Back-contact cell and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic cell manufacturing, and in particular, to a back-contact cell and a photovoltaic module. The cell comprises a substrate, an electrode structure, and a plurality of first insulation blocks. The substrate has an electrode region and a non-electrode region. The plurality of first insulation blocks are disposed facing the electrode structure and are respectively attached to the corresponding electrode structure. The plurality of first insulation blocks comprise a first edge insulation block adjacent to the non-electrode region, and a plurality of first central insulation blocks and a second edge insulation block. The plurality of first central insulation blocks are located between the first edge insulation block and the second edge insulation block in a second direction intersecting with a first direction, and the first edge insulation block has a first edge close to the non-electrode region and a second edge away from the non-electrode region. By making the width of the first edge insulation block different from the width of the plurality of first central insulation blocks and the width of the second edge insulation block, the printing process is simpler; and the first edge insulation block ensures that the non-electrode region is not occupied while also ensuring an insulation effect, thereby reducing the usage of insulation materials to alleviate the warpage problem of the cell, and also improving the printing yield rate of the cell and avoiding subsequent process problems such as poor slicing.

Description

Back contact solar cells and photovoltaic modules Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of photovoltaic cell manufacturing technology, and in particular relates to a back-contact solar cell and photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] In back-contact solar cells (BC cells), both the positive and negative electrodes are located on the back of the cell. Short circuits can easily occur during interconnection. Therefore, insulating materials are needed in the BC cell manufacturing process to ensure insulation between dissimilar electrodes.

[0003] However, during the coating process of insulating materials, the insulating materials tend to extend into the non-electrode areas of the substrate after curing. The larger the area occupied by the insulating materials in the non-electrode areas, the more insulating materials are used, and the more the substrate becomes dirty after the insulating materials are coated. This is not conducive to improving the battery printing yield and can easily lead to process problems such as defective slicing in subsequent processes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a back-contact solar cell and photovoltaic module to solve the technical problem of low printing yield of existing cells.

[0005] According to one aspect of this application, a back-contact solar cell is provided, including a substrate, an electrode structure, and a plurality of first insulating blocks. The electrode structure is disposed on one side surface of the substrate and extends along a first direction. The substrate has an electrode region where the electrode structure is disposed and a non-electrode region where no electrode structure is disposed. The plurality of first insulating blocks are disposed facing the electrode structure and respectively attached to the corresponding electrode structure. The plurality of first insulating blocks include a first edge insulating block adjacent to the non-electrode region and a plurality of first center insulating blocks and second edge insulating blocks. The plurality of first center insulating blocks are located between the first edge insulating blocks and the second edge insulating blocks in a second direction, which intersects the first direction. The first edge insulating blocks have a first edge close to the non-electrode region and a second edge away from the non-electrode region. The width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction is different from the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and the second edge insulating blocks in the second direction.

[0006] In an optional embodiment of this application, the first distance d1 between the center of the electrode structure with the first edge insulating block in the second direction and the first edge is smaller than the second distance d2 between the electrode structure and the second edge.

[0007] In the optional embodiments of this application, there is one electrode region and the non-electrode region is the edge region of the substrate.

[0008] In an optional embodiment of this application, there are multiple electrode regions, with two adjacent electrode regions spaced apart in the second direction, and the non-electrode regions are the edge regions of the substrate in the second direction and / or the interval regions between two adjacent electrode regions.

[0009] In an optional embodiment of this application, when the non-electrode region is the edge region of the substrate, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.87.

[0010] In an optional embodiment of this application, when the non-electrode region is the edge region of the substrate, the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.4 mm and the second spacing d2 is 0.08-0.46 mm.

[0011] In an optional embodiment of this application, when the non-electrode region is the interval between two adjacent electrode regions, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.55.

[0012] In an optional embodiment of this application, when the non-electrode region is the edge region of the substrate, the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.25 mm and the second spacing d2 is 0.081-0.46 mm.

[0013] In the optional scheme of this application, the difference between the second spacing d2 and the first spacing d1 is greater than 0 and not greater than 0.38 mm.

[0014] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction is W1, the distance between the first edge insulating block and the edge of the non-electrode region away from the first edge insulating block is D1, and the ratio between D1 and W1 is 0.033-0.067.

[0015] In an optional embodiment of this application, within each electrode region, in the direction along the second direction and from the non-electrode region toward the electrode region, the lengths of a plurality of first insulating blocks located at the ends of the electrode region decrease sequentially in the first direction.

[0016] In an optional embodiment of this application, the length difference between the first edge insulating block and the second edge insulating block is 2-4 mm.

[0017] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the edge region of the substrate in the second direction is greater than 0.2 mm.

[0018] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the gap between two adjacent electrode regions in the second direction is greater than 0.1 mm.

[0019] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction is smaller than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and the second edge insulating block in the second direction.

[0020] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction is greater than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and the second edge insulating block in the second direction.

[0021] In an optional embodiment of this application, the plurality of first insulating blocks are spaced equally in the second direction.

[0022] In an optional embodiment of this application, there are multiple electrode structures, and the electrode structures are spaced equally in the second direction.

[0023] According to another aspect of this application, a photovoltaic module is provided, which includes at least one of the aforementioned back-contact solar cells.

[0024] In an optional embodiment of this application, the photovoltaic module further includes an electrical connection wire connected to an electrode structure of a first polarity, and a first insulating block located between the electrical connection wire and the electrode structure of a second polarity, wherein the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite.

[0025] In an optional embodiment of this application, the electrode structure extends along a first direction. The photovoltaic module also includes a bus electrode extending along a second direction, which is connected to an electrode structure of the same polarity, and the bus electrode is located between the electrical connection line and the first insulating block.

[0026] In an optional embodiment of this application, the bus electrode is provided with a plurality of connection points spaced apart along the second direction, and a plurality of first insulating blocks are disposed between the connection points near the non-electrode region and the non-electrode region.

[0027] In an optional embodiment of this application, the back-contact solar cell further includes a plurality of second insulating blocks disposed between two adjacent connection points, the plurality of second insulating blocks being spaced apart in a second direction and having an electrode structure between two adjacent second insulating blocks; and / or, the plurality of second insulating blocks being connected as one unit.

[0028] In an optional embodiment of this application, the width of the bus electrode is not equal at at least two locations along its extension direction.

[0029] In an optional embodiment of this application, the back-contact solar cell further includes third insulating blocks disposed on both sides of the connection point in a first direction, and the third insulating blocks on both sides of the connection point are arranged symmetrically.

[0030] In summary, the back-contact solar cell and photovoltaic module provided in this application have at least the following beneficial effects:

[0031] In the back-contact solar cell of this application, a first edge insulating block is provided on the electrode structure adjacent to the non-electrode region, and the width of the first edge insulating block is different from the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and second edge insulating blocks. Thus, in one case, the width of the first edge insulating block is smaller than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and second edge insulating blocks. In this case, while ensuring the insulation effect, it is ensured that the first edge insulating block does not occupy too much of the non-electrode region. This not only reduces the amount of insulating material used to improve the cell warpage problem, but also prevents the insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode region to the other side of the cell to improve the problem of adhesive overflow on the front side of the cell. It also improves the cell printing yield and avoids subsequent process problems such as poor slicing.

[0032] Furthermore, considering that a narrower first edge insulating block might result in a narrower screen and less adhesive leakage, while an excessively narrow first edge insulating block could weaken the insulation effect and require more sophisticated processes, another solution is to widen the first edge insulating block. This involves merging the original narrow edge insulating block with the adjacent first central insulating block. The width of this first edge insulating block is greater than the width of multiple first central insulating blocks and second edge insulating blocks. This requires a larger screen opening and results in more adhesive leakage. In the printing process, the wider first edge insulating block can be more easily offset towards the direction away from the non-electrode area. This makes the wider first edge insulating block easier to print while ensuring the height of the insulating block and the insulation effect, reducing manufacturing errors and lowering the precision requirements of the printing process. At the same time, it can prevent insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode area to the other side of the battery, thus improving the adhesive overflow problem on the front of the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of this application or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application; those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a back-contact solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the circled part in Figure 3;

[0038] Figure 5 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a back-contact solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the circled portion in Figure 5;

[0040] Figure 7 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a back-contact solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 8 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a back-contact solar cell provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 100, back contact solar cell; 10, substrate; 11, electrode region; 12, non-electrode region; 20, electrode structure; 30, first insulating block; 30A, first edge insulating block; 30B, first center insulating block; 30C, second edge insulating block; 40, second insulating block; 50, third insulating block; 200, bus electrode; L1, first direction; L2, second direction. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the above and other features and advantages of this application clearer, the application is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments given herein are for the purpose of explanation to those skilled in the art and are exemplary only, not restrictive.

[0044] Furthermore, features specified with "first" or "second" for descriptive purposes only should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Features specified with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the specified features. The description of "multiple" generally means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0045] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the photovoltaic module of this application embodiment includes at least one back-contact solar cell 100. Specifically, the number of back-contact solar cells 100 in the photovoltaic module can be one or more. When the number of back-contact solar cells 100 in the photovoltaic module is multiple, the multiple back-contact solar cells 100 can be connected in series to form multiple cell strings. The multiple cell strings can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a series-parallel combination to achieve current collection and output. For example, the connection between two cell strings can be achieved by a busbar, and the connection between multiple back-contact solar cells 100 can be achieved by welding solder strips (also known as welding rods).

[0046] When a photovoltaic module is formed by the back-contact solar cell 100 according to the embodiments of this application, adjacent back-contact solar cells 100 are electrically connected and fixed by welding strips to realize the connection between multiple back-contact solar cells 100, thereby forming a photovoltaic module.

[0047] Referring to Figures 3 to 6, the back-contact solar cell 100 includes a substrate 10, an electrode structure 20, and a plurality of first insulating blocks 30.

[0048] Electrode structures 20 are disposed on one side surface of the substrate 10. When the back-contact solar cell 100 is installed, the non-light-facing surface is called the back-light surface (i.e., the side surface on which the electrode structures 20 are disposed), and the light-facing surface is called the light-receiving surface (also known as the front surface). The electrode structures 20 include two types of electrode structures 20 with opposite polarities. These two types of electrode structures 20 with opposite polarities are arranged alternately on the back-light surface, and one of the two types of electrode structures 20 with opposite polarities can be a positive grid line and the other can be a negative grid line.

[0049] When the electrode structure 20 is disposed on the substrate 10, the substrate 10 actually includes two different functional regions: the area of ​​the substrate 10 where the electrode structure 20 is disposed can be called the electrode region 11, and the area of ​​the substrate 10 where the electrode structure 20 is not disposed can be called the non-electrode region 12. In other words, the substrate 10 includes the electrode region 11 where the electrode structure 20 is disposed and the non-electrode region 12 where the electrode structure 20 is not disposed.

[0050] In some embodiments, the substrate 10 may be a silicon wafer with a PN junction. The non-electrode region 12 may be an edge region of the substrate 10 (i.e., a battery edge region) or a cutting channel region located in the middle of the substrate 10 for cutting, as will be described in detail below.

[0051] Multiple first insulating blocks 30 are disposed facing the electrode structure 20 and respectively attached to the corresponding electrode structure 20 to provide short-circuit protection for the battery. To further improve the insulation and adhesion effect of each first insulating block 30, the first insulating block 30 can also extend to the substrate 10 region adjacent to the electrode structure 20, so as to be attached to both the electrode structure 20 and the substrate 10 at the same time. This can significantly improve the connection reliability between the first insulating block 30 and the electrode structure 20 and prevent the first insulating block 30 from peeling off from the electrode structure 20.

[0052] The plurality of first insulating blocks 30 includes a first edge insulating block 30A adjacent to the non-electrode region 12 (i.e., the outermost first insulating block 30 among the plurality of first insulating blocks 30), the first edge insulating block 30A having a first edge 31 close to the non-electrode region 12 and a second edge 32 away from the non-electrode region 12.

[0053] In this configuration, the first distance d1 between the center of the electrode structure 20, which has the first edge insulating block 30A, and the first edge 31 is smaller than the second distance d2 between the first edge insulating block 30A and the second edge 32. In other words, the first edge insulating block 30A is asymmetrically distributed along the center of the electrode structure 20, and with reference to the center of the electrode structure 20, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side closer to the non-electrode region 12 is smaller than the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side farther from the non-electrode region 12. Furthermore, since the electrode structure 20 is typically a grid line structure with a certain width, when the electrode structure 20 with the first edge insulating block 30A is a single electrode structure 20, then the "center of the electrode structure 20" or "center of the electrode structure 20 in the second direction" or other similar expressions refer to the center of the electrode structure 20 in its width direction (i.e., the L2 direction in Figure 4). However, when the electrode structure 20 with the first edge insulating block 30A consists of multiple electrode structures 20 (for example, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the first edge insulating block 30A is attached to two same-type electrode structures and one opposite-type electrode structure), then the "center of the electrode structure 20" or "center of the electrode structure 20" refers to the center of the electrode structure 20 in its width direction (i.e., the L2 direction in Figure 4). The phrase "center of structure 20 in the second direction" or similar expressions refer to the center of a heterogeneous electrode structure 20 in its width direction (i.e., the L2 direction in Figure 4) or the centers of two homogeneous electrode structures 20 in their respective width directions (i.e., the L2 direction in Figure 4). In the former case, the first distance d1 between the center of the heterogeneous electrode structure 20 and the first edge 31 is smaller than the second distance d2 between it and the second edge 32 (as shown in Figure 7). In the latter case, the distance d1 between the first edge 31 and the center of the nearest homogeneous electrode structure 20 is smaller than the distance d2 between the second edge 32 and the center of the nearest homogeneous electrode structure 20 (as shown in Figure 8).

[0054] In addition, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A in the second direction L2 is different from the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks 30B and second edge insulating blocks 30C in the second direction L2.

[0055] For example, the electrode structure 20 can extend along the first direction L1. The first edge 31 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A refer to the two edges (also called boundaries) of the first edge insulating block 30A in the second direction L2. The second direction L2 intersects the first direction L1. Preferably, the second direction L2 is perpendicular to the first direction L1. That is, the first direction L1 is the length direction of the electrode structure 20 and the second direction L2 is the width direction of the electrode structure 20.

[0056] The first insulating block 30 is typically formed by curing an insulating material onto the electrode structure 20 and the substrate 10. Specifically, the insulating material can be an insulating adhesive, which is cured onto the electrode structure 20 and the substrate 10 to form an insulating adhesive block structure, thereby achieving a better insulation effect. Of course, the first insulating block 30 can also be other solid insulating materials, such as plastic, glass, etc.

[0057] It should be noted that, after the insulating material is cured and extended, it is easy to spread to the non-electrode area 12 (such as the edge area or the cutting area), which leads to process problems such as contamination of the substrate 10 and poor identification and slicing of the cutting area during the coating process of the insulating material. Therefore, in the back-contact solar cell 100 of this application, a first edge insulating block 30A is provided on the electrode structure 20 adjacent to the non-electrode region 12, and the width of the first edge insulating block 30A in the second direction L2 is different from the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks 30B and second edge insulating blocks 30C in the second direction L2. Thus, in one case, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A is smaller than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks 30B and second edge insulating blocks 30C. In this case, while ensuring the insulation effect, the first edge insulating block 30A is ensured not to occupy the non-electrode region 12. This not only reduces the amount of insulating material used to improve the warping problem of the cell, but also avoids the insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode region 12 to the other side (i.e., the front side) of the cell to improve the problem of adhesive overflow on the front side of the cell. It also improves the cell printing yield and avoids subsequent process problems such as poor slicing. Considering that a narrower first edge insulating block 30A may result in a narrower screen and less adhesive leakage, but if it is too narrow, the insulating block height may be insufficient, affecting the insulation effect and requiring higher process precision, another option is that the width of the first edge insulating block 30A is greater than the width of the multiple first center insulating blocks 30B and the second edge insulating block 30C (for example, by making the first edge insulating block 30A wider in the second direction L2, it extends in the second direction L2 away from the non-electrode region 12 toward the secondary edge insulating block, thus merging with the secondary edge insulating block, as shown in Figures 7 and 8). In this case, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A covers two same-polarity electrode structures and one opposite-polarity electrode structure, making the wider first edge insulating block 30A easier to print while ensuring sufficient insulating block height and insulation effect, reducing manufacturing errors, and lowering the process precision requirements.

[0058] Furthermore, in this application, when the first edge insulating block 30A is attached to only one electrode structure 20, the first distance d1 between the center of the electrode structure 20 and the first edge 31 of the first edge insulating block 30A near the non-electrode region 12 is less than the second distance d2 between the center of the electrode structure 20 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A away from the non-electrode region 12. Thus, after the insulating material cures and extends, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A differs on both sides of the center of the electrode structure 20. The width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side closer to the non-electrode region 12 is relatively smaller, while the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side farther from the non-electrode region 12 is relatively larger. This ensures the insulation effect while preventing the cured and extended first edge insulating block 30A from occupying the non-electrode region 12. This not only reduces the amount of insulating material used to improve the battery warping problem and prevents the insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode region 12 to the other side (i.e., the front side) of the battery to improve the problem of adhesive overflow on the front side of the battery, but also improves the battery printing yield and avoids subsequent process problems such as poor slicing. When the first edge insulating block 30A is attached to multiple electrode structures 20, for example, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A covers two same-type electrode structures and one opposite-type electrode structure, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A is asymmetrical about the center of the opposite-type electrode structure (the first distance d1 between the center of the opposite-type electrode structure 20 and the first edge 31 of the first edge insulating block 30A near the non-electrode region 12 is smaller than the second distance d2 between the center of the opposite-type electrode structure 20 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A away from the non-electrode region 12), or the two edges of the first edge insulating block 30A are asymmetrical about the centers of two same-type electrode structures (one same-type electrode structure near the non-electrode region 12 is asymmetrical about the center of the first edge insulating block 30A). The first distance d1 between the center of the polar electrode structure 20 and the first edge 31 of the first edge insulating block 30A near the non-electrode region 12 is smaller than the second distance d2 between the center of the other polar electrode structure 20 far from the non-electrode region 12 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A far from the non-electrode region 12. This makes the wider first edge insulating block 30A easier to print while ensuring sufficient height and insulation effect, reducing manufacturing errors and lowering process precision requirements. It also achieves the corresponding technical effects in the aforementioned case, such as ensuring that the first edge insulating block 30A does not occupy the non-electrode region 12, improving the problem of glue overflow on the front of the battery, and improving the battery printing yield.

[0059] Specifically, the shape of the first edge insulating block 30A can be elongated or square. The first edge 31 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A can include straight segments and / or curved segments.

[0060] For example, when the first edge 31 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A consist only of straight line segments, the first edge 31 and the second edge 32 are parallel to the center line of the electrode structure 20 along the first direction L1. In this case, the distance from any point on the first edge 31 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the distance from any point on the second edge 32 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0061] When the first edge 31 and the second edge 32 of the first edge insulating block 30A include curved segments, the curved segments can form a crest structure and / or a trough structure. Then, the distance from the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex farthest from the electrode structure 20) to the center of the electrode structure 20 among all the crest structures on the first edge 31 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the distance from the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex farthest from the electrode structure 20) to the center of the electrode structure 20 among all the crest structures on the second edge 32 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0062] Alternatively, the average distance from the vertices of all wave crest structures on the first edge 31 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the average distance from the vertices of all wave crest structures on the second edge 32 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0063] Alternatively, the distance from the vertex of the lowest valley structure (i.e. the vertex closest to the electrode structure 20) among all valley structures on the first edge 31 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the distance from the vertex of the lowest valley structure (i.e. the vertex closest to the electrode structure 20) among all valley structures on the second edge 32 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0064] Alternatively, the average distance from the vertices of all the trough structures on the first edge 31 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the average distance from the vertices of all the trough structures on the second edge 32 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0065] Alternatively, the average distance from the vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the first edge 31 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the first spacing d1, and the average distance from the vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the second edge 32 to the center of the electrode structure 20 can be selected as the second spacing d2.

[0066] In some optional embodiments, the difference between the second spacing d2 and the first spacing d1 is greater than 0 and not greater than 0.38 mm. For example, the difference between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 can be 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.38 mm, etc. With this configuration, the first edge insulating block 30A can sufficiently cover the electrode structure 20 and the substrate 10 near the non-electrode region 12 without exceeding the non-electrode region 12 of the substrate 10, thereby optimizing the surface of the substrate 10. It also prevents insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode region 12 onto the front side of the battery, thus improving the problem of adhesive overflow on the front side of the battery, improving the battery printing yield, and avoiding subsequent process problems such as poor slicing.

[0067] In some alternative embodiments, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A in the second direction L2 is W1, the distance between the first edge insulating block 30A and the edge of the non-electrode region 12 away from the first edge insulating block 30A is D1, and the ratio between D1 and W1 is 0.033-0.067.

[0068] Understandably, the width W1 of the first edge insulating block 30A here refers to the dimension of the first edge insulating block 30A in the second direction L2. The edge of the non-electrode region 12 away from the first edge insulating block 30A refers to the outermost edge or boundary of the substrate 10, which is also the outermost edge or boundary of the battery. In other words, the distance D1 between the first edge insulating block 30A and the edge of the non-electrode region 12 away from the first edge insulating block 30A can also be referred to as the width of the non-electrode region 12 in the second direction L2.

[0069] For example, the ratio between D1 and W1 can be 0.033, 0.037, 0.04, 0.043, 0.047, 0.05, 0.053, 0.057, 0.06, 0.067, etc. Thus, making the ratio between D1 and W1 reach any value within the above range ensures a high degree of matching between the width of the first edge insulating block 30A and the width of the non-electrode region 12 in the second direction L2, thereby maximizing the optimization of the substrate 10 surface, improving the battery printing yield, and avoiding subsequent process problems such as poor slicing.

[0070] Referring to Figures 3 and 4, the electrode region 11 is a single entity, and the non-electrode region 12 is the edge region of the substrate 10. At this time, the entire cell does not need to be cut. After the electrode structure 20 is placed on the substrate 10, the center of the substrate 10 is used to set the electrode structure 20 to form the electrode region 11, while the edge region outside the electrode region 11 without the electrode structure 20 is the non-electrode region 12. After the insulating material has cured and extended, the back-contact solar cell 100 still has an edge region that is not contaminated by the first edge insulating block 30A, thus improving the cell printing yield while ensuring insulation performance.

[0071] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, there are multiple electrode regions 11, with two adjacent electrode regions 11 spaced apart in the second direction L2. The non-electrode regions 12 are the edge regions of the substrate 10 in the second direction L2 and / or the interval regions (i.e., the cutting groove regions) between two adjacent electrode regions 11.

[0072] In other words, when the entire back contact solar cell 100 needs to be cut into multiple pieces, the back contact solar cell 100 has an edge region and a gap region (i.e., a cutting channel region) located between two adjacent electrode regions 11 before cutting, and can be cut on the cutting channel region between two adjacent electrode regions 11.

[0073] Understandably, if the cutting area is covered by an extended insulating block, it will cause changes in thickness, thus affecting battery cutting and leading to an increase in the breakage rate. Therefore, this application provides a first edge insulating block 30A on the electrode structure 20 adjacent to the cutting area, so that the width of the first edge insulating block 30A differs on both sides of the electrode structure 20. The width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side closer to the cutting area is relatively smaller, while the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side farther from the cutting area is relatively larger. Thus, the first edge insulating block 30A ensures insulation while also ensuring that the first edge insulating block 30A does not occupy the cutting area. This not only reduces the amount of insulating material used to improve the battery warping problem, but also avoids process problems such as poor slicing.

[0074] In some optional embodiments, when the non-electrode region 12 is an edge region of the substrate 10, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.87. For example, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 can be 0.17, 0.20, 0.27, 0.30, 0.37, 0.40, 0.47, 0.50, 0.57, 0.67, 0.77, 0.87, etc. When the non-electrode region 12 is a gap region between two adjacent electrode regions 11, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.55. For example, the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 can be 0.17, 0.20, 0.22, 0.25, 0.27, 0.30, 0.37, 0.40, 0.47, 0.50, 0.52, 0.55, etc.

[0075] If the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is too small, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side of the electrode structure 20 near the non-electrode region 12 will be too small. In this case, its adhesion area on the substrate 10 will be too small, resulting in poor fixation and making it easy for the first edge insulating block 30A to peel off from the electrode structure 20. If the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is too large, the width of the first edge insulating block 30A on the side of the electrode structure 20 near the non-electrode region 12 will be too large. In this case, its adhesion area on the substrate 10 will be too large, leading to contamination of the substrate 10 after the insulating material is coated, which is detrimental to improving the battery printing yield and causing subsequent slicing defects. Therefore, ensuring that the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 reaches any value within the aforementioned range can guarantee that the first edge insulating block 30A has sufficient insulation effect, thereby protecting the non-polar electrode, optimizing the surface of the substrate 10, improving the battery printing yield, and avoiding subsequent slicing defects.

[0076] In some optional embodiments, when the non-electrode region 12 is the edge region of the substrate 10, the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.4 mm. For example, the first spacing d1 can be 0.08 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.32 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.4 mm, etc. When the non-electrode region 12 is the interval region between two adjacent electrode regions 11, the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.25 mm. For example, the first spacing d1 can be 0.08 mm, 0.09 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.18 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.22 mm, 0.25 mm, etc.

[0077] Making the first spacing d1 reach any value within the above range can ensure that the first edge insulating block 30A does not exceed the non-electrode region 12 of the substrate 10, and that the first edge insulating block 30A can sufficiently cover the portion of the substrate 10 located between the non-electrode region 12 and the electrode structure 20, thus ensuring that the first edge insulating block 30A has sufficient insulation effect.

[0078] In some optional embodiments, when the non-electrode region 12 is the edge region of the substrate 10, the second spacing d2 is 0.081-0.46 mm. For example, the second spacing d2 can be 0.081 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.44 mm, 0.46 mm, etc. When the non-electrode region 12 is the interval region between two adjacent electrode regions 11, the second spacing d2 is 0.081-0.46 mm. For example, the second spacing d2 can be 0.081 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.28 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.35 mm, 0.38 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.42 mm, 0.44 mm, 0.46 mm, etc.

[0079] This configuration ensures that the first edge insulating block 30A can adequately cover the portion of the substrate 10 located between the electrode structure 20 and the adjacent heterogeneous electrode, thus guaranteeing that the first edge insulating block 30A has sufficient insulation effect.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, the width of the edge region of the substrate 10 in the second direction L2 is greater than 0.2 mm. In this case, if the non-electrode region 12 is the edge region of the substrate 10, then the width of the edge region of the substrate 10 in the second direction L2 is the width D1 of the non-electrode region 12. Preferably, the width of the edge region of the substrate 10 in the second direction L2 is 0.28 mm.

[0081] In some optional embodiments, the width of the gap region (i.e., the cleavage region) between two adjacent electrode regions 11 in the second direction L2 is greater than 0.1 mm. In this case, if the non-electrode region 12 is the cleavage region of the substrate 10, then the width of the cleavage region of the substrate 10 in the second direction L2 is the width D1 of the non-electrode region 12. Preferably, the width of the cleavage region in the second direction L2 is 0.2 mm.

[0082] As shown in Figures 3 and 6, within each electrode region 11, in the direction along the second direction L2 from the non-electrode region 12 toward the electrode region 11, the lengths of a plurality of first insulating blocks 30 arranged sequentially at the ends of the electrode region 11 decrease sequentially in the first direction L1. In this case, the ends can be one end closer to the non-electrode region 12 (corresponding to the end of the solder ribbon head) and / or one end farther from the non-electrode region 12 (corresponding to the end of the solder ribbon tail) in the direction along the second direction L2 from the non-electrode region 12 toward the electrode region 11. The pyramidal arrangement of the plurality of first insulating blocks 30 at these ends in the second direction L2 avoids short-circuit problems caused by offset of the solder ribbon head and / or tail, and also minimizes the amount of insulating material used compared to overall widening.

[0083] For example, within each electrode region 11, in the direction along the second direction L2 and from the non-electrode region 12 toward the electrode region 11, the lengths of a plurality of first insulating blocks 30 arranged consecutively near one end of the non-electrode region 12 decrease sequentially to avoid short circuit problems caused by solder ribbon head offset; or, the lengths of a plurality of first insulating blocks 30 arranged consecutively away from the non-electrode region 12 decrease sequentially to avoid short circuit problems caused by solder ribbon tail offset; or, the lengths of a plurality of first insulating blocks 30 arranged consecutively near one end of the non-electrode region 12 and away from one end of the non-electrode region 12 both decrease sequentially to simultaneously avoid short circuit problems caused by solder ribbon head and solder ribbon tail offset.

[0084] The plurality of first insulating blocks 30 also includes a plurality of first central insulating blocks 30B and second edge insulating blocks 30C. The plurality of first central insulating blocks 30B are located between the first edge insulating blocks 30A and the second edge insulating blocks 30C in the second direction L2, and the length difference between the first edge insulating blocks 30A and the second edge insulating blocks 30C is 2-4 mm. For example, the length difference between the first edge insulating blocks 30A and the second edge insulating blocks 30C can be 2 mm, 2.5 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm, 4 mm, etc. This arrangement can minimize the amount of insulating material used, thereby improving the battery warping problem.

[0085] For example, the width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction L2 is smaller than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and second edge insulating blocks in the second direction L2, so that the first edge insulating block 30A after curing and extension will not occupy the non-electrode area 12. This not only reduces the amount of insulating material used to improve the warping problem of the battery, but also prevents the insulating material from overflowing from the non-electrode area 12 to the other side (i.e. the front side) of the battery to improve the problem of adhesive overflow on the front side of the battery, but also improves the battery printing yield and avoids subsequent process problems such as poor slicing.

[0086] For example, the width of the first edge insulating block in the second direction L2 is greater than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks and the second edge insulating block in the second direction L2, so that the wider first edge insulating block 30A is easier to print while ensuring sufficient insulating block height and insulation effect, less prone to manufacturing errors, and reduces process precision requirements.

[0087] For example, the plurality of first insulating blocks are spaced equally in the second direction L2. Similar to the first edge insulating block 30A, the plurality of first insulating blocks 30 (including the central insulating block 30B and the second edge insulating block 30C) may be elongated or square in shape and include corresponding first edges 31 and second edges 32, wherein the first edges 31 and second edges 32 of the plurality of first insulating blocks 30 may include straight segments and / or curved segments.

[0088] For example, when the first edges 31 and second edges 32 of a plurality of first insulating blocks 30 consist only of straight line segments, and the first edges 31 and second edges 32 are parallel to each other, the distance from any point on the first edge 31 of one insulating block to the corresponding point on the second edge 32 of the adjacent insulating block (the line connecting any point and its corresponding point is parallel to the second direction L2) can be selected as the interval between the two insulating blocks in the second direction L2; or, the distance from any point on the second edge 32 of one insulating block to the corresponding point on the first edge 31 of the adjacent insulating block (the line connecting any point and its corresponding point is parallel to the second direction L2) can be selected as the interval between the two insulating blocks in the second direction L2.

[0089] In the case where the first edge 31 and second edge 32 of multiple first insulating blocks 30 include curved segments, the curved segments can form crest structures and / or trough structures. The distance from the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex furthest from the center of the insulating block in the second direction L2) on the first edge 31 of an insulating block to the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex furthest from the center of the adjacent insulating block in the second direction L2) on the second edge 32 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval. Alternatively, the distance from the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex furthest from the center of the insulating block in the second direction L2) on the second edge 32 of an insulating block to the vertex of the largest crest structure (the vertex furthest from the center of the adjacent insulating block in the second direction L2) on the first edge 31 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval.

[0090] Alternatively, the average distance from each vertex of a wave crest structure on the first edge 31 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertex of a wave crest structure on the second edge 32 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval; or, the average distance from each vertex of a wave crest structure on the second edge 32 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertex of a wave crest structure on the first edge 31 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval.

[0091] Alternatively, the distance from the vertex of the lowest trough structure (the vertex closest to the center of the insulating block in the second direction L2) of all trough structures on the first edge 31 of an insulating block to the vertex of the lowest trough structure (the vertex closest to the center of the adjacent insulating block in the second direction L2) of all trough structures on the second edge 32 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction is selected as the interval; or, the distance from the vertex of the lowest trough structure (the vertex closest to the center of the insulating block in the second direction L2) of all trough structures on the second edge 32 of an insulating block to the vertex of the lowest trough structure (the vertex closest to the center of the adjacent insulating block in the second direction L2) of all trough structures on the first edge 31 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction is selected as the interval.

[0092] Alternatively, the average distance from each vertex of a trough structure on the first edge 31 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertex of a trough structure on the second edge 32 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval; or, the average distance from each vertex of a trough structure on the second edge 32 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertex of a trough structure on the first edge 31 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be selected as the interval.

[0093] Alternatively, the average distances from the vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the first edge 31 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the second edge 32 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be used as the interval; or, the average distances from the vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the second edge 32 of an insulating block to the corresponding vertices of all crest structures and all trough structures on the first edge 31 of an adjacent insulating block in the second direction can be used as the interval.

[0094] Although various exemplary descriptions have been provided above regarding the spacing of the plurality of first insulating blocks in the second direction L2, it should be understood that other situations may exist regarding the spacing of the plurality of first insulating blocks in the second direction L2. For example, the crest structure of one edge of an insulating block corresponds to the trough structure of the other edge of an adjacent insulating block instead of the crest structure, or the trough structure of one edge of an insulating block corresponds to the crest structure of the other edge of an adjacent insulating block instead of the trough structure. In these cases, the spacing of the plurality of first insulating blocks in the second direction L2 can be determined in various possible suitable ways, similar to the exemplary descriptions above regarding the spacing of the plurality of first insulating blocks in the second direction L2. As another example, the vertices of the crest structures and the vertices of the trough structures of adjacent edges of two adjacent insulating blocks do not necessarily correspond perfectly in the second direction L2. In this case, several points can be selected at certain intervals from the center of the bus electrode in the first direction L1 to both sides of it in the first direction L1, and the average distance between the intersection points of the lines connecting these points along the second direction L2 and the adjacent insulating blocks can be used as the spacing between the two adjacent insulating blocks. Other suitable methods for determining the spacing are also possible.

[0095] In this application, "same intervals" is intended to include situations where the intervals are substantially the same. For example, intervals that deviate from each other within a predetermined allowable range can be understood as having the same intervals, such as 5%, 10%, or 15%.

[0096] For example, there are multiple electrode structures, and the electrode structures are spaced equally in the second direction L2. The photovoltaic module of this application also includes electrical connecting wires (not shown, also referred to as solder strips), which are connected to the electrode structure 20 of the first polarity. A first insulating block 30 is located between the electrical connecting wires and the electrode structure 20 of the second polarity, and the polarities of the first polarity and the second polarity are opposite. Specifically, the electrical connecting wires may be, but are not limited to, tin-plated copper strips, tin-coated copper strips, tin-plated aluminum strips, tin-coated aluminum strips, etc.

[0097] For example, in a battery string (containing multiple back-contact solar cells 100), electrical connection wires are soldered to the first polarity electrode structure 20 of the first cell and the second polarity electrode structure 20 of the second cell, and so on. Specifically, the first polarity electrode structure 20 can be a positive electrode structure, and correspondingly, the second polarity electrode structure 20 can be a negative electrode structure, or vice versa.

[0098] In this implementation, the first insulating block 30 is located between the electrical connection line and the electrode structure 20 of the second polarity. That is, when the electrical connection line is connected to the positive electrode structure, the first insulating block 30 is provided at the position of the negative electrode structure that the electrical connection line crosses. One side surface of the first insulating block 30 faces the negative electrode structure and is attached to the negative electrode structure, while the other side surface faces the electrical connection line and is attached to the electrical connection line. This achieves electrical insulation between the electrical connection line and the negative electrode structure it crosses, thereby avoiding short circuit problems caused by solder strip misalignment during the serial soldering process, and at the same time avoiding the risk of electrode structure 20 melting due to direct contact between the solder strip and the electrode structure 20 of the same polarity.

[0099] To achieve the connection between the electrical connection wire and the electrode structure 20, solder joints (not shown) can be provided on the electrode structure 20. The electrical connection wire is connected to multiple electrode structures 20 through the solder joints on multiple electrode structures 20 to achieve the connection between the back contact solar cell 100 and other back contact solar cells 100. Among them, multiple first insulating blocks 30 are disposed between the solder joints and the non-electrode region 12 near the non-electrode region 12.

[0100] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the photovoltaic module also includes a busbar electrode 200 extending along the second direction L2, an electrode structure 20 extending along the first direction L1, the busbar electrode 200 and the electrode structure 20 with the same polarity are connected, and the busbar electrode 200 is located between the electrical connection line and the first insulating block 30.

[0101] Understandably, there may be multiple bus electrodes 200, each bus electrode 200 being used to connect with multiple electrode structures 20 of the same polarity to collect the current collected by the multiple electrode structures 20 of the same polarity. Specifically, the multiple bus electrodes 200 include positive and negative bus electrodes 200. The positive bus electrode 200 is connected with multiple positive electrode structures 20 to collect the current collected by the multiple positive electrode structures 20; the negative bus electrode 200 is used to connect with multiple negative electrode structures 20 to collect the current collected by the multiple negative electrode structures 20.

[0102] In this embodiment, the electrical connection wire is connected to the bus electrode 200 to achieve the connection between the back-contact solar cell 100 and other back-contact solar cells 100. For example, in a cell string, the electrical connection wire is connected to the positive bus electrode 200 of the first cell, and simultaneously connected to the negative bus electrode 200 of the second cell. The bus electrode 200 is located between the electrical connection wire and the first insulating block 30. The first insulating block 30 provides electrical insulation between the electrical connection wire and the negative bus electrode 200 it crosses, thereby avoiding short circuits caused by solder ribbon misalignment during stringing and preventing the risk of the bus electrode 200 melting due to direct contact between the solder ribbon and the same polarity bus electrode 200.

[0103] To achieve the connection between the electrical connection line and the bus electrode 200, the bus electrode 200 is provided with a plurality of connection points P spaced apart along the second direction. The electrical connection line is connected to a plurality of bus electrodes 200 of the same polarity through the connection points P on the plurality of bus electrodes 200, thereby realizing the connection between the back contact solar cell 100 and other back contact solar cells 100. A plurality of first insulating blocks 30 are disposed between the connection points P near the non-electrode region 12 and the non-electrode region 12.

[0104] Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, the width of the bus electrode 200 is not equal at at least two locations along its extension direction. Preferably, the width of the bus electrode 200 along its extension direction is alternately increasing and decreasing, wherein the connection point P is provided at the widest part of the bus electrode 200 along its extension direction.

[0105] Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, the back-contact solar cell 100 further includes a plurality of second insulating blocks 40 disposed between two adjacent connection points P. The plurality of second insulating blocks 40 are spaced apart in the second direction L2, and an electrode structure 20 is present between adjacent second insulating blocks 40. Here, each second insulating block 40 can achieve electrical isolation between the electrical connection line and its corresponding opposite electrode. Alternatively, in the extension direction of the electrical connection line, the plurality of second insulating blocks 40 can be connected as a single unit, that is, the plurality of second insulating blocks 40 are continuously disposed without separation, with gaps only at the connection points between the electrical connection line and the electrode structure or busbar electrode.

[0106] Referring again to Figures 1 and 2, the back contact solar cell 100 also includes third insulating blocks 50 disposed on both sides of the connection point P in the first direction L1, and the third insulating blocks 50 on both sides of the connection point P are symmetrically arranged, thereby electrically isolating the opposite electrodes on both sides of the electrical connection line.

[0107] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A back-contact solar cell (100) comprising a substrate (10), an electrode structure (20), and a plurality of first insulating blocks (30); The electrode structure (20) is disposed on one side surface of the substrate (10) and extends along a first direction (L1), and the substrate (10) has an electrode region (11) where the electrode structure (20) is disposed and a non-electrode region (12) where the electrode structure (20) is not disposed. A plurality of first insulating blocks (30) are attached to the corresponding electrode structure (20), and the plurality of first insulating blocks (30) include a first edge insulating block (30A) adjacent to the non-electrode region (12) and a plurality of first center insulating blocks (30B) and a second edge insulating block (30C). The plurality of first center insulating blocks (30B) are located between the first edge insulating block (30A) and the second edge insulating block (30C) in a second direction (L2). The first edge insulating block (30A) has a first edge (31) close to the non-electrode region (12) and a second edge (32) away from the non-electrode region (12). The second direction (L2) intersects with the first direction (L1). The width of the first edge insulating block (30A) in the second direction (L2) is different from the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks (30B) and second edge insulating blocks (30C) in the second direction (L2).

2. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 1, wherein, The first distance d1 between the center of the electrode structure (20) with the first edge insulating block (30A) in the second direction (L2) and the first edge (31) is smaller than the second distance d2 between the electrode structure (20) and the second edge (32).

3. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 2, wherein, The electrode region (11) is one, and the non-electrode region (12) is the edge region of the substrate (10); or, There are multiple electrode regions (11), and two adjacent electrode regions (11) are spaced apart in the second direction (L2). The non-electrode region (12) is the edge region of the substrate (10) in the second direction (L2) and / or the interval region between two adjacent electrode regions (11).

4. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 3, wherein, When the non-electrode region (12) is the edge region of the substrate (10), the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.87; and / or When the non-electrode region (12) is the interval region between two adjacent electrode regions (11), the ratio between the first spacing d1 and the second spacing d2 is 0.17 to 0.

55.

5. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 3, wherein, When the non-electrode region (12) is the edge region of the substrate (10), the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.4 mm, and the second spacing d2 is 0.081-0.46 mm; and / or When the non-electrode region (12) is the interval between two adjacent electrode regions (11), the first spacing d1 is 0.08-0.25 mm and the second spacing d2 is 0.081-0.46 mm.

6. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 2-5, wherein, The difference between the second spacing d2 and the first spacing d1 is greater than 0 and not greater than 0.38 mm; and / or The width of the first edge insulating block (30A) in the second direction (L2) is W1, and the distance between the first edge insulating block (30A) and the edge of the non-electrode region (12) away from the first edge insulating block (30A) is D1. The ratio between D1 and W1 is 0.033-0.

067.

7. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 3, wherein, Within each electrode region (11), in the direction along the second direction (L2) and from the non-electrode region (12) toward the electrode region (11), the lengths of the plurality of first insulating blocks (30) located at the ends of the electrode region (11) decrease sequentially in the first direction (L1).

8. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to claim 7, wherein, The length difference between the first edge insulating block (30A) and the second edge insulating block (30C) is 2-4 mm; and / or The edge region of the substrate (10) has a width greater than 0.2 mm in the second direction (L2); and / or The width of the gap between two adjacent electrode regions (11) in the second direction (L2) is greater than 0.1 mm.

9. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The width of the first edge insulating block (30A) in the second direction (L2) is smaller than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks (30B) and the second edge insulating block (30C) in the second direction (L2).

10. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The width of the first edge insulating block (30A) in the second direction (L2) is greater than the width of the plurality of first center insulating blocks (30B) and the second edge insulating block (30C) in the second direction (L2).

11. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The plurality of first insulating blocks (30) are spaced equally in the second direction (L2).

12. The back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, There are multiple electrode structures (20), and the electrode structures (20) are spaced at the same interval in the second direction (L2).

13. A photovoltaic module comprising at least one back-contact solar cell (100) according to any one of claims 1-12.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 13, wherein, The photovoltaic module also includes an electrical connection wire, which is connected to the electrode structure (20) of the first polarity; The first insulating block (30) is located between the electrical connection line and the electrode structure (20) of the second polarity, the first polarity being opposite to the second polarity.

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 14, wherein, The electrode structure (20) extends along the first direction (L1), and the photovoltaic module further includes a bus electrode (200) extending along the second direction (L2); The bus electrode (200) is connected to the electrode structure (20) with the same polarity, and the bus electrode (200) is located between the electrical connection line and the first insulating block (30).

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, wherein, The bus electrode (200) is provided with a plurality of connection points (P) spaced apart along the second direction (L2), and a plurality of first insulating blocks (30) are disposed between the connection points (P) and the non-electrode region (12) near the non-electrode region (12).

17. The photovoltaic module according to claim 16, wherein, The back-contact solar cell (100) further includes a plurality of second insulating blocks (40) disposed between two adjacent connection points (P), the plurality of second insulating blocks (40) being spaced apart in the second direction (L2) and having the electrode structure (20) between two adjacent second insulating blocks (40); and / or The back-contact solar cell (100) further includes a plurality of second insulating blocks (40) disposed between two adjacent connection points (P), the plurality of second insulating blocks (40) being connected as one unit; and / or The width of the bus electrode (200) is not equal at at least two locations in its extension direction; and / or The back-contact solar cell (100) further includes third insulating blocks (50) disposed on both sides of the connection point (P) in the first direction (L1), and the third insulating blocks (50) on both sides of the connection point (P) are arranged symmetrically.

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