Method for additive welding of metal articles

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of additive technologies and can be used when welding with a metal wire melted by sources of heat. The present method includes feeding a filler wire into a weld region of a metal article, where the filler wire is melted by at least one concentrated stream of energy. Adaptive feed of the filler wire is carried out by cyclically adjusting the speed or interrupting the feed of the filler wire according to a binary feedback signal based on the processing of an electric signal in the presence or absence of electrical contact between the filler wire and the base of the metal article. The metal article and the filler wire are connected into the circuit of a voltage source. The adaptive feed of the filler wire is characterized by alternating steps of feeding the filler wire to the metal article when a high feedback signal level is registered and interrupting the feed of the filler wire when a low signal level is registered. The invention provides an increase in the stability and reproducibility of an additive metal wire welding process and an improvement in the quality of metal articles treated by additive wire welding.

Description

[0001] Method of additive surfacing of metal products and device for its implementation

[0002] AREA OF TECHNOLOGY

[0003] The invention relates to the field of additive technologies and can be used in surfacing with wire metal material with melting by heat sources: laser beam, electron beam, plasma arc, plasma jet.

[0004] LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

[0005] A method for electron-beam metal surfacing and a device for implementing it are known, disclosed in CN 106392290 A, published February 15, 2017, prototype. The method for surfacing with concentrated energy sources in the form of multiple electron beams with a vertical filler wire feed involves electron-beam surfacing or welding with a symmetrical arrangement of 2, 3, or 4 electron-beam guns around a channel for feeding the filler wire.

[0006] The disadvantage of the technical solution disclosed above is the limited quality of the products and the difficulty of controlling the width of the bead due to the lack of oscillation of the electron beams, control and regulation of the relative position of the electron beam and the deposited wire.

[0007] Furthermore, a method for electron beam metal surfacing and a device for implementing it are known from the prior art, disclosed in RU 2804862 C1, published October 6, 2023, which discloses that a vertically fed wire is melted using electron beams directed symmetrically from different directions. To melt the area shielded by the wire from the electron beam, a negative potential is applied to the wire and an electric arc is ignited between its end and the surface being surfacing. The electron beams are focused to achieve a predetermined energy density on the surface being surfacing and on the surface of the wire. Control of the heat input distribution into the wire and the surface being surfacing is achieved by shaping a predetermined oscillation trajectory of the electron beams.

[0008] The disadvantage of the technical solution disclosed above is the lack of self-regulation of the volume of deposited material.

[0009] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0010] The objective of the claimed invention is to develop a method for additive surfacing of metal parts with adaptive filler wire feed and a device for implementing this method. The technical result of the invention is to increase the stability and reproducibility of the additive surfacing process with metal wire, improve the quality of metal parts produced by additive wire surfacing, and reduce the complexity of developing additive wire surfacing modes for metal parts.

[0011] The said technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method of additive surfacing of metal products with adaptive feed of filler wire, including feeding filler wire into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product, in which the filler wire is melted by at least one concentrated energy flow, wherein the adaptive feed of filler wire, providing controlled droplet transfer of the surfacing material into the surfacing area, is carried out with cyclic changes in speed or interruption of the feed of filler wire according to a binary feedback signal based on the processing of an electrical signal in the presence or absence of electrical contact of the filler wire with the base of the metal product, wherein the metal product and the filler wire are included in the circuit of the voltage source,and the adaptive feed of the filler wire is characterized by an alternating stage of feeding the filler wire to the metal product upon recording a high level of the feedback signal corresponding to the absence of contact of the filler wire with the metal product, and a stage of interrupting the feed of the filler wire upon recording a low level of the feedback signal corresponding to the presence of contact of the filler wire with the metal product.

[0012] A concentrated flow of energy is a plasma arc, a plasma jet, an electron beam, a laser beam.

[0013] Melting is carried out with a controlled distribution of concentrated energy flows.

[0014] The filler wire is fed vertically.

[0015] Feed the filler wire at an angle of no more than 60° to the normal.

[0016] Concentrated energy flows are located at an angle of no more than 65° relative to the filler wire.

[0017] The voltage source connected to the filler wire has variable polarity and when processing the electrical signal, filtering is used at the source frequency, including the use of synchronous detection for this purpose.

[0018] The presence or absence of contact of the filler wire is determined on the basis of an electrical signal selected from the group: voltage on the filler wire; resistance in the load resistor included in the voltage source circuit; direct current in the diode included in the voltage source circuit.

[0019] Adaptive feed of filler wire is carried out on the basis of repeating the following successive steps: a) when a high level of feedback signal is registered, filler wire is fed at a feed rate equal to the base feed rate; b) when a low level of feedback signal is registered, filler wire is fed at a feed rate reduced by an amount not less than 25% of the base feed rate, or the feed of filler wire is stopped, or the filler wire is fed in reverse welding at a rate not exceeding 300% of the base feed rate;

[0020] Before stage a), a forced feed of filler wire is carried out at a feed rate increased by no more than 300% of the base feed rate for a time during which the filler wire is lowered by no more than 5 mm.

[0021] After step a), an excess feed of filler wire is carried out at a feed rate reduced by no more than 75% of the base feed rate for a time during which the filler wire is lowered by no more than 5 mm.

[0022] After step b), an excessive interruption of the filler wire feed is carried out at a feed rate reduced by at least 25% of the base feed rate, or the filler wire feed is stopped, or the filler wire is fed in reverse welding at a rate of no more than 300% of the base feed rate, for a time during which the filler wire rises by no more than 15 mm.

[0023] During adaptive feed of filler wire, the occurrence of an emergency mode is monitored based on a comparison of the feedback signal value with a specified feedback signal threshold value.

[0024] With adaptive feed of filler wire, the duration of the stages of feed of filler wire, interruption and slow feed of filler wire are measured.

[0025] With adaptive feed of filler wire, the occurrence of an emergency mode is monitored based on a comparison of the duration of the stages of feed of filler wire, interruption and slow feed of filler wire with their critical values.

[0026] During surfacing, at least one beam is continuously oscillated along a trajectory that increases the area of ​​interaction between the beam and the base metal. Electron or laser beams are oriented relative to the wire at an angle not exceeding 65° and positioned so that their convergence point is on the filler wire feed axis and is embedded in the metal in the surfacing zone by a depth no less than the depth of the deposited layer.

[0027] When registering a high level of feedback signal, the power of the source of concentrated energy flows is reduced by 25-100% compared to the power of the specified source when registering a low level of feedback signal.

[0028] The said technical result is also achieved due to the fact that the device for additive surfacing of metal products, comprising a mechanism for feeding filler wire into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product through a guide channel, at least one source for generating a concentrated energy flow directed into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product for melting the filler wire, a voltage source in the circuit of which the filler wire and the metal product are included, and a control unit configured with the possibility of generating a binary feedback signal based on the processing of electrical data when registering the presence or absence of electrical contact between the filler wire and the base of the metal product and transmitting the feedback signal to the filler wire feed mechanism for adaptive feeding of the filler wire,characterized by an alternating stage of feeding the filler wire to the metal product upon registration of a high level of the feedback signal and a stage of interrupting the filler wire upon registration of a low level of the feedback signal,

[0029] The voltage source connected to the filler wire has variable polarity and when processing the electrical signal, filtering is used at the source frequency, including the use of synchronous detection for this purpose.

[0030] The source for generating a concentrated energy flow is a plasma torch or plasma torches, or electron beam guns, or laser heads equipped with power sources.

[0031] The source for generating a concentrated energy flow contains an oscillation unit that generates a sweep of at least one beam along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product (6).

[0032] The electron beams of electron-beam guns or laser beams of laser heads are oriented relative to the filler wire at an angle not exceeding 65° and are positioned so that the convergence point of the beams is on the filler wire feed axis and is embedded in the metal in the deposition zone by a depth no less than the height of the deposited layer. The control unit registers the presence or absence of filler wire contact based on an electrical signal selected from the following: voltage on the filler wire; resistance in a load resistor included in the voltage source circuit; and direct current in a diode included in the voltage source circuit.

[0033] The control unit is designed with the ability to measure the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire.

[0034] The control unit is designed with the ability to compare the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire with their critical values.

[0035] The control unit is configured to compare the value of the feedback signal with a specified threshold value of the feedback signal.

[0036] The source of formation of a concentrated energy flow forms a plasma arc, a plasma jet, an electron beam, a laser beam.

[0037] The source for generating a concentrated energy flow is designed with the ability to generate a controlled distribution of concentrated energy flows.

[0038] The filler wire feed mechanism is designed to feed the filler wire vertically.

[0039] The filler wire feed mechanism is designed to feed the filler wire at an angle of no more than 60° to the normal.

[0040] The source for forming a concentrated energy flow is designed with the possibility of directing concentrated energy flows at an angle of no more than 65° relative to the filler wire.

[0041] The control unit is configured to reduce the power of the concentrated flow source by 25-100% when registering a high level of the feedback signal, compared to the power of the said source when registering a low level of the feedback signal.

[0042] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] The invention will be better understood from the description, which is not limiting in nature and is given with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show:

[0044] Fig. 1 - the claimed device with two electron beams (general view).

[0045] Fig. 2 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (stopping the feed of filler wire at the interruption stage).

[0046] Fig. 3 - cyclograms of adaptive filler wire feed (slow filler wire feed at the interruption stage). Fig. 4 - cyclograms of adaptive filler wire feed (filler wire feed in the reverse direction at the interruption stage).

[0047] Fig. 5 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (excessive feed of filler wire for a certain time when registering a low level of feedback signal.

[0048] Fig. 6 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (excess feed of filler wire with reduced feed rate for a certain time when registering a low level of feedback signal.

[0049] Fig. 7 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (excessive interruption of feed of filler wire in the form of stopping the feed of filler wire for a certain time when registering a high level of feedback signal.

[0050] Fig. 8 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (excessive interruption of feed of filler wire in the form of slow feed of filler wire for a certain time when registering a high level of feedback signal.

[0051] Fig. 9 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire (forced feed of filler wire when registering a high level of feedback signal.

[0052] Fig. 10 - cyclograms of adaptive feed of filler wire, including most of the variants of adaptive feed of filler wire, disclosed in Figs. 2-9.

[0053] Fig. 11 - The area near the deposited section, made in the form of a depression.

[0054] Fig. 12 - Area near the welded section, made in the form of a tubercle.

[0055] 1 - filler wire feed mechanism; 2 - filler wire; 3 - guide channel; 4 - tip; 5 - accumulator; 6 - metal product; 7 - voltage source; 8 - load resistor; 9 - control unit; 10 - source of concentrated energy flow formation; 11 - concentrated energy flow; 12 - motor driver; F - duration of filler wire feed stage, ms; B - duration of filler wire feed interruption stage, ms; V - filler wire feed speed, m / min; S - feedback signal, relative units; Рф Орс - duration of forced feed of filler wire, msec; F u3 6 - duration of excess feed of filler wire, msec; B и3 b - duration of excessive interruption of filler wire feed, ms; VF - basic feed speed of filler wire, m / min; ДУф Орс- the value of the increase in feed rate relative to the base feed rate during forced feed of filler wire, m / min; AVF U3 6 - the value of feed rate reduction relative to the base feed rate during excess feed of filler wire, m / min; AVB - the value of feed rate reduction at the interruption stage relative to the base feed rate, m / min; Увисб - the value of feed rate reduction relative to the base feed rate during excess interruption of filler wire feed, m / min; T - period, ms.

[0056] IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] The claimed device for additive surfacing of metal products comprises a mechanism (1) for feeding filler wire into the surfacing area of ​​a metal product (6) through a guide channel (3), at least one source (10) for forming a concentrated flow (11) of energy directed into the surfacing area of ​​a metal product for melting the filler wire (2), a voltage source (7), in the circuit of which the filler wire (2) and the metal product (6) are included, and a control unit configured with the possibility of forming a binary feedback signal based on processing an electrical signal when registering the presence or absence of electrical contact between the filler wire (2) and the base of the metal product (6) and transmitting the feedback signal to the mechanism (1) for feeding the filler wire using a driver (12) of the motor for adaptive feeding of the filler wire,characterized by an alternating stage of feeding (F) the filler wire (2) to the metal product (6) upon registration of a high level of the feedback signal and a stage of interruption (S) of the filler wire upon registration of a low level of the feedback signal,

[0058] The voltage source (7) connected to the filler wire (2) has variable polarity and when processing the electrical signal, filtering is used at the frequency of the source, including the use of synchronous detection for this purpose.

[0059] The source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow is a plasma torch or plasma torches, or electron beam guns, or laser heads equipped with power sources.

[0060] The source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow contains an oscillation unit that forms a sweep of at least one beam along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product (6).

[0061] The electron beams of the electron beam guns or the laser beams of the laser heads are oriented relative to the filler wire (2) at an angle not exceeding 65° and are positioned in such a way that the convergence point of the beams is on the feed axis of the filler wire (2) and is deepened into the metal in the area of ​​the surfacing zone by a value not less than the height of the deposited layer.

[0062] The control unit (9) registers the presence or absence of contact of the filler wire based on an electrical signal selected from the group: voltage on the filler wire; resistance in the load resistor (8) included in the voltage source circuit; direct current in the diode included in the voltage source circuit.

[0063] The control unit (9) is configured to measure the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire.

[0064] The control unit (9) is configured to compare the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire with their critical values.

[0065] The control unit (9) is configured to compare the value of the feedback signal with a specified threshold value of the feedback signal.

[0066] The source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow forms a plasma arc, a plasma jet, an electron beam, a laser beam.

[0067] The source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow is designed with the possibility of forming a controlled distribution of concentrated energy flows (11), forming a sweep of at least one beam along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product.

[0068] The filler wire feed mechanism (1) is designed to feed the filler wire (2) vertically.

[0069] The filler wire feed mechanism (1) is designed with the possibility of feeding the filler wire (2) at an angle of no more than 60° to the normal.

[0070] The source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow is designed with the possibility of directing concentrated energy flows (11) at an angle of no more than 65° relative to the filler wire.

[0071] The control unit (9) is configured to reduce the power of the source (10) of concentrated flows by 25-100% when registering a high level of the feedback signal, compared to the power of the said source (10) when registering a low level of the feedback signal.

[0072] The claimed method of additive surfacing of metal products with adaptive feed of filler wire using the claimed device is carried out as follows.

[0073] At the first stage of the adaptive filler wire feed, the stage of feeding F of the filler wire (2) is performed, wherein due to the fact that the metal product (6) and the filler wire (2) are included in the voltage source circuit, the control unit (9) registers a binary feedback signal S based on the processing of an electrical signal - voltage on the filler wire (2), in the presence or absence of an electrical contact of the filler wire with the base of the metal product. At the stage of feeding F of the filler wire (2), the control unit (9) registers a high level of the feedback signal S and sends a command to the driver (12) of the motor, which causes the rotation of the filler wire feed mechanism (1) and the filler wire (2) is fed vertically downwards at a feed rate V equal to the base feed rate VF Into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product (6) through the guide channel (3) with the tip (4).When the filler wire (2) touches the metal product (6), the control unit (9) registers a low level of the feedback signal S, and the stage of the interruption stage B of the filler wire feed is carried out, in which the control unit (9) sends a command to the motor driver (12), which stops the rotation of the filler wire feed mechanism (1).The surfacing process is carried out by melting the filler wire (2) in the surfacing area of ​​the metal product with alternating stages of feeding (F) the filler wire and stages of interruption of the filler wire with two concentrated flows (11) of energy - electron beams, which are located at an angle of 45° relative to the wire, wherein each concentrated flow (11) of energy is formed with the help of a source (10) for forming a concentrated energy flow in the form of an electron beam gun equipped with a power source, as a result of melting the filler wire (2) a drop-like transfer of the wire material to the surface of the metal product occurs.

[0074] To compensate for the backlash of the filler wire feed system and, as a consequence, to increase the frequency of transfer of the wire material into the product at the beginning of the above-mentioned stage of feeding F of the filler wire (2), a forced feed Pf is carried out Орсfiller wire (2) with a feed rate V increased by no more than 300% of the base feed rate VF, for a time during which the filler wire (2) is lowered by no more than 5 mm.

[0075] In order to increase the time of contact of the filler wire (2) with the deposited area and, as a consequence, to increase the stability of the transfer of molten metal from the filler wire to the product, since if the time of contact of the filler wire with the product is too short, the molten part of the filler wire may not completely flow into the deposited area, after the above-mentioned stage of interruption B of the filler wire (2), an excess feed F is carried out U3 e filler wire (2) with a feed rate reduced by no more than 75% of the base feed rate VF for a time during which the filler wire (2) is lowered by no more than 5 mm. Also, the excess feed F U36 filler wire (2) is inserted to deepen the filler wire into the molten portion of the deposited area, thereby increasing heat input into the filler wire and decreasing heat input into the deposited area through heat redistribution via thermal conductivity from the hotter molten region of the deposited area to the cooler portion of the filler wire while the unmelted portion of the filler wire remains within the melted volume of the deposited area. This increases the melting rate of the filler wire to improve deposition productivity or increases the cooling rate of the deposited area to improve the properties of the deposited material.

[0076] In order to increase the relative time of exposure of the heat source to the area being welded and, as a consequence, to increase the penetration in those cases where, due to insufficient heat input into the product, a tendency to the formation of fusion defects may arise, after the above-mentioned stage of interruption B of the filler wire (2), an excessive interruption of the feed of the filler wire is carried out at a feed rate reduced by an amount of at least 25% of the base feed rate, or the feed of the filler wire is stopped, or the feed of the filler wire is carried out in reverse welding at a rate of no more than 300% of the base feed rate, during a time during which the filler wire rises by no more than 15 mm.

[0077] The claimed invention allows to implement:

[0078] Controlled droplet transfer of filler wire material during surfacing using external energy sources ensures the stability of the process of self-regulation of the volume of filler wire material supplied to the surfacing zone, in contrast to methods of continuous regulation and continuous supply, ensures guaranteed "pushing" - supply of material into the narrow spaces between the deposited beads of previous layers, ensures "sub-melting" of the base of the metal product during the period of wire separation from the product for subsequent reliable fusion of the bead with the base of the metal product.

[0079] Self-regulation of the volume of wire fed into the weld pool, depending on the power of the concentrated energy sources used, the travel speed, and the heat dissipation conditions, frees the process engineer from the need to select the process speed parameter during the process development phase. Only the power sufficient to melt the metal at a given travel speed along the trajectory is set, and the wire feed speed is adjusted automatically during the process. Also, when implementing the 3D deposition process, different sections of the deposited object along the trajectory and at different heights experience different heat dissipation conditions. This leads to a change in the heat balance and the need to adjust the operating modes.Self-regulation relieves the operator or control system from having to additionally monitor this factor and adjust the feed of filler material, limiting control to only changing the linear energy (power or travel speed).

[0080] Self-regulation of the deposited layer height formation process: It is impossible to precisely set the bead height during deposition using conventional methods. Even a five percent error over twenty layers will result in bead height deviations. At a product height of 0.5 m, the error will reach 25 mm, which is unacceptable. Furthermore, under normal conditions, the deposited bead height changes layer by layer due to variable heat dissipation. All this, under normal conditions, requires the use of additional means for measuring the deposited workpiece height on a given layer, comparing it with the set value, and then adjusting the process. This requires either periodic interruption of the process with operator intervention or the use of additional distance-scanning sensors and controls.The proposed method, through a combination of feedback control of droplet transfer and the relative orientation of welding head elements, such as wire feeders with concentrated energy sources (laser heads, electron beam guns, plasma torches, etc.), achieves self-regulation of the layer height relative to the welding head elements. This eliminates the need for additional control systems or operator monitoring.

[0081] Bead width control is independent of the feed rate and power of concentrated energy sources, allowing the operator to vary the deposited bead width by changing just one parameter (oscillation width). Under normal conditions, the width depends on power, travel speed, filler material feed rate, heat dissipation conditions, and other factors. Furthermore, under normal conditions, changing the width will change the bead height and, as a result, lead to additional errors in maintaining the deposited part's geometry.

[0082] Reducing the likelihood of wire sticking in the weld area by limiting excess wire feed with interruptions in the feed - and, as a result, eliminating associated defects, parts of fused wire, the need to stop the process to cut off stuck wire, etc.

[0083] Creating favorable conditions for refining the structure and improving mechanical properties through controlled intermittent heating and crystallization of the material—controlled droplet transfer—disturbs the quasi-stationary position of the crystallization front of the molten metal pool. The shape of the crystallization fronts is now a superposition of hemispheres. Furthermore, due to the specific heat input, including surface melting during wire separation and the absence of a shadowed area, the required power and, consequently, the overall heat input into the product are reduced. Furthermore, the unmelted wire entering the metal pool serves as an additional source of heat dissipation, acting as a crystallizer. Furthermore, the periodic "push" of the wire into the molten metal pool causes vibrations in the liquid melt.All of these factors, individually and collectively, have a positive effect on metal crystallization processes, disrupting the unidirectionality of crystallite growth, leading to a refined structure and improved properties of the deposited metal. Additionally, the reduced heat input reduces residual stresses in the deposited metal.

[0084] Reducing the complexity of developing process modes, which reduces the time required for technological preparation of the process.

[0085] There are additional positive effects:

[0086] Monitoring the emergency mode when the height of the welded section is lower than the target value by an amount exceeding the critical value reduces the degree of operator involvement in monitoring the ongoing process.

[0087] Monitoring the emergency mode when the height of the welded section exceeds the target value by an amount exceeding the critical value reduces the degree of operator involvement in monitoring the ongoing process.

[0088] Monitoring of emergency conditions such as insufficient wire feed speed, wire breakage, or wire jamming in the feeder reduces the operator's involvement in monitoring the process.

[0089] Monitoring emergency conditions during excess wire feed, including when the wire sticks in the deposited area, reduces the operator's involvement in monitoring the process.

[0090] The invention has been disclosed above with reference to a specific embodiment. Other embodiments of the invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art without altering its essence as disclosed herein. Accordingly, the invention should be considered limited in scope only by the following claims.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A method for additive surfacing of metal products with adaptive feed of filler wire, including feeding filler wire into the surfacing area of ​​a metal product, in which the filler wire is melted by at least one concentrated energy flow, wherein the adaptive feed of filler wire, ensuring controlled droplet transfer of the surfacing material into the surfacing area, is carried out with cyclic changes in speed or interruption of feed of filler wire according to a binary feedback signal based on processing of an electrical signal in the presence or absence of electrical contact of the filler wire with the base of the metal product, wherein the metal product and the filler wire are included in the circuit of a voltage source,and the adaptive feed of filler wire is characterized by an alternating stage of feeding filler wire to a metal product upon registration of a high level of feedback signal and a stage of interruption of the feed of filler wire upon registration of a low level of signal.

2. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the concentrated energy flow is a plasma arc, a plasma jet, a laser beam, or an electron beam.

3. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the melting is carried out with a controlled distribution of concentrated energy flows.

4. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the filler wire is fed vertically.

5. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the filler wire is fed at an angle of no more than 60° to the normal.

6. The method according to any one of paragraphs 4 and 5, characterized in that the concentrated energy flows are located at an angle of no more than 65° relative to the filler wire.

7. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the voltage source connected to the filler wire has variable polarity and when processing the electrical signal, filtering is used at the frequency of the source, including using synchronous detection for this purpose.

8. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the presence or absence of contact of the filler wire is determined on the basis of an electrical signal selected from the group: voltage on the filler wire; resistance in a load resistor included in the voltage source circuit; direct current in a diode included in the voltage source circuit.

9. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the adaptive feed of the filler wire is carried out on the basis of repeating the following successive steps: a) when a high feedback signal level is detected, the filler wire is fed at a feed rate equal to the base feed rate; b) when a low feedback signal level is detected, the filler wire is fed at a feed rate reduced by at least 25% of the base feed rate, or the filler wire feed is stopped, or the filler wire is fed in reverse welding at a rate of no more than 300% of the base feed rate.

10. The method according to paragraph 9, characterized in that before step a), a forced feed of filler wire is carried out at a feed rate increased by no more than 300% of the basic feed rate, for a period of time during which the filler wire is lowered by no more than 5 mm.

11. The method according to paragraph 9, characterized in that after step a) an excess feed of filler wire is carried out at a feed rate reduced by no more than 75% of the base feed rate for a time during which the filler wire is lowered by no more than 5 mm.

12. The method according to paragraph 9, characterized in that after step b) an excessive interruption of the feed of the filler wire is carried out at a feed rate reduced by an amount of at least 25% of the base feed rate, or the feed of the filler wire is stopped, or the feed of the filler wire in reverse welding is carried out at a rate of no more than 300% of the base feed rate, for a time during which the filler wire rises by no more than 15 mm.

13. The method according to paragraph 7, characterized in that during adaptive feeding of filler wire, the occurrence of an emergency mode is monitored based on a comparison of the value of the feedback signal with a specified threshold value of the feedback signal.

14. The method according to paragraph 1, characterized in that during adaptive feeding of the filler wire, the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire are measured.

15. The method according to paragraph 14, characterized in that during adaptive feeding of filler wire, the occurrence of an emergency mode is monitored based on a comparison of the duration of the stages of feeding filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of filler wire with their critical values.

16. The method according to paragraph 3, characterized in that during surfacing, continuous oscillation of at least one beam is carried out along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product.

17. The method according to any one of paragraphs 4 and 5, characterized in that the electron or laser beams are oriented relative to the wire at an angle not exceeding 65°, and positioned in such a way that their point of convergence is on the axis of the filler wire feed and is recessed into the metal in the area of ​​the surfacing zone by a value no less than the height of the deposited layer.

18. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when recording a high level of the feedback signal, the power of the source of concentrated energy flows is reduced by 25-100% compared to the power of the said source when recording a low level of the feedback signal.

19. A device for additive surfacing of metal products, comprising a mechanism for feeding filler wire into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product through a guide channel, at least one source for generating a concentrated energy flow directed into the surfacing area of ​​the metal product for melting the filler wire, a voltage source in the circuit of which the filler wire and the metal product are included, and a control unit configured to generate a binary feedback signal based on processing an electrical signal when registering the presence or absence of electrical contact between the filler wire and the base of the metal product and transmitting the feedback signal to the filler wire feed mechanism for adaptive feeding of the filler wire,characterized by an alternating stage of feeding the filler wire to the metal product upon registration of a high level of the feedback signal and a stage of interrupting the filler wire upon registration of a low level of the feedback signal corresponding to the presence of contact of the filler wire with the metal product, 20. The device according to paragraph 19, characterized in that the voltage source connected to the filler wire has variable polarity and when processing the electrical signal, filtering is used at the frequency of the source, including using synchronous detection for this purpose.

21. The device according to paragraph 19, characterized in that the source for forming the concentrated energy flow is a plasma torch or plasma torches or laser heads or electron beam guns equipped with power sources.

22. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the source for generating a concentrated energy flow contains an oscillation unit that generates a sweep of at least one beam along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product.

23. The device according to paragraph 19, characterized in that the electron beams of the electron beam guns or the laser beams of the laser heads are oriented relative to the filler wire at an angle not exceeding 65° and are located in such a way that the point of convergence of the beams is on the feed axis of the filler wire and is recessed into the metal in the area of ​​the surfacing zone to a value no less than the height of the surfacing layer.

24. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the control unit registers the presence or absence of contact of the filler wire based on an electrical signal selected from the group: voltage on the filler wire; resistance in a load resistor included in the voltage source circuit; direct current in a diode included in the voltage source circuit.

25. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the control unit is designed with the ability to measure the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire.

26. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the control unit is designed with the ability to compare the duration of the stages of feeding the filler wire, interruption and slow feeding of the filler wire with their critical values.

27. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the control unit is configured to compare the value of the feedback signal with a specified threshold value of the feedback signal.

28. The device according to paragraph 19, characterized in that the source for forming a concentrated energy flow forms a plasma arc, a plasma jet, a laser beam, or an electron beam.

29. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the source for forming a concentrated energy flow is designed with the possibility of forming a controlled distribution of concentrated energy flows, forming a sweep of at least one beam along a trajectory that ensures an increase in the area of ​​interaction of the beam with the base of the metal product.

30. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the filler wire feed mechanism is designed with the possibility of feeding the filler wire vertically.

31. The device according to paragraph 19, characterized in that the filler wire feed mechanism is designed with the possibility of feeding the filler wire at an angle of no more than 60° to the normal.

32. A device according to any one of paragraphs 30 and 31, characterized in that the source for forming a concentrated energy flow is designed with the possibility of directing concentrated energy flows at an angle of no more than 65° relative to the filler wire.

33. The device according to claim 19, characterized in that the control unit is designed with the ability to reduce the power of the source of concentrated flows by 25-100% when registering a high level of feedback signal, compared to the power of said source when registering a low level of feedback signal.

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