Formwork liner

Abstract

There is proposed a formwork liner configured for attachment to a formwork member used to create a concrete structure. The formwork liner, comprising a resiliently deformable elongate body, an elongate first and second tapered portion and resiliently deformable elongate first and second flanges. The elongate body including a generally planar front face, and a rear surface configured for abutment with a side of the formwork member. The elongate first and second tapered portions adjoining longitudinal edges of the front face. The resiliently deformable elongate first flange and a resiliently deformable elongate second flange spaced apart therefrom, the first flange and second flange extending rearwardly from the elongate body. The first and second flanges being securable to opposite horizontal edges of the formwork member, wherein the formwork liner provides a barrier between the formwork member and a flowable concrete mixture thereby shaping an edge of the resultant concrete structure.

Description

[0001] FORMWORK LINER

[0002] FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to a liner for formwork used in the production of concrete structures and in one embodiment relates to the production of precast concrete tilt-up panels.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The tilt-up panel method of building construction has become popular in the recent times. The construction method involves large concrete panels that are cast horizontally on the ground within a temporary mould or formwork, and then lifted or tilted into their final vertical position to form the walls of a building, such as a commercial, industrial or residential structure.

[0006] Tilt-up concrete panels are a time efficient and cost-effective method for constructing buildings, utilising the temporary mould or formwork which is set up on the building site or in a casting yard. This temporary mould or formwork delineates the shape and size of the concrete panel. Concrete is poured into the formwork and is allowed to cured to achieve the desired strength. Once cured, the sideforms / mould are removed, revealing the finished vertical edges of the horizontally positioned panel.

[0007] Since the edges of the panel may define a doorway or opening it is important that the formwork provides a smooth surface for the finished concrete product to maintain the aesthetic quality of the precast panel.

[0008] Typically, aluminium sideforms are used in the construction of tilt-up and precast concrete panels, since they are lightweight. A front face of the sideform is used to create the smooth, precise finish of the edges of concrete panel. The aluminium sideforms incorporate opposing angled portions which extend along the upper and lower edges of the sideform. These opposing angled portions are important in that they create the angled corners for the concrete panel, which reduces the chance of damage, as would occur if the corners were squared off. The aluminium sideforms come in a range of different widths, generally between 100mm and 300mm, and come in lengths of around 5-6m. Some of the sideforms of the prior art are also powder coated to protect against concrete adhesion. However, these aluminium sideforms are used in harsh environments and combined with the corrosive nature of concrete, the front face is quickly damaged. Furthermore, lifting lugs need to be fixed in place within the formwork prior to pouring the concrete. For large panels multiple length of sideform must also be joined together along each side, which creates imperfections in the surface finish.

[0009] These imperfections in the front face and joint lines between abutting sideforms, results in irregularities along the edges of the concrete panel produced, which affects the aesthetic appearance of the panel. Accordingly, these imperfections must be treated by grinding or patching, which increases the time of construction and expense.

[0010] Due to the expense of the aluminium sideforms they are reused multiple times which results in an increase in the amount imperfections in subsequent panels.

[0011] The reader will appreciate that the panels are constructed in a horizontal arrangement and then tilted up onsite to create the building. Accordingly, the terms “horizontal”, “vertical”, “side”, “top” etc are to be given their broadest definition and may refer to alternate orientations in different situations. The term “vertical edges” used throughout the specification should be understood to mean the edges of the concrete panel when positioned horizontally within the formwork. These edges form the ends, top and bottom of the panel when positioned in the upright orientation.

[0012] It should be appreciated that any discussion of the prior art throughout the specification is included solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention and should in no way be considered as an admission that such prior art was widely known or formed part of the common general knowledge in the field as it existed before the priority date of the application.

[0013] SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] It is therefore an object of the illustrated embodiments to provide a liner for formwork to create a concrete structure having greater uniformity along the edges thereof. It is a further object to provide a relatively cheap replaceable formwork liner that can be easily replaced when damaged. Other objects of the illustrated embodiments are to overcome at least some of the aforementioned problems, or at least provide the public with a useful alternative. The foregoing objects should not necessarily be considered as cumulative and various aspects of the invention may fulfil one or more of the above objects.

[0015] It could be broadly understood that the present invention relates generally to a flexible formwork liner which can be reversibly attached to a front of a formwork member, wherein the formwork liner includes a front face for forming an edge of a concrete structure and rearwardly extending flanges fixable to opposite horizontal upper and lower edges of the formwork member.

[0016] In one aspect of the invention, but not necessarily the broadest or only aspect, there is proposed a formwork liner configured for attachment to a formwork member used to create a concrete structure, comprising: a resiliently deformable elongate body, including a generally planar front face, and a rear surface configured for abutment with a side of the formwork member; an elongate first tapered portion adjoining a first longitudinal edge of the front face, and an elongate second tapered portion adjoining an opposite second longitudinal edge of the front face; a resiliently deformable elongate first flange and a resiliently deformable elongate second flange spaced apart therefrom, the first flange and second flange extending rearwardly from the elongate body; and wherein the first flange being securable to a first horizontal edge of the formwork member and the second flange being securable to a second horizontal edge of the formwork member on an opposite side thereof, whereby the formwork liner provides a barrier between the formwork member and a flowable concrete mixture thereby shaping an edge of the resultant concrete structure.

[0017] Preferably, respective longitudinally extending grooves are formed in the rear of the formwork liner between the rear surface and each of the first and second flanges, wherein the grooves assist in the folding of the first and second flanges inwardly towards the rear surface of the elongate body. Alternatively, lines of weakness, perforations or areas of thinner material may be formed in the rear surface or into an inner or outer side of the first and second flanges, to assist in the folding of the first and second flanges.

[0018] In another form, the first and second flanges include respective depressions extend longitudinally along on outer or inner surface thereof to thereby further assist in the folding of the first and second flanges inwardly towards the rear surface of the elongate body.

[0019] In a preferred form, the concrete structure is a precast concrete panel used in tilt-up building construction. Such precast concrete panel include edges having longitudinally extending angled corners, which inhibit impact damage when being moved. As the skilled addressee will appreciate, if the corners of the concrete panel were sharp, the edges would easily be damaged or chipped. The first and second tapered portions of the formwork liner are therefore configured to mould these longitudinally extending angled corners.

[0020] The reader will appreciate that the precast concrete panel may be generally rectangular in shape and formed using four formwork members, each of which would having a respective formwork liner attached thereto. In another form, a single length of formwork liner is positioned around the inner circumference of the void created by the assembled formwork members or a mould and affixed thereto.

[0021] In another form, the formwork liner may be used to create an architectural panel having at least one side that is curved or partly curved. The flexible nature of the present formwork liner means that various configurations and shapes of panel can be created, therefore increasing its functionality.

[0022] In one form, the formwork liner is unitary in construction and extruded from a flexible material. In another form, the first and second flanges are glued or ultrasonically welded to the rear of the elongate body.

[0023] The formwork liner may be constructed from any flexible material, such as but not limited to silicon, rubber compounds, elastomers, copolymers or polymer mixes with elastomeric properties, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) having a polypropylene base, silicon rubber, EPDM rubber, or any material with suitable elastomeric properties. UV stabilisers may be added to the material forming the formwork liner to inhibit degradation due to the effects of sunlight. Furthermore, the formwork liner may be constructed from a recyclable material.

[0024] In one form, the first and second tapered portions include respective inwardly facing longitudinally extending angled faces. The angled faces of the first and second tapered portions are preferably oblique to the generally planar front face. In one form, the angled faces are at an angle of between 35° and 55° to the front face, and more preferably at 45° to the front face. In one form, each of the first and second tapered portions have a generally right angle triangular cross-sectional profile, having the angled face directed inwardly.

[0025] The outer sides of the right angled triangular first and second tapered portions, align with outer sides of the respective elongate first and second flanges.

[0026] The longitudinally extending grooves formed in the rear of the formwork adjacent the rear surface, preferably extend into the elongate body inwardly of a plane of the rear surface. These grooves and depressions in the first and second flanges allow the first and second flanges to be folded inwardly towards the rear surface of the elongate body, such that the formwork liner can be rolled or coiled around onto itself which will assist with its transport and storage. Furthermore, the front face of the inner coils of the formwork liner will be protected from damaged during transport.

[0027] Since the formwork liner is constructed from a resiliently deformable material, it can be rolled or coiled wherein the first and second tapered portions have a tendency to splay apart thereby assisting in minimising the cross-sectional profile of each coiled layer of formwork liner. The reader will appreciate that since the formwork liner is constructed from a resiliently deformable material when it is unwound the first and second flanges will regain a configuration where they move back to an angle to the elongate body for attachment to the formwork member.

[0028] The first and second flanges, in one form are elongate strips of flexible material that extend rearwardly from the elongate body. The first and second flanges are of a size to allow the attachment of fixing elements therethrough to secure the formwork liner to the edges of the formwork member.

[0029] In one form the first and second flanges extend continuously along respective edges of the elongate body. Alternatively, the first and second flanges are non- continuous and are in the form the tabs at regular intervals along the elongate body.

[0030] The first and second flanges each have a width between 20mm and 40mm, and in one form are 25mm wide.

[0031] The first and second flanges may include teeth or ridges on inner sides thereof the assist in gripping the edges of the formwork member. The fixing elements, in a preferred form, are staples, wherein a staplegun is used to affix the formwork liner to the formwork member along its length. The fixing elements may alternatively be nails, screws or an adhesive tape. Furthermore, a clamp or clamps may be configured to secure the formwork liner to the formwork member.

[0032] In another aspect of the invention there is proposed a method of forming a concrete panel, including: attaching a length of formwork liner in accordance with any of the above aspects, to a formwork member used to create a temporary formwork which delineates a boundary for a concrete panel to be produced; pouring a concrete mixture into the formwork; allowing the concrete mixture to cure; removing the temporary formwork from the edges of the concrete panel; and assessing the formwork liner for damage and either reusing the formwork liner for forming a subsequent concrete panel, or replacing the formwork liner with a new length of formwork liner.

[0033] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an implementation of the invention and, together with the description and claims, serve to explain the advantages and principles of the invention. In the drawings,

[0035] Figure 1 is a perspective view a length of aluminium sideform of the Prior Art illustrating the front face used to form an edge of a tilt-up concrete panel;

[0036] Figure 2 is a side view of a tilt-up concrete panel;

[0037] Figure 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the formwork liner of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is an end view of the formwork liner of Figure 3, illustrating the tapered flange that extends along a border thereof;

[0039] Figure 5 is a top view of the formwork liner of Figure 3;

[0040] Figure 6 is a rear view of the formwork liner of Figure 3;

[0041] Figure 7 is a front view of the formwork liner of Figure 3; Figure 8 is an end view of the formwork liner of Figure 3, positioned adjacent a length of wooden formwork member;

[0042] Figure 9 is an end view of the formwork liner of Figure 8, engaging the wooden formwork member and secured thereto by way of steel staples that are attached through rearwardly extending elongate flanges / wings;

[0043] Figure 10 is as top view of the corner of a formwork structure comprising two wooden formwork members, illustrating the attachment of the formwork liner thereto;

[0044] Figure 11 is an end view of the formwork liner in a folded arrangement, illustrating the rearwardly extending elongate flanges / wings folded against the rear of the liner and the tapered portions in a splayed position;

[0045] Figure 12 is a perspective view of the formwork liner of Figure 11 , in a coiled arrangement for transportation;

[0046] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view through A-A of the coiled formwork liner of Figure 12;

[0047] Figure 14 is a top view of another embodiment of the formwork liner used on a curved formwork member;

[0048] Figure 15 is an end view of another embodiment of the formwork liner of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 16 is a partial perspective view of the formwork liner of Figure 15; and

[0050] Figure 17 is an end view of the formwork liner of Figure 15 in a partially folded arrangement.

[0051] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED AND EXEMPLIFIED EMBODIMENTS

[0052] Similar reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings. Dimensions of certain parts shown in the drawings may have been modified and / or exaggerated for the purposes of clarity or illustration.

[0053] Figure 1 illustrates an example of an aluminium sideform 10 of the Prior Art used in the construction of a precast concrete panel 12, as illustrated in Figure 2. The aluminium sideform 10 includes a generally planar front face 14 and opposing angled portions 16, 18, used to form the edge 20 of concrete panel 12. The aluminium sideform 10 has a thickness 22 formed by a matrix 24, and a rear surface or surfaces 26.

[0054] As illustrated in Figure 2, the concrete panel 12 includes edges 20 that comprise a vertical side 28 intermediate of tapered corners 30, 32. As the skilled addressee will appreciate, these corners 30, 32, formed by the angled portions 16, 18 of the sideform 10, assist in reducing the chance of impact damage such as chipping, as would occur if the concrete corners were squared off.

[0055] Referring to the Figures 3 to 17 for a more detailed description of the present invention, there is illustrated a formwork liner 40 configured for attachment to a formwork member 42 used in the production of concrete panels 12, demonstrating by way of examples, arrangements in which the principles of the present invention may be employed.

[0056] As illustrated in Figure 3, the formwork liner 40 comprises a resiliently deformable elongate body 44, including a generally planar front face 46, and a rear face 48 being configured for abutment with a side 50 of the formwork member 42. The formwork liner 40 further includes opposing first and second tapered portions 52, 54 adjoining opposite longitudinal edges of the front face 46.

[0057] Elongate first and second flanges 56, 58 (or wings) extend rearwardly from the elongate body 44. As illustrated in Figure 3, the flanges 56, 58 are continuous along the longitudinal length of the formwork liner 40. The reader should however appreciate that the flanges 56, 58 may be non-continuous, as described in relation to Figure 14. As further illustrated in Figure 9, the flanges 56, 58 are resiliently deformable and are configured to be securable to opposite horizontal edges 60, 62 of the formwork member 42, to provide a barrier between the formwork member 42 and a flowable concrete mixture for moulding the edge 20 of a concrete panel 12.

[0058] The formwork liner 40 further includes longitudinally extending grooves 64, 66 formed in the rear of the formwork liner 40 between the rear face 48 and each of the first and second flanges 56, 58, as best illustrated in Figure 4. The grooves 64, 66 assist in the folding of the first and second flanges 64, 66 inwardly towards the rear face 48, as will be discussed with respect to Figures 11 to 13. As further illustrated in Figure 4, the tapered portion 54 has a generally right angle triangular cross-sectional profile, and includes an inwardly facing longitudinally extending angled face 68, which adjoins the front face 46. The angled face 68 of the tapered portion 54 is oblique to the generally planar front face 68 and in one embodiment is at an angle of 45° to the front face 46. The outer side 70 of the tapered portion 54 aligns and is co-formed with the outer side 72 of the flange 58. The reader will appreciate that the tapered portion 52 has the same, but opposite, configuration.

[0059] In use, as illustrated in Figures 8 to 10, a length of formwork liner 40 is positioned adjacent a formwork member 42 and moved in the direction of the arrow (Fig 8), such that the flange 56 engages over edge 60, and flange 58 engages over edge 62, as shown in Figure 9. As further illustrated in Figure 9, the rear face 48 of the formwork liner 40 bears against the side 50 of the formwork member 42 to provide rigidity to the formwork liner 40.

[0060] As illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, the first and second flanges 56, 58 are of a size to allow the attachment of fixing elements 74 therethrough to secure the formwork liner 40 to the formwork member 42.

[0061] In the present embodiment, the fixing elements 74 are metal staples, that are secured through both the first and second flanges 56, 58 along their lengths. The reader should however appreciate that any type of fixing elements, such as nails, clips or clamps, could be used to temporarily affix the first and second flanges 56, 58 to edges 60, 62 of the formwork member 42.

[0062] Figure 10 illustrates a part of a formwork structure 76 including two formwork members 42a, 42b illustrating the attachment of respective lengths of formwork liner 40a, 40b thereto. A flowable mixture of concrete is then poured into a void created by the formwork structure 76 and allowed to cure to produce the concrete panel 12.

[0063] The reader will appreciate that the formwork liner 40 can be reused multiple times to produce subsequent panels, or it can be removed if damages and replace with a new length of the formwork liner.

[0064] Turning to Figures 11 to 13, due to the formwork liner 40 being constructed from a flexible material, the first and second flanges 56, 58 are able to be folded inwardly towards the rear face 48 of the elongate body 44. The reader will appreciate that the longitudinally extending grooves 64, 66 formed in the rear of the formwork liner 40 assist in this folding process.

[0065] It should be appreciated that the first and second flanges 56, 58 do not need to fold flat against the rear face 48 but are simply configured to fold inwardly to reduce the overall cross-sectional profile of the coiled formwork liner 40, as illustrated in Figure 11 .

[0066] Figure 11 further illustrates the first and second tapered portions 52, 54 being splayed apart as the first and second flanges 56, 58 are folded inwardly, which thereby further assists in minimising the cross-sectional profile of each coiled layer of formwork liner 40, as illustrated in Figure 13.

[0067] In this way, the formwork liner 40 can be rolled or coiled 78 as illustrated in Figure 12, to assist in transport and storage thereof. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 13, the front faces 46x of the inner coils of the formwork liner 40 will be protected from damaged. The outer front face 46 may also be protected by a cover, such as plastic wrap, during transport and storage to inhibit damage.

[0068] The reader will appreciate that since the formwork liner 40 is constructed from a resiliently deformable material when it is unwound from the coil 78, the first and second flanges 56, 58 will regain a configuration where they extend at an angle rearwardly of the elongate body 44 for attachment to a formwork member 42.

[0069] As illustrated in Figure 14, the formwork liner 40 may be used on a curved formwork member 80 to create an architectural panel (not shown) having at least one side that is curved or partly curved. The formwork liner 40 is attached to a curved formwork member 80 by way of fixing elements 74 that are attached through the non- continuous first flange 56 (and second flange 58) being in the form the tabs 82 at regular intervals along the elongate body 44. Due to the flexible nature of the formwork liner 40 the flanges 56 and 58 may alternatively be continuous along the edges of the body 44 but still be able to engage the curved formwork member 80.

[0070] Figures 15 to 17 illustrate an alternate embodiment of the formwork liner 40, wherein the first and second flanges 56, 58 include respective depressions 90 extending longitudinally along an outer surface thereof. These depressions 90 further assist in the folding of the first and second flanges 56, 58 inwardly towards the rear face 48 of the elongate body 44, as discussed with respect to Figures 11 to 13. The reader should however appreciate that these depressions 90 may alternatively be along an inner surface of the first and second flanges 56, 58.

[0071] The skilled addressee will now appreciate the many advantages of the illustrated invention. In one form, the invention provides a continuous front face for a formwork member that minimises irregularities in the edge of the resultant concrete panel, such as joint lines along the edge, since the formwork liner can be cut to length. Furthermore, when the formwork liner becomes damaged it can easily and cheaply be replaced, in contrast to the aluminium formwork members that are currently used.

[0072] The formwork liner of the present invention can be cut to a length of the corresponding formwork member such that it is of a continuous length. This is a distinct advantage over the aluminium formwork lengths of the prior art, that need to be joined together for larger panels, which result is joint lines that need to be treated, such as being as being ground flat using a grinder.

[0073] As the reader will now appreciate, an edge of the precast concrete panel may form an opening in the building, such as a doorway or end of a wall, and therefore any damage to the formwork or joints between adjacent formwork members of the prior art results in imperfections in the resultant concrete edge. These imperfections may include raised lines of concrete where two formwork members adjoined or raised areas of concrete where there was a hole or depressions in the prior art formwork. These imperfections need to be treated to create a smooth edge, which adds time and cost to the construction process. These issues are minimised with the configuration of the formwork liner of the present invention.

[0074] The reader will also appreciate that not only can the formwork liner of the present invention be cut to length, if it becomes damaged, the formwork liner can be easily removed from the formwork member and replaced with a new length of formwork liner. Furthermore, any undamaged sections of the removed formwork liner can be reused on smaller formwork members to produce smaller panels. In this way the formwork liner can be used multiple times and / or repurposed. Furthermore, the formwork may be recycled which thereby reduces the carbon footprint of the system.

[0075] Various features of the invention have been particularly shown and described in connection with the exemplified embodiments of the invention, however it must be understood that these particular arrangements merely illustrate the invention and it is not limited thereto. Accordingly, the invention can include various modifications, which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

[0076] In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS1 . A formwork liner configured for attachment to a formwork member used to create a concrete structure, comprising: a resiliently deformable elongate body, including a generally planar front face, and a rear surface configured for abutment with a side of the formwork member; an elongate first tapered portion adjoining a first longitudinal edge of the front face, and an elongate second tapered portion adjoining an opposite second longitudinal edge of the front face; a resiliently deformable elongate first flange and a resiliently deformable elongate second flange spaced apart therefrom, the first flange and second flange extending rearwardly from the elongate body; and wherein the first flange being securable to a first horizontal edge of the formwork member and the second flange being securable to a second horizontal edge of the formwork member on an opposite side thereof, whereby the formwork liner provides a barrier between the formwork member and a flowable concrete mixture thereby shaping an edge of the resultant concrete structure.

2. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein a first longitudinally extending groove is formed in the rear of the formwork liner between the rear surface and the first flange, and a second longitudinally extending groove is formed in the rear of the formwork liner between the rear surface and the second flange, wherein the first longitudinally extending groove and second longitudinally extending groove assist in the folding of the first flange and second flange inwardly towards the rear surface of the elongate body.

3. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 2, wherein the first flanges include a first depression extend longitudinally along on outer or inner surface thereof, and the second flanges include a second depression extend longitudinally along on outer or inner surface thereof, wherein the first depression and second depression further assist in the folding of the first flange and second flange inwardly towards the rear surface of the elongate body.

4. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the concrete structure is a precast concrete panel used in tilt-up building construction.

5. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 4, wherein the precast concrete panel being rectangular in shape and formed using four formwork members or a mould, whereby the inner sides of each of the four formwork members or mould having a respective formwork liner attached thereto or a single length of formwork liner being positioned around the inner circumference of the void created by the assembled four formwork members or mould.

6. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the formwork liner is used to create an architectural panel having at least one side that is curved or partly curved.

7. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the formwork liner is unitary in construction and extruded from a flexible material.

8. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 7, wherein the flexible material, is selected from a group including silicon, rubber compounds, elastomers, copolymers or polymer mixes with elastomeric properties, thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) having a polypropylene base, silicon rubber, EPDM rubber, or any material with suitable elastomeric properties.

9. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the first tapered portion and second tapered portion include respective inwardly facing longitudinally extending angled faces, the angled faces of the first tapered portion and second tapered portion being positioned oblique to the planar front face.

10. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 2, wherein the longitudinally extending grooves formed in the rear of the formwork adjacent the rear surface, extend into the elongate body inwardly of a plane of the rear surface.11 . The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the first flange and second flange are elongate strips of flexible material that extend rearwardly from the elongate body, whereby the first flange and second flange are of a size to allow the attachment of fixing elements therethrough to secure the formwork liner to the formwork member.

12. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the first flange and second flange extend continuously along respective edges of the elongate body.

13. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , wherein first flange and second flange include teeth or ridges on inner or opposing surfaces thereof the assist in gripping the respective sides of the formwork member.

14. The formwork liner in accordance with claim 11 , wherein fixing elements are selected from a group including staples, nails, screws, adhesive tape or dedicated clamps.

15. A method of forming a concrete panel, including: attaching a length of formwork liner in accordance with claim 1 , to a formwork member used to create a temporary formwork which delineates a boundary for a concrete panel; pouring a concrete mixture into the formwork; allowing the concrete mixture to cure; removing the temporary formwork from the cured concrete panel; and assessing the formwork liner for damage and either reusing the formwork liner for forming a subsequent concrete panel, or replacing the formwork liner with a new length of formwork liner.

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