Safe discharge after battery pack thermal runaway
The system addresses thermal runaway in battery packs by maintaining power to the electric motor and thermal management system, ensuring safe driving and effective thermal management through controlled discharge to external loads.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/112488
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery packs face challenges in safely managing thermal runaway events, leading to potential fires, safety hazards, and loss of control during vehicle operation, as conventional systems either disconnect power entirely or fail to maintain effective thermal management.
A system that maintains power connection to the electric motor and thermal management system during thermal runaway, using a battery management system to discharge battery cells through external loads, ensuring continuous power and thermal management without complete shutdown.
Enables safe driving and extended thermal management, reducing safety risks and preventing further deterioration by allowing continuous self-discharge and maintaining power to critical systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024112488_19022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SAFE DISCHARGE AFTER BATTERY PACK THERMAL RUNAWAYFIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to electrical vehicles, and more particularly to safe discharge techniques after battery pack thermal runaway.BACKGROUND
[0002] With rapid development of new energy sources, new energy sources can provide power for more and more devices. For example, a battery pack can be used as power sources to power new energy vehicles, new energy ships, new energy aircraft, and so on. The battery pack may generate heat during operation. Under normal conditions, the heat generated by the battery packs is controllable. However, under abnormal conditions, such as collision and overcharge, etc., the heat generated by the battery pack is uncontrollable, resulting in thermal runaway. In the event of thermal runaway, a fire may be caused, which may threaten safety of the battery pack, the devices in which the battery pack is installed, and, more importantly, personal safety of the person concerned. There is a need to address thermal runaway occurred to the battery pack.SUMMARY
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
[0004] One general aspect of the present disclosure relates to a vehicle. The vehicle includes: an electric motor configured to drive the vehicle; and a battery pack, the battery pack comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a thermal management system configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack; and a battery management system configured to: monitor at least one parameters of the battery pack; and detect a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack. The vehicle further includes: a vehicle management system connected to the battery management system and the thermal management system; and at least one load controlled by the vehicle management system. When the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the battery management system is configured to determine whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power; and when the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system sends a first control signal to discharge the plurality of battery cells through the at least one load.
[0005] In some embodiments, the battery thermal runaway incident occurs when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway has occurred.
[0006] In some embodiments, the battery thermal runaway incident occurs when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway is about to occur.
[0007] In some embodiments, the battery pack further comprises a first main output terminal and a second main output terminal, and the electric motor and the at least one load are electrically connected between the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal.
[0008] In some embodiments, when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor and the at least one load.
[0009] In some embodiments, when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load, the vehicle management system reduces power delivered to the electric motor.
[0010] In some embodiments, the power delivered to the electric motor is reduced gradually.
[0011] In some embodiments, the at least one load comprises a plurality of loads, and each of the plurality of loads is characterized by a power consumption no greater than a threshold power.
[0012] In some embodiments, when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the thermal management system conducts thermal management of the battery pack.
[0013] In some embodiments, the thermal management system is powered by the plurality of battery cells.
[0014] In some embodiments, the thermal management system comprises a coolant, and the thermal management of the battery pack comprises cooling the battery pack using the coolant.
[0015] In some embodiments, the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match if a difference between the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power is larger than a threshold.
[0016] In some embodiments, the at least one load is chosen based on the difference between the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power.
[0017] In some embodiments, the at least one load comprises one or more of: a low-voltage power supply; a compressor; and a water pump.
[0018] Another general aspect of the present disclosure relates to a battery pack thermal runaway management system used for a vehicle. The vehicle includes an electric motor and at least one load. The battery pack thermal runaway management system includes: a battery pack, the battery pack comprising: a plurality of battery cells; a thermal management system configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack; and a battery management system configured to: monitor at least one parameters of the battery pack; and detect a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack; and a vehicle management system connected to the battery management system and the thermal management system. When the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the battery management system is configured to determine whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power. When the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system sends a first control signal to discharge the plurality of battery cells through the at least one load.
[0019] In some embodiments, the battery pack further comprises a first main output terminal and a second main output terminal, and the electric motor and the at least one load are electrically connected between the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal, and when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor and the at least one load.
[0020] In some embodiments, wherein when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load, the vehicle management system reduces power delivered to the electric motor.
[0021] In some embodiments, when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the thermal management system, powered by the plurality of battery cells, conducts thermal management of the battery pack.
[0022] Another general aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for managing battery pack thermal runaway used for a vehicle. The method includes the following steps: monitoring, by a battery management system of the vehicle, at least one parameters of a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery cells; detecting, by the battery management system of the vehicle, a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack; determining, by the battery management system of the vehicle, whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected; and when the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, discharging the plurality of battery cells through at least one load of the vehicle.
[0023] In some embodiments, the method further includes: reducing power delivered to an electric motor of the vehicle when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Aspects of the present disclosure are best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is noted that, in accordance with the standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
[0025] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrates a process in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0028] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the subject matter provided. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the present disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, the formation of a first feature over or on a second feature in the description that follows may include embodiments in which the first and second features are formed in direct contact, and may also include embodiments in which additional features may be formed between the first and second features, such that the first and second features may not be in direct contact. In addition, the present disclosure may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations discussed.
[0029] Further, spatially relative terms, such as “beneath, ” “below, ” “lower, ” “above, ” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element (s) or feature (s) as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. The apparatus may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein may likewise be interpreted accordingly.
[0030] Some embodiments of the disclosure are described. Additional operations can be provided before, during, and / or after the stages described in these embodiments. Some of the stages that are described can be replaced or eliminated for different embodiments. Some of the features described below can be replaced or eliminated and additional features can be added for different embodiments. Although some embodiments are discussed with operations performed in a particular order, these operations may be performed in another logical order.
[0031] Overview
[0032] As mentioned above, there is a need to address thermal runaway occurred to the battery pack. There are various attempts to address thermal runaway. In one example, the voltage values of multiple battery cells in the power battery pack are monitored in real time, and the lowest voltage value among the multiple voltage values obtained at each monitoring time point is compared to the fault voltage threshold. At that time point, if the lowest voltage values are all less than the fault voltage threshold, and the cumulative duration of multiple adjacent monitoring time points reaches the first duration, the maximum discharge power of the power battery pack can be adjusted. Alternatively, the entire vehicle control unit can be used to control high-voltage power on and off of the vehicle. However, the high voltage power supply of the entire battery pack will be directly disconnected, and the entire vehicle will be in a state of power loss, thereby perhaps resulting in traffic accidents.
[0033] When the battery pack is in an abnormal state, if the vehicle is powered off (e.g., the electric motor is electrically disconnected from the battery pack) , it will not be able to brake safely or provide power to the thermal management system. On the other hand, when the battery pack is in an abnormal state, if the vehicle is not powered off but without any other safety measures being taken, there will be safety hazards. The following challenges may result from thermal runaway without applying the techniques disclosed in the present disclosure.
[0034] When the battery pack undergoes thermal runaway, the existing vehicle thermal management system uses a low-voltage (e.g., 12 volts) power supply, which cannot support water circulation, used as a cooling implementation, for more than a certain amount of time (e.g., one hour) under normal power of the vehicle thermal management system, thereby significantly undermining the functioning of the vehicle thermal management system. In contrast, if the vehicle thermal management system is not electrically disconnected from the battery pack according to some embodiments of the present disclosure, which will be described in detail below, the battery pack can continuously supply power to the low-voltage power supply of the vehicle thermal management system, thereby extending water circulation time without restrictions for thermal management.
[0035] Moreover, when the battery pack undergoes thermal runaway, if the relay that controls the connection between the battery pack and the electric motor (and the thermal management system, etc. ) is forcibly closed for a second power-up, there will be an external high voltage at the battery cells of the battery pack, thereby causing the battery cell to be broken down and causing serious secondary damages and disasters.
[0036] Also, in a worse situation, where after the battery pack undergoes thermal runaway, the entire battery pack is still almost fully charged, the battery can only be towed away by firefighters and immersed in water. This may lead to a major safety hazard.
[0037] In accordance with some aspects of the disclosure, techniques for safe discharge after battery thermal runaway are provided. The present disclosure provides a safe discharge strategy for battery packs after thermal runaway. In accordance with some aspects of the disclosure, the vehicle includes at least a battery pack and at least one load. The battery pack includes multiple battery cells, a thermal management system configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack, and a battery management system. The battery management system is configured to monitor at least one parameters of the battery pack and detect a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack. A vehicle management system is connected to the battery management system and the thermal management system. The battery pack further includes a first main output terminal and a second main output terminal, and the electric motor and the at least one load are electrically connected between the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal. When the battery thermal runaway incident (i.e., when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway has occurred, or when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway is about to occur) is detected, the battery management system is configured to determine whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power.
[0038] Unlike conventional systems, when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor and the at least one load. In other words, the relay that controls the connection or disconnection of the battery pack with the electric motor and the loads is continuously in a closed state. When the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system sends a first control signal to discharge the plurality of battery cells through the at least one load.
[0039] As a result, the entire battery pack can continuously provide power to the electric motor and the thermal management system. The driver of the vehicle, therefore, can keep driving the vehicle to avoid accidents. The thermal management system, therefore, can still be powered by the battery pack and remains in a well charged (sometimes fully charged) state, thereby regulating the battery cells from an abnormal state to a stable and controllable state in a timely manner. Forming a loop inside the battery pack allows the entire battery pack to operate, during battery thermal runaway, to achieve continuous self-discharge to avoid further deterioration events. Details of various aspects of the disclosure will be described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 1-3.
[0040] Numerous technical advantages can be achieved by the techniques for safe discharge after battery thermal runaway disclosed herein.
[0041] The high voltage power supply of the vehicle can be achieved without powering off, and it can continuously supply power to the external loads of the battery pack. Through the usage of the internal power stored in the battery pack, short-term driving of the vehicle, activation of thermal management components to extend the water circulation time (or other cooling mechanism) to inhibit heat diffusion, reducing risk due to the battery discharge, and extending sound and light alarm time can be achieved. In addition to being able to achieve short-term driving of the vehicle (e.g., being able to conduct safe braking) , the battery discharge power is limited through the external loads, thereby further mitigating safety risks.
[0042] Additionally, when the battery pack has entered or is about to enter an abnormal state, it can achieve the goal of not powering off the entire battery pack in the battery thermal runaway state, thus allowing for a circuit to be formed inside the battery pack, and thus achieving continuous self-discharge of the entire battery pack in the abnormal state to avoid further deterioration events.
[0043] Exemplary Systems and Methods
[0044] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a vehicle in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle includes, among other components, a battery pack 110, an electric motor 150, multiple (e.g., three in this example shown in FIG. 1) loads M1, M2, and M3, a vehicle management system 140. It should be understood that the vehicle may include other components (e.g., the transmission system, the suspension system, brakes, various electronics, and the like) , and a person of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate this.
[0045] The battery pack 110 includes, among other components, multiple battery cells 112-1, 112-2, …, 112-n (collectively “112” ) , a battery management system (BMS) 120, a thermal management system 130, a first main output terminal 114a and a second main output terminal 114b. The battery cells 112 are connected together to achieve the desired voltage and capacity needed by various components (e.g., the electric motor 150) of the vehicle 100. The battery cells 112 are connected between the first main output terminal 114a and the second main output terminal 114b, which are electrically connected to the electric motor 150 and the loads M1, M2, and M3. In some embodiments, a relay is located at the first main output terminal 114a and / or the second main output terminal 114b, and the BMS 120 may control the on / off the relay. It should be understood that other types of switches can also be employed in other embodiments to control the connection or disconnection between the battery cells 112 and the electric motor 150 (and the loads M1, M2, and M3) .
[0046] The BMS 120 is connected to the battery cells 112, the first main output terminal 114a, the second output terminal 114b, the thermal management system 130, and the vehicle management system 140. The BMS 120 is essentially the “brain” of the battery pack 110. It is a complex electronic system that monitors and controls various parameters of the battery pack 110 to ensure optimal performance, safety, and longevity. The BMS 120 can prevent overcharging and over-discharging, protect the battery pack 110 against short circuits, monitor for cell imbalance and take corrective actions, and detect and respond to thermal runaway. The BMS 120 communicates with other components (e.g., the vehicle management system 140, the thermal management system 130) of the vehicle 100 to provide battery information and enables remote monitoring and diagnostics.
[0047] In one embodiments, the BMS 120 monitors at least one parameters (e.g., the battery cell voltage for each battery cell 112, the temperature, charging / discharging rates of the current, state of charge (SOC) , state of health (SOH) , and the like) of the battery pack 110 and detects a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack 110. The battery thermal runaway incident occurs when the BMS 120 determines that a battery thermal runaway has occurred, or the BMS 120 determines that battery thermal runaway is about to occur (e.g., battery thermal runaway will occur in a predetermined period (e.g., in 180 seconds, in 30 seconds, in 10 seconds, etc. ) if all circumstances stay unchanged) .
[0048] The thermal management system 130 is configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack 110. Electric vehicles (e.g., the vehicle 100 shown in FIG. 1) generate significant heat, primarily from the battery pack 110, the electric motor 150, and other power electronics. This heat can significantly impact the performance, efficiency, and lifespan of these components. To mitigate these issues, the vehicle 100 employs the thermal management system 130. In one example, the thermal management system 130 includes, among other components, coolant, heat exchangers, pumps, sensors, and a control unit. The coolant is water or a specialized fluid (often a coolant-antifreeze mixture) used to transfer heat, and the thermal management system 130 can cool the battery pack 110 using the coolant. The heat exchangers facilitate heat transfer between the coolant and the environment. Pumps facilitate the circulation of the coolant through the thermal management system 130. The sensors monitors temperatures at various points to control the thermal management system 130, and the control unit manages the entire thermal management system 130 based on sensor inputs and vehicle conditions. In some examples, the thermal management system 130 may further include additional components such as heaters, coolers, or heat pumps for specific temperature control needs. Although liquid cooling is used as an example, it should be understood that other cooling mechanisms (e.g., air cooling) may be employed in other implementations. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0049] When the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the thermal management system 130, which is still connected to the battery cells 112, is able to continuously conduct thermal management of the battery pack 110. Unlike conventional battery packs where the thermal management system 130 is powered by a low-voltage power supply, which is disconnected from the battery cells upon the occurrence of the battery thermal runaway and cannot support coolant circulation for more than a certain amount of time (e.g., one hour) under normal power consumption of the vehicle thermal management system 130, the battery cells 112 can continuously supply power to the low-voltage power supply of the vehicle thermal management system 130, thereby extending coolant circulation time without restrictions for thermal management.
[0050] The electric motor 150 converts electrical energy directly into mechanical energy to propel the vehicle 100. The electric motor 150 may be one of the following: an AC induction motor (ACIM) , a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) , a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) . In one example, the electric motor 150 includes a stator, a rotor, and an inverter. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0051] The loads M1, M2, and M3 are modules that can be powered by the battery pack 100. Each of the loads M1, M2, and M3 has its own power consumption. Examples of the loads include one or more of the following: a low-voltage (e.g., 12 volts) power supply; a compressor; a water pump; the Electric Power Steering (EPS) system; electric brakes; power electronics; lights (headlights, taillights, interior lights) ; climate control system (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) of the vehicle 100; information system (audio, navigation, displays) . One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0052] The vehicle management system 140 is an intricate network of hardware and software components that oversee and coordinate various systems within the vehicle 100 to ensure optimal performance, safety, and efficiency. Unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric vehicles have a significantly different powertrain and require a more sophisticated vehicle management system 140. The vehicle management system 140 integrates multiple subsystems to manage energy flow, vehicle dynamics, and driver interactions. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle management system 140 is connected to the BMS 120, the thermal management system 130, the electric motor 150, and the loads M1, M2, and M3. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the vehicle management system 140 may send a first control signal 188 to control the connection or disconnection of the loads M1, M2, and M3 with the battery cells 112, via the switches S1, S2, and S3, respectively; the vehicle management system 140 may send a second control signal 186 to the electric motor 150 to control, for example, the power delivered to the electric motor 150; the vehicle management system 140 may send a third control signal 184 to the thermal management system 130 to control the thermal management system 130. In some embodiments, the vehicle management system can control the series and parallel connections of the loads to control the external power consumption of the battery pack 110 to ensure the vehicle 100 continuously operate normally and the thermal management system 140 is continuously turned on.
[0053] In some embodiments, the BMS 120, the thermal management system 130, and the vehicle management system 140 may be integrated, instead of being separate components. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0054] When the battery thermal runaway incident is detected by the BMS 120, the BMS 120 is configured to determine whether output power of the battery cells 112 matches a target power. The output power of the battery cells 112 is monitored in real time by the BMS 120, whereas the target power is known to the vehicle management system 140 by way of, for example, factory settings.
[0055] In one implementation, the output power of the battery cells 112 does not match the target power if a difference between them is larger than a threshold. In one example, the threshold is 50 W. In another example, the threshold is 20 W. In yet another example, the threshold is 10 W. In still another example, the threshold is 5 W. In another example, the threshold is 1 W.
[0056] When the output power of battery cells 112 and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system 140 sends the first control signal 188 to discharge the battery cells 112 through one or more of the loads M1, M2, and M3. In one embodiment, the loads are chosen based on the difference between the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power. In one implementation, the vehicle management system 140 select the chosen load (s) such that the difference is minimized.
[0057] For example, if the difference is 60 W (where the threshold is 50 W) , the rating power of the load M1 is 10 W, the rating power of the load M2 is 45 W, and the rating power of the load M3 is 58 W, the vehicle management system 140 then selects the load M3. As a result, with the addition of 58 W, the difference is reduced to 2 W.
[0058] As another example, if the difference is 60 W (where the threshold is 50 W) , the rating power of the load M1 is 10 W, the rating power of the load M2 is 45 W, and the rating power of the load M3 is 20 W, the vehicle management system 140 then selects the load M1 and the load M2. As a result, with the addition of a total of 55 W (i.e., the sum of 10 W and 45 W) , the difference is reduced to 5 W.
[0059] In some embodiments, the vehicle management system 140 may disconnect a load that is being connected and select the chosen load (s) to be connected such that the difference is minimized. As an example, if the difference is 60 W (where the threshold is 50 W) , the rating power of the load M1 is 10 W, the rating power of the load M2 is 45 W, the rating power of the load M3 is 20 W, and the rating power of a connected load (not shown in FIG. 1) is 5W, the vehicle management system 140 then disconnects the connected load to release 5 W and selects the load M2 and the load M3. As a result, with the deduction of 5 W and the addition of a total of 65 W (i.e., the sum of 45 W and 20 W) , the difference is theoretically reduced to zero.
[0060] In some embodiments, the vehicle management system 140 may increase the actual power consumption of a connected load to reduce the difference. As an example, if the difference is 15 W (where the threshold is 10 W) , the rating power of a connected load (not shown in FIG. 1) is 45 W, the vehicle management system 140 then increase the actual power consumption of the connected load from 45 W to 60 W. As a result, with the addition of 15 W, the difference is theoretically reduced to zero.
[0061] It should be understood that these examples and the numbers used therein are exemplary, and one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives. It should also be noted that these embodiments can be combined as needed. For example, connecting unconnected loads and increasing the actual power consumption of a connected load can be used in combination to minimize the difference.
[0062] In some embodiments, it is determined that each of the loads to be connected is characterized by a power consumption no greater than a threshold power (e.g., 500 W, 300 W, 150 W, etc. ) . This can ensure that no load with too much power consumption will be connected, thereby mitigating the risk of sudden power surge. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0063] Importantly, when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal 114a and the second main output terminal 114b are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor 150. Thus, driver is still able to drive the vehicle 100 to avoid accidents resulted from the sudden loss of control.
[0064] In some embodiments, when the battery cells 112 are discharged through one or more load, the vehicle management system 140 reduces, by sending the second control signal 186, the power delivered to the electric motor 186. In one implementation, the power is reduced gradually (e.g., in a linear manner) . As such, the driver is still able to drive the vehicle 100 to avoid accidents resulted from the sudden loss of control, but the speed of the vehicle 100 is gradually reduced.
[0065] In some embodiments, the vehicle 100 includes a secondary battery pack in addition to the battery pack 110. The structure of the secondary battery pack is similar to that of the battery pack 110. When the battery cells 112 of the battery pack undergo thermal runaway, the battery pack 110 is electrically connected to the secondary battery pack and charges the battery cells of the secondary battery pack. In other words, the secondary battery pack is treated as an additional load and facilitates the discharge of battery cells 112 of the battery pack 110. In some embodiments, the battery cells of the secondary battery pack is charged at an elevated charging rate higher than a regular charging rate of the battery cells. It should be understood that the vehicle 100 may even include more than two battery packs as needed in some embodiments, and the battery pack 100 that undergoes thermal runaway may be used to charge more than one secondary battery pack. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize various variations, modifications, and alternatives.
[0066] In some embodiments, more than one target power can be employed. In one example, a first target power and a second target power are employed. After the output power of the battery cells 112 reaches the first target power (or within the difference threshold as discussed above) , the vehicle management system 140, upon a triggering event, sends another first control signal 188 to discharge the battery cells 112 through other combinations of loads, as explained above. As such, the output power of the battery cells 112 is regulated in a two-phase manner, thereby making the regulation smoother. In one example, the second target power is lower than the first target power. In another example, the second target power is higher than the first target power. In one example, the trigger event is a signal generated by the BMS 120 or other components of the vehicle 100. In another example, the trigger event is that a predetermined time (e.g., 120 seconds, 60 seconds, etc. ) has lapsed since the output power of the battery cells 112 reaches the first target power (or within the difference threshold as discussed above) .
[0067] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrates a process 200 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, the process 200 is applied to the vehicle 100 shown in FIG. 1. The process 200 is a process for safe discharge of battery cells after battery thermal runaway occurs. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the BMS 120 monitors (step 202) the internal signals or parameters of the battery cells 112 of the battery pack 110 in real time. Examples of the signals or parameters include the following: the battery cell voltage for each battery cell 112, the temperature, the insulation state of the battery cells 112, charging / discharging rates of the current, state of charge (SOC) , state of health (SOH) , and the like. The BMS 120 continuously collects these signals or parameters (step 204) . When a battery thermal runaway incident occurs (step 206) , it can be detected or identified (step 208) by the BMS 120 based on these signals or parameters. As a result, the BMS 20 may generates (step 210) alerts or control signals that can be received and processed by other components of the vehicle 100, such as the vehicle management system 140 and the thermal management system 130.
[0068] In the meantime, the battery pack 110 is continuously connected (step 212) to the electric motor 150 and the loads M1, M2, and M3 via the first main output terminal 114a and the second main output terminal 114b. The BMS 120 determines (step 214) whether the output power of the battery cells 112 matches the target power. If the output power of the battery cells 112 does not match the target power, the battery cells 112 are discharged (step 218) through at least one of the loads M1, M2, and M3. If the output power of the battery cells 112 matches the target power, the battery cells 112 don’t need to be discharged through at least one of the loads M1, M2, and M3, and the electric motor 150 and the thermal management system 130 are continuously powered (step 216) by the battery cells 112. After the discharge process at step 218, the process 200 also proceeds to step 216. As such, the vehicle 100 can be driven normally, and the thermal management system 150 can operate normally (step 220) .
[0069] FIG. 3 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method 300 in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the method 300 includes operations 302, 304, 306, and 308. Additional operations may be performed.
[0070] At operation 302, a battery management system of the vehicle monitors at least one parameters of a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery cells.
[0071] At operation 304, the battery management system of the vehicle detects a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack.
[0072] At operation 306, the battery management system of the vehicle determines whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected.
[0073] At operation 308, when the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the plurality of battery cells are discharged through at least one load of the vehicle.
[0074] The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and / or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A vehicle comprising:an electric motor configured to drive the vehicle;a battery pack, the battery pack comprising:a plurality of battery cells;a thermal management system configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack; anda battery management system configured to:monitor at least one parameters of the battery pack; anddetect a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack;a vehicle management system connected to the battery management system and the thermal management system; andat least one load controlled by the vehicle management system; andwherein when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the battery management system is configured to determine whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power; andwhen the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system sends a first control signal 188 to discharge the plurality of battery cells through the at least one load.2.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the battery thermal runaway incident occurs when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway has occurred.3.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the battery thermal runaway incident occurs when the battery management system determines that a battery thermal runaway is about to occur.4.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the battery pack further comprises a first main output terminal and a second main output terminal, and the electric motor and the at least one load are electrically connected between the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal.5.The vehicle of claim 4, wherein when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor and the at least one load.6.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load, the vehicle management system reduces power delivered to the electric motor.7.The vehicle of claim 6, wherein the power delivered to the electric motor is reduced gradually.8.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one load comprises a plurality of loads, and each of the plurality of loads is characterized by a power consumption no greater than a threshold power.9.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the thermal management system conducts thermal management of the battery pack.10.The vehicle of claim 9, wherein the thermal management system is powered by the plurality of battery cells.11.The vehicle of claim 9, wherein the thermal management system comprises a coolant, and the thermal management of the battery pack comprising cooling the battery pack using the coolant.12.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match if a difference between the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power is larger than a threshold.13.The vehicle of claim 12, wherein the at least one load is chosen based on the difference between the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power.14.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one load comprises one or more of:a low-voltage power supply;a compressor; anda water pump.15.A battery pack thermal runaway management system used for a vehicle, the vehicle comprising an electric motor and at least one load, the battery pack thermal runaway management system comprising:a battery pack, the battery pack comprising:a plurality of battery cells;a thermal management system configured to conduct thermal management of the battery pack; anda battery management system configured to:monitor at least one parameters of the battery pack; anddetect a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack; anda vehicle management system connected to the battery management system 120 and the thermal management system; andwherein when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the battery management system is configured to determine whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power; andwhen the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, the vehicle management system sends a first control signal to discharge the plurality of battery cells through the at least one load.16.The battery pack thermal runaway management system of claim 15, wherein the battery pack further comprises a first main output terminal and a second main output terminal, and the electric motor and the at least one load are electrically connected between the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal, and when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the first main output terminal and the second main output terminal are not electrically disconnected from the electric motor and the at least one load.17.The battery pack thermal runaway management system of claim 15, wherein when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load, the vehicle management system reduces power delivered to the electric motor.18.The vehicle of claim 15, wherein when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected, the thermal management system, powered by the plurality of battery cells, conducts thermal management of the battery pack.19.A method for managing battery pack thermal runaway used for a vehicle, the method comprising:monitoring, by a battery management system of the vehicle, at least one parameters of a battery pack comprising a plurality of battery cells;detecting, by the battery management system of the vehicle, a battery thermal runaway incident based on the at least one parameters of the battery pack;determining, by the battery management system of the vehicle, whether output power of the plurality of battery cells matches a target power when the battery thermal runaway incident is detected; andwhen the output power of the plurality of battery cells and the target power does not match, discharging the plurality of battery cells through at least one load of the vehicle.20.The method of claim 19, further comprising:reducing power delivered to an electric motor of the vehicle when the plurality of battery cells are discharged through the at least one load.
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