation of cauliflower plants with diamondback moth insects and treatment with cypermethrin. The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of cypermethrin without yeast particles.

[0041] FIG. 15 graphically depicts percent plant damage following infestation of cauliflower plants with diamondback moth insects and treatment with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microorganism. The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of Bt microorganism without yeast particles.

[0042] FIG. 16 graphically depicts percent plant damage following infestation of soybean plants with diamondback moth insects and treatment with Acetamiprid. The addition of yeast particles in the delivered composition provided superior results relative to the same concentration of Acetamiprid without yeast particles.

[0043] FIG. 17 graphically depicts percent mortality following infestation of cabbage plants with diamondback moth insects and treatment with compositions comprising a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) microorganism to assess the ability of polysaccharides and yeast particles to enhance the efficacy of a biopesticide.

[0044] FIG. 18 graphically depicts the ability of compositions comprising yeast particles encapsulating a pesticidal polynucleotide and a biopesticide to control plant pests.

[0045] FIG. 19 graphically depicts the ability of compositions comprising yeast particles encapsulating a pesticidal polynucleotide to control plant pests.

[0046] FIGs. 20-23 provide data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides.

[0047] FIGs. 24A-24B provide data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Euschistus Heros. FIG. 24A shows percent control results against nymphs. FIG. 24B shows percent control results against adults.

[0048] FIG. 25 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Frankliniella schultzei.

[0049] FIGs. 26A-26C provide data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Drosophila suzukii . The average number of maggots observed per 20 blackberries is shown in FIG. 26A (Spinosad test), FIG. 26B (spinetoram test), or FIG. 26C (Malathion test).14282356vl 8 / 164

[0050] FIG. 27 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Drosophila suzukii.

[0051] FIG. 28 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Leptoglossus zonatus.

[0052] FIG. 29 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Bermisia tabaci.

[0053] FIG. 30 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of pesticides against Spodoptera Littoralis.

[0054] FIG. 31 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate, Chlorfenapyr, Spinetoram, and Indoxacarb against Tuta absoluta.

[0055] FIG. 32 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve control of Cry IF resistant Spodoptera frugiperda by CryF Corn.

[0056] FIG. 33 provides data demonstrating the ability of yeast particles to improve efficacy of acramite (bifenazate) against Tetranychus urticae.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, and systems for controlling infestations of plants by plant pests. Compositions of the present disclosure comprising a mixture of pesticides (e.g., biopesticides, pesticidal polynucleotides, chemical pesticides) with biological adjuvants (e.g., yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarin) showed increased efficacy against plant pests (e.g., insect pests, fungal pests) relative to the pesticide alone.

[0058] In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, wherein the pesticide is a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide. And in other aspects the present disclosure provides a method of applying yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to a traited crop genetically modified to express one or more pesticidal proteins, resulting in improved efficiency of the pesticidal proteins against a plant pest.

[0059] Other aspects of the present disclosure provide compositions comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, and wherein the pesticide is a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5), an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4), a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3), an14282356vl 9 / 164acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitor (IRAC Class 1), a GABA-gated chloride channel blocker (IRAC Class 2), a glutamic-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 6), a juvenile hormone receptor modulator (IRAC Class 7), a miscellaneous non-specific (multisite) inhibitor (IRAC Class 8), a chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator (IRAC Class 9), a mite growth inhibitor affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 10), an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase (IRAC Class 12), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient (IRAC Class 13), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) channel blocker (IRAC Class 14), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (IRAC Class 16), a molting disruptor dipteran (IRAC Class 17), an ecdysone receptor agonist (IRAC Class 18), and octopamine receptor agonist (IRAC Class 19), a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QO site (IRAC Class 20, a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 21), a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker (IRAC Class 22), an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (IRAC Class 23), a mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 24), a mitochondrial transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 25), a chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitor (IRAC Class 29), a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 30), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NACHR) allosteric modulator - site II (IRAC Class 32), a calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulator (IRAC Class 33), a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QI site (IRAC Class 34), or a chordotonal organ modulator - undefined target site (IRAC Class 36). In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of chlorantraniliprole, novaluron, spinosad, acetamiprid, cypermethrin, diflubenzuron, and bifenthrin.

[0060] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are selected from the group consisting of yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs), yeast cell particles (YCPs), yeast glucan particles (GPs or YGPs), yeast glucan mannan particle (GMP or YGMP), yeast glucan chitin particle (GCP or YGCP), yeast glucan chitin mannan particles (GCMP or YGCMP), yeast glucan lipid particles (GLPs or YGLPs), whole glucan particles (WGPs), and combinations thereof.

[0061] In some embodiments, the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance the ability of the pesticide to control a plant pest (e.g., insect) by at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% relative to a control composition that does not include the yeast particles.

[0062] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are commercially available yeast particles. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-glucans and / or mannanoligosaccharides. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3 / 1,6 glucans, optionally wherein the P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P- 1,3 / 1, 6 glucans are branched. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise intact yeast cell14282356vl 10 / 164walls or fragmented yeast cell walls. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-1, 6- glucans, P-1, 3 -glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, mannoproteins, chitin, and / or lipids. In some embodiments, the lipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), and / or cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG).

[0063] In some embodiments, the yeast particles do not include yeast extract. In some embodiments, the yeast particles do not consist of yeast extract.

[0064] In some embodiments, the pesticide is not encapsulated in the yeast particles. In some embodiments, the pesticide is encapsulated in the yeast particles.

[0065] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a composition comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin, wherein the pesticide is a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide.

[0066] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a composition comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin, wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, and wherein the pesticide is a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5), an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4), a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3), an acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitor (IRAC Class 1), a GABA-gated chloride channel blocker (IRAC Class 2), a glutamic-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 6), a juvenile hormone receptor modulator (IRAC Class 7), a miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitor (IRAC Class 8), a chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator (IRAC Class 9), a mite growth inhibitor affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 10), an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase (IRAC Class 12), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient (IRAC Class 13), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) channel blocker (IRAC Class 14), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (IRAC Class 16), a molting disruptor dipteran (IRAC Class 17), an ecdysone receptor agonist (IRAC Class 18), and octopamine receptor agonist (IRAC Class 19), a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QO site (IRAC Class 20, a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 21), a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker (IRAC Class 22), an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (IRAC Class 23), a mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 24), a mitochondrial transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 25), a chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitor (IRAC Class 29), a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 30), a nicotinic14282356vl 11 / 164acetylcholine receptor (NACHR) allosteric modulator - site II (IRAC Class 32), a calcium- activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulator (IRAC Class 33), a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QI site (IRAC Class 34), or a chordotonal organ modulator - undefined target site (IRAC Class 36). In some embodiments, the chemical pesticide is selected from the group consisting of chlorantraniliprole, novaluron, spinosad, acetamiprid, cypermethrin, diflubenzuron, and bifenthrin.

[0067] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides enhance efficacy of the pesticide, optionally wherein the one or more polysaccharides enhance the ability of the pesticide to control a plant pest by at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% relative to a control composition that does not include the one or more polysaccharides.

[0068] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-l,6-glucans, P-l,3-glucans, P-1,3 / 1,6 glucans, and / or mannan-oligosaccharides, optionally wherein the P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3 / 1,6 glucans are branched. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides are derived from a yeast cell wall. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-glucans derived from a yeast cell wall, optionally P-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides are derived from sources other than yeast, optionally wherein the source other than yeast is a bacteria, fungi, algae, lichen, or plant. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-l,3-glucans derived from an algae, optionally P-l,3-glucans derived from Euglena gracilis.

[0069] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a biopesticide. In some embodiments, the biopesticide is a microorganism. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a naturally occurring microorganism or an engineered microorganism.

[0070] In some embodiments, the microorganism produces one or more proteins that control a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is a fungus or an insect. In some embodiments, the plant pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins produced by the microorganism are activated in an insect gut. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins produced by the naturally occurring microorganism are selected from the group consisting of crystal proteins, vegetative insecticidal proteins, and toxin complex proteins. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins produced by the naturally occurring microorganism are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal proteins. In some embodiments, the microorganism is a Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism. In some embodiments, the biopesticide comprises a commercially available biopesticide, wherein the biopesticide controls a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is a fungus or an insect.14282356vl 12 / 164

[0071] In some embodiments, the biopesticide comprises an isolated cellular component derived from a microorganism, optionally wherein the microorganism is a naturally occurring microorganism or an engineered microorganism. In some embodiments, the isolated cellular component comprises one or more proteins or polynucleotides that control a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is a fungus or an insect. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins or polynucleotides are activated in an insect gut. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins are selected from the group consisting of a crystal protein and a vegetative insecticidal proteins. In some embodiments, the biopesticide comprises a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein, optionally wherein the Bt protein is a Bt crystal protein, further optionally wherein the Bt protein is derived from a microorganism.

[0072] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a pesticidal polynucleotide. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a biopesticide and a pesticidal polynucleotide. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a chemical pesticide and a pesticidal polynucleotide.

[0073] In some embodiments, a composition comprises a pesticidal polynucleotide.

[0074] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide inhibits expression of a target gene in a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In some embodiments, the composition comprises yeast particles and wherein the pesticidal polynucleotide is encapsulated within the yeast particles.

[0075] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a cationic polymer and / or a nuclease inhibitor, and wherein the pesticidal polynucleotide is encapsulated within the yeast particles. In some embodiments, the encapsulation efficiency is greater than about 80% or greater than 90%.

[0076] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a biopesticide, optionally wherein the biopesticide comprises a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein, optionally wherein the Bt protein is a Bt crystal protein.

[0077] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises a first strand that is identical or complementary to a region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded by the one or more target genes. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a dsRNA comprising a second strand that is complementary to the first strand. In some embodiments, the target gene comprises one or more genes selected from the group consisting of proteasome beta 5 (PSMB5) gene, vacuolar ATPase-E (vATPase-E) gene, calmodulin gene, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene, a soluble NSF attachment (a-SNAP) gene, Ras opposite (ROP) gene, proteasome alpha Type-2 (PTSA2) gene, secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1 (SARI) gene, PBAN, ATPase, wings14282356vl 13 / 164up A (wupA), CP4S3 DROME, and C12C1 DR0ME. In some embodiments, the target gene is PSMB5 or IAP.

[0078] In some embodiments, the target gene has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises at least 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to or comprise at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100% identity to a segment of the target gene. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises at least 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to or comprise at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100% identity to a segment of a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-13.

[0079] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises at least 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 nucleotides.

[0080] In some embodiments, the pesticide comprises at least 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, or 1000 amino acids.

[0081] In some embodiments, the ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28) comprises a diamide selected from the group consisting of chlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, broflanilide, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, or flubendiamide.

[0082] In some embodiments, the inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15) comprises a benzoylurea selected from the group consisting of bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.

[0083] In some embodiments, the nACHR allosteric modulator- site 1 (IRAC Class 5) is a spinosyn, optionally wherein the spinosyn is spinetoram or spinosad.

[0084] In some embodiments, the nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4) is a neonicotinoid, optionally wherein the neonicotinoid is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam.

[0085] In some embodiments, the sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3) is a pyrethroid or a pyrethrin, optionally where the pyrethroid or pyrethrin is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, P-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, P-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans- isomers], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, kadethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), halfenprox,14282356vl 14 / 164phenothrin [(IR)-trans- isomer], prallethrin, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, and permethrin.

[0086] In some embodiments, the composition controls or is intended to control a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is a fungus or an insect. In some embodiments, the plant pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the plant pest is resistant to the pesticide.

[0087] In some embodiments, the plant pest is a pest belonging to the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiplera. Diptera, Thysanoptera, or Acari. In some embodiments, the plant pest is a Nematoda. In some embodiments, the plant pest is resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) or a Bt protein. In some embodiments, the plant pest is an insect pest. In some embodiments, the plant pest is an Acariformes (e.g., including disease-transmitting chigger mites) or Parasitiformes (e.g., including ticks and other mites).

[0088] In some embodiments, the plant pest belonging to the order Lepidoptera is a species from a family selected from the group consisting of Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies), Danaidae (milkweed butterflies), Pieridae (whites and sulfurs) Papilionidae (swallowtails), Lycaenidae (blues, coppers, and hairstreaks), Hesperiidae (skippers), Tineidae (clothes moths), Sesiidae (clearwing moths), Pyralidae (snout moths), Lasiocampidae (lappet moths), Saturniidae (giant silk moths), Sphingidae (hawk moths), Arctiidae (tiger moths), Lymantriidae (tussock moths), Noctuidae (loopers, owlet moths, and underwings), and Plutellidae (diamond back moths).

[0089] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Plutella spp., optionally wherein the Plutella spp. insect is Plutella xylostella.

[0090] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera frugiperda.

[0091] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Chrysodeixis spp., optionally where in the Chrysodeixis spp. insect is Chyrysodeixis includens (soybean looper).

[0092] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm).

[0093] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm)

[0094] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Plutella spp., optionally wherein the Plutella spp. insect is Plutella xylostella.

[0095] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera frugiperda.

[0096] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Chrysodeixis spp., optionally where in the Chrysodeixis spp. insect is Chyrysodeixis includens (soybean looper).14282356vl 15 / 164

[0097] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa zea (tomato fruitworm).

[0098] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Cydia spp., optionally where in the Cydia spp. insect is Cydia pomonella (codling moth).

[0099] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Trichoplusia spp., optionally where in the Trichoplusia spp. insect is Trichoplusia ni (Cabbage looper).[000100] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm.[000101] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm).[000102] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera litoralis (tomato moth).[000103] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Pieris spp., optionally where in the Pieris spp. insect is Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm).[000104] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Tuta spp., optionally where in the Tuta spp. insect is Tuta absoluta (tomato leafminer).[000105] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm). [000106] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Chrysodeixis spp., optionally where in the Chrysodeixis spp. insect is Chyrysodeixis acuta (tomato semi-looper).[000107] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Paramyelois spp., optionally where in the Paramyelois spp. insect is Paramyelois transitella (navel orange worm).[000108] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Lobesia spp., optionally where in the Lobesia spp. insect is Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth).[000109] In some embodiments, the insect belongs to the order Coleoplera. and wherein Coleopteran insect is a species selected from the group consisting of Leptinotarsa spp., Phyllotreta spp., Cerotoma spp., Diabrotica spp., Tribolium spp., Anthonomus spp. and Alticini spp.[000110] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Phyllotreta spp., optionally where in the Phylotreta spp. insect is Phylotreta cruciferae (canola flea beetle).[000111] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Phyllotreta spp., optionally where in the Phylotreta spp. insect is Phylotreta striolata (striped flea beetle).[000112] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Psylliodes spp., optionally where in the Psylliodes spp. insect is Psylliodes chrysocephala (cabbage stem flea beetle).14282356vl 16 / 164[000113] In some embodiments, the Coleopteran insect species is Leptinotarsa spp., optionally wherein the Leptinotarsa spp. insect is Colorado potato beetle.[000114] In some embodiments, the insect pest is of the order Thysanoptera. In some embodiments the insect of the order Thrsanoptera is a species in the family Thripidae, optionally wherein the insect in the family Thirpidae is western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalism, onion thirps (Thrips tabaci), chilli thirps Scirtothrips), or citrus thrips (Scirtothrips citri). In some embodiments the insect of the order Thrsanoptera is a species in the family Phlaeothripidae, optionally wherein the insect in the family Phlaeothripidae is Cuban Laurel Thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum).[000115] In some embodiments, a Nematoda species is Caenorhabditis elegans, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema riobrave, or Globodera rostochiensis.[000116] In some embodiments, a Nematoda belongs to Aphelenchoides (foliar nematodes), Ditylenchus, Globodera (potato cyst nematodes), Heterodera (soybean cyst nematodes), Longidorus, Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes), Nacobbus, Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes), Trichodorus, or Xiphinema (dagger nematodes).[000117] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of cationic lipids, cationic polymers, non-cationic polymers, organic carriers, nuclease inhibitors, surfactants, antifoam agents, and biocides.[000118] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a cationic polymer and a nuclease inhibitor.[000119] In some embodiments, the cationic polymer is a polyethyleneimine (PEI), a poly- L-lysine (PLL), cationic gelatin, cationic chitosan, cationic cellulose, cationic dextran, a Poly(2- N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate), or a Poly(amidoamine).[000120] In some embodiments, the nuclease inhibitor is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), diethyl pyrocarbonate, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), formamide, macaloid, proteinase K, heparin, hydroxylamine-oxygen-cupric ion, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, dithioerythritol, or tris (2- carboxyethyl) phosphene hydrochloride.[000121] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises one or more of an acidifying agent, buffering agent, antifoam agent, anti-transpirant, a biocide preservative, dye and brightener, compatibility agent, crop oil concentrate, surfactant, deposition agent, drift reduction agent, feeding stimulant, spreader, extender, adhesive agent, suspension agent, gelling14282356vl 17 / 164agent, synergist, wetting agent, emulsifier, dispersing agent, penetrant, neutralizer, water absorbant, and / or water softener.[000122] In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a spray, solution, emulsifiable concentrate, solid, suspension, colloid, micelle, or emulsion, soluble liquid concentrate, wettable powder, water dispersible granule, emulsion, aerosol, homogeneous mixture, or heterogenous mixture.[000123] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a composition comprising:(i) one or more Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins, and (ii) yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components.[000124] In some embodiments, the composition causes mortality in at least about 10% more insect pests infesting a plant relative to the one or more Bt protein alone.[000125] In some embodiments, the concentration of the yeast particles or the one or more polysaccharides is: about 2 g / L to about 15 g / L, about 5 g / L to about 12 g / L, or about 10 g / L; or about 2% w:w to about 15% w:w, about 5% w:w, about 12% w:w, or about 10% w:w.[000126] In some embodiments, less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the pesticide is encapsulated within the yeast particles or the one or more polysaccharides. In some embodiments, 1-25% or 1-10% of the pesticide is encapsulated within the yeast particles or the one or more polysaccharides.[000127] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a kit comprising any one of the compositions described herein, optionally wherein the kit further comprises instructions for use. [000128] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling a plant pest, the method comprising delivering any one of the compositions described herein to a plant, soil, plant pest, or a diet of a plant pest.[000129] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, the method comprising delivering any one of the compositions described herein to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect.[000130] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by a Lepidopteran insect, the method comprising delivering comprising any one of the compositions described herein to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect. Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, the method comprising delivering a composition to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect, wherein the composition comprises a pesticidal polynucleotide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, optionally wherein the insect is a. Lepidopteran insect.14282356vl 18 / 164[000131] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is encapsulated in yeast cell wall particles.[000132] In some embodiments, the plant is a transgenic plant engineered to express a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide. In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is engineered to express a biopesticide, wherein the biopesticide comprises one or more Bt proteins.[000133] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling a plant pest, the method comprising delivering yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to a transgenic plant engineered to express a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide.[000134] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are selected from the group consisting of yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs), yeast cell particles (YCPs), yeast glucan particles (GPs or YGPs), yeast glucan mannan particle (GMP or YGMP), yeast glucan chitin particle (GCP or YGCP), yeast glucan chitin mannan particles (GCMP or YGCMP), yeast glucan lipid particles (GLPs or YGLPs), whole glucan particles (WGPs), and combinations thereof.[000135] In some embodiments, the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance the ability of the pesticide to control a plant pest by at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% relative to a control composition that does not include the yeast particles.[000136] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are commercially available yeast particles. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-glucans and / or mannanoligosaccharides. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 glucans, optionally wherein the P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P- 1,3-1, 6 glucans are branched. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise intact yeast cell walls or fragmented yeast cell walls. In some embodiments, the fragmented yeast cell walls have been fragmented through a bead milling process. In some embodiments, the yeast particles comprise P-1,6- glucans, P-l,3-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, mannoproteins, chitin, and / or lipids, optionally wherein the lipids are phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), and / or cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). In some embodiments the yeast particles do not encapsulate the active ingredient.[000137] In some embodiments, the yeast particles do not include yeast extract. In some embodiments, the yeast particles do not consist of yeast extract.[000138] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are in a composition further comprising one or more of an acidifying agent, buffering agent, antifoam agent, anti-transpirant, a biocide preservative, dye and brightener, compatibility agent, crop oil concentrate, surfactant, deposition14282356vl 19 / 164agent, drift reduction agent, feeding stimulant, spreader, extender, adhesive agent, suspension agent, gelling agent, synergist, wetting agent, emulsifier, dispersing agent, penetrant, neutralizer, water absorbant, water softener, and / or rheology agent. In some embodiments, the yeast particles are in a composition further comprising one or more of a surfactant, an antifoam agent, and a preservative. In some embodiments, the yeast particles are in a composition further comprising one or more of a surfactant, an emulsifier, an antifoam, a preservative, and a rheology agent. [000139] In some embodiments, a composition comprises or consists of yeast cell wall particles (e.g., bead milled yeast cell wall particles), one or more surfactants (e.g., a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester), one or more emulsifiers (e.g., castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 calcium, alkylbenzene sulfonate), one or more antifoam agents (e.g., poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion), one or more preservatives (e.g., 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; a glycol based benzisothiazolinone; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane- 1,3 diol), one or more rheology agents (e.g, xanthan gum), and / or one or more diluents (e.g, water).[000140] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls), optionally bead milled yeast cell wall particles, and are in a composition further comprising a methyl oleate / linoleate mythyl ester (e.g., Steposol® ME) (surfactant), castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 (e.g., Toximul® 8242) (emulsifier), calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate (e.g., Ninate® 60E) (emulsifier), poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion (e.g., SAG™ 1572) (antifoam agent), 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (e.g., Acticide® SPX) (preservative), a glycol based benzisothiazolinone (e.g., Acticide® B20) (preservative), 2-bromo- 2-nitropropane-l,3 diol (e.g., Acticide® L30) (preservative), xanthan gum (rheology agent), and / or water (diluent).[000141] A surfactant is a chemical agent that functions to change the interfactial properties of a composition. In some embodiments, a surfactant is a cationic surfactant, a anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, or a non-ionic surfactant.[000142] In some embodiments the surfactant may be alkyl ammonium halide, alkyl ammonium chloride, behentrimonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzododecinium bromide, bronidox, carbethopendecinium bromide, cetalkonium chloride, cetrimonium bromide, cetrimonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide, dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride, di oleoyl-3 -trimethylammonium propane, domiphen bromide, lauryl methyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, olaflur, n-Oleyl-1 ,3- propanediamine, pahutoxin, stearalkonium chloride,14282356vl 20 / 164tetramethylammonium hydroxide, thonzonium bromide. CHAPS (3-[(3 - cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-l -propanesulfonate) detergent, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, egg lecithin, hydroxysultaine, lecithin, miltefosine, peptitergents, sodium lauroamphoacetate, lauryl betaine, cetrimonium chloride, amine oxides, also known as amine-N-oxide and N-oxide, dodecyldimethylamine oxide (DDAO), alkoxylates such as alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated phenols, alkoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated monoalkaolamides, alkoxylated sorbitan esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, monoalkaolamide ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, polymeric surfactants, including but not limited to ethylene oxide- propylene oxide copolymers, linear alcohol ethoxylates, branched chain alcohol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, alcohol alkoxylates, polyethylene modified fatty acid sorbitan esters, polyalkylglucosides, ethoxylated alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, alkoxylated alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers, and fatty acid amides, lycol esters, glycerol esters, polyglycerol esters, glucosides, polyglucosides, and sucrose esters. Additional examples of nonionic surfactants may include but are not limited to alkyl polyglycoside, CETOMACROGOL 1000™, cetostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, cocamide dea, cocamide mea, decyl glucoside, decyl polyglucose, glycerol monostearate, IGEPAL® CA-630, ISOCETETFI-20™, lauryl glucoside, maltosides, monolaurin, mycosubtilin, narrow-range ethoxylate, NONIDET P-40™ (NP-40), NONOXYNOL-9™ (NP-9), nonoxynols, octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, n-octyl beta- d-thioglucopyranoside, octyl glucoside, oleyl alcohol, PEG-10 sunflower glycerides, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, polidocanol, poloxamer, poloxamer 407, polyethoxylated tallow amine, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, polysorbate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, sorbitan, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan tristearate, stearyl alcohol, surfactin, TRITON X-100™, and TWEEN 80™, nonoxynols, pol oxamers, alkoxylated alcohol, polysorbate, ethoxylated castor oil, polyethyle glycol, polyoxyethylene sorbitol ester, N- methyl-N-octanoyl / decanoylglucamine, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohols, sorbitan monooleates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol ether, octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, 2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(2-{2-[2-(4- Nonylphenoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy } ethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy } ethoxy)ethoxy] ethoxy } ethanol, and 2-[4- (2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethanol.[000143] An emulsifier is a chemical agent that functions to encourages the suspension of one liquid into another. In some embodiments, the emulsifier is a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant or a non-ionic surfactant.[000144] In some embodiments, 5-50% of the total weight of a composition are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls). In some14282356vl 21 / 164embodiments, 5-40%, 5-30%, 20-50%, 20-40, or 20-30% of the total weight of a composition are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls). In some embodiments, about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the total weight of composition are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls). In some embodiments, about 25.2% of the total weight of composition are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls). In some embodiments, about 10.58% of the total weight of composition are yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls).[000145] In some embodiments, 1-20% of the total weight of a composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, 1-15%, 1-10%, 1-5%, 2-15%, or 4-10% of the total weight of a composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, or 20% of the total weight of composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, about 9.5% of the total weight of composition are surfactants.[000146] In some embodiments, 1-20% of the total weight of a composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, 1-15%, 1-10%, 1-5%, 2-15, or 4-10% of the total weight of a composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, or 20% of the total weight of composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, about 9.5% of the total weight of composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester.[000147] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1- 0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.65%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, about 0.64% of the total weight of composition are emulsifiers.[000148] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, about 0.3% of the total weight of composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. [000149] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1- 0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%,14282356vl 22 / 1640.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, about 0.34% of the total weight of composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate.[000150] In some embodiments, 0.01-2% of the total weight of a composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, 0.01-1.5%, 0.01-1%, 0.01-0.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.1-0.4% of the total weight of a composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, about 0.13% of the total weight of composition are antifoam agents.[000151] In some embodiments, 0.01-2% of the total weight of a composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, 0.01-1.5%, 0.01-1%, 0.01- 0.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.1-0.4% of the total weight of a composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, about 0.13% of the total weight of composition is a poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. [000152] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, about 1.7% of the total weight of composition are preservatives.[000153] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 5-chloro- 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.11%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 1.11% of the total weight of composition is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.[000154] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In14282356vl 23 / 164some embodiments, about 0.37% of the total weight of composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 3 -one.[000155] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is a benzisothiazolinone (e.g., a glycol-based benzisothiazolinone). In some embodiments, 0.01- 3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is a benzisothiazolinone. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is a benzisothiazolinone. In some embodiments, about 0.12% of the total weight of composition is a benzisothiazolinone.[000156] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 2-Bromo- 2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In some embodiments, about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In some embodiments, about 0.1% of the total weight of composition is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane- 1,3 diol.[000157] In some embodiments, 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of a composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, 0.01-0.09%, 0.01-0.07%, 0.02-0.07%, or 0.04-0.06% of the total weight of a composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% of the total weight of composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, about 0.05% of the total weight of composition are rheology agents.[000158] A rheology agent is a chemical agent that functions as a thickener or viscosity modifier. In some embodiments, a rheology agent is a polymer, optionally a long chain polysaccharide from natural sources such as trees, plants, and algae. Examples of rheology agents include xanthan gum, carrageenan, guar gum, alginates, polyethylene glycol (PEG) compounds, clays, and acrylic polymers.[000159] In some embodiments, 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of a composition is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, 0.01-0.09%, 0.01-0.07%, 0.02-0.07%, or 0.04-0.06% of the total weight of a composition is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% of the total weight of composition is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, about 0.05% of the total weight of composition is xanthan gum.[000160] In some embodiments, 50-75% of the total weight of a composition is a diluent (e.g., water). In some embodiments, 50-70%, 50-65%, 50-60%, 55-70%, or 60-70% of the total14282356vl 24 / 164weight of a composition is a diluent (e.g., water). In some embodiments, about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80% of the total weight of composition is a diluent (e.g., water). In some embodiments, about 63.86% of the total weight of composition is a diluent (e.g., water). [000161] In some embodiments, a composition comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: (a) yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (e.g., fragmented yeast cell walls) at a concentration of 10-50% weight: weight (about 25.2% weight: weight); (b) a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester at a concentration of 1-20% weightweight (about 9.5% weightweight); (c) castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 at a concentration of 0.05-2% weightweight (about 0.3% weightweight); (d) calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate at a concentration of 0.05-2% weightweight (about 0.34% weightweight); (e) polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion at a concentration of 0.01-2% weight: weight (about 0.13% weight: weight); (f) 5-chloro-2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 1.11% weightweight); (g) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.37% weightweight); (h) benzisothiazolinone (e.g., a glycol-based benzisothiazolinone) at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.12% weight: weight); (i) 2-bromo-2- nitropropane-1,3 diol at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.1% weightweight); (j) xanthan gum at a concentration of 0.01-0.1% weightweight (about 0.05% weightweight); and (k) a diluent (e.g., water) at a concentration of 50-75% weightweight (about 63.9% weightweight).[000162] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are in a composition that is formulated as a spray, liquid (including homogeneous mixtures, such as a soluble liquid concentrate, and non-homogeneous mixtures, such as suspensions, colloids, micelles, and emulsions), wettable powder, water dispersible granule, suspension, emulsion, aerosol, emulsifiable concentrate, or solid.[000163] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are delivered in a composition that does not contain a pesticide. In some embodiments, the yeast particles are delivered in a composition that does not contain a Bt pesticide. In some embodiments, the yeast particles are delivered in a composition that does not contain a biopesticide. In some embodiments, the yeast particles are delivered in a composition that does not contain a chemical pesticide.[000164] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are applied at a use rate of about 50 to about 300 g yeast particles / hectare (ha); or about 200 to about 300 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 100 to about 500 g yeast particles / ha; or about 200 to about 1,000 g yeast particles / ha; or about 100 to about 1,000 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 100 to about 800 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 100 to about 700 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 100 to about 600 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 10014282356vl 25 / 164to about 500 g yeast parti cles / ha; or about 100 to about 400 g yeast particles / ha; or about 250 to about 500 g yeast particles / ha; or about 250 to about 750 g yeast particles / ha.[000165] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are applied at a use rate of about 200 g yeast particles / ha or about 250 g yeast particles / ha; or about 300 g yeast particles / ha; or about 350 g yeast particles / ha; or about 400 g yeast particles / ha; or about 450 g yeast particles / ha; or about 500 g yeast particles / ha; or about 550 g yeast particles / ha; or about 600 g yeast particles / ha; or about 650 g yeast particles / ha; or about 7000 g yeast particles / ha; or about 750 g yeast particles / ha; or about 800 g yeast particles / ha; or about or about 850 g yeast particles / ha; or about 900 g yeast particles / ha; or about 950 g yeast particles / ha; or about 1000 g yeast particles / ha; or about 1050 g yeast particles / ha; or about 1100 g yeast particles / ha.[000166] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, the method comprising delivering a composition to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect, wherein the composition comprises a pesticidal polynucleotide and one or more polysaccharides, optionally wherein the insect is a Lepidopteran insect.[000167] Some aspects of the present disclosure provide a method for controlling a plant pest, the method comprising delivering one or more polysaccharides to a transgenic plant engineered to express a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide.[000168] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 glucans, optionally wherein the P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 glucans are branched.[000169] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-glucans derived from a yeast, optionally P-glucans derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[000170] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides are derived from sources other than yeast, optionally wherein the source other than yeast is a bacteria, fungi, algae, lichen, or plant.[000171] In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides comprise P-l,3-glucans derived from an algae, optionally P-1, 3 -glucans derived from Euglena gracilis.[000172] In some embodiments, the transgenic plant expresss one or more proteins that control a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is a fungus or an insect. In some embodiments, the plant pest is an insect.[000173] In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant are activated in an insect gut. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant are selected from the group consisting of crystal proteins and vegetative14282356vl 26 / 164insecticidal proteins. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant are Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal proteins. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant are selected from the group consisting of VIP3a, Cry IF, Cry 1 AB, Cry 1 Ac, Cryl.A105, Cry2AB, Cry IB.868, CrylC, CrylDa7, Cry2Ae, and CrylFa. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant selected from the group consisting of Cry IF, Cry 1 AB, Cry 1 Ac, Cryl.A105, Cry2AB, CrylB.868, CrylC, CrylDa7, Cry2Ae, and CrylFa. In some embodiments, the one or more proteins expressed by the transgenic plant is selected from the group consisting of Cry IF, CrylFa, and CrylAb.[000174] In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is selected from the group consisting of Solanaceae plants, Brassicaceae plants, Poaceae plants, Cucurbitaceae plants, Fabaceae plants, Fagaceae plants, Asteraceae plants, Amaryllidaceae plants, Umbelliferae plants, Apiaceae plants, Amranthaceae plants, and Malvaceae plants, optionally wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of com, soy, and cotton. In some embodiments, the plant is a specialty crop (e.g., coffee, berries, etc.)[000175] In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is in the family Malvaceae. In some embodiments, the plant in the family Malvacae is a species of cotton.[000176] In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is in the family Poaceae. In some embodiments, the plant in the family Poaceae is a species of com. In some embodiments, the transgenic plant in the family Poaceae is a species of rice.[000177] In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is a plant in the family Fabaceae. In some embodiments, the plant of the family Fabaceae is a soybean.[000178] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide inhibits expression of a target gene in a plant pest, optionally wherein the plant pest is an insect. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) or a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises a first strand that is identical or complementary to a region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded by the one or more target genes. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a dsRNA comprising a second strand that is complementary to the first strand.[000179] In some embodiments, the target gene comprises one or more genes selected from the group consisting of proteasome beta 5 (PSMB5) gene, vacuolar ATPase-E (vATPase-E) gene, calmodulin gene, inhibitor of apoptosis (LAP) gene, a soluble NSF attachment (a-SNAP) gene, Ras opposite (ROP) gene, proteasome alpha Type-2 (PTSA2) gene, secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1 (SARI) gene, PBAN, ATPase, wings up A (wupA), CP4S3 DROME, and C12C1 DROME. In some embodiments, the target gene is IAP.14282356vl 27 / 164[000180] In some embodiments, the target gene has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.[000181] In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises at least 20, 50,100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to or comprise at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100% identity to a segment of the target gene. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises at least 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, or 550 contiguous nucleotides that are complementary to or comprise at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, or 100% identity to a segment of a nucleotide sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 1-13.[000182] In some embodiments, the composition is delivered to a leaf, stem, branch, seed, fruit, flower, root, or soil of the plant. In some embodiments, delivering the composition comprises topically applying the composition to the plant or soil. In some embodiments, delivering the composition comprises spraying the composition onto the leaf, stem, branch, seed, fruit, flower, root, or soil of the plant, optionally wherein delivering comprises spraying the composition onto the leaf of the plant. In some embodiments, delivering the composition to the plant comprises a seed treatment.[000183] In some embodiments, the plant is selected from the group consisting of Solanaceae plants, Brassicaceae plants, Poaceae plants, Cucurbitaceae plants, Farbaceae plants, Fagaceae plants, Asteraceae plants, Amaryllidaceae plants, Umbelliferae plants, Apiaceae plants, Amranthaceae plants, and Malvaceae plants, optionally wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of com, soy, and cotton.[000184] In some embodiments, the plant is selected from Coffea plants, Rutacea plants (including, but not limited to, citrus plants), Rosaceae plants (including, but not limited to, pomme plants, such as apple and pear), stone fruit (including, but not limited to, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pluots, cherries, mangos, dates, blackberries, raspberries, and coconuts), tropical fruit (including, but not limited to, Anacardiaceae plants (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae plants (papaya), Passifloraceae plants (passion fruit), Lauraceae plants (avocado), Malphigiaceae plants (Acerola), Musaceae plants (banana) and Sapindaceae plants (rambutan, lychee, longan)), Vitaceae plants, leafy vegetables, and fruiting vegetables.[000185] In some embodiments, the plant pest is a pest belonging to the order Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiplera. Diptera, or Acari. In some embodiments, the plant pest is a Nematoda.[000186] In some embodiments, the plant pest is an insect that is resistant to one or more biopesticides, optionally wherein the one or more biopesticides comprises one or more Bt14282356vl 28 / 164proteins, optionally wherein the one or more Bt proteins comprise one or more Bt crystal proteins.[000187] In some embodiments, the plant pest belonging to the order Lepidoptera comprises a species from a family selected from the group consisting of Nymphalidae (brushfooted butterflies), Danaidae (milkweed butterflies), Pieridae (whites and sulfurs) Papilionidae (swallowtails), Lycaenidae (blues, coppers, and hairstreaks), Hesperiidae (skippers), Tineidae (clothes moths), Sesiidae (clearwing moths), Pyralidae (snout moths), Lasiocampidae (lappet moths), Saturniidae (giant silk moths), Sphingidae (hawk moths), Arctiidae (tiger moths), Lymantriidae (tussock moths), Noctuidae (loopers, owlet moths, and underwings), Tortricidae (leafroller moths), and Plutellidae (diamond back moths).[000188] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is one or more of a Plutella spp., a Spodoptera spp., a Helicoverpa spp., or a Chyrysodeixis spp.[000189] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Plutella spp., optionally wherein the Plutella spp. insect is Plutella xylostella.[000190] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera frugiperda.[000191] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Chrysodeixis spp., optionally where in the Chrysodeixis spp. insect is Chyrysodeixis includens (soybean looper). [000192] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa zea (tomato fruitworm).[000193] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Cydia spp., optionally where in the Cydia spp. insect is Cydia pomonella (codling moth).[000194] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Trichoplusia spp., optionally where in the Trichoplusia spp. insect is Trichoplusia ni (Cabbage looper).[000195] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm.[000196] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm).[000197] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the Spodoptera spp. insect is Spodoptera litoralis (tomato moth).[000198] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Pieris spp., optionally where in the Pieris spp. insect is Pieris rapae (imported cabbageworm).[000199] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Tuta spp., optionally where in the Tuta spp. insect is Tuta absolute (tomato leafminer).14282356vl 29 / 164[000200] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Helicoverpa spp., optionally where in the Helicoverpa spp. insect is Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm). [000201] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Chrysodeixis spp., optionally where in the Chrysodeixis spp. insect is Chyrysodeixis acuta (tomato semi-looper). [000202] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Paramyelois spp., optionally where in the Paramyelois spp. insect is Paramyelois transitella (navel orange worm). [000203] In some embodiments, the Lepidopteran insect species is Lobesia spp., optionally where in the Lobesia spp. insect is Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth).[000204] In some embodiments, the insect belongs to the order Coleoptera and wherein Coleopteran insect is of a species selected from the group consisting of Leptinotarsa spp., Phyllotreta spp., Cerotoma spp., Diabrotica spp., Tribolium spp., Anthonomus spp. and Alticini spp.[000205] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Phyllotreta spp., optionally where in the Phylotreta spp. insect is Phylotreta cruciferae (canola flea beetle). [000206] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Phyllotreta spp., optionally where in the Phylotreta spp. insect is Phylotreta striolata (striped flea beetle). [000207] In some embodiments, the Colepotera insect species is Psylliodes spp., optionally where in the Psylliodes spp. insect is Psylliodes chrysocephala (cabbage stem flea beetle). [000208] In some embodiments the pest a mite. Mites are arachnids that span two orders - Acariformes and Parasitiformes . Historically mites have also been classified within the sub-class Acari. A mite may be any arthropod of superorder Acariformes or Parasitiformes or in the historical sub-class Acari. Examples of Parasitiformes include, but are not limited to, Ixodida. Mesotigmata, Opiloacardia, Holothyrida, Trigynaspida, Monogynaspida, and Sejida. Examples of Acariformes include, but are not limited to, Endeostimata, Eriophoidea, Trombidiformes, Sphaerolichida, Prostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Orbatida, and Astigmatina. Examples of mites of the superorder Acariformes include, but are not limited to the orders, Endeostigmata, Eriophyoidea, Trombidiformes, Sphaerolichida, Prostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Orbatida, and Astigmatina. In some embodiments the arachnid is in the family Tetranychidae such as Tetranichus utricae (two-spotted spider mite) or Panonychus citri (citrus red mite). In specific embodiments, the mite may be any mite of the family Tetranychidae which contains a number of pest mite species. Species of the family Tetranychidae include, but are not limited to Panonychus citri (citrus red mite), Tetranychus utricae (two-spotted spider mite), Panonychus ulmi (fruit tree red spider mite), Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus turkestani, Tetranychus ezoensis, Tetranychus parakanzawai, Tetranychus pueraricola, anonychus osmanthi, Tetranychus huhhotensis, Tetranychus misumaiensis, Tetranychus truncatus,14282356vl 30 / 164Tetranychus piercei, Panonychus mori, Tetranychus zeae, Tetranychus phaselus, Panonychus thelytokus, Tetranychus merganser, Oligonychus orthius, Tetranychus neocaledonicus, Panonychus bambusicola, Oligonychus rubicundus, Panonychus caglei, Tetranychus macfarlanei Tetranychus lombardinii, Tetranychus ludeni. Tetranychus bambusae, Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus okinawanus, Tetranychus evansi, Aponychus corpuzae, Eotetranychus uchidai, Eotetranychus asiaticus, Eotetranychus toyoshimai, Eotetranychus pruni, Eotetranychus smithi, Schizotetranychus cercidiphylli, Oligonychus camelliae, Panonychus akitanus, Panonychus pusillus, Oligonychus hondoensis, Oligonychus amiensis, Schizotetranychus shii, Eotetranychus querci, Oligonychus ilicis, Schizotetranychus gilvus, Aponychus firmianae, Schizotetranychus bambusae, Brevipalpus yothersi, Eutetranychus africanus, Oligonychus coffeae, Oligonychus gotohi, Eotetranychus nomurai, Eotetranychus dissectus, Yezonychus sapporensis, Schizotetranychus schizopus, Stigmaeopsis celarius, Stigmaeopsis longus, Stigmaeopsis saharai, Petrobia latens, Stigmaeopsis miscanthi, Eotetranychus rubricans, Oligonychus biharensis, Schizotetranychus recki, and Stigmaeopsis takahashii.[000209] In some embodiments, percent mortality of the plant pest increases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein the mortality of the plant pest increases by at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or 100%.[000210] In some embodiments, percent plant part consumption by the plant pest decreases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein percent plant part consumption by the plant pest decreases by at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or 100%.[000211] In some embodiments, percent plant part surface area affected by the plant pest decreases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein percent plant part surface area affected by the plant pest decreases by at least 20% or at least 30% or at least 40% or at least 50% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% or at least 90% or 100%. [000212] In some embodiments, the effective amount of pesticide necessary to produce a desired outcome is reduced by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 60%, relative to a control method, optionally wherein the control method does not include yeast particles, beta-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarin.[000213] In some embodiments, the desired outcome is (a) an increase of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 75% mortality of the plant pest14282356vl 31 / 164following delivery; (b) a decrease of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 75% plant part consumption by the plant pest following delivery; and / or (c) a decrease of at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, or at least 75% plant part surface area affected by the plant pest following delivery.[000214] In some embodiments, the method comprises delivery of an effective amount of the pesticide. In some embodiments, the effective amount of the pesticide in the composition comprising the yeast particles or the one or more polysaccharides that is necessary to control the plant pest is lower than the effective amount of the pesticide in a composition that does not comprise the yeast particles or the one or more polysaccharides.[000215] In some embodiments, the method further comprises delivering to the plant, ground, plant pest, or diet of the plant pest a pesticide with a different mode of action than the composition.Definitions[000216] Unless defined otherwise, all technical features, and all technical and scientific terms used have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Where a term is provided in the singular, the inventors also contemplate aspects of the disclosure described by the plural of that term. Where there are discrepancies in terms and definitions used in references that are incorporated by reference, the terms used in this application shall have the definitions given herein. Other technical terms used have their ordinary meaning in the art in which they are used, as exemplified by various artspecific dictionaries, for example, The American Heritage® Science Dictionary (Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries, 2011, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston and New York), the McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms (6th edition, 2002, McGraw-Hill, New York), or the Oxford Dictionary of Biology (6th edition, 2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York). The inventors do not intend to be limited to a mechanism or mode of action. Reference thereto is provided for illustrative purposes only.[000217] That the disclosure may be more readily understood, select terms are defined below.[000218] As used herein, the term “pesticide” (which can be used interchangeably with the term “pesticidal compound”) generally describes a compound that is capable of controlling a pest (e.g., a plant pest such as an insect pest, a fungal pest, a bacterial pest, a parasite, etc. . In some embodiments, a pesticide is a compound that is capable of inducing a physiological or behavioral change in the pest (e.g., plant pest) such as, but not limited to, increased mortality, stunting of growth, decrease in reproductive capacity or decreased fecundity, decrease in or cessation of14282356vl 32 / 164feeding behavior or movement, or decrease in or cessation of metamorphosis stage development, by means of specific biological effects. In some embodiments, a pesticide is an insecticide (a compound that is capable of controlling an insect) or fungicide (a compound that is capable of controlling a fungal species). In some embodiments, a pesticide can be classified as belonging to a mode of action as defined by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) (e.g., as defined at https: / / irac-online.org / ). A pesticide may be a biopesticide, a pesticidal polynucleotide, or a chemical pesticide.[000219] In the context of pesticide compositions and methods, The terms “control” or “controlling” as related to controlling a plant pest means to induce a physiological or behavioral change, such as, but not limited to, causing increased mortality, stunting of growth, decrease in reproductive capacity or decreased fecundity, decrease in or cessation of feeding behavior or movement, or decrease in or cessation of metamorphosis stage development.[000220] As used herein, the term “biopesticide” generally refers to pesticides or pesticidal compounds that are whole microorganisms (e.g., a whole bacterium), or protein or polynucleotides derived or isolated from animals, plants, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.), fungal species, or from certain minerals. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a protein that is isolated from animals, plants, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.), or fungal species. A biopesticide may comprise an entire organism (e.g., a microorganism, e.g., a Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism) or a cellular component of an organism (e.g., a microorganism, e.g., a Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism). In some embodiments, a cellular component comprises one or more proteins (e.g., a crystal protein or a vegetative insecticidal protein, e.g., from a Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism) that control a plant pest. In some embodiments, a biopesticide comprises toxin complex (Tc) proteins that are expressed by Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a protein or nucleic acid that is obtained from an animal, plant, microorganism (e.g., bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.), or fungal species. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a protein that is recombinantly or synthetically produced. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a protein that is expressed from a transgenic organism (e.g., a transgenic plant). In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a polynucleotide that is isolated from animals, plants, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, etc.), or fungal species. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a polynucleotide that is recombinantly or synthetically produced. In some embodiments, a biopesticide is a polynucleotide that is expressed from a transgenic organism (e.g., a transgenic plant).[000221] As used herein, the term “pesticidal polynucleotide” generally refers to pesticides or pesticidal compounds that comprise or consist of a polynucleotide molecule. A polynucleotide14282356vl 33 / 164molecule is a polymer of nucleotide monomers that are covalently bonded in a linear chain. In some embodiments, a pesticidal polynucleotide is a polynucleotide that modulates expression of a target gene in a plant pest (e.g., to result in control of the plant pest by the polynucleotide). In some embodiments, a pesticidal polynucleotide is a polynucleotide that inhibits expression of a target gene (e.g., inhibits transcription of DNA or inhibits translation of an mRNA) in a plant pest (e.g., to result in control of the plant pest by the polynucleotide). In some embodiments, a pesticidal polynucleotide is an RNA interference molecule. A pesticidal polynucleotide can function to modulate expression of a target gene by binding to (e.g., transiently binding to) the messenger RNA encoded by the target gene (e.g. resulting in inhibition of translation of mRNA, e.g., due to the mRNA being degraded). In some embodiments, a pesticidal polynucleotide is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecule. In some embodiments, if there are epigenetic changes near the gene of interest, a pesticidal polynucleotide may inhibit expression of the mRNA encoded by the target gene. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) that inhibits expression of a coding region of a target gene. In other embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is a DNA sequence that encodes an RNA molecule (e.g., a dsRNA molecule). In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide is an antisense RNA. It should be understood that the sequences disclosed herein as DNA sequences can be converted from a DNA sequence to an RNA sequence by replacing some or each of the thymidines with uracils.[000222] As used herein, the term “chemical pesticide” generally refers to pesticides or pesticidal compounds that are small molecule pesticides. A chemical pesticide may be a natural product small molecule or a synthetic small molecule (e.g., a small molecule that has been synthetically generated). A small molecule may be any organic compound with low molecular weight (e.g., less than 1000 daltons).[000223] As used herein, the term “biological adjuvant” is a substance obtained from organisms, including, but not limited to, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi, algae, or lichens that when administered to a host in connection with one or more of a pesticide (e.g., biopesticide, pesticidal polynucleotide, chemical pesticide) enhances the efficacy of the one or more biopesticides or insecticidal polynucleotides. In some embodiments, a biological adjuvant is a yeast particle (e.g., a yeast particle comprising yeast cell wall components). In some embodiments, a biological adjuvant is one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin.[000224] As used herein, the term “plant” includes the plant body, plant organs (for example, leaves, petals, stem, root, rhizome, and seeds), plant tissues (for example, epidermis, phloem, parenchyma, xylem, and vascular bundle), and plant cells. In addition, the term “plant14282356vl 34 / 164cell” includes seed suspension cultures, embryos, meristematic tissue regions, callus tissues, cells derived from leaves and roots, and gametophytes (embryos and pollens) and their precursors.[000225] As used herein, the term “plant pest” refers to an organism (e.g., an insect pest or a fungal pest) that damages a plant or population of plants by living, growing, and / or feeding on the plant or population of plants. In some embodiments, a plant pest damages a plant or population of plants by reducing the lifespan of a plant, reducing the size of a plant (e.g., reducing the size of its leaves, roots, stems), reducing the reproductive capability of a plant, and / or reducing the production of yield of fruit, vegetables, flowers, seeds, foliage, or other commodities that result from the population of plants. Plant pests can include viruses, bacteria, fungi, rodents, parasites, and insects.[000226] As used herein, a “Bt product” refers to a product that contains Bacillus thuringiensis or compounds derived from Bt.[000227] As used herein, the term “Bt crystal protein” refers to parasporal crystalline inclusions produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) many of which are pore-forming toxins that specifically target invertebrates, yet are harmless to mammals. In some embodiments, a Bt crystal protein is Cry IF, Cry 1 AB, Cry 1 Ac, Cryl.A105, Cry2AB, Cry IB.868, CrylC, CrylDa7, Cry2Ae, and Cry 1 Fa.[000228] As used herein, the term “recombinant microorganism” refers to a genetically modified microorganism or a microorganism that maintains and replicates recombinant DNA. [000229] As used herein, the term “transgenic plant” (also referred to as a “traited plant") is a plant that has been genetically modified (or engineered) using recombinant DNA technology. In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is modified to express a gene that is not native to the plant or to modify endogenous genes. In some embodiments, the protein encoded by the gene provides a particular trait or characteristic to that plant. In some embodiments, the transgenic plant is engineered to express a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide.[000230] As used herein, the term “yeast particle” or “YP” refers to yeast cells or yeast cell wall components derived from yeast cells. A yeast particle may comprise yeast cell wall components (e.g., P-1,6 glucans, P-1, 3 -glucans, P-1,3 / 1,6 glucans (also referred to as P-1,3-1,6 glucans), mannan-oligosaccharides, mannoproteins, chitin, and / or lipids). In some embodiments, yeast cell wall components comprise lipids selected from the group consisting of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), and / or cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). In some embodiments, a yeast particle is not a yeast extract. In some embodiments, a yeast particle does consist of a yeast extract. Examples of yeast particles (e.g., yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components) include, but are not limited to, whole yeast cells that14282356vl 35 / 164have been heat killed, yeast cell walls, and yeast cell wall components that remain after an extraction process. Yeast particles may, for example, be in the form of a hollow shell and / or may be fragments of yeast cell walls. Yeast particles include, but are not limited to, commercially available yeast partiles (for example, ACTIVEMOS® and SAFMANNAN®), extracted yeast cell wall particles (YCWPs), yeast cell particles (YCPs), yeast glucan particles (GPs or YGPs), yeast glucan-mannan particle (GMP or YGMP), yeast glucan chitin particle (GCP or YGCP), yeast glucan chitin mannan particles (GCMP or YGCMP), yeast glucan lipid particles (GLPs or YGLPs), whole glucan particles (WGPs), and the like. In some embodiments, the yeast particles (e.g., yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components) comprise P-glucans (e.g., P-1,3 branched glucans, P-1,6 branched glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 branched glucans) and / or mannanoligosaccharides.[000231] Yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components may be prepared from yeast cells by the extraction and purification of the insoluble particulate fraction from the soluble components of the yeast cell. The fungal cell walls can be produced from the insoluble byproduct of yeast extract manufacture. Further, the yeast cells can be treated with an aqueous hydroxide solution, without disrupting the yeast cell walls, which digests the protein and intracellular portion of the cell, leaving the yeast cell wall component devoid of significant protein contamination, and having substantially the unaltered cell wall structure of P(1 -6) and P(1 -3) linked glucans. In some embodiments, the process of preparing yeast particles of the disclosure is as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,646; U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,594; U.S. Pat. No. 5,401 ,727; or U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,677, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the process of preparing yeast particles of the disclosure involves a method of preparing yeast glucan particles by alkali extraction, acid extraction and then extraction with an organic solvent and finally drying.[000232] As used herein, the term “polysaccharides” refers to long-chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units that are linked by glycosidic linkages. In some embodiments, a polysaccharide is a disaccharide or tri saccharide. In some embodiments, a polysaccharide contains at least 3, 5, 7, 9, or 10 monosaccharide units that are linked by glycosidic linkages. In some embodiments, a polysaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of glucan units that are linked by glycosidic linkages.[000233] In some embodiments, a polysaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of glucan units that are linked by P-1,3 and / or P-1,6 linkages. In some embodiments, a P-glucan comprises P-1,3 branched glucans, P-1,6 branched glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 branched glucans. In some embodiments, a beta-glucan comprises a linear chain of glucose units without any branching. In some embodiments, a beta-glucan comprises a chain of glucose units with14282356vl 36 / 164branching. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the beta-glucan is at least 300,000 Daltons, at least 400,000 Daltons, or at least 500,000 Daltons. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the beta-glucan is 35,600-650,000 Daltons; 200,000-600,000 Daltons; 300,000-600,000 Daltons; or 400,000-600,000 Daltons. In some embodiments, the molecular weight of the beta-glucan is about 500,000.[000234] In some embodiments, a polysaccharide is a mannan-oligosaccharide. In some embodiments, a mannan-oligosaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of mannose units. In some embodiments, a mannan-oligosaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of mannose units and galactose units. In some embodiments, a mannan- oligosaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of mannose units and glucose units. In some embodiments, a mannan-oligosaccharide is a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of mannose units, galactose units, and glucose units. In some embodiments, a mannan-oligosaccharide comprises a-1,2 linkages, a-1,3 linkages, and / or a-1,6 linkages. In some embodiments, a mannan-oligosaccharide comprises P-1,4 linkages and / or a-1,6 linkages.[000235] In some embodiments, a polysaccharide is a laminarin. A laminarin is, in some embodiments, a long-chain polymeric carbohydrate composed of glucose units. In some embodiments, a laminarin is a linear polysaccharide. In some embodiments, a laminarin comprises P-1,3 linkages and / or P-1,6 linkages. In some embodiments, a laminarin comprises P- 1,3 linkages and P-1,6 linkages in a ratio of 3: 1. Laminarin can be prepared as described in Kadam et al. Extraction, structure and biofunctionalactivities of laminarin from brown algae. International Journal of Food Science and Technology (2015), the content of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, a laminarin is derived from Laminaria digitata.[000236] As used herein, the term “coleopteran insect” refers to any insect of the order Coleoptera. Examples of insects of the order Coleoptera include, but are not limited to, Chrysomelidae (leaf beetle, broad-shouldered leaf beetle, alligator weed flea beetle), Curculionidae (snout beetle), Meloidae (blister beetle), Tenebrionidae (darkling beetle), Scarabaeidae (scarab beetle), Cerambycidae (Japanese pine sawyer), Curculionidae (Chinese white pine beetle), Nitidulidae (small hive beetle), Cerambycidae (mulberry longhorn beetle), Phyllotreta (flea beetle), Diabrotica (corn rootworm) Chrysomela (cottonwood leaf beetle), Hypothenemus (coffee berry borer), Sitophilus (maize weevil), Epitrix (tobacco flea beetle), E. cucumeris (potato flea beetle), P. pusilia (western black flea beetle); Anthonomus (pepper weevil), Hemicrepidus (wireworms), Melanotus (wireworm), Ceutorhychus (cabbage seedpod weevil), Aeolus (wireworm), Horistonotus (sand wireworm), Sphenophorus (maize billbug), S. zea (timothy billbug), S. parvulus (bluegrass billbug), S. callosus (southern com billbug);14282356vl 37 / 164Phyllophaga (white grubs), Chaetocnema (corn flea beetle), Popillia (Japanese beetle), Epilachna (Mexican bean beetle), Cerotoma (bean leaf beetle), Epicauta (blister beetle), and any combination thereof. Among the family Chyrsomelidae , examples may include any species of Leptinotarsa. Leptinotarsa species include, but are not limited to, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Leptinotarsa juncta (False potato Beetle), Leptinotarsa behrensi, Leptinotarsa collinsi, Leptinotarsa defecta, Leptinotarsa haldemani (Haldeman’s green potato beetle), Leptinotarsa heydeni, Leptinotarsa juncta (false potato beetle), Leptinotarsa 38ineolate (burrobrush leaf beetle), Leptinotarsa peninsularis, Leptinotarsa rubiginosa, Leptinotarsa texana, Leptinotarsa tlascalana, Leptinotarsa lumamoca. and Leptinotarsa typographica. [000237] As used herein, the term “lepidopteran insect” refers any insect belonging to the order Lepidoptera. Examples of insects in the order lepidoptera include Nymphalidae (brushfooted butterflies), Danaidae (milkweed butterflies), Pieridae (whites and sulfurs) Papilionidae (swallowtails), Lycaenidae (blues, coppers, and hairstreaks), Hesperiidae (skippers), Tineidae (clothes moths), Sesiidae (clearwing moths), Pyralidae (snout moths), Lasiocampidae (lappet moths), Saturniidae (giant silk moths), Sphingidae (hawk moths), Arctiidae (tiger moths), Lymantriidae (tussock moths), Noctuidae (loopers, owlet moths, and underwings), and Plutellidae (diamond back moths). The family Noctuidae includes any species of Spodoptera spp., including, for example, S. frugiperda (fall armyworm). In the family Plutellidae, examples include Plutella spp., such as P. xylostolla (diamondback moth).[000238] As used herein, the term “effective amount” generally refers to the amount or concentration of pesticide(s) needed to achieve an observable effect on a physiological or behavioral change in the pest (e.g., plant pest), such as, but not limited to, increased mortality, stunting of growth, decrease in reproductive capacity or decreased fecundity, decrease in or cessation of feeding behavior or movement, or decrease in or cessation of metamorphosis stage development. In some embodiments, the presence of a biological adjuvant such as yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components lowers the amount of pesticide needed to achieve a desiredeffect on a physiological or behavioral change in the pest (e.g., plant pest).[000239] As used herein, the term “complex core A” (abbreviated as CCA) generally refers to a formulation comprising (i) yeast particles (e.g., yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components) or polysaccharides (e.g., beta-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarin) that form a spherical particle and (ii) a nuclease inhibitor. In some embodiments, the complex further comprises a cationic polymer (e.g., a polyethyleneimine (PEI) or a poly-L-lysine (PLL)). In some embodiments, a complex core A formulation is 2-10, 2-5, 2-6, 3-10, 3-5, or 3-7 microns in diameter. In some embodiments, a nuclease inhibitor is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium14282356vl 38 / 164tripolyphosphate (TPP), diethyl pyrocarbonate, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), formamide, macaloid, proteinase K, heparin, hydroxylamine-oxygen-cupric ion, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, dithioerythritol, or tris (2- carboxyethyl) phosphene hydrochloride.[000240] As used herein, the term “complementary” refers to a relationship between two nucleic acid sequences. A first nucleic acid sequence is complementary to a second nucleic acid sequence if it is capable of binding to and forming a duplex with the second nucleic acid. In some embodiments, a first nucleic acid sequence is considered to be complementary to a second nucleic acid sequence if it base-pairs with at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or 100% of the second nucleic acid sequence across the length of the first and / or second nucleic acid sequence.[000241] As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to a variation of no more than plus or minus ten percent (e.g., no more than plus or minus 9%, 8%, 7%, 6%, 5%, 4%, or 3%) relative to the named item or items.[000242] As used herein, the term “about” refers to a numeric value, including, for example, whole numbers, fractions, and percentages, whether or not explicitly indicated. The term “about” generally refers to a range of numerical values (e.g., + / - 5-10% of the recited value) that one of ordinary skill in the art would consider equivalent to the recited value (e.g., having the same function or result). In some instances, the term “about” may include numerical values that are rounded to the nearest significant figure.Compositions[000243] The present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and a biological adjuvant (e.g., yeast particles comprising cell wall components) that function, in some embodiments, to enhance (increase) the efficacy of the pesticide (e.g., by increasing the ability of the pesticide to control a plant pest). In some embodiments, the biological adjuvant enhances the efficacy of the pesticide by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, or more. For example, in some embodiments, the biological adjuvant enhances the efficacy of the pesticide by causing at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, or at least 70% death of the plant pest (e.g., insect). The efficacy of a pesticide is enhanced by the biological adjuvant if efficacy is enhanced in the presence of a biological adjuvant compared to a similar concentration of a pesticide without the addition of the biological adjuvant or if a lower amount or concentration of the pesticide is required to control the plant pest in the presence of the biological adjuvant (relative to the amount or concentration of the pesticide required to14282356vl 39 / 164control the plant pest in the absence of the biological adjuvant). In other words, the presence (or addition) of the biological adjuvant to a composition comprising the pesticide provides for greater efficacy or allows for a lower effective amount of the pesticide to be necessary to provide beneficial protection of plants, e.g., that are infested by plant pests. In some embodiments the compositions enhance control of an insect that has developed resistance to the pesticide.[000244] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, wherein the pesticide is a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide. In yet other embodiments, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components, wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, and wherein the pesticide is a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5), an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4), or a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3).[000245] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin, wherein the pesticide is a biopesticide or a pesticidal polynucleotide. In yet other embodiments, the present disclosure provides compositions comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P- glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin, wherein the pesticide is a chemical pesticide, and wherein the pesticide is a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28), an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5), an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4), or a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3).[000246] In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a pesticide and yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components. In some embodiments, the disclosure provides a composition comprising a pesticide and one or more polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin.[000247] In one aspect, this disclosure provides a composition comprising a biopesticide, and a biological adjuvant, wherein the biological adjuvant comprises a YP, wherein the biological adjuvant enhances the efficacy of the biopesticide.[000248] In one aspect, this disclosure provides a composition comprising a biopesticide, and a biological adjuvant, wherein the biological adjuvant comprises a polysaccharide, wherein the biological adjuvant enhances the efficacy of the biopesticide.14282356vl 40 / 164[000249] In some embodiments, a composition does not include e.g., does not comprise) a fertilizer or nitrogen source. A nitrogen source can be an organic nitrogen source, an inorganic nitrogen source, or a mixture thereof. For example, a nitrogen source can be urea-containing compound (e.g., urea), urea ammonium nitrate, ammonium anhydrous, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulphate, ammonium phosphate, liquid ammonium polyphosphate, or mixtures thereof.[000250] In some embodiments, a composition includes a pesticide but does not include (e.g., does not comprise) a fertilizer or nitrogen source.[000251] In some embodiments, the yeast particles are yeast cell wall particles, optionally bead milled yeast cell wall particles, and are in a composition further comprising a methyl oleate / linoleate mythyl ester (e.g., Steposol® ME) (surfactant), castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 (e.g., Toximul® 8242) (emulsifier), calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate (e.g., Ninate® 60E) (emulsifier), poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion (e.g. SAG™ 1572) (antifoam agent), 5- chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (e.g., Acticide® SPX) (preservative), a glycol based benzisothiazolinone e.g., Acticide® B20) (preservative), 2-bromo- 2-nitropropane-l,3 diol (e.g., Acticide® L30) (preservative), xanthan gum (rheology agent), and / or water (diluent).[000252] In some embodiments, a composition comprises or consists of yeast cell wall particles e.g., bead milled yeast cell wall particles), one or more surfactants e.g., a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester), one or more emulsifiers (e.g., castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 calcium, alkylbenzene sulfonate), one or more antifoam agents (e.g., poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion), one or more preservatives (e.g., 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; a glycol based benzisothiazolinone; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane- 1,3 diol), one or more rheology agents (e.g., xanthan gum), and / or one or more diluents (e.g., water).[000253] In some embodiments, 10-50% of the total weight of a composition are yeast particles (e.g., yeast cell wall particles). In some embodiments, 10-40%, 10-30%, 20-50%, 20- 40, or 20-30% of the total weight of a composition are yeast particles e.g., yeast cell wall particles). In some embodiments, about 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or 50% of the total weight of composition are yeast particles e.g., yeast cell wall particles). In some embodiments, about 25.2% of the total weight of composition are yeast particles e.g., yeast cell wall particles).[000254] In some embodiments, 1-20% of the total weight of a composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, 1-15%, 1-10%, 1-5%, 2-15, or 4-10% of the total weight of a composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%,14282356vl 41 / 16411%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, or 20% of the total weight of composition are surfactants. In some embodiments, about 9.5% of the total weight of composition are surfactants.[000255] In some embodiments, 1-20% of the total weight of a composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, 1-15%, 1-10%, 1-5%, 2-15, or 4-10% of the total weight of a composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, or 20% of the total weight of composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester. In some embodiments, about 9.5% of the total weight of composition is a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester.[000256] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1- 0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are emulsifiers. In some embodiments, about 0.64% of the total weight of composition are emulsifiers.[000257] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. In some embodiments, about 0.3% of the total weight of composition is castor oil ethoxylate POE-40. [000258] In some embodiments, 0.05-2% of the total weight of a composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, 0.05-1.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.05-0.5%, 0.1-1%, 0.1- 0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.2-1% of the total weight of a composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate. In some embodiments, about 0.34% of the total weight of composition is calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate.[000259] In some embodiments, 0.01-2% of the total weight of a composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, 0.01-1.5%, 0.01-1%, 0.01-0.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.1-0.4% of the total weight of a composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are antifoam agents. In some embodiments, about 0.13% of the total weight of composition are antifoam agents.[000260] In some embodiments, 0.01-2% of the total weight of a composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, 0.01-1.5%, 0.01-1%, 0.01-14282356vl 42 / 1640.5%, 0.05-1%, 0.1-0.8%, 0.1-0.5%, or 0.1-0.4% of the total weight of a composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, about 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion. In some embodiments, about 0.13% of the total weight of composition is a polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion.[000261] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition are preservatives. In some embodiments, about 1.7% of the total weight of composition are preservatives.[000262] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 5-chloro- 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 1.11% of the total weight of composition is 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.[000263] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 2-methyl- 4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. In some embodiments, about 0.37% of the total weight of composition is 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3- one.[000264] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is a benzisothiazolinone (e.g., a glycol-based benzisothiazolinone). In some embodiments, 0.01- 3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is a benzisothiazolinone. In some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is a benzisothiazolinone. In some embodiments, about 0.12% of the total weight of composition is a benzisothiazolinone.[000265] In some embodiments, 0.01-4% of the total weight of a composition is 2-bromo- 2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In some embodiments, 0.01-3.5%, 0.01-3%, 0.01-2%, 0.05-3%, 0.1-3%, 0.5-2%, or 1-2% of the total weight of a composition is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In14282356vl 43 / 164some embodiments, about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or 2% of the total weight of composition is 2bBromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol. In some embodiments, about 0.1% of the total weight of composition is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane- 1,3 diol.[000266] In some embodiments, 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of a composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, 0.01-0.09%, 0.01-0.07%, 0.02-0.07%, or 0.04-0.06% of the total weight of a composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% of the total weight of composition are rheology agents. In some embodiments, about 0.05% of the total weight of composition are rheology agents.[000267] In some embodiments, 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of a composition is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, 0.01-0.09%, 0.01-0.07%, 0.02-0.07%, or 0.04-0.06% of the total weight of a composition is xanthan gum. In some embodiments, about 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% of the total weight of composition is Xanthan gum. In some embodiments, about 0.05% of the total weight of composition is Xanthan gum.[000268] In some embodiments, 50-75% of the total weight of a composition is a diluent(e.g., water). In some embodiments, 50-70%, 50-65%, 50-60%, 55-70%, or 60-70% of the total weight of a composition is a diluent (e.g., water). In some embodiments, about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80% of the total weight of composition is a diluent (e.g., water). In some embodiments, about 63.86% of the total weight of composition is a diluent (e.g., water).[000269] In some embodiments, a composition comprises or consists of: (a) yeast particles (e.g., yeast cell wall particles) at a concentration of 10-50% weightweight (about 25.2% weight: weight); (b) a methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester at a concentration of 1-20% weight: weight (about 9.5% weight: weight); (c) castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 at a concentration of 0.05-2% weightweight (about 0.3% weightweight); (d) calcium alkylbenzene sulfonate at a concentration of 0.05-2% weightweight (about 0.34% weightweight); (e) polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion at a concentration of 0.01-2% weightweight (about 0.13% weightweight);(f) 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 1.11% weightweight); (g) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.37% weightweight); (h) benzisothiazolinone (e.g., a glycol-based benzisothiazolinone) at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.12% weightweight);(i) 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol at a concentration of 0.01-4% weightweight (about 0.1% weightweight); (j) Xanthan gum at a concentration of 0.01-0.1% weightweight (about 0.05%14282356vl 44 / 164weightweight); and (k) a diluent (e.g., water) at a concentration of 50-75% weightweight (about 63.9% weight weight).Pesticides for Use in a Composition[000270] In some embodiments, biopesticides are preferred because they are typically nontoxic to humans, target specific pests, and do not linger in the environment as they are biodegraded over time. Due to biodegradation, biopesticides may require several applications to achieve adequate control of pests.[000271] Some biopesticides function as bioinsecticides. Some bioinsecticides inhibit digestion and must be eaten by the insect to be effective, while others impair insect respiratory functions and act upon contact with the insect. Many factors other than its ability to cause mortality determine the value of a material as a bioinsecticide. In the control of plant insect pests, it is necessary to employ chemicals non-toxic to humans and also non injurious to the vegetation. In some embodiments, a biopesticide functions as a fungicide (e.g., to control fungal species). [000272] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the biopesticide can be a naturally occurring microorganism, such as Bacillus thuringiensis. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a naturally-occurring, spore forming gram positive soil bacterium. Bt strains produce several different types of toxins / insecticidal proteins. Bt produces vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) during normal cell growth. During sporulation, Bt produces insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins). Bt insecticidal proteins are selective for insects generally within a given order and often even more selective for a specific insect. Cry proteins are activated by proteases in the high pH gut of insect larvae. When activated, the proteins break down the susceptible insect’s gut lining and lead to feeding cessation and eventual death by starvation within 1-5 days. Bt toxins and spores are destroyed by the low acidic pH of the mammalian gut and thus pose no known risks to humans or other mammals. Target insect specificity is a hallmark of Bt and the basis for sprayable whole Bt strain products, such as DIPEL, for insect control in vegetable or major row crops e.g., corn, cotton, soy).[000273] Commercial Bt products are available, for example, as liquid suspensions or powders containing a mixture of dried spores and toxin crystals. They are applied to leaves or other environments where the insect larvae feed. Bt products, DIPEL® and XENTARI®, used in the instant disclosure are produced by Valent Biosciences. Other commercial Bt products include BACTERIOSPEINE ES®, BIOBIT HP®, FLORBAC®, COSTAR WG®, JAVELIN WP®, THURICIDE®, TEKAR®, BACTIMOS®, VECTOLEX®, N0V0D0R®, TRIDENT®, and LEPROTEC®.14282356vl 45 / 164[000274] Bt proteins, including, for example, isolated Cry proteins or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip), may also be used as natural, organic insecticides for control of crop pests, mosquitoes, and black flies. Cry proteins and or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are non-toxic to vertebrates and are EPA-approved for expression in transgenic food crops (e.g., corn, soybean, potato, and the like) and other transgenic plants (e.g., cotton). They are stable and cheap to mass produce. A number of transgenic crops, genetically modified to express Cry or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip) are in use currently. Nonlimiting examples include corn, soybeans, and cotton.[000275] While Bt has several advantages as an environmentally safe, highly specific biopesticide often used in integrated pest management, there are several limitations to more widespread use. First, it is relatively slow acting compared to synthetic chemicals. Thus, improvement in the speed at which Bt insecticides act is desirable in order to protect against feeding damage. Next, potency of Bt insecticides varies depending on the target insect. Improving potency is desirable to reduce use rate and application cost. Additionally, prolonged use of Bt can lead to development of resistance, thus it is desirable to reduce the application time. Importantly, various populations of target insects for Bt insecticides have developed resistance in the field to those Bt insecticides, including sprayable Bt insecticides and Bt insecticides expressed in transgenic plants. Field resistance has been a long-standing problem, identified at least as early as 1991 (Tabashnik et al., Managing Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis'. Lessons from the Diamondback Moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) J. Econ. EntomoL 84(1): 49-55 (1991). Resistance has also developed to Bt toxins produced by various transgenic crops that have been genetically engineered to express such Bt toxins. Tabashnik et al., Global Patterns of Insect Resistance to Transgenic Bt Crops: The First 25 Years, Journal of Econ. Entomol., 2023, 1-13. By 2013, at least eleven pest species, including nine lepidopterans and two coleopterans, had been documented as having developed or to be developing resistance to Bt toxins expressed by transgenic crops.[000276] In some embodiments, a biopesticide comprises toxin complex (Tc) proteins that are expressed by Paenibacillus, Photorhabdus or Xenorhabdus bacteria. Four different toxin complexes (TCs) — Tea, Tcb, Tcc and Ted — have been identified in Photorhabdus spp. Any protein from one of these toxin complexes may be used as a biopesticide.[000277] In some embodiments, the biopesticide is Paenibacillus, Photorhabdus or Xenorhabdus bacteria (e.g., whole microorganism).[000278] In some embodiments, the biopesticide is a B.t. var. israelensis, B.t. var. aizawai, B.t. var. kurstaki, B.t. var. tenebrionensis, or Bacillus sphaericus microorganism (e.g., whole microorganism). In some embodiments, the biopesticide is an isolated cellular component (e.g.,14282356vl 46 / 164one or more proteins or polynucleotides) derived from a B.t. var. israelensis, B.t. var. aizawai, B.t. var. kurstaki, B.t. var. tenebrionensis, or Bacillus sphaericus microorganism.[000279] Another technology that has shown some effectiveness in controlling certain insect and fungus species is RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi-based technologies for controlling plant pests, which are a type of pesticidal polynucleotide, can mitigate pest damage by delivering ribonucleic acid interference molecules that target (e.g., bind to) and interfere with messenger RNA (mRNA) of a pest gene. Laboratory and field studies have confirmed that oral delivery of RNA molecules whose mode of action is through the RNAi process (e.g., double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)) are effective for many insect species and hence, topical dsRNA is considered a suitable form of delivery. (See, e.g., PCT / US2019 / 053129 (published April 2, 2020 and entitled “Control of Coleopteran Insects”), PCT / US2019 / 060389 (published May 14, 2020 and entitled, “Control of Insect Infestation”), and PCT / US2021 / 032334 (published November 18, 2021 and entitled “RNA-based Control of Lepidopteran Pests”), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.) Moreover, several studies have shown that it is possible to silence essential genes for the control of pathogens via RNA interference without adversely affecting non-target species, allowing growers to target pests more precisely and in an environmentally friendly manner compared to conventional agrochemicals (Cagliari et al. , 2019). RNAi based technologies have also shown effectiveness in controlling fungal pathogens as well (See, e.g., International PCT Application, PCT / US2022 / 019320, entitled “RNA-based Control of Powdery Mildew,” and published September 15, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference). RNAi molecules targeting insect or fungal genes may be produced by any method known in the art, including for example, according to cell-free production methods described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 10,954,541 (entitled “Cell-free production of ribonucleic acid”) and 10,858,385 (entitled “Methods and compositions for nucleoside triphosphate and ribonucleic acid production”), each of which is incorporated herein by reference.[000280] Challenges exist in connection with oral delivery of insecticidal RNA to certain lepdopteran insect species (Terenius et al. 2010. RNA interference in Lepidoptera: An overview of successful and unsuccessful studies and implications for experimental design doi: 10.1016 / j.jinsphys.2010.11.006), including for example, diamondback moth, fall armyworm, cotton bollworm, and soybean looper. While RNA, such as dsRNA, may be effective in knockdown of genes and controlling the insect when delivered to the cells of the insect gut following feeding, the insect’s natural defenses in the gut environment (e.g., presence of nucleases, a highly acidic environment, a highly basic environment) may degrade RNA and limit its effective delivery. In some embodiments of the disclosure, dsRNA is encapsulated in YP in order to reduce degradation in the gut and allow for more dsRNA to be delivered to cells for14282356vl 47 / 164RNAi. In some embodiments the dsRNA is encapsulated in YP in order to reduce degradation in the highly basic environment of the gut of a lepidopteran, for example, Plutella spp., Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera spp., or S. frugiperda. In some embodiments the dsRNA is not encapsulated in the YP, optionally wherein the dsRNA is tank mixed with the YP before spraying.[000281] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the biopesticide is a commercial Bt product, such as DIPEL® or XENTARI® or BACTOSPEINE® ES, or BIOBIT® HP or FLORBAC® or COSTAR® WG or JAVELIN® WP or THURICIDE or TEKAR or BACTIMOS or VECTOLEX or NOVODOR or TRIDENT or LEPROTEC or any combinations thereof.[000282] Some embodiments of the disclosure provide the use of Bt Cry proteins. In some embodiments the biopesticide is a recombinant microorganism engineered to produce one or more recombinant proteins that target plant pests.[000283] In some embodiments, the recombinant microorganism is B. thuringiensis producing one or more recombinant Cry protein(s) that are activated in an insect gut. In some embodiments, the one or more Cry proteins include CrylF, Cryl Aa, Cryl Ab, and Cryl Ac. [000284] In some embodiments, the recombinant microorganism is B. thuringiensis producing one or more vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips). In some embodiments, the one or more Vips include Vipl, Vip2, and / or Vip3.[000285] In certain embodiments, the biopesticide comprises an isolated cellular component derived from a naturally occurring microorganism or a from a recombinant microorganism. In certain embodiments, the cellular component is a protein that targets a plant pest. In certain embodiments, the protein is activated in an insect gut. In one embodiment, the protein is a crystal protein. In some embodiments, the crystal protein belongs to a class of Cry proteins. In some embodiments the protein is a vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip).[000286] In some embodiments the pesticidal polynucleotide is an RNA. In certain embodiments the RNA is an dsRNA or a small interfering RNA (siRNA).[000287] In another aspect, the disclosure relates to a composition comprising a pesticidal polynucleotide and a biological adjuvant. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a biopesticide. In some embodiments, the biological adjuvant is a yeast particle, and the biopesticide is a Bt protein. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is encapsulated within a yeast particle, e.g., the hollow core of a yeast particle. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide is not encapsulated within a yeast particle.[000288] In one embodiment, a polynucleotide inhibits the expression of one or more genes essential for the growth and / or development of a plant pest.14282356vl 48 / 164[000289] Expression of a gene in a plant pest (e.g., cells of an insect), for example, is considered to be inhibited or reduced through contact with a polynucleotide if the level of mRNA and / or protein encoded by the gene is reduced in the cell by at least 10% relative to a control cell that has not been contacted with the polynucleotide. For example, delivering to a plant pest (e.g., contacting a plant pest) with pesticidal polynucleotide (e.g., dsRNA) targeting a target gene may result in a reduction e.g., by at least 10%) in the amount of RNA transcript and / or protein e.g., encoded by the target gene) compared to a cell that is not contacted with the polynucleotide.[000290] In certain embodiments, a target gene e.g., gene essential for the growth and / or development of a plant pest) is chosen from the group consisting of proteasome beta 5 (PSMB5) gene, vacuolar ATPase-E (vATPase-E) gene, calmodulin gene, inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene, a soluble NSF attachment (a-SNAP) gene, Ras opposite (ROP) gene, proteasome alpha Type-2 (PTSA2) gene, secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1 (SARI) gene, PBAN, ATPase, wings up A (wupA) (wupA encodes Troponin I), and CP4S3 DROME, C12C1 DROME, any of the genes disclosed in WO20212317912 (incorporated herein by reference), or any combinations thereof.[000291] In some embodiments, the target gene is IAP. In some embodiments, the target gene has the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises or consists of the nucleic acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-13.14282356vl 49 / 16414282356vl 50 / 16414282356vl 51 / 164[000292] The expression of genes essential for the growth and development of plant pests may be inhibited with post-transcriptional gene silencing. Gene silencing can be achieved, c.g, using antisense molecules or molecules that mediate RNA interference (RNAi).[000293] In an exemplary embodiment, an RNA that mediates RNAi is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) comprising a first strand that is complementary to a portion of a messenger RNA (mRNA) encoded by the one or more genes essential for the growth and / or development of a plant pest, and a second strand that is complementary to the first strand.[000294] dsRNA may comprise RNA strands that are the same length or different lengths. In some embodiments, a dsRNA comprises a first strand (e.g., an antisense strand) that is the same length as a second strand (e.g., a sense strand). In some embodiments, a dsRNA comprises a first strand (e.g., an antisense strand) that is a different length than a second strand (e.g., a sense strand). A first strand may be about 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or more than 20% longer than a second strand. A first strand may be 1-5, 2-5, 2-10, 5-10, 5-15, 10-20, 15-20, or more than 20 nucleotides longer than a second strand.[000295] dsRNA molecules can also be assembled from a single oligonucleotide in a stemloop structure, wherein self-complementary sense and antisense regions of the RNA molecule are linked by means of a nucleic acid based or non-nucleic acid-based linker(s), as well as circular single-stranded RNA having two or more loop structures and a stem comprising self- complementary sense and antisense strands, wherein the circular RNA can be processed either in vivo or in vitro to generate an active RNAi molecule capable of mediating RNAi. An RNAi molecule may comprise a 3' overhang at one end of the molecule, The other end may be blunt- ended or have also an overhang (5' or 3'). When the RNAi molecule comprises an overhang at both ends of the molecule, the length of the overhangs may be the same or different.[000296] Antisense polynucleotides are designed to specifically bind to RNA, resulting in the formation of RNA-DNA or RNA-RNA hybrids, with an arrest of reverse transcription or14282356vl 52 / 164messenger RNA translation. Antisense polynucleotides are typically generated within the cell by expression from antisense constructs that contain the antisense strand as the transcribed strand. Antisense polynucleotides will bind and / or interfere with the translation of the corresponding mRNA. Antisense RNA or antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (antisense ODNs) can both be used and may also be prepared in vitro synthetically or by means of recombinant DNA techniques. In order to avoid their digestion by DNase, ODNs and antisense RNAs may be chemically modified. Trans-cleaving catalytic RNAs (ribozymes) are RNA molecules possessing endoribonuclease activity. Ribozymes are specifically designed for a particular target, and the target message must contain a specific nucleotide sequence. They are engineered to cleave any RNA species site-specifically in the background of cellular RNA. The cleavage event renders the mRNA unstable and prevents protein expression.[000297] Pesticidal polynucleotides (e.g., dsRNA) as provided herein may vary in length. It should be understood that, in some embodiments, while a long RNA (e.g., dsRNA or ssRNA) molecule is applied (e.g., to a plant) as the pesticide, after entering cells this dsRNA is cleaved by the Dicer enzyme into shorter double-stranded RNA fragments having a length of, for example, 15 to 25 nucleotides. Thus, pesticidal polynucleotides (e.g., dsRNA) of the present disclosure may be delivered as 15 to 25 nucleotide fragments, for example, or they may be delivered as longer double-stranded nucleic acids (e.g., at least 100 nucleotides).[000298] Thus, in some embodiments, pesticidal polynucleotides (e.g., dsRNA) comprise 15-2000 nucleotides (ssRNA) or nucleotide base pairs (dsRNA). For example, a pesticidal polynucleotide of the present disclosure may comprise 15-1000, 15-950, 15-900, 15-850, 15- 800, 15-750, 15-700, 15-650, 15-600, 15-500, 15-450, 15-400, 15-350, 15-300, 15-250, 15-200, 15-150, 15-100, 15-50, 19-1000, 18-950, 18-900, 18-850, 18-800, 18-750, 18-700, 18-650, 18- 600, 18-500, 18-450, 18-400, 18-350, 18-300, 18-250, 18-200, 18-180, 18-100, 18-50, 19-1000,19-950, 19-900, 19-850, 19-800, 19-750, 19-700, 19-650, 19-600, 19-500, 19-450, 19-400, 19- 350, 19-300, 19-250, 19-200, 19-190, 19-100, 19-50, 20-1000, 20-950, 20-900, 20-850, 20-800,20-750, 20-700, 20-650, 20-600, 20-500, 20-450, 20-400, 20-350, 20-300, 20-250, 20-200, 20- 200, 20-100, 20-50, 15211000, 21-950, 21-900, 21-850, 21-800, 21-750, 21-700, 21-650, 21- 600, 21-500, 21-450, 21-400, 21-350, 21-300, 21-250, 21-210, 21-210, 21-100, 21-50, 22-1000,22-950, 22-900, 22-850, 22-800, 22-750, 22-700, 22-650, 22-600, 22-500, 22-450, 22-400, 22- 350, 22-300, 22-250, 22-220, 22-220, 22-100, 22-50, 23-1000, 23-950, 23-900, 23-850, 23-800,23-750, 23-700, 23-650, 23-600, 23-500, 23-450, 23-400, 23-350, 23-300, 23-250, 23-230, 23- 230, 23-100, 23-50, 24-1000, 24-950, 24-900, 24-850, 24-800, 24-750, 24-700, 24-650, 24-600,24-500, 24-450, 24-400, 24-350, 24-300, 24-250, 24-240, 24-240, 24-100, 24-50, 25-1000, 25- 950, 25-900, 25-850, 25-800, 25-750, 25-700, 25-650, 25-600, 25-500, 25-450, 25-400, 25-350,14282356vl 53 / 16425-300, 25-250, 25-250, 25-250, 25-100, or 25-50 nucleotides or nucleotide base pairs. In some embodiments, pesticidal polynucleotides comprise or consist of at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 25, at least 50, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 nucleotides or nucleotide base pairs.[000299] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the composition comprises a ribonucleic acid (RNA) and a YP, and optionally a Bt product. In some embodiments the RNA is encapsulated in YPs.[000300] Methods to encapsulate polynucleotides (e.g., RNA) in YPs are known in the art (disclosed in US Patent Nos. 8,007,814 and 9,682,135, each of which isre incorporated herein by reference. Negatively charged nucleic acids can be encapsulated within YPs with the aid of cationic polymers and / or cationic lipids and / or other organic or inorganic carriers. In some embodiments, the cationic polymer is polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly-L-lysine (PLL). In some embodiments, Complex Core A (CCA) is used to encapsulate nucleic acids within YPs. In some embodiments the composition further comprises one or more nuclease inhibitors. In some embodiments the one or more nuclease inhibitors is selected from the group consisting of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), sodium hexametaphosphate (SUMP), and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP).[000301] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a chemical pesticide. A chemical pesticide is typically a small molecule (e.g., an organic small molecule) having a molecular weight of less than 1000 Daltons.[000302] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28). The ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28) may comprise a diamide selected from the group consisting of chlorantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, broflanilide, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, or flubendiamide.[000303] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15). The inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15) may comprise a benzoylurea selected from the group consisting of bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, and triflumuron.[000304] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5). The nACHR allosteric modulator-site 1 molecule may be a spinosyn. In some embodiments, a spinosyn is spinetoram or spinosad.[000305] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4). The nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4) may be a neonicotinoid. In some14282356vl 54 / 164embodiments, a neonicotinoid is selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam.[000306] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3). The sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3) may be a pyrethroid or a pyrethrin. In some embodiments, the pyrethroid or pyrethrin is selected from the group consisting of acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S- cyclopentenyl, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, P-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda- cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, P-cypermethrin, theta- cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(lR)-trans- isomers], del tarn ethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, kadethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), halfenprox, phenothrin [(1R)- trans- isomer], prallethrin, resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers], tralomethrin, transfluthrin, and permethrin.[000307] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitor (IRAC Class 1). In some embodiments, the pesticide is a carbamate, optionally Alanycarb, Aldicarb, Bendiocaro, Benfuracarb, Butocarboxim, Butoxycarboxim, Carbaryl, Carbofuran, Carbosulfan, Ethiofencarb, Fenobucarb, Formetanate, Furathiocarb, Isoprocarb, Methiocarb, Methomyl, Metolcarb, Oxamyl, Pirimicarb, Propoxur, Thiodicarb, Thiofanox, Triazamate, Trimethacarb, XMC, or Xylylcarb. In some embodiments, the pesticide is an organophosphate, optionally wherein the organophosphate is selected from the group consisting of: acephate; formothion; azamethiphos; azinphos-ethyl; azinphosm ethyl; chlorpyrifos; chlorfenvinphos; cyanophos; danifos; fensulfothion; tribufos; 0,0-diethyl 0- [6-methyl-2 (1 -methylethyl) -4- pyrimidinyl] phosphorothioate; 0,0-diethyl O- (2-iso- propyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) phosphorothioate; dicrotophos; dimethoate; dioxathion; disulfoton; endothion; ethion; fenitrothion; ethoprop; chlorethoxyfos; iprobenfos; isazofos; is- ofenphos; isoxathion; vamidothion; S- [2- (ethyl - sul inyl) -1 -methyl ethyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorothioate; me- thidathion; methyl parathion; alpha isomer of 2-carbometh- oxy-l-methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate; beta isomer of 2-carbo- methoxy- 1 methylvinyl dimethyl phosphate; morphothion; naled; fenamiphos; fosmethilan; malathion; pyridaphenthion; omethoate; parathion; phencapton; phenthoate; phorate; phosalone; phosmet; phosnichlor; phosphamidon; leptophos; phoxim; pirimiphos- methyl; pirimiphos-ethyl; profenofos; prothidathion; pro- thoate; piperophos; tolclofos-me hyl; ronnel; cadusafos; so- phamide; demeton, demeton I (thiono isomer); demeton II (thiolo isomer); oxydemeton-methyl; cyanthoate; tebupirimfos; terbufos; tetra chlorvinphos; thiometon; prothiofos; diali- fos; trichlorfon; and combinations thereof.14282356vl 55 / 164[000308] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a GABA-gated chloride channel blocker (IRAC Class 2). In some embodiments, the pesticide is a cyclodiene organochlorine, optionally chlordane or endosulfan. In some embodiments, the pesticide is a fiprole, optionally ethiprole or fipronil.[000309] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a glutamic-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 6). In some embodiments, the pesticide is an avermectin, optionally Abamectin, Emamectin benzoate, Lepimectin, or Milbemectin.[000310] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a juvenile hormone receptor modulator (IRAC Class 7). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Hydroprene, Kinoprene, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb, or Pyriproxyfen.[000311] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitor (IRAC Class 8). In some embodiments, the pesticide is an alkyl halide, chloropicrin, fluoride (e.g., Cryolite, Sulfuryl fluoride), borate (e.g., Borax, Boric acid, Disodium octaborate, Sodium borate), tartar emetic, or methyl isothiocyanate generator.[000312] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator (IRAC Class 9). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Pymetrozine, Pyrifluquinazon, or Afidopyropen.[000313] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mite growth inhibitor affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 10). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Clofentezine, Diflovidazin, Hexythiazox, or Etoxazole.[000314] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase (IRAC Class 12). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Diafenthiuron, Azocyclotin, Cyhexatin, Fenbutatin oxide, Propargite, or Tetradifon.[000315] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient (IRAC Class 13). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Chlorfenapyr, dinitrophenol (e.g. DNOC), or Sulfluramid.[000316] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) channel blocker (IRAC Class 14). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Bensultap, Cartap hydrochloride, Thiocyclam, or Thiosultap-sodium.[000317] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (IRAC Class 16). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Buprofezin.[000318] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a molting disruptor dipteran (IRAC Class 17). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Cyromazine.14282356vl 56 / 164[000319] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an ecdysone receptor agonist (IRAC Class 18). In some embodiments, the pesticide is a diacylhydrazine, optionally Chromafenozide, Halofenozide, Methoxyfenozide, or Tebufenozide.[000320] In some embodiments, the pesticide is and octopamine receptor agonist (IRAC Class 19). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Amitraz.[000321] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QO site (IRAC Class 20). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Hydramethylnon, Acequinocyl, Fluacrypyrim, or Bifenazate.[000322] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 21). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Fenazaquin, Fenpyroximate, Pyrimidifen, Pyridaben, Tebufenpyrad, Rotenone, or Tolfenpyrad.[000323] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker (IRAC Class 22). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Indoxacarb or Metaflumizone. [000324] In some embodiments, the pesticide is an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (IRAC Class 23). In some embodiments, the pesticide is a tetronic derivative, optionally Spirodiclofen, Spiromesifen, Spiropidion, Spirotetramat, or Spidoxamat.[000325] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 24). In some embodiments, the pesticide is a phosphide or a cyanide.[000326] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mitochondrial transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 25). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Cyenopyrafen, Cyflumetofen, or Pyflubumide. [000327] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitor (IRAC Class 29). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Flonicamid.[000328] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 30). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Broflanilide, Fluxametamide, or Isocycloseram.[000329] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NACHR) allosteric modulator - site II (IRAC Class 32).[000330] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a calcium-activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulator (IRAC Class 33). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Acynonpyr.[000331] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QI site (IRAC Class 34). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Flometoquin. [000332] In some embodiments, the pesticide is a chordotonal organ modulator - undefined target site (IRAC Class 36). In some embodiments, the pesticide is Dimpropyridaz.14282356vl 57 / 164Yeast Particles and Polysaccharides for use in a Composition[000333] In some embodiments, the biological adjuvant comprises yeast particles (YPs) (e.g., yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components).[000334] Yeast particles (YPs) are generally about 3-5 pm, 2-6 pm, 4-6 pm, or 3-7 pm in size. In some embodiments, yeast particles are about 3-5 pm, 2-6 pm, 4-6 pm, or 3-7 pm in diameter. In some embodiments, yeast particles are about 2 pm, 3 pm, 4 pm, 5 pm, 6 pm, 7 pm, or 8 pm in diameter. In some embodiments, yeast particles comprise yeast cell wall components and generate hollow and porous microspheres. Yeast particles, in some embodiments, comprise yeast cell wall components and can be generated from intact yeast. Yeast particles comprise P- glucans and / or mannan-oligosaccharides, among other structural elements (e.g., mannoproteins, chitin, and / or lipids). In some embodiments the yeast cell walls have been fragmented through a bead milling process (for example, using ceramic beads less than 1.5 mm in diameter). The milling process serves to deagglomerate clumps of yeast cell walls resulting from the autolyzing process used on yeast cells to separate the insoluble yeast cell walls from the soluble yeast extract. The bead milling process also fragments the cell walls increasing the amount of fine particles smaller than an intact yeast cell or yeast cell wall prior to bead milling. Fragmented yeast cell walls may have improved suspensibility compared to intact yeast cell walls and generally have more surface area than intact yeast cell walls, increasing the bioavailability of P- 1,3-1, 6 glucans within the cell walls. Multiple rounds of milling may be used to increase the fine particle fraction in the particle size distribution of the fragmented yeast cell walls.[000335] In some embodiments, more than half of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter. Particle size may be measured by any means known in the art, for example, using a Particle Size Analyzer such as those available from Malvern Panalytical) In some embodiments, more than 55% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 60% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 65% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 70% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 75% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 5 pm in diameter.[000336] In some embodiments, more than half of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 4 pm in diameter. In some embodiments, more than 55% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than14282356vl 58 / 164about 4 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 60% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 4 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 65% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 4 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 70% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 4 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 75% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 4 pm in diameter.[000337] In some embodiments, more than half of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter. In some embodiments, more than 55% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 60% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 65% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 70% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 75% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size less than about 3 pm in diameter.[000338] In some embodiments more than half of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 55% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 60% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 65% of the fragmented yeast cells walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 70% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter. In some embodiments more than 75% of the fragmented yeast cell walls in the composition have a particle size of about 3-5 pm in diameter.[000339] In some embodiments, more than half of the fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling. In some embodiments, more than 55% of the fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling. In some embodiments, more than 60% of the fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling. In some embodiments, more than 65% of the fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling. In some embodiments, more than 70% of the14282356vl 59 / 164fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling. In some embodiments, more than 75% of the fragmented yeast cell walls have a particle size less than the average particle size of an intact yeast cell wall before bead milling.[000340] The beta-glucans found in yeast particles can include (but are not limited to) P-1,3 branched glucans, P-1,6 branched glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 branched glucans. P-1,3 branched glucans are typically the most common beta-glucan within yeast particles.[000341] In some embodiments, the P-glucans present within a yeast particle comprises P- 1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 glucans. In some embodiments, the P-glucans present within a yeast particle comprises P-1,3 branched glucans, P-1,6 branched glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 branched glucans. In some embodiments, P-glucans are linear polysaccharides (unbranched polysaccharides). In some embodiments, P-glucans can form random coil, single helical, triple helical or parallel fiber aggregates. In some embodiments, yeast particles further comprise chitin (N-acylated poly-glucosamine).[000342] In some embodiments, the dry weight of mannan-oligosaccharides in a yeast particle is about 10-60%, 20-50%, 20-60%, 30-50%, 30-60%, 25-50%, 40-60%, or 15-45% of the total dry weight. In some embodiments, the dry weight of mannan-oligosaccharides in a yeast particle is about 10%, about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, or about 60% of the total dry weight. In some embodiments, the dry weight of beta-glucans in a yeast particle is about 20- 80%, 30-60%, 30-70%, 30-50%, 25-55%, 30-70%, or 40-70% of the total dry weight. In some embodiments, the dry weight of beta-glucans in a yeast particle is about 20%, about 30%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, or about 70% of the total dry weight.[000343] Yeast particles may include intact yeast cell walls, partially intact yeast cell walls, or fragmented cell walls. The extent of fragmentation of cell walls within yeast particles may depend on the method of producing the yeast particles themselves.[000344] Yeast particles are not the same as yeast extract. The yeast particles for use in the disclosure do not include yeast extract (or consist of yeast extract). Yeast extract generally consists of the soluble interior contents of a yeast cell (e.g., yeast proteins, cytoplasm, yeast nucleic acids) (i.e., without the yeast cell wall components). In some embodiments, a yeast extract does not include yeast cell wall components.[000345] Yeast particles may be obtained, for example, as a by-product of some food grade Baker’s yeast (z.e., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) extract manufacturing processes. Yeast particles can be obtained from various sources, for example, Biorigin and LeSaffre. Yeast particless can also be prepared by extraction of yeast cells. Methods of preparing extracted yeast cell wall particles are known in the art, and are described, for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,992,540,14282356vl 60 / 1645,082,936, 5,028,703, 5,032,401, 5,322,841, 5,401,727, 5,504,079, 5,968,811, 6,444,448, 6,476,003, published U.S. applications US 2003 / 0216346 Al, US 2004 / 0014715 Al, and PCT published application WO 02 / 12348 A2, which are incorporated herein by reference. Yeast particles can, in some embodiments, be generated using any one of the yeast particle preparation methodologies detailed in Example 1.[000346] Yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components may be prepared from yeast cells by the extraction and purification of the insoluble particulate fraction from the soluble components of the yeast cell. The fungal cell walls can be produced from the insoluble byproduct of yeast extract manufacture. Further, the yeast cells can be treated with an aqueous hydroxide solution, without disrupting the yeast cell walls, which digests the protein and intracellular portion of the cell, leaving the yeast cell wall component devoid of significant protein contamination, and having substantially the unaltered cell wall structure of P(1 -6) and P(1 -3) linked glucans. In some embodiments, the process of preparing yeast particles of the disclosure is as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,810,646; U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,594; U.S. Pat. No. 5,401 ,727; or U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,677, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. In some embodiments, the process of preparing yeast particles of the disclosure involves a method of preparing yeast glucan particles by alkali extraction, acid extraction and then extraction with an organic solvent and finally drying.[000347] In some embodiments, yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components are prepared using shear force methodologies. In some embodiments, yeast particles are prepared using ball or bead mills which function to agitate yeast cells in suspension with small abrasive particles (e.g., glass or ceramic beads). In some embodiments, yeast particles are prepared using sonication. The yeast cells are lysed and / or disrupted resulting from shear forces, grinding between beads, and collisions with the beads.[000348] In some embodiments, glass or ceramic beads are 0.10-2 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, glass or ceramic beads are 0.1-1 mm, 0.2-2 mm, 0.3-1 mm, 0.3-0.8 mm, 0.5-1 mm, or 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter. In some embodiments, glass or ceramic beads are 0.65 mm ceramic beads.[000349] In certain embodiments, YPs comprise yeast cell wall particles (YCWP), yeast glucan particles (YGPs), yeast glucan mannan particles (YGMP), yeast chitin particles (YCPs), yeast glucan chitin particles (YGCPs), yeast glucan lipid particles (YGLPs), or whole glucan particles (WGPs).[000350] In some embodiments, a yeast particle is 2-10, 2-5, 2-6, 3-10, 3-5, or 3-7 microns in diameter. In some embodiments, a yeast particle is less than 10, less than 9, less than 8, less14282356vl 61 / 164than 7, less than 6, less than 5, or less than 4 microns in diameter. In some embodiments, a yeast particle is about 10, about 9, about 8, about 7, about 6, about 5, or about 4 microns in diameter. [000351] A yeast cell wall particle (YCWP) may be an extracted YCWP. In some embodiments, a YCWP is as described in Figueiredo etal., “Yeast cell wall particles: a promising class of nature-inspired microcarriers for multimodal imaging,” Chem. Commun., 2011,47, 10635-10637, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.[000352] Yeast glucan particles (GPs) are generally yeast particles that have higher amounts or concentrations of beta-glucans relative to other yeast particles. In some embodiments, a GP can be derived from the cell walls of Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast glucan mannan particles (YGMP) are yeast particles that include beta-glucans and mannan-oligosaccharides. Yeast chitin particles (YCPs) are yeast particles that have higher amounts or concentrations of chitin relative to other yeast particles. Yeast glucan chitin particles (YGCPs) are yeast particles that include beta-glucans and chitin. Yeast glucan lipid particles (YGLPs) are yeast particles that include beta-glucans and lipids (e.g., phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidic acid (PA), and / or cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG)).[000353] In some embodiments of this disclosure, YPs are commercially available YPs. Commercially available YPs can be derived from Baker's yeast, lactic yeasts, and brewer’ s / distiller’s yeast sources.[000354] In some embodiments the YPs comprise mixtures made up of insoluble P-glucans (e.g., >20-30%) and mannan-oligosaccharides (e.g., >18 %) and lipids (e.g., ~2%) as well as other insoluble yeast components.[000355] In certain embodiments of the invention, the biological adjuvant comprises polysaccharides selected from the group consisting of P-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and laminarin. In some embodiments, the polysaccharides are derived from a yeast source. In other embodiments, the polysaccharides are derived from sources other than yeast. Such polysaccharides can be chemically produced or derived from bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, or plants. For example, P-glucans of use as a biological adjuvant of the present invention can be from the cell wall or capsule of bacteria, fungi, algae (e.g., Euglena gracilis), lichens, or plants. The beta-glucans for use in the disclosure include (but are not limited to) P-1,3 glucans, P-1,6 glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 glucans. In some embodiments, the P-glucans are P-1,3 branched glucans, P-1,6 branched glucans, and / or P-1,3-1,6 branched glucans. In some embodiments, P- glucans are linear polysaccharides (unbranched polysaccharides). In some embodiments, P- glucans can form random coil, single helical, triple helical or parallel fiber aggregates.14282356vl 62 / 164[000356] In another embodiment, the polysaccharide is mannan-oligosaccharide, optionally wherein the source of the mannan-oligosaccharide is a plant. In another embodiment, the polysaccharide is laminarin, optionally derived from algae. In another embodiment, the polysaccharide comprises glucans derived from a plant, optionally barley or oats, and optionally is a cereal glucans (P 1,3 / 1,4 linked P glucan). In another embodiment the polysaccharide is derived from a fungus, optionally a mushroom.[000357] In certain embodiments the biological adjuvant comprises glucans selected from the group consisting of glucans with a n=2-15 P 1,3 oligosaccharide branch, P 1,3, 6 branched, and P 1,3 backbone.[000358] The one or more polysaccharides for use in a composition may be derived from a yeast. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides for use in a composition may be derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Baker's yeast, lactic yeasts, and brewer’ s / distiller’s yeast sources.[000359] The one or more polysaccharides for use in a composition may be derived from a source other than yeast. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides for use in a composition may be derived from a bacteria, fungi, algae, lichen, or plant. In some embodiments, the one or more polysaccharides for use in a composition may be derived from Euglena gracilis. [000360] In certain exemplary embodiments, the biological adjuvant present with the pesticidal polynucleotide comprises a polysaccharide derived from sources other than yeast, including, for example, bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, or plants. In some embodiments, the polysaccharide is P-glucans derived from the cell wall or capsule of bacteria, fungi, algae, lichens, or plants. In another embodiment the polysaccharide is mannan-oligosaccharide, optionally wherein the source of the mannan-oligosaccharide is a plant. In another embodiment the polysaccharide is laminarin, optionally derived from algae. In another embodiment the polysaccharide is a cereal glucans (P 1,3 / 1,4 linked P glucan). In certain embodiments the biological adjuvant is a long n=2-15 p 1,3 oligosaccharide branched glucans or a short P 1,3, 6 branched glucans.[000361] In some embodiments, yeast particles are formulated into complex core A. Complex core A generally comprises (i) yeast particles and (ii) a nuclease inhibitor. In some embodiments, complex core A comprises (i) polysaccharides selected from beta-glucans, mannan-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarin that form a spherical particle and (ii) a nuclease inhibitor. In some embodiments, a complex core A further comprises a cationic polymer. In some embodiments, a complex core A particle is 2-10, 2-5, 2-6, 3-10, 3-5, or 3-7 microns in diameter. In some embodiments, a nuclease inhibitor is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), polyvinylsulfonic acid (PVSA), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), sodium tripolyphosphate14282356vl 63 / 164(TPP), diethyl pyrocarbonate, aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), formamide, macaloid, proteinase K, heparin, hydroxylamine-oxygen-cupric ion, bentonite, ammonium sulfate, dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol, cysteine, dithioerythritol, or tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphene hydrochloride. A cationic polymer may be any polymer that is cationically (positively) charged. In some embodiments, a cationic polymer is a cationic polypeptide. In some embodiments, a cationic polymer is a polyethyleneimine (PEI) or a poly-L-lysine (PLL). In some embodiments, a cationic polymer is cationic gelatin, cationic chitosan, cationic cellulose, or cationic dextran. In some embodiments, a cationic polymer is a Poly(2-N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate) or a Poly(amidoamine).[000362] In some embodiments, complex core A encapsulating a pesticide (e.g., a pesticidal polynucleotide) is prepared by combining yeast particles of the disclosure, a nuclease inhibitor, and the pesticide; and incubating the mixture for a period of time (e.g., 10-60 minutes) [000363] In some embodiments, complex core A encapsulating a pesticide (e.g., a pesticidal polynucleotide) is prepared by first sterilizing and homogenizing yeast (e.g., using bead mill processes or sonication for 1-10, 5-10, or 4-6 minutes). In some embodiments, a maltodextrin solution is then added to the homogenized yeast and vortexed to create a homogenous maltodextrin- YP suspension. In some embodiments, to synthesize YP-EDTA for dsRNA trapping, a 500 mg / mL EDTA tetrasodium salt solution in RNAase free water is added to sterile maltodextrin-YP particles (SHMP can be substituted for EDTA). The material may be mixed and incubated at room temperature for 30 minutes. A volume of strong acid (e.g., 3M sulfuric acid) may then be added to the incubated particles and mixed followed by a one-hour incubation. The material may be washed (e.g., with water) to remove excess acid and EDTA followed by resuspension (e.g., via polytron dispersion unit). Resuspended samples may be centrifuged for one hour and ultimately frozen.[000364] In some embodiments, to encapsulate dsRNA with polymer formulations, YP- EDTA particles are combined with a volume of dsRNA (volume varies based on dsRNA concentration). Material may be mixed, frozen in liquid nitrogen and lyophilized. This step may be repeated until desired dsRNA concentration has been reached. A volume of polymeric trapping agent (e.g., cationic polymer) may be added to encapsulated dsRNA- YP partices and mixed.[000365] In some embodiments, yeast particles (e.g., comprising yeast cell wall components) is prepared by combining whole yeast with an anti-caking mixture (e.g., an emulsifiable oil mixture comprising methyl oleate, castor oil ethoxylate, and calcium dodecylbenzene sulfonate) an antifoam agent, and water in a vessel for homogenization. A bead milling protocol may then be initiated by adding ceramic beads (e.g. 0.65 mm ceramic beads) to14282356vl 64 / 164the vessel and circulating the beads until yeast particles of a desired size are formed (e.g., by shear forces). A desired size of the yeast particles may be less than 5 microns in diameter.Methods[000366] Aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods for controlling pest (e.g., insect or fungal pathogen) infestation comprising delivering to a plant or pest, a composition as described herein.[000367] Aspects of the present disclosure, in some embodiments, provide methods for controlling a plant pest infestation comprising delivering to a plant or plant pest an effective amount of a composition described herein. In some embodiments, the method of delivery comprises applying to a surface of a plant or plant pest, a composition described herein. In some embodiments, a composition is a solid or liquid (e.g., solution, suspension, or emulsions). Non limiting examples include emulsifiable concentrates, concentrate solutions, low concentrate solutions, ultra-low volume concentrate solutions, water soluble concentrate solutions, water soluble liquid solutions, baits (paste, gel, liquid, solid or injectable), smoke, fog, invert emulsions, flowables, aerosols, homogenous and non-homogenous mixtures, suspensions (water and oil based), dust, powders (wettable or soluble), granules (water-dispersible or dry flowables), pellets, capsules, fumigants, encapsulated or micro-encapsulation formulations, or any combinations thereof.[000368] In some embodiments, a compositing may be applied as a concentrate, spray (after dilution or concentrate), fog, in furrow, seed treatment, drench, drip, insect diet, bait, or any other forms suited for applying to a furrow. The composition described herein may be delivered to any portion of a plant, including, but are not limited to, leaf, stem, flower, fruit, shoot, root, seed, tuber, anther, stamen, and / or pollen. In some embodiments, a composition is delivered mechanically, through high pressure spray or sand blasting. In some embodiments, a composition comprises at least one additive selected from adjuvants, attractants, sterilizing agents, growth-regulating substances, carriers or diluents, and / or stabilizers. Non-pesticidal agents may also be used (e.g. adjuvants, such as antifoaming agents, buffers, compatibility agents, drift control additives, emulsifiers, extenders, invert emulsifiers, plant penetrants, safeners, spreaders, stickers, surfactants, thickeners, and wetting agents).[000369] In some embodiments, a composition described herein is supplied in the diet of an insect. For example, a composition may be applied topically to a plant, or seeds (e.g. via soaking, coating, dusting or spraying). In some embodiments, a composition comprising yeast particles or polysaccharide are delivered to cells of a transgenic plant that may be engineered to express a biopesticide. Compositions may also be supplied in another food or water source.14282356vl 65 / 164[000370] Delivering to a plant (e.g., a part of a plant) and / or plant pest of a composition may include, for example, applying (e.g., soaking, coating, or dusting) the composition topically to any portion of a plant e.g., roots, tubers, stem, branches, leaves, flower, etc), ground e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.), insect and / or diet of the insect.[000371] An effective amount of a pesticide in a composition is the amount of pesticide required to confer a beneficial effect on infestation e.g. death, cessation of feeding, inhibition of growth, development or reproduction) by a plant pest, either alone or in combination with one or more other additives. Beneficial effects include a reduction in infestation, for example, by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90%, relative to a control. In some embodiments, the control is the absence of the yeast particles or polysaccharides. In some embodiments, the control is the absence of the pesticide, and yeast particles or polysaccharides. In some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide completely eliminates pest infestation of a plant.[000372] In some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide in a composition is expressed as micrograms (pg) of pesticide per centimeter squared (cm2) of a surface of a plant or ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.), i.e., pg / cm2. Thus, in some embodiments, an effective amount comprises 0.001 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2. In some embodiments, an effective amount comprises 0.001 pg / cm2to 9 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 8 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 7 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 6 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 5 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 4 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 3 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 2 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 1 pg / cm2, 0.001 pg / cm2to 0.1 pg / cm2, or 0.001 pg / cm2to 0.01 pg / cm2. In some embodiments, an effective amount comprises 0.01 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 0.1 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 1 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 2 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 3 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 4 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 5 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 6 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 7 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, 8 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2, or 9 pg / cm2to 10 pg / cm2.[000373] In some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide in a composition is expressed as grams (g) of pesticide per acre (ac.) of a surface of a plant or ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.), i.e., g / ac. Thus, in some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide comprises 0.01 g / ac. to 100 g / ac. In some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide comprises 0.01 g / ac. to 90 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 80 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 70 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 60 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 50 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 40 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 30 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 20 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 10 g / ac., 0.01 g / ac. to 1 g / ac., or 0.01 g / ac. to 0.1 g / ac. In some embodiments, an effective amount of a pesticide comprises 0.1 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 1 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 10 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 20 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 30 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 40 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 50 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 60 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 70 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., 80 g / ac. to 100 g / ac., or 90 g / ac. to 100 g / ac.14282356vl 66 / 164[000374] In some embodiments, the effectiveness of a composition to control plant pests can be determined using the ability of the composition to kill or cause death of a plant pest or population of plant pests. The rate of death in a population of plant pests may be determined by percent mortality (e.g., percent mortality over time). Generally, percent mortality of a population of plant pests reflects the percentage of plant pests in said population that have died as a result of the composition (e.g., 75% mortality indicates that a composition has killed 75% of the total population). In some embodiments, percent mortality is measured over time (e.g., over the course of a multi-day exposure of insects to a composition). In some embodiments, percent mortality is measured after at least 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20 days of exposure. In some embodiments, a composition causes a percent mortality of at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% of a plant pest population. In some embodiments, at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% of a plant pest population are killed by a composition. In some embodiments, percent mortality of a composition is compared to a control (e.g., a control molecule or untreated conditions). In some embodiments, percent mortality of a composition is at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, 120%, 150%, or 200% higher than a control (e.g., a control molecule or untreated conditions).[000375] In some embodiments, the effectiveness of a composition to control plant pests can be determined using the ability of the composition to limit the leaf disc consumption of a plant pests or a population of plant pests. Leaf disc consumption refers to the amount (e.g., percentage) of plant material (e.g., an eggplant leaf) that is consumed or eaten by plant pests. In some embodiments, a composition causes at least a 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% decrease in the leaf disc consumption by a plant pest or population of plant pests. In some embodiments, the ability of a composition to decrease leaf disc consumption is compared relative to a control (e.g., a control molecule or untreated conditions). In some embodiments, leaf disc consumption is measured over time (e.g., over the course of a multi-day exposure of plant pests to a composition). In some embodiments, leaf disc consumption is measured after 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more days of exposure.[000376] In some embodiments, the effectiveness of a composition to control plant pests can be determined using the ability of the RNAi molecule to decrease percent plant defoliation by a plant pest or an plant pest population. Percent plant defoliation refers to the percentage of plant material (e.g., an eggplant leaf) that is destroyed (e.g., consumed) by an plant pest or population of plant pests. In some embodiments, a composition causes at least a 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, or 100% decrease in the percent plant defoliation by an plant pest or population of plant pests. In some embodiments, a composition causes percent plant defoliation to decrease below 40%, 30, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3%, or 1%. In14282356vl 67 / 164some embodiments, percent plant defoliation remains below 40%, 30, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, 3%, or 1% for at least 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, or 20 days following exposure of plant pests to a composition. In some embodiments, the ability of a composition to decrease percent plant defoliation is compared relative to a control (e.g., a control molecule or untreated conditions). In some embodiments, percent plant defoliation is measured over time (e.g., over the course of a multi-day exposure of plant pests to a composition). In some embodiments, percent plant defoliation is measured after 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more days of exposure.[000377] In some embodiments, a composition may be formulated in a solution (e.g., that is applied to a surface of the plant pest and / or diet (e.g., food and / or water ingested), a plant or ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.)). In some embodiments, the effective amount of the RNAi molecule in the solution is expressed as nanograms (ng) or micrograms (pg) of RNAi molecule per milliliter (ml) of the solution, z.e., ng / ml. Thus, in some embodiments, a solution comprises a composition at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml. In some embodiments, a solution comprises a composition at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 100 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 250 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 750 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 1000 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 10 pg / ml to 100 pg / ml, 25 pg / ml to 100 pg / ml, 50 pg / ml to 100 pg / ml, or 75 pg / ml to 100 pg / ml. In some embodiments, a solution comprises a composition at a concentration of 10 ng / ml to 100 pg / ml, 10 ng / ml to 75 pg / ml, 10 ng / ml to 50 pg / ml, 10 ng / ml to 25 pg / ml, 10 ng / ml to 10 pg / ml, 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 1000 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 750 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 500 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 250 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 100 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 75 ng / ml, 10 ng / ml to 50 ng / ml, or 10 ng / ml to 25 ng / ml.[000378] A solution, in some embodiments, comprises a composition and at least one additional additive (e.g., a pesticide, surfactant or other non-pesticidal agent). In some embodiments, such a mixture comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.0001 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml (e.g., that is applied to a surface of a plant and / or ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.)). In some embodiments, such a mixture comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.001 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 0.01 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 0.1 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 1 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 2 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 3 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 4 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 5 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 6 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 7 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 8 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, or 9 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml. In some embodiments, such a mixture comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.0001 pg / ml to 9 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 8 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 7 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 6 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 5 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 4 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 3 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 2 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 1 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 0.1 pg / ml, 0.0001 pg / ml to 0.01 pg / ml, or 0.0001 pg / ml to 0.001 pg / ml.[000379] In some embodiments, a composition is provided in a diet of an plant pest. Thus, in some embodiments, an effective amount of a composition is expressed as micrograms (pg) of14282356vl 68 / 164RNAi molecule per milliliter (ml) of the diet of the plant pest, i.e., pg / ml. In some embodiments, the diet of an plant pest comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.001 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml. In some embodiments, the diet of an plant pest comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.001 pg / ml to 9 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 8 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 7 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 6 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 5 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 4 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 3 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 2 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 1 pg / ml, 0.001 pg / ml to 0.1 pg / ml, or 0.001 pg / ml to 0.01 pg / ml. In some embodiments, the diet of an plant pest comprises a composition at a concentration of 0.01 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 0.1 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 1 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 2 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 3 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 4 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 5 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 6 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 7 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, 8 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml, or 9 pg / ml to 10 pg / ml.[000380] The step of delivering to any portion of a plant (e.g., roots, tubers, stem, branches, leaves, flower, etc), ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.), plant pest and / or diet of the plant pest with a composition may include a single application (single contact) or multiple applications (multiple contacts) of the composition to the plant, ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.), plant pest and / or diet of the plant pest. Delivery to a portion of a plant, plant pest and / or diet of the plant pest may be in the form of a spray (e.g., pressurized / aerosolized spray, pump) solid, (e.g. powder, pellet, bait), or liquid (e.g, homogeneous mixtures such as solutions and non- homogeneous mixtures such as suspensions (water and oil based), colloids, micelles, and emulsions). The period of time of contact may vary. In some embodiments, delivering comprises an exposure of a composition with a portion of a plant and / or plant pest for a suitable period sufficient for reduction of growth, reproduction (e.g, fertility and / or fecundity), and / or feeding of the plant pest and / or death of the plant pest, if any.[000381] In some embodiments, delivery of a composition with a plant and / or plant pest is followed by ingestion and / or absorption of the composition by the plant and / or plant pest. In some embodiments, ingestion of the composition by the plant pest alters a biological function of the plant pest, thereby controlling infestation by the plant pest. Examples of altered biological function of the plant pest include, but are not limited to, reduced growth, reduced reproduction (e.g., fertility and / or fecundity), reduced feeding, decreased movement, decreased development, decreased cellular repair, and / or increased mortality.[000382] In some embodiments, delivering comprises applying a composition to a portion of the surface of a plant and / or a surface contacted by a plant pest (e.g., ground (e.g., soil, dirt, grass, etc.)). In some embodiments, applying a composition to a portion of a surface comprises spraying, coating, and / or dusting the surface or portion thereof. In some embodiments, applying a composition to a portion of a surface comprises ground drenching or applying the RNAi molecule as a granulated or powdered formulation to the soil adjacent to the roots of the plant .14282356vl 69 / 164[000383] A composition may be applied to any portion of a plant (e.g., roots, tubers, stem, branches, leaves, flower, etc). In some embodiments, the composition is contacted with an above-ground portion of a plant (e.g., a leaf) and / or with a below-ground portion of a plant (e.g., a root), which may include at least one in furrow formulation selected from the group consisting of a powder, granule, pellet, capsule, soluble liquid concentrate, spray(after dilution or concentrate), fog, in furrow, seed treatment, plant pest diet, bait, drench, drip irrigation, or any other forms suited for applying to a furrow. Portions of a plant that may be contacted with the composition described herein include, but are not limited to, leaf, stem, flower, fruit, shoot, root, seed, tuber, anther, stamen, or pollen. In some embodiments, a composition is delivered mechanically, through high pressure spray or sand blasting.[000384] In some embodiments, delivering comprises providing a composition for dietary uptake by the plant pest. In some embodiments, contacting comprises providing a composition that can be ingested or otherwise absorbed internally by the plant pest. In some embodiments, the composition is provided in a diet for dietary uptake by the plant pest. In some embodiments, the composition is provided in / on a plant or plant part, or topically applied to a plant or plant part (e.g., soaking, coating, dusting).[000385] In some embodiments, delivering a composition comprising a pesticidal polynucleotide to a plant pest inhibits expression of (reduces or inhibits expression of) an endogenous complementary nucleotide sequence (e.g., RNA sequence) in the plant pest. In some embodiments, the endogenous complementary nucleotide sequence is an endogenous IAP sequence.[000386] Consequences of inhibition by a pesticidal polynucleotide can be confirmed by any appropriate assay to evaluate one or more properties of a plant pest, or by biochemical techniques that evaluate molecules indicative of gene expression (e.g., RNA, protein). In some embodiments, the extent to which a composition comprising a pesticidal polynucleotide provided herein reduces levels of expression of target gene is evaluated by comparing expression levels (e.g., mRNA or protein levels of target gene to an appropriate control (e.g., a level of gene expression in a cell or population of cells to which a composition has not been delivered or to which a negative control has been delivered). In some embodiments, an appropriate control level of gene expression may be a predetermined level or value, such that a control level need not be measured every time. The predetermined level or value can take a variety of forms. In some embodiments, a predetermined level or value can be single cut-off value, such as a median or mean.[000387] In some embodiments, delivering a composition comprising a pesticidal polynucleotide as described herein results in a reduction in the level of gene expression in a cell14282356vl 70 / 164of an plant pest. In some embodiments, the reduction in levels of gene expression may be a reduction by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% relative to a control level. In some embodiments, the control level is a level of gene expression in a similar plant pest cell (or average level among a population of cells) not contacted with the composition comprising a pesticidal polynucleotide. In some embodiments, the control level is a level of gene expression in a similar plant pest cell (or average level among a population of cells) contacted with a composition targeting a gene not expressed by the plant pest cell, e.g., green fluorescent protein (GFP).[000388] In some embodiments, the effect of delivering to a cell or plant pest a composition is assessed after a finite period of time. For example, the effect may be determined in a cell or plant pest at least 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours, 24 hours; or at least one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, or fourteen days after delivering the composition to the cell or plant pest.[000389] In some embodiments, delivery of a composition as described herein results in a reduction in the level of growth, reproduction (e.g., fertility and / or fecundity), and / or feeding of an plant pest. In some embodiments, the reduction in levels of growth, reproduction (e.g., fertility and / or fecundity), and / or feeding may be a reduction by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% relative to a control level. In some embodiments, the control level is a level of growth, reproduction (e.g., fertility and / or fecundity), and / or feeding of a similar plant pest not contacted with the composition. In some embodiments, the control level is a level of growth, reproduction (e.g, fertility and / or fecundity), and / or feeding of a similar plant pest contacted with a composition targeting a gene not expressed by the plant pest cell, e.g, green fluorescent protein (GFP).[000390] In some embodiments, delivery of a composition as described herein results in an increase in mortality among a population of plant pests. In some embodiments, the increase in level of mortality may be an increase by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% relative to a control. In some embodiments, the control is mortality among a population of plant pests not contacted with the composition. In some embodiments, the control is among a population of plant pests contacted with a composition targeting a gene not expressed by the plant pest cell, e.g., green fluorescent protein (GFP).[000391] Aspects of the present disclosure provide transgenic plants that express a biopesticide as described herein. In some embodiments, delivery of yeast particles or14282356vl 71 / 164polysaccharides (e.g., beta-glucans, manna-oligosaccharides, and / or laminarins) increases the efficacy of the biopesticide expressed by the transgenic plant.[000392] In some embodiments, methods comprising delivering a composition comprising a biological adjuvant that enhances the efficacy of a biopesticide and / or a pesticidal polynucleotide. In some aspects and embodiments, the composition comprising the biological adjuvant further comprises the biopesticide and / or the pesticidal polynucleotide. For example, the composition may comprise a biopesticide, such as Bt or a Bt protein, along with a biological adjuvant, such as YP. In another example the composition comprises a pesticidal polynucleotide, such as a pesticidal dsRNA, along with a biological adjuvant, such as YP, optionally wherein the dsRNA is encapsulated within the YP. In another example, the dsRNA is not encapsulated within the YP. In some embodiments the YP are fragmented yeast cell walls. In some embodiments the fragmented yeast cell walls are tank mixed with the dsRNA or biopesticide before spraying onto a plant. In another example, the composition comprises a biopesticide, such as Bt, a pesticidal polynucleotide, such as a dsRNA, and a biological adjuvant, such as a YP, optionally wherein the dsRNA is encapsulated within the YP. Further embodiments include methods for controlling a pest infestation in a plant genetically modified to produce a biopesticide, such as a Bt protein, or engineered to produce a pesticidal polynucleotide, such as a siRNA, by delivering to such a plant a biological adjuvant, such as yeast particles, that enhances the efficacy of the biopesticide or the pesticidal polynucleotide expressed by the plant. In another example, the composition comprises a chemical pesticide and a biological adjuvant, such as YP, optionally YCWP, that enhances the efficacy of the chemical pesticide.[000393] In one aspect, a method for controlling a plant pest is provided, the method comprising delivering to plants or plant pests the composition of any one of the previous claims. [000394] In one embodiment of the method, the composition is delivered to plants through leaves, stem, flowers, seeds, roots, or soil.[000395] The plant may be any plant that is subject to infestation by a coleopteran, lepidopteran, hemipteran, or dipteran insect, or arachnid of the order acari or a nematode. In some embodiments, the plant is a Solanaceous plant (e.g., family Solanaceae). Examples of Solanaceous plants include, but are not limited to, potato plants (Solaium tuberosum), buffalo bur plants (Solarium rostratum), eggplant plants (Solarium melongena), tomato plants (Solarium lycopersicum), tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum), pepper plants (Capsicum annum), and woody nightshade plants (Solanum dulcamara).[000396] In some embodiments, the plant being treated is a plant Brassicaceae family. Examples of plants in the Brassicaceae family include, but are not limited to, many vegetables14282356vl 72 / 164such as cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, collard greens, Savoy, kohlrabi, and gai lan (Brassica oleracea), turnip, napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy and rapini (Brassica rapa), rocket salad / arugula (Eruca sativa), garden cress (Lepidium sativum), watercress (Nasturtium officinale) and radish (Raphanus) and a few spices, like horseradish (Armoracia ruslicana). Brassica oleracea, wasabi (Eutrema japonicum), white, Indian and black mustard (Sinapis alba, Brassica juncea, and B. nigra respectively).[000397] In some embodiments, the plant being treated is a plant of the Poaceae family. Examples of plants in the Poaceae family include, but are not limited to, corn, millet, oats, barley, rye, sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, and wild rice.[000398] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. Examples of plants in the Cucurbitaceae family include, but are not limited to, squashes and cucumber.[000399] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant Forbaceae family. Examples of plants in the Forbaceae family include, but are not limited to, Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpeas), Vicia faba (broad bean), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua (carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice).[000400] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant Apiaceae family. Examples of plants in the Apiaceae family include, but are not limited to many important vegetables, such as carrot (Daucus carota), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), and celery (Apium graveolens) as well as important medicinal plants, including ginseng (Angelica sinensis), Peucedanum praeruptorum, and Angelica dahurica.[000401] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant Poaceae family. Examples of plants in the Poaceae family include, but are not limited to, corn, millet, oats, barley, rye, sugarcane, wheat, sorghum, and wild rice.[000402] In some embodiments the plant is a plant of the Fagaceae family, Asteraceae family, Amaryllidaceae family, Amranthaceae, or Umbelliferae family.[000403] In some embodiments the plant is a plant of the Malvaceae family. Examples of plants in the Malvacae family include, but are not limited to, various species of cotton (e.g., Gossypium hirsute, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium arboretum, and Gossypium herbaceum). [000404] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Coffea family. Examples of Coffea include all species of coffee, including, but not limited to, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea eugenioides, and hybrids.[000405] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Rutacea family. Examples of Rutacea include, but are not limited to citrus plants (including but not limited to orange, lemon,14282356vl 73 / 164grapefruit, lime, calamansi, kumquat, and mandarin), white sapote, orangeberry, limeberry, bael, and curry tree.[000406] In some embodiments, the plant is a plant of the Rosaceae family. Examples of Rosaceae include, but are not limited to pomme plants, such as apple and pear.[000407] In some embodiments the plant is a stone fruit. Examples of stone fruit include, but are not limited to peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pluots, cherries, mangos, dates, blackberries, raspberries, and coconuts.[000408] In some embodiments the plant is a tropical fruit. Examples of tropical fruits include, but are not limited to, Anacardiaceae plants (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae plants (papaya), Passifloraceae plants (passion fruit), Lauraceae plants (avocado), Malphigiaceae plants (Acerola), Musaceae plants (banana) and Sapindaceae plants (rambutan, lychee, longan)), Vitaceae plants,[000409] In some embodiment the plant is a leafy vegetable.[000410] In some embodiments the plant is a fruiting vegetable.[000411] In some embodiments the plant may be Abelmoschus esculenlus. Abelmoschus manihot, Abutilon theophrasti, Acca sellowiana, Acer saccharum, Acmella oleracea, Actinidia arguta, Actinidia chinensis, Actinidia deliciosa, Actinidia kolomikta, Actinidia polygama, Adansonia digitata, Aeschynomene americana, Aframomum melegueta, Agave tequilana, Agropyron cristatum, Allium ampeloprasum, Allium cepa, Allium chinense, Allium fistulosum, Allium ledebourianum, Allium macrostemon, Allium ramosum, Allium sativum, Allium schoenoprasum, Allium scorodoprasum, Allium tuberosum, Alocasia cucullata, Alocasia macrorrhizos, Alpinia galanga, Alpinia globosa, Alpinia malaccensis, Alpinia officinarum, Amaranthus caudatus, Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus dubius, Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus tricolor, Amelanchier alnifolia, Amelanchier canadensis, Ammi majus, Amomum compactum, Amomum verum, Amorphophallus harmandii, Amorphophallus konjac, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Amphicarpaea bracteata, Anacardium occidentale, Ananas comosus, Ananas parguazensis, Anethum graveolens, Angelica archangelica, Angelica japonica, Annona cherimola, Annona macroprophyllata, Annona montana, Annona muricata, Annona purpurea, Annona reticulata, Annona scleroderma, Annona squamosa, Anredera baselloides, Anredera cordifolia, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Anthriscus cerefolium, Antidesma bunius, Apios americana, Apium carvi, Apium graveolens, Arachis glabrata, Arachis hypogaea, Arachis villosulicarpa, Aralia cordata, Archidendron bigeminum, Archidendron jiringa, Arctium lappa, Areca catechu, Arenga pinnata, Argania spinosa, Armoracia rusticana, Arracacia xanthorrhiza, Arrhenatherum elatius, Artocarpus altilis,14282356vl 74 / 164Artocarpus camansi, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integer, Artocarpus lacucha, Artocarpus rigidus, Asclepias syriaca, Asimina triloba, Asparagus officinalis, Atriplex hortensis, Avena abyssinica, Avena sativa, Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola, Baccaurea dulcis, Baccaurea motleyana, Baccaurea racemosa, Baccaurea ramijlora, Bactris gasipaes, Balanites aegyptiaca, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa horsfieldii, Bambusa odashimae, Bambusa vulgaris, Barbarea verna, Barbarea vulgaris, Barringtonia procera, Basella alba, Bassia indica, Bertholletia excelsa, Beta palonga, Beta vulgaris, Bixa orellana, Blighia sapida, Boesenbergia rotunda, Bomarea edulis, Borago officinalis, Bouea macrophylla, Bouteloua curtipendula, Brachiaria deflexa, Brasenia schreberi;, Brassica carinata, Brassica juncea, Brassica napus, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Brassica rapa, Bromelia pinguin, Bromus catharticus, Bromus mango, Bromus marginatus, Bromus secalinus, Brosimum alicastrum, Broussonetia luzonica, Bunchosia armeniaca, Bunchosia costaricensis, Bunium bulbocastanum, Cajanus cajan, Calathea allouia, Calystegia sepium, Camellia japonica, Camellia sinensis, Campanula rapunculus, Campomanesia guaviroba, Campomanesia lineatifolia, Canarium album, Canarium indicum, Canarium ovatum, Canavalia cathartica, Canavalia ensiformis, Canavalia gladiata, Canavalia plagiosperma, Canna indica, Cannabis sativa, Capparis spinosa, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum chinense, Capsicum pubescens, Cardiocrinum cordatum, Carica papaya, Carica pentagona, Carissa macrocarpa, Carthamus tinctorius, Carum carvi, Carum roxburghianum, Carya cathayensis, Carya illinoinensis, Carya ovata, Caryocar nuciferum, Casimiroa edulis, Castanea crenata, Castanea dentata, Castanea mollissima, Castanea pumila, Castanea sativa, Catha edulis, Celosia argentea, Centrosema pubescens, Ceratonia siliqua, Ceratotheca sesamoides, Cereus hexagonus, Chaenomeles sinensis, Chaerophyllum bulbosum, Chamaedorea tepejilote, Chenopodium album, Chenopodium berlandieri, Chenopodium bonus- henricus, Chenopodium capitatum, Chenopodium foliosum, Chenopodium pallidicaule, Chenopodium quinoa, Chionachne gigantea, Chrysanthemum morifolium, Chrysobalanus icaco, Chrysophyllum africanum, Chry sophy Hum cainito, Cicer arietinum, Cichorium endivia, Cichorium intybus, Cinnamomum burmanni, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum loureiroi, Cinnamomum tamala, Cinnamomum verum, Citrullus lanatus, Citrus aurantiifolia, Citrus aurantium, Citrus hystrix, Citrus jambhiri, Citrus japonica, Citrus limon, Citrus maxima, Citrus medica, Citrus mitis, Citrus paradisi, Citrus reticulata, Citrus sinensis, Clausena lansium, Claytonia perfoliata, Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Cnidoscolus urens, Cocos nucifera, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea congensis, Coffea eugenioides, Coffea liberica, Cola nitida, Colocasia esculenta, Corchorus olitorius, Corchorus trilocularis, Cordia dodecandra, Cordyline fruticosa, Coriandrum sativum, Corylus avellana, Corylus chinensis, Corylus heterophylla, Corylus maxima, Corylus sieboldiana, Crambe hispanica, Crambe maritima, Crataegus14282356vl 75 / 164azarolus, Crataegus hupehensis, Crataegus orientalis, Crescentia cujete, Crocus sativus, Crotalaria longirostrata, Croton tiglium, Cryptotaenia japonica, Cucumis melo, Cucumis metuliferus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita argyrosperma, Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo, Cuminum cyminum, Curcuma angustifolia, Curcuma heyneana, Curcuma longa, Curcuma pierreana, Curcuma zanthorrhiza, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, Cyclanthera pedata, Cydonia oblonga, Cynara cardunculus, Cyperus cyperoides, Cyperus esculentus, Cyphomandra betacea, Cyrtocarpa procera, Cyrtosperma merkusii, Dacryodes edulis, Daucus carota, Dendrocalamus asper, Dendrocalamus latiflorus, Desmodium discolor, Desmodium intortum, Desmodium uncinatum, Digitaria exilis, Digitaria iburua, Digitaria sanguinalis, Dimocarpus longan, Dioscorea alata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayennensis, Dioscorea dumetorum, Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea flabellifolia, Dioscorea japonica, Dioscorea nummularia, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Dioscorea piperifolia, Dioscorea quartiniana, Dioscorea trifida, Diospyros discolor, Diospyros ebenum, Diospyros kaki, Diospyros lotus, Diospyros major, Diospyros nigra, Diospyros virginiana, Dipteryx odorata, Dovyalis caffra, Dovyalis hebecarpa, Durio oxleyanus, Durio zibethinus, Dysphania ambrosioides, Echinochloa colona, Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Echinochloa esculenta, Echinochloa frumentacea, Elaeagnus multiflora, Elaeagnus pungens, Elaeagnus umbellata, Elaeis guineensis, Elaeocarpus jloribundus, Eleocharis dulcis, Elettaria cardamomum, Eleusine coracana, Elymus canadensis, Elymus caninus, Elymus hispidus, Elymus repens, Elymus smithii, Elymus spicatus, Ensete ventricosum, Enydra jluctuans, Eragrostis tef Eriobotrya japonica, Eriochloa polystachya, Erioglossum rubiginosum, Eruca vesicaria, Etlingera elatior, Eugenia pyriformis, Eugenia uniflora, Euryale ferox, Euterpe oleracea, Eutrema japonicum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Feronia limonia, Ficus auriculata, Ficus carica, Ficus sycomorus, Flacourtia indica, Flacourtia rukam, Fragaria ananassa, Fragaria chiloensis, Fragaria moschata, Fragaria virginiana, Fragaria viridis, Galega officinalis, Garcinia cochinchinensis, Garcinia dulcis, Garcinia indica, Garcinia madruno, Garcinia mangostana, Garcinia multiflora, Garcinia pedunculata, Garcinia prainiana, Garcinia xanthochymus, Genipa americana, Gigantochloa ligulata, Glebionis coronaria, Glebionis segetum, Gleditsia triacanthos, Glycine max, Glycyrrhiza echinata, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Gossypium herbaceum, Gossypium hirsutum, Grewia asiatica, Guizotia abyssinica, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus tuberosus, Hemerocallis fulva, Hibiscus cannabinus, Hibiscus radiatus, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Hodgsonia macrocarpa, Hordeum vulgare, Houttuynia cordata, Hovenia dulcis, Humulus lupulus, Hydrolea zeylanica, Hylocereus undatus, Hyptis suaveolens, Ilex paraguariensis, Illicium verum, Inga edulis, Inga feuilleei, Inga laurina, Inocarpus fagifer, Ipomoea aquatica, Ipomoea batatas, Ipomoea eriocarpa, Ipomoea mammosa, Irvingia14282356vl 76 / 164gabonensis, Iva annua, Jaltomata procumbens, Jasminum sambac, Jatropha curcas, Jatropha multifida, Juglans ailanthifolia, Juglans hindsii, Juglans honorei, Juglans nigra, Juglans regia, Kaempferia galanga, Kaempferia rotunda, Lablab purpureus, Lactuca indica, Lactuca sativa, Lagenaria siceraria, Lansium parasiticum, Lathyrus cicera, Lathyrus ochrus, Lathyrus sativus, Lathyrus sylvestris, Lathyrus tuberosus, Launaea taraxacifolia, Laurus nobilis, Lecythis zabucajo, Lens culinaris, Lepidium meyenii, Lepidium sativum, Leucaena leucocephala, Levisticum officinale, Lilium auratum, Lilium lancifolium, Lilium leichtlinii, Linum usitatissimum, Lippia adoensis, Litchi chinensis, Litsea calophylla, Lolium perenne, Luffa acutangula, Luffa cylindrica, Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus cosentinii, Lupinus luteus, Lupinus mutabilis, Lupinus perennis, Lupinus tauris, Lycianthes moziniana, Lycium chinense, Macadamia integrifolia, Macrotyloma uniflorum, Malpighia emarginata, Malpighia glabra, Malpighia urens, Malus baccata, Malus domestica, Malus micromalus, Malus prunifolia, Malus sieboldii, Malus spectabilis, Malus turkmenorum, Malva verticillata, Mammea americana, Mangifera caesia, Mangifera foetida, Mangifera indica, Mangifera odor ata, Manihot esculenta, Manilkara zapota, Maranta arundinacea, Medicago lupulina, Medicago sativa, Medicago truncatula, Melicoccus bijugatus, Melilotus macrorhizus, Mentha canadensis, Mentha spicata, Mentha suaveolens, Mesua ferrea, Metroxylon sagu, Momordica charantia, Monstera deliciosa, Moringa oleifera, Morus alba, Morus nigra, Mucuna pachylobia, Mucuna pruriens, Muntingia calabura, Murraya koenigii, Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Myrceugenia lanceolata, Myrica rubra, Myristica fragrans, Myrrhis odorata, Nasturtium officinale, Nelumbo nucifera, Nephelium lappaceum, Nephelium mutabile, Neptunia oleracea, Nigella sativa, Nopalea cochenillifera, Nopalea dejecta, Ocimum basilicum, Ocotea quixos, Oenanthe javanica, Olea europaea, Omphalea megacarpa, Opuntia boldinghii, Opuntia crystalenia, Opuntia elatior, Opuntia ficus-indica, Opuntia fusicaulis, Opuntia hyptiacantha, Opuntia leucotricha, Opuntia robusta, Opuntia undulata, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgar e, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza sativa, Osmanthus fragrans, Oxalis deppei, Oxalis tuber osa, Pachyrhizus ahipa, Pachyrhizus erosus, Pachyrhizus tuberosus, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Pandanus brosimos, Pandanus tectorius, Pangium edule, Panicum antidotale, Panicum miliaceum, Panicum virgatum, Parkia biglobosa, Parkia speciosa, Parmentiera aculeata, Parmentiera cereifera, Paspalum dilatatum, Paspalum distichum, Paspalum notatum, Paspalum plicatulum, Paspalum scrobiculatum, Passiflora alata, Passiflora antioquiensis, Passiflora caerulea, Passiflora edulis, Passiflora laurifolia, Passiflora ligularis, Passiflora maliformis, Passiflora mollissima, Passiflora pinnatistipula, Passiflora quadrangularis, Pastinaca sativa, Paullinia cupana, Peltophorum pterocarpum, Pennisetum glaucum, Peperomia pellucida, Pereskia aculeata, Perilla frutescens, Per sea americana, Per sea schiedeana, Persicaria14282356vl 77 / 164hydropiper, Petasites japonicus, Petroselinum crispum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Phaseolus acutifolius, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus dumosus, Phaseolus lunatus, Phaseolus ritensis, Phaseolus vulgaris, Phleum pratense, Phoenix atlantica, Phoenix dactylifera, Phoenix sylvestris, Phragmites australis, Phyllanthus distichus, Phyllanthus emblica, Phyllostachys dulcis, Physalis alkekengi, Physalis ixocarpa, Physalis peruviana, Physalis philadelphica, Physalis pruinosa, Physalis pubescens, Phytolacca acinosa, Pimenta dioica, Pimpinella anisum, Piper auritum, Piper guineense, Piper longum, Piper nigrum, Piper retrofractum, Pistacia vera, Pisum sativum, Pithecellobium dulce, Pithecellobium jiringa, Plantago major, Plectranthus amboinicus, Plectranthus esculentus, Plinia cauliflora, Plukenetia volubilis, Poa compressa, Poa nemoralis, Poa pratensis, Polygala butyracea, Polygonum maximowiczii, Polygonum odoratum, Polymnia sonchifolia, Polyscias fruticosa, Portulaca oleracea, Pouteria caimito, Pouteria campechiana, Pouteria lucuma, Pouteria macrophylla, Pouteria procera, Pouteria sapota, Pouteria viridis, Proboscidea louisianica, Prunus americana, Prunus angustifolia, Prunus armeniaca, Prunus avium, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus cerasus, Prunus domestica, Prunus dulcis, Prunus kansuensis, Prunus mira, Prunus mume, Prunus munsoniana, Prunus nigra, Prunus persica, Prunus pseudocerasus, Prunus salicina, Prunus simonii, Prunus tomentosa, Prunus ussuriensis, Psidium acutangulum, Psidium cattleianum, Psidium friedrichsthalianum, Psidium guajava, Psidium guineense, Psidium sartorianum, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, Puccinellia nuttailiana, Pueraria montana, Pueraria phaseoloides, Punica granatum, Pyrus bretschneideri, Pyrus communis, Pyrus pyrifolia, Quararibea cordata, Raphanus raphanistrum, Rheum officinale, Rheum rhabarbarum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Ribes aureum, Ribes cynosbati, Ribes longiracemosum, Ribes nigrum, Ribes petraeum, Ribes rubrum, Ribes spicatum, Ribes uva- crispa, Rollinia dolabripetala, Rollinia mucosa, Rolliniopsis discreta, Rorippa indica, Rubus brasiliensis, Rubus chamaemorus, Rubus glaucus, Rubus idaeus, Rubus illecebrosus, Rubus laciniatus, Rubus occidentalis, Rubus phoenicolasius, Rubus rosifolius, Rumex acetosa, Rumex alpinus, Rumex patientia, Rumex scutatus, Saccharum officinarum, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Salacca zalacca, Salsola komarovii, Salsola soda, Salvia hispanica, Salvia officinalis, Sambucus nigra, Sandoricum koetjape, Sanguisorba minor, Sanguisorba officinalis, Sauropus androgynus, Sclerocarya birrea, Secale cereale, Sechium edule, Sechium tacaco, Sedum rupestre, Semecarpus anacardium, Sesamum alatum, Sesamum indicum, Sesamum radiatum, Sesbania grandiflora, Setaria italica, Sida rhombifolia, Sinapis alba, Smallanthus sonchifolius, Solanum aethiopicum, Solanum anomalum, Solanum betaceum, Solanum chaucha, Solanum curtilobum, Solanum duplosinuatum, Solanum goniocalyx, Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum macrocarpon, Solanum melongena, Solanum muricatum, Solanum phureja, Solanum quitoense, Solanum scabrum, Solanum sessiliflorum, Solanum stenotomum, Solanum tuberosum, Solanum uporo,14282356vl 78 / 164Solatium viride, Sorbus domestica, Sorghum almum, Sorghum bicolor, Sorghum drummondii, Sphenostylis stenocarpa, Spilanthes acmella, Spinacia oleracea, Spondias dulcis, Spondias lakonensis, Spondias mombin, Spondias pinnata, Spondias purpurea, Stachys affmis, Stelechocarpus burahol, Stenocereus griseus, Stenocereus pruinosus, Stenocereus queretaroensis, Stenocereus stellatus, Stevia rebaudiana, Suaeda glauca, Syzygium aromaticum, Syzygium cumini, Syzygium formosum, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium malaccense, Syzygium samarangense, Tacca leontopetaloides, Talinum fruticosum, Talinum paniculatum, Talinum portulacifolium, Talisia esculenta, Tamarindus indica, Tanace turn vulgar e, Taraxacum campylodes, Terminalia catappa, Tetragonia tetragonioides, Theobroma bicolor, Theobroma cacao, Theobroma grandiflorum, Theobroma microcarpum, Thymus herba-barona, Thymus vulgaris, Trapa natans, Trichosanthes cucumerina, Trichosanthes japonica, Trichosanthes pilosa, Trifolium alexandrinum, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium hybridum, Trifolium incarnatum, Trifolium pannonicum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Trifolium resupinatum, Trifolium semipilosum, Trifolium subterraneum, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Triphasia trifolia, Tripsacum dactyloides, Triticum aestivum, Triticum boeoticum, Triticum carthlicum, Triticum dicoccon, Triticum durum, Triticum monococcum, Triticum spelta, Triticum sphaerococcum, Triticum timopheevii, Tropaeolum leptophyllum, Tropaeolum tuberosum, Tylosema esculentum, Typha latifolia, Ullucus tuberosus, Urena lobata, Vaccinium ashei, Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Valeriana sambucifolia, Valerianella locusta, Vangueria madagascariensis, Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla pompona, Vanilla tahitensis, Vasconcellea pubescens, Veronica anagallis, Vicia articulata, Vicia benghalensis, Vicia cracca, Vicia ervilia, Vicia faba, Vicia graminea, Vicia hirsuta, Vicia ludoviciana, Vicia monantha, Vicia narbonensis, Vicia pannonica, Vicia sativa, Vicia sepium, Vicia tetrasperma, Vicia unijuga, Vicia villosa, Vigna aconitifolia, Vigna angularis, Vigna cylindrica, Vigna mungo, Vigna radiata, Vigna subterranea, Vigna umbellata, Vigna unguiculata, Vitellaria paradoxa, Vitex doniana, Vitis amurensis, Vitis rotundifolia, Vitis vinifera, Wolffta arrhiza, Xanthium strumarium, Xanthosoma belophyllum, Xanthosoma brasiliense, Xanthosoma caracu, Xanthosoma poeppigii, Xanthosoma sagittifolium, Xanthosoma undipes, Yucca gigantea, Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Zea mays, Zea mexicana, Zingiber mioga, Zingiber officinale, Zizania aquatica, Zizania latifolia, Zizania palustris, or Ziziphus jujuba. [000412] In some embodiments, the method of delivery comprises applying the composition to the surface of a plant or insect pest.[000413] In some embodiments, the composition is delivered to plants through leaves, stem, seeds, roots or soil.14282356vl 79 / 164[000414] An insect, as used herein, refers to an insect in any stage of development. In some embodiments, the insect is an insect egg. In some embodiments, the insect is an insect larva. In some embodiments, the insect is an insect pupa. In some embodiments, the insect is an adult insect.[000415] In some embodiments, the pest belongs to the order Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera Acari, or Nematoda.[000416] Examples of insects of the order Coleoptera include, but are not limited to, Chrysomelidae (leaf beetle), Curculionidae (snout beetle), Meloidae (blister beetle), Tenebrionidae (darkling beetle), Scarabaeidae (scarab beetle), Cerambycidae (Japanese pine sawyer), Curculionidae (Chinese white pine beetle), Nitidulidae (small hive beetle), Chrysomelidae (broad-shouldered leaf beetle), Cerambycidae (mulberry longhorn beetle), Phyllotreta (flea beetle), Diabrotica (corn rootworm) Chrysomela (cottonwood leaf beetle), Hypothenemus (coffee berry borer), Sitophilus (maize weevil), Epitrix (tobacco flea beetle), E. cucumeris (potato flea beetle), P. pusilia (western black flea beetle); Anthonomus (pepper weevil), Hemicrepidus (wireworm), Melanotus (wireworm), Ceutorhychus (cabbage seedpod weevil), Aeolus (wireworm), Horistonotus (sand wireworm), Sphenophorus (maize billbug), S. zea (timothy billbug), S. parvulus (bluegrass billbug), S. callosus (southern com billbug), Phyllophaga (white grub), Chaetocnema (corn flea beetle), Popillia (Japanese beetle), Epilachna (Mexican bean beetle), Cerotoma (bean leaf beetle), Epicauta (blister beetle), Chrysomelidae (alligator weed flea beetle), and any combination thereof.[000417] In some embodiments, the insect pest belonging to the order Coleoptera is of a species selected from the group consisting of Leptinotarsa spp., Phyllotreta spp., Cerotoma spp., Diabrotica spp., Tribolium spp., Anthonomus spp. and Alticini spp.[000418] In certain embodiments, the Coleopteran insect species is Leptinotarsa spp. [000419] In some embodiments, the Coleopteran insect may be any species of Leptinotarsa. Leptinotarsa species include, but are not limited to, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Leptinotarsa behrensi. Leptinotarsa collinsi. Leptinotarsa defecla. Leptinotarsa haldemani (Haldeman's green potato beetle), Leptinotarsa heydeni. Leptinotarsa juncta (false potato beetle), Leptinotarsa lineolata (burrobrush leaf beetle), Leptinotarsa peninsularis. Leptinotarsa rubiginosa, Leptinotarsa lexana. Leptinotarsa llascalana. Leptinotarsa lumamoca. and Leptinotarsa typographica. In an exemplary embodiment, the Coleapteran insect is in the family Chrysomelidae, optionally wherein the insect is Phylotretta spp. or Psylloides spp., otionally wherein the insect is Phylotreta cruciferae (canola flea beetle), Phylotreta striolata (striped flea beetle) or Psylliodes chrysocephala (cabbage stem flea beetle).14282356vl 80 / 164[000420] In an exemplary embodiment, the Leptinotarsa spp. insect is Colorado potato beetle.[000421] Examples of insects of the order Lepidoptera include, but are not limited to, Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies), Danaidae (milkweed butterflies), Pieri dae (whites and sulfurs) Papilionidae (swallowtails), Lycaenidae (blues, coppers, and hairstreaks), Hesperiidae (skippers), Tineidae (clothes moths), Sesiidae (clearwing moths), Pyralidae (snout moths), Lasiocampidae (lappet moths), Satumiidae (giant silk moths), Sphingidae (hawk moths), Arctiidae (tiger moths), Lymantriidae (tussock moths), Noctuidae (loopers, owlet moths, and underwings), Lyonetiidae (leaf miners), Crambidae (grass moths). In an exemplary embodiment the Lepidopteran insect is an insect in Spodoptera spp., optionally wherein the insect is S. frugiperda (fall armyworm), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera litura (tobacco cutworm), Spodoptera litoralis (tomato moth), or Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm). In another exemplary embodiment the insect is Plutella spp., optionally wherein the insect is in the family Plutellidae , optionally wherein the insect is Plutella xylostolla (diamondback moth). In another exemplary embodiment, the insect is in the family Noctidae, optionally wherein the insect is Chrysodeixis spp., Helicoverpa spp., or Trichoplusia spp., optionally wherein the insect is Chyrysodeixis includens (soybean looper), Chyrysodeixis acuta (tomato semi-looper), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), o Helicoverpa zea (tomato fruitworm), insect is Trichoplusia ni (Cabbage looper). In another exemplary embodiment, the insect is in the family Tortricidae, optionally wherein the insect is Cydia spp., or Lobesia spp., or Ecdytolopha spp., optionally wherein the insect is Cydia pomonella (codling moth) ox Lobesia botrana (European grapevine moth) or Ecdytolopha aurantiana (citrus fruit borer). In another exemplary embodiment, the insect is in the family Pieridae, optionally wherein the insect is Pieridae spp., optionally wherein the insect is Pieridae rapae (imported cabbage worm). In another exemplary embodiment, the insect is in the family Gelechiidae, optionally wherein the insect is Tuta spp., optionally wherein the insect is Tuta absolute (tomato leafminer). In another exemplary embodiment, the insect is in the family Pyralidae, optionally wherein the insect is Amyelois spp., optionally wherein the insect is Amyelois transitella (tomato leafminer). In another exemplary embodiment the insect is in the family Lyonetiidae, optionally wherein the insect is Leucoptera coffeella (coffee leaf miner). In another exemplary embodiment the insect is in the family Crambidae, optionally wherein the insect is Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer).[000422] A Dipteran insect may be any Dipteran insect of order Diptera. Examples of insects of the order Diptera include, but are not limited to, Culicidae (mosquitoes), Tabanidae (horse flies / deer flies), Simuliidae (black flies), Psychodidae (moth flies), Ceratopogonidae (punkies, no-see-ums), Muscidae (House flies), Cecidomyiidae (gall midges), Tephritidae (fruit14282356vl 81 / 164flies), Agromyzidae (leaf miners), Anthomyiidae (maggots), Drosophilidae (pomace flies), Tipulidae (crane flies), Calliphoridae (blow flies), Chironomidae (midges), and Sarcophagidae (flesh flies). In an exemplary embodiment the Dipteran insect is in the family Drosophilidae, optionally Drosophila suzukii (Spotted wing drosophila)[000423] A Hemipteran insect may be a Hemipteran insect of order Hemiptera. Examples of insects of the order of Hemiptera include, but are not limited to Miridae (Plant Bugs), Lygaeidae (Seed Bugs), Tingidae (lace bugs), Coreidae (squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs), Alydidae (broad-headed bugs), Rhopalidae (scentless plant bugs), Berytidae (stilt bugs), Reduviidae (assassin bugs), Phymatidae (ambush bugs), Nabidae (damsel bugs), Anthocoridae (minute pirate bugs), Corixidae (water boatmen), Gerridae (water striders), Nepidae (water scorpions), Belostomatidae (giant water bugs), Naucoridae (creeping water bugs), Notonectidae (backswimmers), Cicadidae (cicadas), Cicadellidae (leafhoppers), Membracidae (treehoppers), Cercopidae (spittlebugs or froghoppers), Fulgoridae (planthoppers), Psyllidae (psyllids or jumping plant lice), Aleyrodidae (whiteflies), Aphididae (aphids, plant lice), Pentatomidae (stink bugs), Coccidae (soft scale insects), Liviidae, Pseuodococcidae, Gracillariidae. In an exemplary embodiment the Hemipteran insect is Diaphorina citri (Asian citryus psyllid), In another exemplary embodiment the Hemipteran insect is in the family Pseuodococcidae, optionally Pseudococcus maritimus (grape mealybug). In an exemplary embodiment the Hemipteran insect is in the family Cicadidae, optionally Circulifer tenellus (beet leafhopper). In another exemplary embodiment the Hemipteran insect is in the family Gracillariidae, optionally, Phyllocnistis cirella (citrus leafminer). In an exemplary embodiment the Hemipteran insect is in the family Aleyrodidae, optionally Bemisia tabaci (Sweetpotato Whitefly / Silverleaf Whitefly), Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Greenhouse Whitefly), or Aleurodicus dugesii (Giant Whitefly). In further embodiments, the Hemipteran insect is in the family Pentatomidae, optionally wherein the insect of the family Pentatomidae is Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug) or Dicelops melacanthus (green-bellied stinkbugs) or Dichelops furcatus (green-bellied stinkbugs). [000424] In some embodiments the pest is an arachnid belonging to the orders Acariformes and Parasitiformes. Examples of Parasitiformes include, but are not limited to, Ixodida, Mesotigmata, Opiloacardia, Holothyrida, Trigynaspida, Monogynaspida, and Sejida. Examples of Acariformes include, but are not limited to, Endeostimata, Eriophoidea, Trombidiformes, Sphaerolichida, Prostigmata, Sarcoptiformes, Orbatida, and Astigmatina. In some embodiments the arachnid is in the family Tetranychidae optionally, Tetranichus utricae (two-spotted spider mite) or Panonychus citri (citrus red mite).[000425] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, any of the compositions described herein may be formulated in a deliverable form suited to a particular application.14282356vl 82 / 164Deliverable forms that can be used in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, liquids (including homogeneous mixtures such as a soluble liquid concentrate, and non-homogeneous mixtures such as suspensions, colloids, micelles, and emulsions), emulsifiable concentrates, solids, oily dispersions, pastes, granules, wettable powders, water dispersible granules, dusts, fumigants, , suspensions, sprays, encapsulated or micro-encapsulation formulations, in or on microbeads or other carrier particulates, in a film or coating, or on or within a matrix, or as a leaf, seed, root, or stem treatment. Suitable deliverable forms can be selected and formulated by those skilled in the art using methods currently known in the art. Formulation components for compositions of the present disclosure may include any known in the art and can be selected and formulated by those skilled in the art using method currently known in the art. Formulation components may include, but are not limited to, acidifying agents, buffering agents, antifoam, anti-transpirants, dyes and brighteners, compatibility agents, crop oil concentrates, surfactants, deposition agents, drift reduction agents, dyes and brighteners, feeding stimulants, herbicide safeners, spreaders, extenders, adhesive agents, suspension agents, gelling agents, synergists, wetting agents, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, penetrants, neutralizers, water absorbants, and / or water softeners. Conventional agricultural carriers, including, for example, silica, clays, activated carbon, cellulose, lactose, sucrose, ammonium sulfate, and urea resins, may be used The compositions can also be provided in combination with an agriculturally, food, or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient in a liquid, solid, or gel-like form. For solid compositions, suitable carriers include pharmaceutical or food grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesium stearate, sodium saccharin, talc, cellulose, glucose, sucrose, and magnesium carbonate. Suitably, the formulation is in tablet or pellet form. As suitable carrier could also be a human or animal food material. In an embodiment, the compositions are delivered by contacting with a plant surface. In some embodiments the surface is the leaves, flowers, or fruit of a plant. In such an embodiment the application may be achieved by spraying the leaves, flowers, or fruit of a plant. The contacting can also be in the form of a seed treatment. Suitable binders, inert carriers, surfactants, and the like can optionally be included in the composition, as is known to one skilled in formulation of pesticides and seed treatments. In some embodiments, the contacting comprises providing the polynucleotide in a composition that further comprises one or more carrier agents and / or one or more surfactants, (e.g., an organosilicone, an organosilicone surfactant). Compositions suitable for formulation with polynucleotides for RNAi are well known in the art, including, for example those described in US2022 / 0372478, entitled Stabilization of RNA for Exogenous RNAi Agricultural Applications and Formulations, published on November 24, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference.14282356vl 83 / 164[000426] Effective amounts vary, as recognized by those skilled in the art, depending on the particular plant, the severity of the infestation, the duration of the infestation, previous exposure to insecticides and like factors within the knowledge and expertise of a practitioner. These factors are well known to those of ordinary skill in that art and can be addressed with no more than routine experimentation. Generally, lower effective concentrations are used, that is, the lowest concentration that provides control of an insect, to increase efficiency and decrease cost.Kits and Articles of Manufacture[000427] Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a kit comprising a composition of the disclosure and optional instructional material. Instructional material may include a publication, a recording, a diagram, or any other medium of expression which is used to communicate the usefulness of the composition of the disclosure (e.g., to control a plant pest, e.g., at lower effective amounts of pesticide to control the plant pest relative to compositions not including the biological adjuvant). The instructional material can also, for example, describe an effective amount of the composition of the disclosure. The instructional material of the kit of the disclosure can, for example, be affixed to a container which contains the composition of the disclosure or be shipped together with a container which contains the pharmaceutical composition. Alternatively, the instructional material can be shipped separately from the container with the intention that the instructional material and the pharmaceutical composition be used cooperatively by the recipient.[000428] The disclosure also includes a kit comprising the composition of the disclosure and a delivery device. By way of example, the delivery device can be adapted for or configured to delivering the composition to a plant or a pest. The kit can further comprise an instructional material as described herein.[000429] In certain embodiments, a kit may comprise two containers: a first container comprising a biopesticide; and a second container comprising the biological adjuvant. Examples of containers include spray bottles, boxes, bags, and the like. Typically, a kit comprises directions for the application of the separate components.[000430] In order that this invention may be better understood, the following examples are set forth. These examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.EXAMPLES14282356vl 84 / 164[000431] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the general nature of the disclosure that others can, by applying knowledge within the skill of the art, readily modify and / or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments, without undue experimentation, without departing from the general concept of the present disclosure. Therefore, such adaptations and modifications are intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation, such that the terminology or phraseology of the present specification is to be interpreted by the skilled artisan in light of the teachings and guidance.Example 1: Preparation of Yeast Particles (YPs) and mass Delivery System[000432] YPs are often 3-5 pm hollow and porous microparticles derived from Baker’s yeast that are composed primarily of -80% 1— 6-|3 branched, 1— >3-P-glucan, 2-4% chitin and 40% mannan w / w. Yeast particles are readily available, biodegradable, substantially spherical particles about 2-4 mm in diameter.[000433] Methods of preparing extracted yeast cell wall particles are well known in the art, and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,992,540, 5,082,936, 5,028,703, 5,032,401, 5,322,841, 5,401,727, 5,504,079, 5,968,811, 6,444,448 Bl, 6,476,003 Bl, published U.S. applications 2003 / 0216346 Al, 2004 / 0014715 Al, and published PCT application WO 02 / 12348 A2, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.[000434] A form of extracted yeast cell wall particles, referred to as “whole glucan particles” or “WGPs” (See U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,032,401 and 5,607,677) may be modified to facilitate improved retention and / or delivery of payload molecules. Such improvements feature trapping molecules and nanoparticles as well as pluralities of said trapping molecules and nanoparticles, formulated in specific forms to achieve the desired improved delivery properties. As used herein, a WGP is typically a whole glucan particle of >90% P glucan purity.Commercial Yeast Particles (YPs)[000435] Yeast particles (YPs) used the examples described below those that are commercially available from Biorigin (Louisville, KY, USA) or LeSaffre (Marcq-en-Barceul, France).Preparation of Glucan Particles (GPs)[000436] Glucan particles (GPs), also referred to herein as yeast glucan particles (“YGPs”), are a purified hollow yeast cell ‘ghost’ containing a rich P-glucan sphere, generally 2-4 microns14282356vl 85 / 164in diameter. In general, glucan particles can be prepared from yeast cells by the extraction and purification of the alkali-insoluble glucan fraction from the yeast cell walls. The yeast cells can be treated with an aqueous hydroxide solution without disrupting the yeast cell walls, which digests the protein and intracellular portion of the cell, leaving the glucan wall component devoid of significant protein contamination, and having substantially the unaltered cell wall structure of 3(1-6) and 3(1-3) linked glucans. The 1,3-P-glucan outer shell provides for receptor-mediated uptake by phagocytic cells, e.g., macrophages, expressing P-glucan receptors.[000437] Glucan particles can be made as follows. Yeast particles (5. cerevisiae), Biorigin MOS55, are suspended in 1 liter of IM NaOH and heated to 85°C. The cell suspension is stirred vigorously for 1 hour at this temperature. The insoluble material containing the cell walls is recovered by centrifuging. This material is then suspended in IM NaOH, heated, and stirred vigorously for 1 hour. The suspension is allowed to cool to room temperature and the extraction is continued for a further 16 hours. The insoluble residue is recovered by centrifugation. This material is finally extracted in water brought to pH 4.5 with HC1. The insoluble residue is recovered by centrifugation and washed three times with water, isopropanol, and acetone. The resulting slurry is placed in glass trays and dried under reduced pressure to produce a fine white powder.Preparation of Glucan Lipid Particles (GLPs)[000438] GLPs retain some of the yeast cellular lipid content, which creates a more hydrophobic inner cavity ideal for loading of hydrophobic payloads. GLPs are prepared by modifying the method of preparation of GPs described above. For preparation of GLPs, washing with isopropanol and acetone is eliminated and instead the insoluble residue recovered by centrifugation is washed three times with water. The particles are dried by lyophilization or spray drying.Whole Glucan Particles (WGPs)[000439] A more detailed description of processes for preparing WPGs can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,810,646, 4,992,540, 5,028,703, 5,607,677, and 5,741,495 (incorporated herein by reference). For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,703 discloses that yeast WGP particles can be produced from yeast strain R4 cells in fermentation culture. The cells are harvested by batch centrifugation at 8000 rpm for 20 minutes in a Sorval RC2-B centrifuge. The cells are washed twice in distilled water in order to prepare them for the extraction of the whole glucan. The first step involved resuspending the cell mass in 1 liter 4% w / v NaOH and heating to 100°C. The cell suspension is stirred vigorously for 1 hour at this temperature. The insoluble material containing14282356vl 86 / 164the cell walls is recovered by centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes. This material is suspended in 2 liters, 3% w / v NaOH and heated to 75°C. The suspension is stirred vigorously for 3 hours at this temperature. The suspension is then allowed to cool to room temperature and the extraction can be continued for a further 16 hours. The insoluble residue is recovered by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 15 minutes. This material is finally extracted in 2 liters, 3% w / v NaOH brought to pH 4.5 with HC1, at 75°C for 1 hour. The insoluble residue is recovered by centrifugation and washed three times with 200 milliliters water, once with 200 milliliters dehydrated ethanol, and twice with 200 milliliters dehydrated ethyl ether. The resulting slurry is placed on petri plates and dried.[000440] Varying degrees of purity of glucan particles are achieved by modifying the extraction / purification process. In general, these GPs are on the order of 80-85% pure on a w / w basis of P glucan and, following the introduction of payload, trapping, or other components, become of a slightly lesser “purity.” In exemplary embodiments, GPs are <90% P glucan purity.Preparation of YCP Particles[000441] Yeast cells (Rhodotorula sp.) derived from cultures obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) were aerobically grown to stationary phase in YPD at 30°C. Rhodotorula sp. cultures available from ATCC include Nos. 886, 917, 9336, 18101, 20254, 20837 and 28983. Cells were harvested by batch centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes. The cells were then washed once in distilled water and then re-suspended in water brought to pH 4.5 with HC1, at 75°C for 1 hour. The insoluble material containing the cell walls was recovered by centrifuging. This material was then suspended in 1 liter, IM NaOH and heated to 90 °C for 1 hour. The suspension was allowed to cool to room temperature and the extraction was continued for a further 16 hours. The insoluble residue was recovered by centrifugation and washed twice with water, isopropanol, and acetone. The resulting slurry was placed in glass trays and dried at room temperature to produce 2.7 g of a fine light brown powder.Preparation of GCMP Particles[000442] Yeast cells (Rhodotorula sp.) derived from cultures obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, Va.) were aerobically grown to stationary phase in 10L - YPD at 30°C. Rhodotorula sp. cultures available from ATCC include Nos. 886, 917, 9336, 18101, 20254, 20837 and 28983. Cells (10L) were harvested by batch centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes. The cell pellet was then washed once with one-liter of distilled water and then re-suspended in one-liter of distilled water brought to pH 4.5 with HC1 and heated at 75°C14282356vl 87 / 164with stirring for 1 hour. The insoluble material containing the cell walls was recovered by centrifugation and suspended in 1 -liter IM NaOH and heated to 55°C. The cell suspension was mixed for 1 hour at this temperature. The insoluble material containing the cell walls was recovered by centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes. This material was then suspended in 1 liter of water. The insoluble residue was recovered by centrifugation and washed three times with IL water, four times with 200 milliliters dehydrated isopropanol and twice with 200 milliliters acetone and the powder dried by solvent evaporation. This process yielded 3.1g of a light pink powder.Preparation of YGMP Particles[000443] S. cerevisiae (100 g Fleishman’s baker’s yeast) was suspended in 1 liter IM NaOH and heated to 55°C. The cell suspension was mixed for 1 hour at this temperature. The insoluble material containing the cell walls was recovered by centrifuging at 2000 rpm for 10 minutes. This material was then suspended in 1 liter of water and brought to pH 4-5 with HC1 and incubated at 55°C for 1 hour. The insoluble residue was recovered by centrifugation and washed once with 1000 milliliters water, four times with 200 milliliters dehydrated isopropanol and twice with 200 milliliters acetone. The resulting slurry was placed in a glass tray and dried at room temperature to produce 12.4 g of a fine, slightly off-white powder.Preparation of glucan mannan lipid particles (GMLPs)[000444] GMLPs were prepared by the procedure described above for preparation of YGLPs but without the steps requiring washing with isopropanol and acetone.Example 2: Preparation of dsRNA[000445] Candidate genes for testing were hypothesized based on the potential of the gene to be susceptible to RNAi and for RNAi to have a phenotype effect. RNAi is a highly unpredictable art and it is impossible to predict with certainty which gene targets will be susceptible to RNAi and, if susceptible, which gene targets, if knocked down, will suppress the amount of the encoded protein and create a phenotype that leads to control of the insect. dsRNA specific to target genes was synthesized by in vitro transcription using a commercial kit or GreenLight Biosciences proprietary RNA synthesis process, described in U.S. Patent No. 10,858,385, which is incorporated herein by reference. Candidate genes were tested for lethal phenotype in insect cell-based assays or microinjection. For cell-based assays, Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth; DBM) cells were seeded into 12-well plate with 4xl0e5 cells / well. For each well, Cellfectin II -dsRNA complex was made in a sterile 1.5ml tube using14282356vl 88 / 1648ug dsRNA and 8ul Cellfectin II mixed with nuclease-free (NF) water to make a final volume of lOOul. Cellfectin II - dsRNA complex was delivered to DBM cells. Cellfectin II - GS4 was used as negative control, targeting GFP that was not expressed in DBM cells. Assays were replicated at least three times.[000446] For microinjection assays, dsRNA sequences specific to target genes were injected into third instar P. xylostella larvae to test for knockdown of the target genes. dsRNA sequences were diluted to a concentration of 6 to 7 g / L using nuclease free (NF) water. GS4 was used as negative control, targeting GFP that was not expressed in P. xylostella. 200 nL of diluted dsRNA (1.2 to 1.4 ug of dsRNA) was injected into the second proleg of the larva using a Nanoliter 2020 microinjector fitted with a micropipette needle. Larvae that recovered from the injection after 10 minutes were placed on artificial diet for 72 hours. Alive larvae were collected into 1.5 mL microcentrifuge tubes with three 2.3-mm stainless steel beads and 210 mL of lysis buffer (DNA / RNA Shield + Proteinase K). Tubes were placed into a GenoGrinder immediately to homogenize the samples then qPCR is conducted. Assays were replicated at least two times. dsRNA sequences that produced a significant level of target gene knockdown compared to the GS4 negative control on two or more independent runs, were considered “positive hits”.Example 3: Encapsulation of dsRNA in YPs containing Complex Core A[000447] Step 1 : Preparation of YP EDTA[000448] Na4EDTA loading and encapsulation as Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA- H4) to obtain a target YP:EDTA-H4 weight ratio of 1 : 1 was achieved by the following protocol. EDTA is used primarily for its nuclease inhibition properties. Other nuclease inhibitors may be used, such as SHMP (sodium hexametaphosphate), TPP (sodium tripolyphosphate), or P VS A (poly vinylsulfonic acid). EDTA was encapsulated in YPs by adding 781 mL of a 500 mg / mL tetra sodium EDTA (Na4EDTA) solution to 300 mg lyophilized YPs, mixing to a uniform suspension, then adding 719 mL of 3 M sulfuric acid solution and mixing to a uniform suspension. Following a 1-hour incubation at room temperature the YP-EDTA formulation was washed four times with 6 mL water, resuspended in 6 mL of 2 mg / mL maltodextrin frozen and lyophilized.[000449] Step 2: dsRNA loading (Target load of 50 pg dsRNA / mg YP)[000450] Loading of dsRNA in YPs was achieved by the following protocol. 300 mg YP- EDTA (150 mg YP) was weighed in a 15 mL centrifuge tube. RNA loading solution was prepared at 5 mg dsRNA / mL in RNase-free water. RNA loading was done twice to achieve a target of 50 pg dsRNA / mg YP. 750 pL of dsRNA solution was added to YP-EDTA (5 pL14282356vl 89 / 164loading solution per mg YP), mixed with blunt pipette tip, centrifuged thrice. Lyophilize and freeze sample. The dsRNA loaded into the hollow center of the YPs was washed by adding 375 pL of RNase-free water to dry YP EDTA dsRNA pellet. Sample was mixed thrice, frozen and lyophilized.[000451] Step 3: Trap dsRNA as a CCA complex[000452] Trapping reaction was performed (poly-l-lysine:dsRNA ratio of 3 : 1) to form CCA formulation by the following protocol. PLL solution of 15 mg / mL was prepared in RNase-free water. PLL loading steps 8-11 were repeated twice to achieve a target of 150 pg PLL / mg YP (3: 1 PLL:dsRNA ratio). 750 pL of PLL solution was added to dry YP-EDTA-dsRNA, mixed with a blunt pipette tip, centrifuged thrice, and incubated for 30+ min at room temperature. Resulting lyophilize sample was frozen.[000453] YP EDTA dsRNA-PLL was resuspended in 7.5 mL of RNase-free water to achieve a concentration of 1 mg dsRNA / mL and 20 mg YP / mL. A homogenous YP EDTA dsRNA PLL suspension (CCA formulation) was obtained using a polytron (20-30 sec) and a sonicator (20-30 sec). The polytron / sonication steps were repeated thrice. Suspension was fast frozen in dry ice. Samples were stored at -20 or -80 C until ready to use.Example 4: Mortality of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae on Chinese cabbage leaves treated with naked dsRNA or CCA encapsulated dsRNA.[000454] Control (GS134) and insecticidal dsRNAs were encapsulated in a CCA delivery system as described above. Chinese cabbage leaves were sprayed with either naked / non- encapsulated dsRNA (2.5g / L) or CCA encapsulated dsRNA (0.5 g / L) and allowed to dry. Leaf discs of 45 mm diameter were placed in Petri and infested with 'freshly hatched' 1stinstar Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) larvae. Larvae were counted at 5 days, 7 days and 10 days after infestation. Fig. 1 shows that after a 10-day exposure period, larvae on leaf discs treated with CCA encapsulated dsRNA GS329 showed an increase in mortality in the CCA formulation.Example 5: Mortality of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae on Chinese cabbage leaves treated with a mixture of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt) product and naked dsRNA or CCA encapsulated dsRNA[000455] Commercially available Bacillus thuringiensis preparations DIPEL®(Valent Biosciences) were used. DIPEL® is a biological insecticide containing Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) strain ABTS-351 that contains a balance of multiple14282356vl 90 / 164insecticidal proteins and Bt spores that maximize efficacy against lepidopteran pests. XENTARI is a biological insecticide containing a natural, potent strain (ABTS- 1857) of the microorganism Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai (Bta). XENTARI’ s® unique profile of insecticidal proteins provides control of difficult to control pests like armyworms and diamondback moth.[000456] Control (GS134) targeting Nicotiana benthamiana phytoene desaturase and dsRNA targeting a hypothetical diamondback moth gene encapsulated in CCA delivery system as described above in Example 1 were mixed with a commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) product. Chinese cabbage leaves were sprayed with a mixture of commercial Bt product mixed with either naked / non-encapsulated dsRNA or CCA encapsulated dsRNA at a concentration of 0.5 mg / mL dsRNA and allowed to dry. Leaf discs of 45 mm diameter were placed in Petri dishes and infested with 'freshly hatched' 1stinstar Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) larvae. Larvae were counted at 5 days, 7 days and 10 days after infestation. Fig. 2 shows that when compared the control (Bt product only treatment), after a 10-day exposure period, up to 71% of the larvae died on leaf discs that were sprayed with a mixture of Bt product and CCA- encapsulated dsRNA. These results demonstrate the unexpected result that the CCA delivery system was acting to enhance Bt.Example 6: Mortality of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae on Chinese cabbage leaves treated with empty YPs or a mixture of YPs and Bt product DIPEL®[000457] Empty YPs, without any encapsulated dsRNA, were used in this experiment. Chinese cabbage leaves were sprayed with either DIPEL® (Valent Biosciences) alone, empty YPs alone, or a mixture of empty YPs and DIPEL®. YP concentrations of 0.1, 1, 3, 10 mg / ml were used for the YP alone and YP plus DIPEL® compositions. In all instances a sub-lethal LC20% dosage of DIPEL® was used. Treated leaves were cut into discs of 45 mm diameter. Leaf discs were placed in Petri dishes and then infested with 'freshly hatched' 1st instar Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) larvae. Larvae were counted at 5 days, 7 days and 10 days after infestation. Tukey statistical analysis was conducted based on the DIPEL® only control. Fig- 3 shows that at sublethal concentration of DIPEL® mortality was low, as expected. But for test compositions combining YP at 3mg / mL and lOmg / mL along with the same sublethal concentration of DIPEL® as used in the control group, significant increase in mortalities were seen after 7 days. At day 11 mortality increased up to almost 90% for compositions comprising the sublethal DIPEL® concentration plus YP concentration of 10 g / L and more than 60% for compositions comprising the sublethal DIPEL® concentration plus YP concentration of 3 mg / mL concentration. Mortality in these empty YP + DIPEL® treatments was significantly14282356vl 91 / 164higher than the sublethal mortality of the individual treatments combined, indicating that the YP significantly enhanced the effects of Bt.Example 7: Mortality of fall armyworm larvae on soybean leaves treated with empty YPs or a mixture of YPs and Bt product XENTARI®[000458] Empty YPs, without any encapsulated dsRNA, were used in this experiment. Sublethal LC20 concentration of Bt-product, XENTARI® (Valent Biosciences) was used for control and test groups combined the same concentration of XENTARI® as the control with YP concentration of 0.1, 1, 3, 10 mg / ml. Additional control groups used YP alone at the same concentrations. Soybean leaves were sprayed with the compositions and allowed to dry. Leaf discs of 45 mm diameter were placed in Petri dishes and infested with 'freshly hatched' 1st instar Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm, FAW) larvae. Larvae were counted at 5 days, 7 days and 10 days after infestation. Tukey statistical analysis was conducted based on the XENTARI®- only control. Fig. 4 shows that when compared to the sublethal XENTARI®-only control , after a 10-day exposure period, , mortality in the YP plus XENTARI® compositions increased up to almost 50% at the highest YP concentration (10 g / L). Mortality in the empty YP + XENTARI® treatments was higher than the mortality of the sublethal XENTARI® control and YP only controls combined, indicating that YP significantly enhanced the effect of XENTARI®.Example 8: Mortality of Bt-resistant diamondback moth (DBM) larvae on Chinese cabbage leaves treated with DIPEL® or a mixture of YPs and Bt product DIPEL®[000459] Experiments were conducted to establish that YP could enhance the effects of Bt even against Bt-resistant insect populations. Specifically, this experiment used Plutella xylostella (Benzon Research) resistant to various Cry proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, such as those that are found in the Bt product, DIPEL® (Valent Biosciences). Chinese cabbage leaves were sprayed with either DIPEL® alone control or a mixture of empty YPs and DIPEL® using YP concentration of 10 mg / ml. Leaves were cut into discs of 45 mm diameter. Leaf discs were placed in Petri dishes and then infested with 'freshly hatched' 1st instar Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) larvae. Larvae were counted at 5 days, 7 days and 11 days after infestation. Results are modeled in Fig. 5 as dose response curves indicating predicted mortality by dose. The dose response curve for YP + DIPEL® shifted left vs. the curve for DIPEL® alone, indicating that the dose required to cause mortality with Bt + YP was less than Bt alone. This enhancement of the effect of YP on Bt’s efficacy against resistant Plultlla xylostella increased over time. The LC50 was 2, 3, and 13 times lower at 5, 7, and 11 days of exposure, respectively, than Bt alone as shown in Fig. 5. The effect of Bt14282356vl 92 / 164+ YP was greater at lower concentrations - after 11 days exposure, the LC50 was 13 times lower and the LC20 was 103 times lower than Bt alone.Example 9. Delivery of yeast particles to transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein[000460] Experiments were conducted to determine the damage to com varietals - a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (a crystal protein) and a standard corn plant (i.e., a com plant that does not express Cryl Ab) following infestation with fall army worms are susceptible to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cryl Ab protein and treatment with yeast particles. The yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall particles) tested here were intact or fragmented yeast cell wall particles formulated with certain samples and further comprising various standard agricultural formulation components for delivery via spraying. One sample (Yeast Particle 1 in Fig. 6) comprised intact YCWP in water. A second sample (Yeast Particle 2 in Fig. 6) comprised bead-milled YCWP formulated with surfactants (e.g., sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, acrylic copolymer), biological preservative(s) / biocide(s), and antifoaming agent (e.g., silicone antifoam agent). A third sample (Yeast Particle 3 in Fig. 6) comprised bead-milled YCWP formulated with surfactants (e.g., methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester, castor oil ethoxylate), biological preservative(s) / biocide(s), and antifoaming agent (e.g., silicone antifoam agent).[000461] The com plants were infested with 1st instar Bt-susceptible fall army worms (FAW) larvae at 5 larvae per plant (infested using a 1.5 micro centrifuge tube). Corn was treated with a spray formulation of yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at 10 grams of yeast per liter (gAi / L). Yeast particles were applied to the leaves of the corn plants using a CO2 backpack sprayer at an amount of 50 gallons per acre. The carrier for the yeast particles was water. Data was collected on the plants to determine a rating scale 12 days after treatment of the corn with the yeast particles (Fig. 6).[000462] The addition of yeast particles to the standard com plant (also referred to as “non- traited” plant) did not result in mortality of the fall army worms, indicating that the yeast particles themselves were not capable of controlling the fall army worm pests. However, addition of yeast particles to the transgenic com plant (also referred to as “traited” plant) did cause an increase in the mortality of the fall army worms relative to transgenic plants that were not treated with yeast particles. These data indicate that the yeast particles enhance the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins expressed by a transgenic plant (biopesticide expressed by the transgenic plants).14282356vl 93 / 164Example 10. Delivery of yeast particles to transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein[000463] Experiments were conducted to determine the damage to a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (a crystal protein) following infestation with fall army worms that are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry IFa protein (a similar protein to Cryl Ab protein with apparent cross resistance in the CrylFa resistant fall armyworm population) and treatment with yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components).[000464] The com plants were infested with 1st instar Bt-resistant fall army worms (FAW) larvae at 5 larvae per plant (infested using a 1.5 micro centrifuge tube). Corn was treated with a spray formulation of yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at varying concentrations (100 grams of yeast per hectare (gAI / ha), 500 gAi / ha, or 1000 gAi / ha). Yeast Particle 1 in Fig. 7 were the same as those noted as Yeast Particle 1 in Example 9. Yeast Particle 2 in Fig- 7 were the same as those noted as Yeast Particle 3 in Example 9. A first selection of plants were sprayed with a single treatment; a second selection of plants were sprayed with two treatments. Yeast particles were applied to the leaves of the corn plants using a CO2 backpack sprayer at an amount of 50 gallons per acre. The carrier for the yeast particles was water. Data was collected on the plants to determine a rating scale after 14 days (Fig. 7).[000465] The addition of yeast particles to the transgenic corn plant (also referred to as “traited” plant) caused a reduction in insect counts (i.e., increased mortality of the fall army worms) relative to the transgenic plants that were not treated with yeast particles. This technical effect was observed for plants that underwent a single treatment or two treatments. These data indicate that the yeast particles enhance the efficacy of the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein (biopesticide expressed by the transgenic plants) even when being used to control Bt- resistant insects, indicating that use of the methods and compositions of yeast particles of the present invention can be used to control insect populations that have acquired resistance to a Bt- transgenic plant or crop.Example 11. Delivery of yeast particles and chlorantraniliprole to transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein[000466] Experiments were conducted to determine the damage to a transgenic corn plant expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cryl Ab protein (a crystal protein) following infestation with fall army worms that are resistant to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Cry 1 Ab protein and treatment with yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components). Certain plants were further treated with Coragen® (formulation of chlorantraniliprole).14282356vl 94 / 164[000467] The com plants were infested with 1st instar Bt-resistant fall army worms (FAW) larvae at 5 larvae per plant (infested using a 1.5 micro centrifuge tube). Corn was treated with a spray formulation of (1) yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at varying concentrations (100 grams of active ingredient per hectare (gAI / ha), 500 gAi / ha, or 1000 gAi / ha); (2) Coragen® alone (1 ounce / acre or 5 ounce / acre); or (3) Coragen® (1 ounce / acre) and yeast particles. A first selection of plants were sprayed with a single treatment; a second selection of plants were sprayed with two treatments (second treatment seven days after the first). Yeast particles were applied to the leaves of the corn plants using a CO2 backpack sprayer at an amount of 50 gallons per acre. The carrier for the yeast particles was water. Data was collected on the plants to determine a rating scale after 14 days (Fig. 8).[000468] The addition of yeast particles to the transgenic corn plant (also referred to as “traited” plant) caused a reduction in insect counts (i.e., increased mortality of the fall army worms) relative to plants that were not treated with yeast particles. This technical effect was observed for plants that underwent a single treatment or two treatments. The delivery of yeast particles and Coragen® (chlorantraniliprole) provided complete control of the pest population, with all insects dead at the end of the experiment. Notably, the addition of yeast particles to this composition (comprising 1 oz / ac Coragen®) was equally effective as the delivery of five-times more Coragen® (5 oz / ac) and markedly better than Coragen® alone (i.e., without yeast particles). [000469] These data indicate that the yeast particles enhance the efficacy of chemical pesticides such as chlorantraniliprole for controlling insects.Example 12. Delivery of yeast particles and chlorantraniliprole to transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crystal protein[000470] Plants used in this assay type expressed Cryl Ab Bt traits. At the time of the experiment, the plants were at late V2 or early V3 stage and two to three of the lowest leaves had a visible collar. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 8 replications. A single, preventative application of the experimental treatments was applied using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with an Even Flat Fan nozzle 8002 at a volume of 50 gallons per acre and pressure 46 PSI.[000471] Once dry, treated plants were infested with 2 first instar Bt resistant fall armyworm larvae (Spodoptera frugiperdd) each. Feeding damage was assessed at 7, 11, and 13 days after application (DAA) according to the widely used categorical rating scale from Davis et al 1992. Insects were counted at 13 DAA. Defoliation data was analyzed in JMP® (Version 17.0.0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2023) using a Kruskall-Wallis test for nonparametric comparison followed by pairwise comparisons using Wilcoxon method. For insect counts,14282356vl 95 / 164general linear analysis was performed by conducting an ANOVA with a Student’s t test for multiple comparisons to evaluate treatment means.[000472] A high rate (5 oz / ac, labeled for field use) and a low rate (1 oz / ac) of Coragen® (Chlorantraniliprole) were tested, along with the low rate plus yeast particles at 1000 grams of active ingredient per hectare (gAI / ha).[000473] As shown in Fig. 9, the results demonstrate that the yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) had a statistically significant positive impact on the efficacy of the chemical pesticide (Coragen®). The results show that the combination of yeast particles and a low rate of Coragen® provides similar efficacy to a usage rate of Coragen® five times higher.Example 13. Delivery of yeast particles and chlorantraniliprole to soybean plants[000474] Plants used in this assay type were 17-day old soybeans. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 8 replications. A single, preventative application of the experimental treatments was applied using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with an Even Flat Fan nozzle 8002 at a volume of 50 gallons per acre and pressure 46 PSI.[000475] Treated plants were placed into 16”Wxl6”Dx24”H cages with a zipper closure, 2 plants per cage. Plants were then infested with 5 first instar soybean looper larvae (Chrysodeixis includens) per plant (10 larvae per cage).[000476] Defoliation was assessed visually at 6-7 and 11-12 days after treatment using a pictorial scale. Each leaflet was assessed individually, and whole-plant defoliation values were averaged for the two plants in each cage. Defoliation values were reported as cage averages. At 11-12 days, per cage insect counts were assessed. Defoliation and insect data was analyzed in JMP® (Version 17.0.0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2023). General linear analysis was performed by conducting an ANOVA with a Student’s t test for multiple comparisons to evaluate treatment means.[000477] A high rate (5 oz / ac) and three low rates of Coragen® (Chlorantraniliprole) were tested, and yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at 1000 gAi / ha were added to the low rates.[000478] As shown in Fig- 10, the results demonstrate that yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) had a statistically significant positive impact on the efficacy of Coragen® at every rate tested. The results also show that adding yeast particles to Coragen® not only reduces insect feeding but is in fact contributing to the mortality of insects in the studies. The combination of yeast particles and a low rate of Coragen® provides similar efficacy for a usage rate of Coragen® five times higher. These results demonstrate an efficacy boost to chlorantraniliprole provided by yeast particles across two different insect species and crops.14282356vl 96 / 164Example 14. Delivery of yeast particles and novaluron to soybean plants[000479] Plants used in this assay type were 17-day old soybeans. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 8 replications. A single, preventative application of the experimental treatments was applied using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with an Even Flat Fan nozzle 8002 at a volume of 50 gallons per acre and pressure 46 PSI.[000480] Treated plants were placed into 16”Wxl6”Dx24”H cages with a zipper closure, 2 plants per cage. Plants were then infested with 5 first instar soybean looper larvae (Chrysodeixis includens) per plant (10 larvae per cage).[000481] Defoliation was assessed visually at 6-7 and 11-12 days after treatment using a pictorial scale. Each leaflet was assessed individually, and whole-plant defoliation values were averaged for the two plants in each cage. Defoliation values were reported as cage averages. At 11-12 days, per cage insect counts were assessed. Defoliation and insect data was analyzed in JMP® (Version 17.0.0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2023). General linear analysis was performed by conducting an ANOVA with a Student’s t test for multiple comparisons to evaluate treatment means.[000482] Yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at 1000 grams of active ingredient per hectare (gAI / ha) were tested in combination with two rates of the insect growth regulator Rimon (Novaluron). As shown in Fig. 11, the results demonstrate a statistically significant efficacy boost to Rimon with the addition of the yeast particles at both Rimon rates. Efficacy is shown both through defoliation reduction and increased insect mortality. These results show that yeast particles enhance activity of insecticide chemistries with widely divergent modes of action.Example 15. Delivery of yeast particles and spinosad to soy plants[000483] Plants used in this assay type were 17-day old soybeans. A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 8 replications. A single, preventative application of the experimental treatments was applied using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with an Even Flat Fan nozzle 8002 at a volume of 50 gallons per acre and pressure 46 PSI.[000484] Treated plants were placed into 16”Wxl6”Dx24”H cages with a zipper closure, 2 plants per cage. Plants were then infested with 5 first instar soybean looper larvae (Chrysodeixis includens) per plant (10 larvae per cage).[000485] Defoliation was assessed visually at 6-7 and 11-12 days after treatment using a pictorial scale. Each leaflet was assessed individually, and whole-plant defoliation values were averaged for the two plants in each cage. Defoliation values were reported as cage averages. At14282356vl 97 / 16411-12 days, per cage insect counts were assessed. Defoliation and insect data was analyzed in JMP® (Version 17.0.0. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, 1989-2023). General linear analysis was performed by conducting an ANOVA with a Student’s t test for multiple comparisons to evaluate treatment means.[000486] Yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) at 1000 gAi / ha were tested in combination with two rates of the spinosyn Entrust (Spinosad). As shown in Fig. 12, the results demonstrate a statistically significant efficacy boost to Entrust with the addition of the yeast particles at both Entrust rates. Efficacy is shown both through defoliation reduction and increased insect mortality. These results show that yeast particles enhance activity of insecticide chemistries with widely divergent modes of action.Example 16. Delivery of yeast particles and diflubenzuron to cabbage plants[000487] Greenhouse testing established that addition of yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to Dimilin brand pesticide (active ingredient: diflubenzuron) resulted in less plant damage compared to Dimilin alone at various concentrations. Addition of yeast particles provided a strong improvement over diflubenzuron, even when reducing the dose of the pesticide by 75%.[000488] To conduct these greenhouse tests, cabbage was transplanted from the nursery into pots in the greenhouse and grown for about 2-4 weeks following transplantation. Four replicates of one plant per pot were used. On day -1, each plant was artificially infested with 15 Plutella Xylostella (Diamondback Moth) larvae (L1-L2) using a paintbrush. Two days following infestation (i.e., Day 0) plants test materials were applied to leaves using an air compressed boom sprayer. Plants were observed and rated for % damage on Days 0, 2, 6, 9, and 13.[000489] Eight testing groups were utilized: (1) Untreated control; (2) Dimlin 16 grams of active ingredient per hectare (gAI / ha); (3) Dimlin 8 gAI / ha; (4) Dimline 4 gAI / ha; (5) Dimlin 8 gAI / ha + yeast particles 100 gAI / ha; (6) Dimlin 8 g AL / ha + yeast particles 500 g Al / ha; (7) Dimlin 8 g AL / ha + yeast particles 1000 g Al / ha; and (8) (5) Dimlin 4 g AL / ha + yeast particles 500 g Al / ha.[000490] Results across all data collection points are shown in Fig. 13A. Results of the Day 9 observation are shown in Figure Fig. 13B. As shown, yeast particles improved the efficacy of Dimlin. All test samples with yeast particles outperformed the highest concentration of 16 g AL / ha Dimlin tested without yeast particles. For example, even when reducing the concentration of Dimlin from 16 g AL / ha to 4 g / AI / ha, the addition of yeast particles resulted in an improvement in pest control.14282356vl 98 / 164Example 17. Delivery of yeast particles and cypermethrin to cauliflower plants[000491] Greenhouse testing established that addition of yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to Upala brand pesticide (active ingredient cypermethrin) resulted in less plant damage compared to Upala alone at various concentrations. Addition of yeast particles provided a strong improvement over cypermethrin alone, and similar results were obtained for Upala at concentrations of 75% of the concentration of Upala needed without yeast cell wall particles.[000492] The test protocol here matches that of Example 16 above, except that cauliflower plants were used. Results are shown in Fig. 14. The strongest control was provided by Upala at 0.15 liters / hectare (L / ha), but the composition with one quarter of that dose (0.0375 L / ha) of Upala plus 500 g Al / ha of yeast particles provided a similar result. Generally, each tested composition of Upala with yeast cell wall particle outperformed Upala alone at the same rate.Example 18. Delivery of yeast particles and Bt pesticide[000493] Greenhouse testing established that addition of yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to Leprotec brand biopesticide (Bt kurstaki strain EVB-113-19) resulted in less plant damage compared to Leprotec alone at various concentrations. Addition of yeast particles provided a strong improvement over Leprotec, such that similar results were obtained for Leprotec at concentrations of 75% of the concentration of Leprotec needed without yeast cell wall particles.[000494] The test protocol here matches that of Example 16 above, except that cauliflower plants were used. Results are shown in Fig. 15. As an example, Leprotec at 1 g Al / ha with 500 g Al / ha yeast cell wall particles (Item 11) performed similarly to Leprotec at 4 g Al / ha without yeast cell wall particles (Item 8). Other yeast cell wall particle compositions containing Leprotec at 1g Ai / ha (Item 14), 2 g Al / ha (Item 15), and 4 g Al / ha (Item 16) all outperformed Leprotec alone at 4 g Al / ha.Example 19. Delivery of yeast particles and acetamiprid to soy plants[000495] Yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components (Biocapsule PF-I-011) at 1000 gAi / ha was tested in combination with three concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide ArVida (Acetamiprid). The concentrations tested are equivalent to field-relevant concentrations of the neonicotinoid.[000496] The results demonstrate a statistically significant efficacy boost to ArVida with the addition of our formulation at two ArVida rates tested. In the case of this chemistry as well, efficacy was shown both through defoliation reduction and increased insect mortality (Fig. 16).14282356vl 99 / 164These results corroborate that our formulation enhances efficacy in widely-used insecticide chemistries with different modes of action.Example 20. Delivery of biopesticide to leaves of cabbage plants[000497] The ability of polysaccharides and yeast particles (comprising yeast cell wall components) to enhance the efficacy of a biopesticide was evaluated in this Example. The tested biopesticide was DIPEL® (Bacillus thuringiensis, spp. kurstaki - a Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism).[000498] Leaves from 3 -week old Chinese cabbage plants (N=40) were sprayed (using an airbrush treatment) with a composition applied at a concentration of 0.15 mL and then infested with four neonate Diamondback moth larvae. Mortality of the insects and leaf disc consumption was observed on Days 5, 7, and 11 after insect infestation.[000499] The tested compositions were: (1) DIPEL® low concentration (susceptible LC20); (2) DIPEL® high (susceptible LC50); (3) laminarin; (4) Laminarin + DIPEL® low; (5) Laminarin + DIPEL® high; (6) 0-1,3-glucan; (7) 0-1,3-glucan + DIPEL® low; (8) 0-1,3-glucan + DIPEL® high; (9) yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components; (10) yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components + DIPEL® low; and (11) yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components + DIPEL® high. A control experiment involved delivery of water alone. The DIPEL® low concentration was 327.8 ng / mL; the DIPEL® high concentration was 1545 ng / mL. The Laminarin was derived from Laminaria digilala: the 0-1,3-glucan was derived from Euglena gracilis,' and the yeast particles were yeast glucan particles derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[000500] As shown in Fig. 17, the addition of laminarin or 0-1,3-glucan provided an increase in mortality when in compositions delivering the Bacillus thuringiensis microorganism at the lower concentration of DIPEL® tested. Yeast cell wall particles provided an enhancement compared to both concentrations of DIPEL®. This increase in mortality is most pronounced at Day 11. These results demonstrate that yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall particles enhance efficacy of biopesticides; and that polysaccharides (laminarin and 0-1,3-glucan) enhance efficacy of biopesticides.Example 21. Delivery of yeast particles and a Bt biopesticide to control Bt-resistant diamondback moth[000501] Greenhouse trials have demonstrated that application of insecticidal dsRNA encapsulated in yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components following application of with a sprayable Bt pesticide provides significantly improved efficacy against Dipel-resistant14282356vl 100 / 164Diamondback Moth at both the label rate and sublethal rate of the Bt pesticide. Application of the yeast cell wall encapsulated, insecticidal dsRNA provided similar efficacy following the sublethal dose of the Bt pesticide compared to application with the label rate of the Bt pesticide without any subsequent application of yeast cell walls or insecticidal dsRNA. At label rates for the Bt pesticide, the combined treatment provided significantly improved efficacy. These results demonstrate that use of dsRNA encapsulated in yeast cell walls following application of a Bt biopesticide can help users obtain either greater efficacy at the same rate or similar efficacy with reduced use rates for their Bt biopesticides, with potential benefits of slowing development of Bt-resistance in lepidopteran populations.[000502] Nine total conditions, an untreated control plus eight different treatments plus, were run in eight replicates: (1) Untreated control; (2) Dipel at sublethal reduced rate (based on a separate rate ranging test conducted to determine this sublethal rate); (3) commercially available Dipel brand Bt biopesticide at the label rate; (4) encapsulated control dsRNA (GS4); (5) Dipel at sublethal rate rate followed by followed by encapsulated GS4 control dsRNA (6) Dipel at label rate followed by encapsulated GS4 control dsRNA; (7) Encapsulated insecticidal dsRNA GS6370 (targeting diamondback moth Plutella xylostella IAP gene); (8) Dipel at sublethal rate followed by encapsulated GS6370; and (9) Dipel at sublethal rate followed by encapsulated GS6370.[000503] Encapsulated dsRNA was prepared according to CCA using SHMP as the nuclease inhibitor and branched PEI as the trapping agent, at a weight ratio of .75PEI : 1 SHMP : 1 dsRNA.[000504] Ten-day old Chinese cabbage plants were sprayed with the relevant compositions on day 0, with an initial application of Dipel or water (where applicable) followed by encapsulated dsRNA or water on day 3, where applicable. Following the first application, plants were artificially infested with a well-characterized lab colony of commercially available, Dipel- resistant diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella') at the neonate life stage. dsRNA for this test was applied curatively 3 days after first application at a rate of 500 g active ingredient per hectare. Approximately ten insects per plant were used for infestation. At day 11, defoliation based on % leaf remaining was measured.[000505] Results are shown in Figure 18. As shown, yeast cell wall encapsulated GS6370 applied following application of Dipel at sublethal EC50 provided for statistically identical amount of defoliation compared to Dipel alone at the label rate, while a combination of the Dipel treatment at label rate followed by the yeast cell wall encapsulated GS6370 treatment provided significantly less defoliation than any other combination.14282356vl 101 / 164Example 22. Confirmation of gene knockdown from encapsulated pesticidal polynucleotide[000506] The greenhouse assay protocol described above was replicated using two treatments of interest (1) label rate of Dipel + encapsulated GS4 and (2) Label rate of Dipel + encapsulated GS6370 to collect insects for target gene knockdown analysis. Nine replicates were collected per treatment and within each replicate two Dipel-resistant diamondback moth larvae were collected 6 days after infestation and 3 days after encapsulated dsRNA was applied. Expression levels of IAP were significantly lower in insects exposed to the Dipel + encapsulated GS6370 (p-value 0.1, student’s t-test). IAP was knocked down 38% in isoform l(p-value 0.098) and 27% in isoform 2 (p-value 0.086).Example 23. Encapsulated dsRNA performed similarly to biological and chemical standard treatments[000507] Field testing confirmed that encapsulated GS6370 dsRNA performed statistically similarly to label rate of Bt pesticide, XenTari, a biological standard. Encapsulated dsRNA was prepared as described in Example 21 above. Eight replicates were run for five groups: (1) untreated control; (2) chemical standard Coragen (active ingredient chlorantraniliprole); (3) encapsulated GS6370 dsRNA (targeting IAP gene in DBM); (4) Xentari biological standard; and (5) encapsulated GS4 control dsRNA. Collards were sprayed with the test materials on days 0, 7, and 14 and damage per plant and number of DBM larvae per plant was assessed on days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Results are showing in Figure 19. On day 28 damage and larvae per plant was statistically identical for the biological standard, chemical standard, and encapsulated GS6370 dsRNA and all were significantly improved vs. untreated and dsRNA control.Example 24. Formulated, Fractured Fragmented Yeast Cell Walls Enhance Efficacy of Spinosad Against Soybean Looper[000508] A randomized complete block experimental design was used with 8 replications. A single, preventative application of the experimental treatments was applied to seventeen-day old soybean, variety Williams 82 using a handheld CO2 pressurized sprayer fitted with an Even Flat Fan nozzle 8002 at an application volume of 50 gallons per acre and pressure 46 PSI. Control treatments included an untreated control, Spinosad at low label rate of 37 gAi / ha as well as the approximate LC50 rate of 6.3 gAi / Ha and an intermediate rate of 12.7 gAi / ha. Test treatments applied a composition comprising yeast particles (composition described in Table 1) mixed with the same doses of Spinosad as in the control treatments.14282356vl 102 / 164[000509] Once dry, treated plants were placed into cages with a zipper closure, 2 plants per cage. Plants were then infested with 7 first instar soybean looper larvae (Chrysodeixis includens) per plant (14 larvae per cage).[000510] Defoliation was assessed visually at 6-7 and 11-12 days after treatment using a pictorial scale. Each leaflet was assessed individually, and whole-plant defoliation values were averaged for the two plants in each cage. Defoliation values were reported as cage averages. Defoliation was analyzed in with commercially available software. General linear analysis was performed by conducting an ANOVA with a Student’s t test for multiple comparisons to evaluate treatment means.[000511] Results are shown in FIG. 20, demonstrating significant decrease in defoliation from the addition of the fragmented yeast cell walls to Spinosad vs. the same rates of spinosad.Table 1. Example composition comprising yeast particles14282356vl 103 / 164Example 25. Formulated, Fractured Fragmented Yeast Cell Walls Enhance Efficacy of Broflanilide Against Soybean Looper[000512] Testing of formulated, fragmented yeast cell walls with broflanilide were carried out using the same method as set forth in Example 24 and using the example composition comprising yeast particles as set forth in Table 1. Broflanilide was applied at the LC50 rate of 4.68 gAi / ha as a control and in test groups mixed with 250 gAi / ha or 500 gA / ha of the fragmented yeast cell walls. Results shown in FIG. 21 demonstrate significant decrease in defoliation in test groups compared to control broflanilide treatment.Example 26. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Codling Moth in the Field.[000513] In field testing, control groups of Alacore (Chloraniliprole), Avaunt (Indoxacarb), and Entrust (spinosad) and test groups combining each pesticide with formulate fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied with a commercial airblast sprayer, to apple trees in various concentrations shown in Fig. 22. Untreated control was also used. 14 days after application, fruit of each tree were observed for damage from coddling moth and mean sting incidence was calculated to quantify damage. Results are shown in Fig. 22. Test treatments applied a composition comprising yeast particles (composition described in Table 2) mixed with the same doses of pesticides as in the control treatments.[000514] Addition of yeast cell walls to Altacor resulted in less damage to fruit than Altacor alone at double the use rate. Addition of yeast cell walls to Avaunt resulted in less damage to fruit than Avaunt alone at the same and double the use rate. And addition of fragmented yeast cell walls to Entrust alone resulted in less damage at the same use rate of Entrust.Table 2. Example composition comprising yeast particles14282356vl 104 / 164Acticide L30 0.08%Example 27. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Peach Twig Borer in the Field.[000515] In field testing, control groups of Minecto Pro (Cyantraniliprole + Abamectin) and test groups combining Minecto Pro with formulated fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied with a commercial airblast sprayer, to peach trees in various concentrations shown in Fig. 23. Methods were carried out using the same method as set forth in Example 26 and using the example composition comprising yeast particles as set forth in Table 2. Untreated control was also used. 14 days after application fruit of each tree were observed for damage from peach twig borer strikes and mean borer strikes were calculated to quantify damage. Results are shown in Fig. 23. The test group of fragmented yeast cell walls plus Minecto Pro 6 fl oz / a resulted in less damage than the control groups with the same and double the rate of Minecto Pro alone.Example 28. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Euschistus heros (Brown Stinkbug) in the Field.[000516] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of acephate, an organophosphate pesticide, applications against Euschistus heros (brown stinkbug): (1) acephate; and (2) acephate tank mixed with formulated fragmented yeast cell walls were sprayed in two separate applications ten days apart. Test plots and untreated control were observed for nymphs and adults on one day, three days, and seven days after the second spray application and three days, seven days, and ten days after the second spray application. Percent control results are shown in Figs. 24A and 24B, with percent control calculated based on mean individuals observed per plant against control plots. Results displayed in Figures 24A and 24B demonstrate that that fractured yeast cell walls improved the ability of acephate control of brown stink bug nymphs and adults at various timepoints, including at the latest observation point (14 days after second application).Example 29. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Frankliniella schultzei (Cotton Thrips) in the Field.[000517] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of chlorfenapyr14282356vl 105 / 164applications against Frankliniella schultzei (cotton thrips) on soy: (1) chlorfenapyr; (2) chlorfenapyr tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls; and (3) untreated control. Applications were sprayed and plots were observed one day after application, seven days, after application, and ten days after application. Results are shown in Fig. 25. Untreated control is represented by the line graph portion, indicating average number of thrips per plant observed in the untreated control plots. Plots treated with clorfenapyr tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls resulted in 100% mortality vs. untreated control at one day and seven days after appliction, while clorfenapyr alone represented only 83% or 66% control vs. untreated control.Example 30 Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Drosophila suzukii in the Field.[000518] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of spinosad, spinetoram (a semi-synthetic derivative of Spinosad), and malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) applications against Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) on blackberries. In separate trials (1) Spinosad or spinetoram or malathion (half label rate); (2) Spinosad or spinetoram or malathion (full label rate); and (3) Spinosad or spinetoram or malathion (half label rate) tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied to blackberries. Three applications were made on a seven-day interval. The day after the final application, twenty blackberries per plant were harvested and soaked in saltwater to draw out maggots from the flesh of the fruit. The number of Drosophila suzukii maggots were observed. The average number of maggots per 20 blackberries is shown in Figure 26A (Spinosad test), Figure 26B (spinetoram test), or Figure 26C (malathion test). In all three tests, the addition of fragmented yeast cell walls improved the performance of the insecticide applied at half its label rate to outperform the application of half label rate without yeast cell walls and in two instances (Spinosad and Malathion) to outperform the full label rate without yeast cell walls.Example 31 Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Drosophila suzukii in the Field.[000519] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of spinosad or spinetoram applications against Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila) on blueberries. In separate trials: (1) Spinosad or spinetoram (half label rate); (2) Spinosad or spinetoram (full label rate); and (3) Spinosad or spinetoram (half label rate) tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied to blueberries. Three applications were made on a seven-day interval. The day14282356vl 106 / 164after the final application, twenty blueberries per plant were harvested and soaked in saltwater to draw out maggots from the flesh of the fruit. The average number of maggots per 20 blueberries is shown in Figure 27. Addition of fragmented yeast cell walls improved the performance of Spinosad applied at half its labeled rate to outperform the application of half label rate without yeast cell walls the full label rate without yeast cell walls. For spinetoram, addition of yeast cell walls improved the performance of the half label rate application compared to half rate spinetoram without yeast cell walls and nearly match the performance of the full label rate spinetoram.Example 32. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Leptoglossus zonatus (Leaf-Footed Bug) in the Field.[000520] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of sulfoxaflor against leaf-footed bug on cotton. In separate trials: (1) sulfoxaflor (label rate); (2); sulfoxaflor (half label rate) tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied to cotton. Three applications were made on seven-day interval. Following initial application, the number of adult leaf footed bugs were observed prior to application and one week, two week, three weeks and four weeks after application. The mean number of adults per plot for each test group and untreated control at each observation point is shown in Figure 28. The mixture of half rate sulfoxaflor with fragmented yeast cell walls consistently maintained lower insect populations compared to the full label rate sulfoxaflor without yeast cell walls.Example 33. Yeast Particles Improve Efficacy of Pesticides Against Bermisia tabaci (Sweetpotato Whitefly) in the Field.[000521] Field testing was conducted to measure the ability of formulated fragmented yeast cell walls (formulated as described in Table 1) to improve the efficacy of sulfoxaflor against whitefly on cotton. In separate trials: (1) sulfoxaflor (label rate); (2); sulfoxaflor (half label rate) tank mixed with fragmented yeast cell walls, were applied to cotton. Three applications were made on seven-day interval. A pre-application count was made and then the number of adult whiteflies bugs were observed over the course of two weeks following application. The mean number of adults per plot ...

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed:

1. A method for controlling a plant pest, the method comprising delivering a composition comprising a pesticide and yeast particles to a plant, soil, a plant pest, or a diet of a plant pest.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more surfactants.3 The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the yeast particles are selected from the group consisting of yeast cell wall components, intact yeast cell walls, and fragmented yeast cell walls.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the yeast particles comprise fragmented yeast cell wall components.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the yeast particles comprise fragmented yeast cell walls.

6. The method of claim 4 or 5, wherein the yeast particles have been fragmented by bead milling.

7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the pesticide is not encapsulated within the yeast particles, optionally wherein the pesticide is tank mixed with the yeast particles.

8. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the pesticide is encapsulated within the yeast particles.

9. The method of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the composition further comprises one or more surfactants.

10. The method of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the composition further comprises one or more emulsifiers, one or more antifoam agents, one or more preservatives, and one or more rheology agents; and optionally wherein the composition further comprises one or more diluents.14282356vl 148 / 16411. The method of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the yeast particles are about 10% to about 50% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

12. The method of any one of claims 1-11, wherein the yeast particles are about 20% to about 30% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

13. The method of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the yeast particles comprise about 25% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

14. The method of any one of claims 2-13, wherein the one or more surfactants comprises methyl oleate and methyl linoleate prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the methyl oleate and methyl linoleate are about 1% to about 20% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the methyl oleate and methyl linoleate are about 7% to about 11% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, and optionally wherein the methyl oleate and methyl linoleate are about 9.5% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

15. The method of any one of claims 2-13, wherein the one or more surfactants comprises methylated soybean oil prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the methylated soybean oil is about 1% to about 20% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the methylated soybean oil is about 7% to about 11% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

16. The method of any one of claims 10-15, wherein the one or more emulsifiers comprise castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 calcium and / or alkylbenzene sulfonate.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 is about 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 is about 0.3% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the alkylbenzene sulfonate is about 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the alkylbenzene sulfonate is about 0.34% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.14282356vl 149 / 16419. The method of any one of claims 10-18, wherein the one or more antifoam agents comprise polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion is about 0.01-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion is about 0.13% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

21. The method of any one of claims 10-20, wherein the one or more preservatives comprise 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; a glycol based benzisothiazolinone; and / or 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol.

22. The method of any one of claims 10-21, wherein the 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin- 3-one is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 1.11% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the 2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 0.37% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the benzisothiazolinone is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the benzisothiazolinone is about 0.12% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the 2- bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol is about 0.1% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

26. The method of any one of claims 10-22, wherein the one or more rheology agents comprise xanthan gum.14282356vl 150 / 16427. The method of claim 26, wherein the xanthan gum is about 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the xanthan gum is about 0.05% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

28. The method of any one of claims 10-27, wherein the one or more diluents comprise water.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the water is about 50-75% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the water is about 63.9% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

30. The method of any one of claims 10-28, wherein at least 50%, at least 60%, or at least 75% of the yeast particles in the composition are less than about 5 pm in diameter.

31. A method for controlling infestation of a plant by an insect, the method comprising delivering the composition of the method of any one of claims 1-30 and a pesticide to the plant, soil, a diet of the insect, or to the insect.

32. The method of any one of claims 1-31, wherein:(a) the yeast particles is about 5-50% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein the yeast particles is about 10.5% or 25.2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(b) methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester is about 1-20% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein methyl oleate / linoleate methyl ester is about 9.5% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(c) castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 is about 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein castor oil ethoxylate POE-40 is about 0.3% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(d) alkylbenzene sulfonate is about 0.05-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein alkylbenzene sulfonate is about 0.34% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(e) polydimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion is about 0.01-2% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein14282356vl 151 / 164poly dimethylsiloxane antifoam emulsion is about 0.13% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(f) 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 1.11% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(g) 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein 2-methyl-4- isothiazolin-3-one is about 0.37% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(h) benzisothiazolinone is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein benzisothiazolinone is about 0.12% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(i) 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-l,3 diol is about 0.01-4% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein 2-bromo-2- nitropropane-1,3 diol is about 0.1% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide;(j) xanthan gum is about 0.01-0.1% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein xanthan gum is about 0.05% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide; and(k) water is about 50-75% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide, optionally wherein water is about 63.9% of the total weight of the composition prior to addition of the pesticide.

33. The method of any one of claims 1-32, wherein the pesticide is one or more of a chemical pesticide, pesticidal polynucleotide, or pesticidal protein.

34. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is selected from Coffea plants, Rutacea plants (including, but not limited to, citrus plants), Rosaceae plants (including, but not limited to, pomme plants, such as apple and pear), stone fruit (including, but not limited to, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, pluots, cherries, mangos, dates, blackberries, raspberries, and coconuts), tropical fruit (including, but not limited to, Anacardiaceae plants (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae plants (papaya), Passifloraceae plants (passion fruit), Lauraceae plants (avocado), Malphigiaceae plants14282356vl 152 / 164(Acerola), Musaceae plants (banana) and Sapindaceae plants (rambutan, lychee, longan)), Vitaceae plants, leafy vegetables, and fruiting vegetables.

35. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a plant of the Coffea family, optionally wherein the plant is a species of coffee, including, but not limited to, Coffea arabica, Coffea canephora, Coffea eugenioides, and hybrids.

36. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a plant of the Rutacea family, optionally a citrus plant (including but not limited to orange, lemon, grapefruit, lime, calamansi, kumquat, and mandarin), white sapote, orangeberry, limeberry, bael, or curry tree.

37. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a plant of the Rosaceae family, optionally a pomme plant such as apple or pear.

38. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a stone fruit, optionally a peach, nectarine, apricot, plum, pluot, cherry, mango, date, blackberry, raspberry, or coconut.

39. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a tropical fruit, optionally an Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew, hog plum, imbu), Annoanaceae (custard apple, cherimoya, guanabana, soursop, sugar apple), Bombacaceae (durian), Bromeliaceae (pineapple), Caricaceae (papaya), Passifloraceae (passion fruit), Lauraceae (avocado), Malphigiaceae (Acerola), Musaceae (banana), Sapindaceae (rambutan, lychee, longan), or Vitaceae plant.

40. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a leafy vegetable.

41. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is a fruiting vegetable.

42. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of Solanaceae plants, Brassicaceae plants, Poaceae plants, Cucurbitaceae plants, Farbaceae plants, Fagaceae plants, Asteraceae plants, Amaryllidaceae plants, Umbelliferae plants, Apiaceae plants, Amranthaceae plants, and Malvaceae plants.

43. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is corn.

44. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is soy.

45. The method of any one of claims 1-33, wherein the plant is cotton.14282356vl 153 / 16446. The method of any one of claim 1-45, wherein the pest is codling moth.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the pesticide is chloraniliprole, indoxacarb, Spinosad, methoxyfenozide, spinetoram, or mixtures thereof.

48. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is diamondback moth.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein the pesticide is Spinosad, Lambda-cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, novaluron, chlorfenapyr. or combinations thereof.

50. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is navel orange worm.

51. The method of claim 50, wherein the pesticide is Indoxacarb, methoxyfenozide, Spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole, or combinations thereof.

52. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is spotted wing drosophila.

53. The method of claim 50, wherein the pesticide is Spinosad, Spinetoram, Malathion, or combinations thereof.

54. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a thrip.

55. The method of claim 54, wherein the thrip is a western flower thrip.

56. The method of claim 54, wherein the thrip is a cotton thrip.

57. The method of any one of claims 54 to 56, wherein the pesticide is spirotetramat, sulfoxaflor, spinosad, malathion, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, chlorantraniliprole or combinations thereof.

58. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a mite.

59. The method of claim 58, wherein the mite is a two-spotted spider mite.14282356vl 154 / 16460. The method of claim 58 or 59, wherein the pesticide is Abamectin, Bifenthrin, acequinocyl, propargite, etoxazole, chlorfenapyr, flubendiamide or combinations thereof.

61. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a white fly.

62. The method of claim 61, wherein the white fly is Bermisia tabaci.

63. The method of claim 61 or 62, wherein the pesticide is chlorfenapyr, lambda-cyhalothrin, thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Flupyradifurone, Afidopyropen, Cyantraniliprole, Pyriproxyfen or combinations thereof.

64. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a Spodoptera spp.

65. The method of claim 64, wherein the pest is Spodoptera frugiperda.

66. The method of claim 64, wherein the pest is Spodoptera littoralis.

67. The method of claim 64, wherein the pest is Spodoptera litura.

68. The method of any one of claims 64 to 67, wherein the pesticide is chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, Spinetoram, Spinosad, teflubenzuron, Cyantraniliprole, methomyl flubendiamide, or combinations thereof.

69. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is Helicoverpa spp.

70. The method of claim 69, where in the Helicoverpa spp. is Helicoverpa zea.

71. The method of claim 69 or 70, wherein the pesticide is chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, Spinetoram, Spinosad, methomyl, teflubenzuron, flubendiamide, or combinations thereof.

72. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a stinkbug.

73. The method of claim 72, wherein the stinkbug is Euschistus heros (neotropical brown stink bug).14282356vl 155 / 16474. The method of claim 72, wherein the stinkbug is green bellied stinkbug.

75. The method of any one of claims 72 to 74, wherein the pesticide is acephate, imidacloprid, ethiprole, thiamethoxam, lambda cyhalothrin, bifenthrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, or combinations thereof.

76. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the plant pest is an insect of the family Lyonetiidae.

77. The method of claim 76, wherein the insect is Leucoptera coffeella.

78. The method of claim 76 or 77, wherein the pesticide is one or more of thiomethoxam, cartap, piriproxifen, profenofos, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole, lufenuron, novaluron, lambda cyhalothrin, and cyantraniliprole.

79. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is in the family Crambidae, optionally wherein the insect is Diatraea saccharalis (sugarcane borer).

80. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is Ecdytolopha aurantiana (citrus fruit borer), peach twig borer (Anarsia linealellct). coddling moth (Cydia pomonellct). a member of the family Gelechiidae, or a member of the family Torrricidae.

81. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is in the family Drosophilidae.

82. The method of claim 81, wherein the pest is Drosophila suzukii (Spotted wing drosophila).

83. The method of claim 81 or 82, wherein the pesticide is one or more of spinosad or spinetoram or malathion.

84. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a lepidopteran insect of a family selected from the group consisting of Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies), Danaidae (milkweed butterflies), Pieridae (whites and sulfurs) Papilionidae (swallowtails), Lycaenidae (blues, coppers, and hairstreaks), Hesperiidae (skippers), Tineidae (clothes moths), Sesiidae (clearwing moths), Pyralidae (snout moths), Lasiocampidae (lappet moths), Satumiidae (giant14282356vl 156 / 164silk moths), Sphingidae (hawk moths), Arctiidae (tiger moths), Lymantriidae (tussock moths), Noctuidae (loopers, owlet moths, and underwings), and Plutellidae (diamond back moths).

85. The method of claim 84, wherein the pest is Plutella xylostella.

86. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest belongs to the order Coleoptera and wherein Coleopteran insect is of a species selected from the group consisting of Leptinotarsa spp., Phyllotreta spp., Cerotoma spp., Diabrotica spp., Tribolium spp., Anthonomus spp. and Alticini spp.

87. The method of claim 86, wherein the pest is Colorado potato beetle.

88. The method of claim 87, wherein the pest is Colorado potato beetle and the pesticide comprises ledprona.

89. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is a mite of the family Tetranychidae .

90. The method of claim 89, wherein the mite is two-spotted spider mite.

91. The method of claim 89, wherein the mite citrus red mite.

92. The method of claim 89, wherein the mite is Eotetranychus hicoriae.

93. The method of claim 89, wherein the mite is Eotetranychus smithi.

94. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is Tuta absoluta.

95. The method of claim 94, wherein the pesticide is emamectin benzoate, chlorfenapyr, spinetoram, indoxacarb, and combinations thereof.

96. The method of any one of claims 1-45, wherein the pest is Leptoglossus zonatus.

97. The method of claim 96, wherein the pesticide is sulfoxaflor.14282356vl 157 / 16498. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a ryanodine receptor modulator (IRAC Class 28).

99. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 15).

100. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) allosteric modulator-site 1 (IRAC Class 5).

101. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an nACHR competitive modulator (IRAC Class 4), a sodium channel modulator (IRAC Class 3).

102. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) inhibitor (IRAC Class 1).

103. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a GABA-gated chloride channel blocker (IRAC Class 2).

104. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a glutamic-gated chloride channel (GLUCL) allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 6).

105. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a juvenile hormone receptor modulator (IRAC Class 7).

106. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitor (IRAC Class 8).

107. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator (IRAC Class 9).

108. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mite growth inhibitor affecting CHS1 (IRAC Class 10).

109. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP synthase (IRAC Class 12).14282356vl 158 / 164110. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient (IRAC Class 13).

111. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACHR) channel blocker (IRAC Class 14).

112. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an inhibitor of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (IRAC Class 16).

113. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a molting disruptor dipteran (IRAC Class 17).

114. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an ecdysone receptor agonist (IRAC Class 18).

115. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises octopamine receptor agonist (IRAC Class 19).

116. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QO site (IRAC Class 20).

117. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 21).

118. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a voltagedependent sodium channel blocker (IRAC Class 22).

119. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises an inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (IRAC Class 23).

120. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 24).14282356vl 159 / 164121. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mitochondrial transport inhibitor (IRAC Class 25), a chordotonal organ nicotinamidase inhibitor (IRAC Class 29).

122. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulator (IRAC Class 30).

123. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (NACHR) allosteric modulator - site II (IRAC Class 32), a calcium- activated potassium channel (KCa2) modulator (IRAC Class 33).

124. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor QI site (IRAC Class 34).

125. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises a chordotonal organ modulator - undefined target site (IRAC Class 36).

126. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises chlorantraniliprole.

127. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises abamectin.

128. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises fenpyroximate.

129. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises propargite.

130. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises acequinocyl.

131. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises cyanthraniliprole.

132. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises imidacloprid.

133. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises spinetoram.

134. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises acephate.14282356vl 160 / 164135. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises cyflumetofen.

136. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises indoxacarb.

137. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises Spinosad.

138. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises acequinocyl.

139. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises cypermethrin.

140. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises malathion.

141. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises spirotetramat.

142. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises acetamiprid.

143. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises diflubenzuron.

144. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises novaluron.

145. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises sulfoxaflor.

146. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises bifenazate.

147. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises etoxazole.

148. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises petroleum oil.

149. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises tebfenpyrad.

150. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises broflanilide.

151. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises flonicamid.14282356vl 161 / 164152. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises phosmet.

153. The method of any one of claims 1-97, wherein the pesticide comprises tolfenpyrad.

154. The method of any one of claims l-97wherein the pesticide is a double-stranded RNA capable of controlling the pest.

155. A method controlling a plant pest comprising delivering yeast particles comprising yeast cell wall components to a transgenic plant engineered to express a biopesticide.

156. The method of claim 155, wherein the yeast particles comprise fragmented yeast cell wall components.

157. The method of claim 155, wherein the yeast particles comprise fragmented yeast cell walls.

158. The method of any one of claims 154-157, wherein the composition further comprises methylated soybean oil.

159. The method of any one of claims 154-157, wherein the composition further comprises methyl oleate and methyl linoleate.

160. The method of any one of claims 154-159, wherein the pest is Spodoptera frugiperda, optionally wherein the Spodoptera frugiperda is resistant to the biopesticide.

161. The method of any one of claims 154-160, wherein the biopesticide is a Cry protein.

162. The method of claim 161, wherein the biopesticide is CrylF.

163. The method of any one of claims 1-162, wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide.

164. The method of any one of claims 1-163, wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide by at least 5%, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide by at least 10%, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide14282356vl 162 / 164by at least 20%, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide by at least 30%, optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide by at least 40%, or optionally wherein the yeast particles enhance efficacy of the pesticide by at least 50%, relative to a control composition that does not include the yeast particles.

165. The method of any one of claims 1-164, wherein the composition causes mortality in at least about 10% more pests relative to the pesticide alone.

166. The method of any one of claims 1-165, wherein percent mortality of the plant pest increases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein the mortality of the plant pest increases by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%.

167. The method of any of any one of claims 1-166, wherein percent plant part consumption by the plant pest decreases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein percent plant part consumption by the plant pest decreases by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%.

168. The method of any one of claims 1-167, wherein percent plant part surface area affected by the plant pest decreases by at least 10% following delivery, relative to the same method of treatment comprising the same composition but lacking the yeast particles, optionally wherein percent plant part surface area affected by the plant pest decreases by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%.

169. The method of any of claims 154-168, wherein the pest is a mite.

170. The method of claim 169, wherein the pest is two-spotted spider mite.

171. The method of claim 169, wherein the pest is red citrus mite.14282356vl 163 / 164

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