Process method for thermal sorting and upgrading of municipal solid waste and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom

Abstract

A process method for thermal sorting and upgrading of municipal solid waste and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom, relating to the technical field of solid waste treatment. The process method comprises the following steps: coarsely crushing municipal solid waste to obtain crushed material having a particle size of ≤100 mm; maturing and dewatering the crushed material, and drying same after leachate has been discharged, to obtain dried material; performing primary drying on the dried material to obtain first dried material; separating the first dried material by hot air sorting, to respectively obtain a heavy substance and a light substance; separating the heavy substance by X-ray sorting, to respectively obtain an organic substance and an inert substance; performing secondary drying on the light substance and the organic substance together to obtain second dried material; sequentially performing baking, cooling, primary crushing, and primary screening on the second dried material to respectively obtain an oversize product and an undersize product; and performing secondary crushing and secondary screening on the undersize product to obtain upgraded biomass powder. In the process method, upgraded biomass powder is prepared by baking municipal solid waste, thereby enhancing fuel properties and obtaining upgraded biomass powder having high calorific value.

Description

A process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411335397X entitled "A process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom" filed on September 24, 2024 with the China Patent Office, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, in particular to a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom. BACKGROUND

[0004] Household garbage not only occupies a large amount of land resources, but also causes serious environmental pollution problems such as groundwater pollution, soil pollution and air pollution if not properly treated. The traditional household garbage treatment methods mainly include landfill and incineration, both of which cannot realize the resource utilization of garbage, resulting in great waste of resources.

[0005] In view of the fact that most household garbage is collected and disposed in a mixed mode, a hot sorting technology is introduced. However, most hot sorting technologies have the disadvantages of low sorting accuracy, high energy consumption and complex operation.

[0006] Therefore, the present disclosure is proposed. SUMMARY

[0007] The present disclosure aims to provide a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage and upgraded biomass powder obtained therefrom to solve the above technical problems.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present disclosure, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present disclosure provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which comprises the following steps:

[0010] The crushed material is subjected to maturation and dehydration, and after the percolate flows out, the material is subjected to drying to obtain dried material;

[0011] The dried material is subjected to primary drying to obtain first dried material;

[0012] The first dried material is subjected to hot air separation to obtain heavy material and light material, respectively;

[0013] The heavy material is subjected to magnetic separation, vortex separation, color separation and X-ray separation to obtain magnetic metal (iron), non-magnetic metal (copper, aluminum, etc.), glass, organic matter and inert matter, respectively;

[0014] The light substance and the organic matter are subjected to secondary drying together to obtain a second dried material;

[0015] The second dried material is subjected to baking, cooling, primary crushing and primary screening in sequence to obtain a sieve upper material and a sieve lower material, respectively;

[0016] The sieve lower material is subjected to secondary crushing and secondary screening to obtain a quality improved biomass powder;

[0017] The inert matter residue obtained through X-ray separation is made into sand materials by a sand making machine.

[0018] In the present disclosure, through the process steps of the above-mentioned thermal sorting and quality improvement of household garbage, the household garbage is subjected to resourceization and converted into high-calorific-value and high-quality quality improved biomass powder, which is convenient for storage and transportation, enriches the end processing process route, and realizes the reduction, harmlessness and resourceization of household garbage. And the method can low-cost and large-scale prepare the quality improved biomass powder which is converted from household garbage and has uniform composition, high purity and high energy density, and does not produce dioxin in the conversion process, solving the dioxin treatment problem of traditional household garbage incineration treatment. At the same time, the amount of flue gas produced in the method is small, the amount of dust carried by the flue gas is low, and the pollution to the environment is small.

[0019] Optionally, the specific steps of coarse crushing include:

[0020] The household garbage is put into a coarse crusher through a grab bucket or a conveyor for coarse crushing, and a sieve is used to separate the crushed material with a particle size of ≤100 mm and the crushed material with a particle size of >100 mm, and the crushed material with a particle size of >100 mm is returned to the coarse crusher for coarse crushing and sieving again until the particle size of the obtained material is ≤100 mm.

[0021] Optionally, the coarse crusher is a low-speed coarse crusher, and the crushing chamber of the low-speed coarse crusher is provided with two hydraulic or motor driven rotors; the shafts of the two hydraulic or motor driven rotors are fixed with cutter heads; the fixed ends of the two hydraulic driven rotors are configured with double-row self-aligning roller bearings, and the follow-up ends of the two hydraulic driven rotors are configured with two thrust self-aligning roller bearings.

[0022] In the present disclosure, in addition to enabling the rotor to withstand tangential and radial stress, the configuration of the above-mentioned low-speed coarse crusher can also eliminate axial stress when the rotor encounters flexible and high-hardness difficult-to-crush or non-crushable materials, and protect the cutter blades / cutter shafts and support / transmission bearings from damage. The crushing of household garbage is realized through the combined effects of tearing, shearing and extrusion, thereby significantly improving the crushing efficiency and reducing the number of repeated cycles of coarse crushing.

[0023] Optionally, the two hydraulic driving rotors include a first hydraulic driving rotor and a second hydraulic driving rotor; wherein the first hydraulic driving rotor and the second hydraulic driving rotor are opposite in rotation direction, and the rotation speed of the first hydraulic driving rotor is 8-50 r / min, for example, which can be 8 r / min, 10 r / min, 15 r / min, 20 r / min, 25 r / min, 30 r / min, 35 r / min, 40 r / min, 45 r / min or 50 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second hydraulic driving rotor is 10-50 r / min, for example, which can be 10 r / min, 15 r / min, 20 r / min, 25 r / min, 30 r / min, 35 r / min, 40 r / min, 45 r / min or 50 r / min; the rotation speeds of the first hydraulic driving rotor and the second hydraulic driving rotor are different, so as to form tearing to the material.

[0024] Optionally, the cutter heads fixed on the shafts of the two hydraulic driving rotors include: two pairs of opposite moving cutters, and a static cutter equidistantly spaced between each group of adjacent moving cutters.

[0025] Optionally, the coarse crusher is provided with a screen at the bottom, and the screen hole diameter of the screen is 100 mm.

[0026] Optionally, the temperature of the maturation is 40-50℃, for example, which can be 40℃, 42℃, 44℃, 46℃, 48℃ or 50℃, and the time of the maturation is 4-9 days, for example, which can be 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days or 9 days.

[0027] Optionally, the specific steps of the maturation include:

[0028] The crushed material is transferred to a garbage storage pool, the first ventilation is performed in the first 3 days, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 15-18%, and the ventilation rate is 0.2-0.3 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 The temperature of the air flow is 25-28℃; after the first ventilation is completed, the material is turned over, the second ventilation is performed in the third 9 days, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 18-20%, and the ventilation rate is 0.3-0.4 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 The temperature of the air flow is 22-25℃.

[0029] In the present disclosure, the maturation dehydration is performed under the above specific conditions of oxygen content and ventilation rate, so as to ensure that the percolate flows out from the crushed garbage material at a lower maturation temperature, and the percolate can flow out more sufficiently, thereby significantly improving the maturation efficiency and reducing the difficulty of subsequent drying.

[0030] Optionally, the drying includes heating drying and / or light drying.

[0031] Optionally, the heating drying is performed by a heating pipe arranged at the bottom of the garbage storage pool, and the heating pipe is filled with water vapor and / or hot water.

[0032] Optionally, the flow of water vapor and / or hot water in the heating pipe maintains the temperature in the storage pool at 40-80℃, for example, 40℃, 45℃, 50℃, 55℃, 60℃, 65℃, 70℃, 75℃ or 80℃.

[0033] In the present disclosure, when the water vapor or hot water pipe utilizing the back-end waste heat for heat exchange is used to control the temperature, the flow of water vapor or hot water is regulated to control the temperature.

[0034] Optionally, the light drying includes: spraying the hydrogel solution in the garbage storage pool to form a hydrogel film on the surface of the crushed material, and performing light irradiation to evaporate the solution in the garbage leachate under sunlight to complete the drying of the garbage.

[0035] In the present disclosure, when the light drying is used, the hydrogel film is formed on the surface of the crushed material, which can absorb and retain the water between the garbage, and can quickly form a hydrogel-vapor interface under the driving of light irradiation, so that the light evaporation significantly improves the evaporation efficiency, and at the same time realizes the purpose of low energy consumption and high speed drying of the garbage leachate.

[0036] Optionally, the thickness of the hydrogel film is 0.1-1mm, for example, 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.3mm, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm, 0.7mm, 0.8mm, 0.9mm or 1mm.

[0037] Optionally, the hydrogel film comprises a hydrophilic hydrogel matrix and a photo-thermal material doped in the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix; wherein the doping amount of the photo-thermal material accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of the hydrogel film, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%.

[0038] In the present disclosure, the hydrogel film takes the hydrophilic hydrogel as the matrix, and a certain amount of photo-thermal material is doped therein, the water absorption of the hydrogel is improved by using the hydrophilicity of the hydrophilic hydrogel, and the energy for converting liquid water into gaseous water molecules is provided by using the load of the photo-thermal material, so as to further improve the evaporation rate of water, so that the drying of the garbage is controllable and sufficient.

[0039] Optionally, the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix comprises any one or a combination of at least two of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid sodium, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or chitosan.

[0040] Optionally, the photo-thermal material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite powder or carbon black.

[0041] Optionally, the specific step of the first-stage drying comprises:

[0042] transferring the dried material to a first-stage drying machine for drying to obtain a first dried material; wherein the moisture content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is reduced to below 30%, for example, it can be 30%, 28%, 26%, 24%, 22%, 20%, 18%, 16%, 14%, 12% or 10%, and the moisture content of the hydrophobic material in the first dried material is reduced to below 5%, for example, it can be 5%, 4%, 3%, 2% or 1%.

[0043] Optionally, the hydrophilic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of paper products, textile products or kitchen waste (for example, melon skin, fruit shell, leftover rice, leftover dishes, etc.); and the hydrophobic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, foam, metal, glass, porcelain chips or stone.

[0044] In the present disclosure, the first-stage drying machine is an indirect heating heat conduction drying machine, including a paddle dryer, a horizontal disc dryer, a steam tube rotary dryer, etc.; the parameters of the first-stage drying machine include: the heating medium is steam at 150-200℃, for example, it can be 150℃, 160℃, 170℃, 180℃, 190℃ or 200℃; and the discharge temperature of the first-stage drying machine is 80-100℃, for example, it can be 80℃, 85℃, 90℃, 95℃ or 100℃.

[0045] Optionally, the light substance comprises any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, paper products, textile products or foam products; and / or, the heavy substance comprises any one or a combination of at least two of melon skin, fruit shell, leftover rice, dishes and other kitchen waste (for example, melon skin, fruit shell, leftover rice, leftover dishes, etc.), bone, metal, glass, porcelain chips, wood or stone.

[0046] In the present disclosure, due to the density difference between the light substance and the heavy substance, the light substance and the heavy substance can be separated by adjusting the wind speed, and the winnowing process is completed in the moving air flow field; the loose material is separated by volume and mass under the combined action of its own gravity, inertia and air flow drag; and different types of final products are obtained under the action of air flow.

[0047] Optionally, the winnowing separation adopts a horizontal winnower.

[0048] Optionally, the air temperature of the horizontal winnower is 100-150℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 110℃, 120℃, 130℃, 140℃ or 150℃.

[0049] Optionally, the air separation direction is 10-20°, for example, it can be 10°, 11°, 12°, 13°, 14°, 15°, 16°, 17°, 18°, 19° or 20°, and the air separation speed is 8-20 m / s, for example, it can be 8 m / s, 10 m / s, 12 m / s, 14 m / s, 16 m / s, 18 m / s or 20 m / s.

[0050] Optionally, the X-ray separator comprises two electronic X-ray sources with strong and weak intensities and two independent sensors with corresponding sensitivities; the organic matter comprises any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, vegetable leaves, melon peel, bone, paper or bamboo wood; and / or the inert matter comprises any one or a combination of at least two of porcelain chips, sand or stone blocks.

[0051] In the present disclosure, the heavy matter is subjected to X-ray separation, and the organic matter and the inert matter are obtained by separating according to different images of different densities of the matter; in addition, the light matter is subjected to secondary drying at the same time as the organic matter subjected to X-ray separation, because the matter still contains a small amount of water after primary drying, the water content in the matter is further reduced by secondary drying, which facilitates baking of the matter.

[0052] Optionally, the water content in the second dried matter is 5-8%, for example, it can be 5%, 6%, 7% or 8%.

[0053] Optionally, the temperature of the second dried matter is 100-120℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 105℃, 110℃, 115℃ or 120℃.

[0054] Optionally, the secondary drying adopts an air flow direct contact type dryer, including any one of a multi-layer belt dryer, a rotary drum dryer or a fluidized bed dryer.

[0055] Optionally, the heat source for the secondary drying is hot air and / or hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot air and / or hot flue gas is 180-350℃, for example, it can be 180℃, 190℃, 200℃, 210℃, 220℃, 230℃, 240℃, 250℃, 260℃, 270℃, 280℃, 290℃, 300℃, 310℃, 320℃, 330℃, 340℃ or 350℃.

[0056] Optionally, the baking temperature is 210-250℃, for example, it can be 210℃, 220℃, 230℃, 240℃ or 250℃, and the baking time is 20-40 min, for example, it can be 20 min, 25 min, 30 min, 35 min or 40 min.

[0057] Optionally, the baking adopts a rotary baking machine.

[0058] Optionally, the baking heat carrier is a circulating baking gas, and the temperature of the circulating baking gas is 250-300°C, for example, it can be 250°C, 260°C, 270°C, 280°C, 290°C or 300°C.

[0059] Optionally, the primary crushing adopts a hammer crusher.

[0060] In the present disclosure, the primary crushing adopts a hammer crusher, which applies impact force to the material when the hammer head rotates at high speed, so that the material is broken; it is mainly composed of a shell, a rotor, a hammer head, a screen plate and the like, and such a crusher has simple structure and convenient operation, and can efficiently complete the crushing process.

[0061] Optionally, the particle size of the oversize material is >5mm, for example, it can be 5.1mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm or 10mm, and the particle size of the undersize material is ≤5mm, for example, it can be 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, 1mm or 0.5mm.

[0062] Optionally, the main process of the primary crushing and the primary screening includes:

[0063] (a) Feeding: the material enters the inside of the crusher through the feeding port, and the size of the feeding port is adapted to the specifications and yield of the crusher;

[0064] (b) High-speed rotation: the rotor inside the crusher rotates at high speed, and the rotor has multiple hammer heads, which have a large linear speed due to high-speed rotation;

[0065] (c) Impact crushing: after the material enters the crusher, it is impacted by the hammer heads rotating at high speed, so that it is broken, and the impact force is the main force for breaking, which can effectively break the material;

[0066] (d) Grinding effect: in addition to impact crushing, the material inside the crusher will also be subjected to a grinding effect, because the material will rub and collide with the inner wall of the shell, the screen plate and the hammer heads on the rotor during the crushing process;

[0067] (e) Particle size screening: the broken material passes through the screen plate, which has a certain size of screen hole, and the material larger than the screen hole will be left on the screen plate for further crushing, and the material smaller than the screen hole will pass through the screen plate and become finished products;

[0068] (f) Discharge: the finished product material is discharged from the discharge port, and the size of the discharge port can be adjusted to control the size of the finished product material. Unqualified large particle materials can be re-entered into the crusher for further crushing.

[0069] Optionally, in step (b), the rotor inside the crusher rotates at a speed of 750-1500 rpm, for example, it can be 750 rpm, 800 rpm, 850 rpm, 900 rpm, 1000 rpm, 1100 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1300 rpm, 1400 rpm or 1500 rpm, and the linear speed of the hammer head is 25-70 m / s, for example, it can be 25 m / s, 30 m / s, 35 m / s, 40 m / s, 45 m / s, 50 m / s, 55 m / s, 60 m / s, 65 m / s or 70 m / s.

[0070] Optionally, in step (c), the impact force of the hammer head is 300-500 N, for example, it can be 300 N, 350 N, 400 N, 450 N or 500 N.

[0071] Optionally, in step (e), the particle size of the oversize material left on the screen plate is > 5 mm, for example, it can be 5.1 mm, 5.5 mm, 6 mm, 7 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm or 10 mm; the particle size of the undersize material discharged through the screen plate is ≤ 5 mm, for example, it can be 5 mm, 4 mm, 3 mm, 2 mm, 1 mm or 0.5 mm.

[0072] Optionally, the process further comprises the following steps: after the metal in the oversize material is separated by eddy current separation and magnetic separation, coking material is obtained; the coking material is returned to the roasting step for roasting again and / or returned to the primary crushing step for crushing again.

[0073] In the eddy current separation, the material is sorted and classified by an eddy current separator. When the eddy current separator is working, a high-frequency alternating strong magnetic field occurs on the outer surface of the sorting roller. When the metal enters the strong magnetic field sorting area, an eddy current is induced inside the metal block. The magnetic field generated by the eddy current is opposite to the original magnetic field, and has a mutual repelling effect. This repelling effect can throw the metal block forward to achieve separation. In the magnetic separation, different materials are characterized by the presence or absence of magnetism. Through the magnetic separator, the magnetic useful material can be separated from the non-magnetic material to achieve the purpose of separation.

[0074] Optionally, the secondary crushing uses a five-roller differential grinding machine.

[0075] In the present disclosure, the secondary crushing adopts a five-roller differential grinding machine, which can further grind the material to obtain a powder with a required particle size. The differential grinding machine comprises a rack, a differential roller set, a cooling and shaping roller set, and a temperature control assembly. The differential roller set comprises low-speed rollers, medium-speed rollers, and high-speed rollers, and a gear set for driving the differential rollers to rotate. The cooling and shaping roller set comprises low-speed cooling rollers, high-speed cooling rollers, and gears for driving the rollers to rotate. The temperature control assembly comprises a high-pressure and high-temperature water temperature machine, a heating pipeline, a refrigerator, and a cooling pipeline. Thus, the temperature control assembly can control the surface temperature of the cooling rollers and the differential rollers. By using the five-roller machine, the material can be fully ground, and the influence of temperature on the grinding effect can be reduced by cooperating with the temperature control assembly.

[0076] Optionally, the differential grinding machine comprises a differential roller set. The differential roller set comprises low-speed rollers, medium-speed rollers, and high-speed rollers. The rotation speed ratio of the low-speed rollers, the medium-speed rollers, and the high-speed rollers is 1:(3-5):(7-9). The rotation speed of the low-speed rollers is 15-30 rpm.

[0077] Optionally, the differential grinding machine comprises a cooling and shaping roller set. The cooling and shaping roller set comprises low-speed cooling rollers and high-speed cooling rollers. The rotation speed ratio of the low-speed cooling rollers and the high-speed cooling rollers is 1:(1.14-1.19). The rotation speed of the low-speed cooling rollers is 20-30 rpm. The temperature of the low-speed cooling rollers and the high-speed cooling rollers is independently 10-20℃.

[0078] In a second aspect, the present disclosure provides a quality-upgraded biomass powder, which is prepared by the process of quality-upgrading household garbage by hot sorting according to the first aspect.

[0079] Optionally, the particle size of the quality-upgraded biomass powder is 500-899 μm.

[0080] Optionally, the specific surface area of the quality-upgraded biomass powder is 158-242 m 2 / g.

[0081] Optionally, the total moisture content of the quality-upgraded biomass powder is ≤3%.

[0082] Optionally, the ash content of the quality-upgraded biomass powder is ≤15%.

[0083] Optionally, the energy density of the quality-upgraded biomass powder is 12.5-30 MJ / kg.

[0084] Optionally, the gasification time of the quality-upgraded biomass powder at a temperature of 1300℃ is <7 s.

[0085] The present disclosure has the following beneficial effects:

[0086] (1) The process method of the present disclosure is a kind of life garbage heat sorting upgrading process method integrating pretreatment, efficient separation and deep upgrading. Through multiple processes such as coarse crushing, curing dehydration, drying, primary drying, hot air separation, X-ray separation, secondary drying, baking, cooling, crushing and screening, high value-added upgraded biomass powder is finally obtained.

[0087] (2) The process method of the present disclosure realizes effective separation and upgrading of each component in the life garbage, especially for the organic component, through deep treatment to improve its utilization value as fuel or raw material, while reducing the negative impact of inert matter on the subsequent treatment process. Not only improves the sorting efficiency, but also effectively solves the problems existing in the traditional treatment method, has the characteristics of simple operation, low energy consumption, etc.

[0088] (3) The present disclosure converts the life garbage into high-calorific-value and high-quality upgraded biomass powder by low-temperature baking, which is convenient for storage and transportation, enriches the end treatment process route, realizes the reduction, harmless and resource utilization of life garbage; The process method can convert life garbage into high-quality upgraded biomass powder at low cost and large scale, and does not produce dioxin in the conversion process, solving the dioxin treatment problem of traditional life garbage incineration treatment method; And the process method of the present disclosure produces small amount of flue gas, and the amount of dust carried by the flue gas is low, which pollutes the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0089] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present disclosure or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the specific embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0090] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the process method of the present disclosure for life garbage heat sorting and upgrading. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The meaning and scope of the terms should be clear, but in any case of potential ambiguity, the definitions provided herein take precedence over any dictionary or extrinsic definition. In the present disclosure, unless otherwise stated, the use of "or" means "and / or". In addition, the use of the term "includes" and other forms is non-limiting.

[0092] It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely exemplary of the application and that various modifications can be made thereto without departing from the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the application is not limited to that precisely as shown and described.

[0093] The technical solutions of the present disclosure will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0094] The present disclosure will be further illustrated by the following examples. Unless otherwise specified, the materials in the examples are prepared according to the existing methods or directly purchased from the market.

[0095] Example 1

[0096] The present embodiment provides a process for hot sorting and upgrading of household waste, as shown in FIG. 1, which includes the following steps:

[0097] S1, coarse crushing:

[0098] The household waste is put into the coarse crusher through the grab bucket for coarse crushing, and the crushed materials with a particle size of ≤100 mm and the crushed materials with a particle size of >100 mm are obtained by screening. The crushed materials with a particle size of >100 mm are returned to the coarse crusher for coarse crushing and screening again. The crushing is repeated for 3 times, and the particle size of the coarse crushed materials is ≤100 mm.

[0099] The coarse crusher is a low-speed coarse crusher, and two hydraulic drive rotors are arranged in the crushing chamber of the low-speed coarse crusher. The shafts of the two hydraulic drive rotors are fixed with cutter heads. The fixed ends of the two hydraulic drive rotors are configured with double-row self-aligning roller bearings, and the follow-up ends of the two hydraulic drive rotors are configured with two thrust self-aligning roller bearings.

[0100] The two hydraulic drive rotors include a first hydraulic drive rotor and a second hydraulic drive rotor. The first hydraulic drive rotor and the second hydraulic drive rotor are opposite in direction, and the rotational speed of the first hydraulic drive rotor is 50 r / min and the rotational speed of the second hydraulic drive rotor is 10 r / min. The rotational speeds of the first hydraulic drive rotor and the second hydraulic drive rotor are different, so that the materials are torn. The cutter heads fixed on the shafts of the two hydraulic drive rotors include: 5 groups of dynamic knives opposite to each other, and static knives equidistantly spaced between adjacent dynamic knives in each group. The bottom of the coarse crusher is provided with a screen mesh, and the screen mesh has a screen hole diameter of 100 mm.

[0101] S2, maturation and dehydration-drying:

[0102] (a) transferring the crushed material to a waste storage pool, co-digesting at 45℃ for 6 days to dehydrate, and allowing leachate to flow out of the waste material; wherein, the first 1-2 days are for the first aeration, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 16%, and the aeration rate is 0.25 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 26℃; after the first aeration, the material is turned over, and the second 3-6 days are for the second aeration, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 19%, and the aeration rate is 0.35 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 23℃;

[0103] (b) spraying the hydrogel solution in the waste storage pool to form a hydrogel film with an average thickness of 0.5 mm on the surface of the crushed material (the hydrogel film comprises a polyvinyl alcohol matrix and graphene doped in the polyvinyl alcohol matrix; wherein the doping amount of graphene is 2%), and irradiating under sunlight at 25℃ for 60 min to evaporate the solution in the waste leachate and complete the drying of the waste, to obtain dried material with a water content of 38%.

[0104] S3, primary drying:

[0105] transferring the dried material to a primary dryer for primary drying to obtain first dried material; the water content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is reduced to 20%, and the water content of the hydrophobic material is reduced to 2%; the hydrophilic material includes paper products, textile products, melon peel, fruit shell, leftover food, and other kitchen waste; the hydrophobic material includes plastic, foam, metal, glass, ceramic chips, and stone;

[0106] wherein, the parameters of the primary drying include: using a paddle dryer, the heating medium is steam at 200℃, the discharge temperature of the primary dryer is 100℃, the heat transfer area of the paddle drying is 280 m 2 , the power of the paddle dryer is 45 kW, the rotation speed of the paddle is 12 r / min, and the effective volume of the paddle dryer is 12.8 m 3 .

[0107] S4, hot air separation:

[0108] separating the first dried material by using a horizontal air separator to obtain heavy material and light material; the light material includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, paper products, textile products, or foam products; and / or, the heavy material includes any one or a combination of at least two of melon peel, fruit shell, leftover food, bone, metal, glass, ceramic chips, wood, or stone;

[0109] The air inlet of the horizontal air separator is rectangular, the height of the air inlet is 500 mm, the height of the center position of the air inlet is 1550 mm, and the air temperature is 150℃; the air direction of the air separation is 15°, and the air speed is 10 m / s.

[0110] S5, X-ray separation:

[0111] The heavy substance is subjected to X-ray separation to obtain organic matter and inert matter, respectively. The X-ray separator includes strong and weak electron x-ray sources and two independent sensors with corresponding sensitivity; the organic matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, vegetable leaves, melon skin, fruit shells, bones, paper or bamboo wood; the inert matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of porcelain chips, sand or stone blocks.

[0112] S6, secondary drying:

[0113] The light substance obtained in S4 and the organic matter obtained in S5 are mixed and subjected to secondary drying by a multi-layer belt dryer to obtain a second dried material with a water content of 5%, and the temperature of the second dried material is 120℃;

[0114] The heat source for the secondary drying is hot air, the temperature of the hot air is 350℃, the intensity of the secondary drying is 10 kg water / m 2 ·h; the conveying belt for the secondary drying is a plate type conveying belt; wherein the plate type conveying belt is made of stainless steel sheet with a thickness of 1 mm, and a long strip-shaped punching hole with a size of 1.5 mm×6 mm is arranged on the plate type conveying belt, and the opening rate is 20%; the width of the conveying belt is 2.0 m, and the length is 30 m; the thickness of the material layer formed by the light substance and the organic matter is 50 mm, and the load of the material layer is 500 kg / m 2 ; the total resistance of the conveying belt and the material layer is 350 Pa; the through-flow speed of the drying medium in the multi-layer belt dryer is 1.0 m / s.

[0115] S7, baking:

[0116] The second dried material is transferred to a baking device, baked at 230℃ for 40 min to obtain a baked material; wherein the baking is performed by a rotary drum baking machine; the baking heat carrier is circulating baking gas, and the temperature of the circulating baking gas is 300℃.

[0117] S8, cooling

[0118] The baked material is cooled at a cooling rate of 5℃ / min to 25℃, and cooled at this temperature for 40 min to catalyze the material to obtain a cooled baked material.

[0119] S9, primary crushing and primary screening:

[0120] The cooled roasted material is subjected to primary crushing and primary screening in sequence, and the average processing rate of this process is ensured to be 80 t / h; wherein, the process of primary crushing and primary screening comprises:

[0121] (a) Feeding: the material enters the inside of the crusher through the feeding port, and the size of the feeding port is adapted to the specifications and output of the crusher;

[0122] (b) High-speed rotation: the rotor inside the crusher rotates at high speed, and the rotor is provided with a plurality of hammers, and the hammers have a large linear velocity due to high-speed rotation; wherein, the rotational speed of the rotor inside the crusher is 1000 rpm, and the linear velocity of the hammer is 70 m / s;

[0123] (c) Impact crushing: after the material enters the crusher, it is impacted by the high-speed rotating hammer, thereby being crushed, and the impact force is the main force of crushing, which can effectively crush the material; the impact force of the hammer is 450 N;

[0124] (d) Grinding effect: in addition to impact crushing, the material inside the crusher is also subjected to a grinding effect, because the material rubs and collides with the inner wall of the shell, the screen plate and the hammer on the rotor during the crushing process;

[0125] (e) Particle size screening: the crushed material passes through the screen plate, and the screen plate is provided with a certain size of screen hole, the material larger than the screen hole is left on the screen plate for further crushing, and the material smaller than the screen hole is discharged through the screen plate to become a finished product; wherein, the particle size of the oversize material left on the screen plate is > 5 mm (accounting for 25%); the particle size of the undersize material discharged through the screen plate is ≤ 5 mm (accounting for 75%).

[0126] (f) Discharge: the finished material is discharged from the discharge port, and the size of the discharge port can be adjusted to control the size of the finished material. Unqualified large particle materials may re-enter the crusher for further crushing.

[0127] S10, secondary crushing and secondary screening:

[0128] The undersize material is subjected to secondary crushing by a five-roller differential grinding machine, and then subjected to secondary screening to obtain upgraded biomass powder;

[0129] Wherein, the differential grinding machine comprises a differential roller set; wherein, the differential roller set comprises a low-speed roller, a medium-speed roller and a high-speed roller; the rotational speed ratio of the low-speed roller, the medium-speed roller and the high-speed roller is 1:3:9; the rotational speed of the low-speed roller is 30 rpm; the differential grinding machine comprises a cooling and forming roller set; the cooling and forming roller set comprises a low-speed cooling roller and a high-speed cooling roller; the rotational speed ratio of the low-speed cooling roller and the high-speed cooling roller is 1:1.19; the rotational speed of the low-speed cooling roller is 30 rpm; the temperature of the low-speed cooling roller is 12℃, and the temperature of the high-speed cooling roller is 18℃.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] The embodiment provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, as shown in Figure 1, and the process method comprises the following steps:

[0132] S1, coarse crushing:

[0133] The household garbage is fed into a coarse crusher through a conveyor, coarse crushing is performed, and screening is performed to obtain broken materials with a particle size of ≤100 mm and broken materials with a particle size of >100 mm. The broken materials with a particle size of >100 mm are returned to the coarse crusher for repeated coarse crushing and screening. The coarse crushing is repeated 5 times until the particle size of the obtained materials is ≤100 mm.

[0134] The low-speed coarse crusher is provided with two motor-driven rotors in the crushing chamber. The shafts of the two motor-driven rotors are fixed with cutter heads. The fixed ends of the two motor-driven rotors are provided with double-row self-aligning roller bearings, and the follow-up ends of the two motor-driven rotors are provided with two thrust self-aligning roller bearings.

[0135] The two motor-driven rotors comprise a first motor-driven rotor and a second motor-driven rotor. The rotation directions of the first motor-driven rotor and the second motor-driven rotor are opposite, the rotation speed of the first motor-driven rotor is 8 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second motor-driven rotor is 50 r / min. The rotation speeds of the first motor-driven rotor and the second motor-driven rotor are different, so that the materials are torn. The cutter heads fixed on the shafts of the two motor-driven rotors comprise: 5 groups of dynamic cutters opposite to each other, and static cutters equidistantly spaced between adjacent dynamic cutters in each group. The bottom of the coarse crusher is provided with a screen mesh, and the screen hole diameter of the screen mesh is 100 mm.

[0136] S2, maturation and dehydration-drying:

[0137] (a) The broken materials are transferred to a garbage storage pool, are dehydrated and matured at 40℃ for 9 days, so that leachate flows out of the garbage materials. In the first 3 days, first ventilation is performed, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 15%, the ventilation rate is 0.3 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 28℃. After the first ventilation is completed, the materials are turned over, second ventilation is performed in the 4th to 9th days, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 18%, the ventilation rate is 0.4 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 25℃.

[0138] (b) spraying the hydrogel solution in the garbage storage pool to form a hydrogel film with an average thickness of 0.5 mm on the surface of the crushed material (the hydrogel film comprises a chitosan matrix and carbon nanotubes doped in the chitosan matrix; wherein the doping amount of the carbon nanotubes is 2%), and irradiating under sunlight at 25°C for 50 min to evaporate the solution in the landfill leachate and complete the drying of the garbage, to obtain dried material with a water content of 39%.

[0139] S3, primary drying:

[0140] The dried material is transferred to a primary dryer for primary drying to obtain first dried material; the moisture content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is reduced to 25%, and the moisture content of the hydrophobic material is reduced to 3%; the hydrophilic material includes paper products, textile products, melon peel, fruit shell, leftover food and other kitchen garbage; the hydrophobic material includes plastic, foam, metal, glass, ceramic chips, stone, etc.

[0141] The primary dryer is an indirect heating heat conduction dryer, and a horizontal disc dryer is used here; the parameters of the primary dryer include: the heating medium is steam at 150°C, and the discharge temperature of the primary dryer is 80°C.

[0142] S4, hot air separation:

[0143] The first dried material is subjected to hot air separation using a horizontal air separator to obtain heavy material and light material; the light material includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, paper products, textile products or foam products; and / or, the heavy material includes any one or a combination of at least two of melon peel, fruit shell, leftover food and other kitchen garbage, bones, metal, glass, ceramic chips, wood or stone;

[0144] The shape of the air inlet of the horizontal air separator is rectangular, the height of the air inlet is 500 mm, and the height of the center position of the air inlet is 1550 mm; the air temperature is 100°C; the air separation direction is 15°, and the air speed is 15 m / s.

[0145] S5, X-ray separation:

[0146] The heavy material is subjected to X-ray separation to obtain organic matter and inert matter, the X-ray separator includes two strong and weak electron x-ray sources and two independent sensors with corresponding sensitivity; the organic matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastic, vegetable leaves, melon peel, fruit shell, paper or bamboo wood; the inert matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of ceramic chips, sand or stone.

[0147] S6, secondary drying:

[0148] The light material obtained in S4 and the organic matter obtained in S5 are mixed and subjected to secondary drying using a rotary drum dryer to obtain second dried material;

[0149] The temperature of the secondary dried material is 100°C; the drying medium is hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is 180°C.

[0150] S7, baking:

[0151] The second dried material is transferred to a baking device, baked at 210°C for 20 min, to obtain a baked material, and the baking carrier is circulating baking gas, and the temperature of the circulating baking gas is 250°C.

[0152] S8, cooling

[0153] The baked material is cooled at a cooling rate of 5°C / min to 25°C, and cooled at this temperature for 60 min to make the material brittle, to obtain a cooled baked material.

[0154] S9, primary crushing and primary screening:

[0155] The cooled baked material is sequentially subjected to primary crushing and primary screening, and the average processing rate of this process is 50 t / h; wherein the process of primary crushing and primary screening includes:

[0156] (a) feeding: the material enters the inside of the crusher through the feeding port, and the size of the feeding port is matched with the specifications and yield of the crusher;

[0157] (b) high-speed rotation: the rotor inside the crusher rotates at high speed, and the rotor has a plurality of hammers, and the hammers have a large linear velocity due to high-speed rotation; wherein the rotational speed of the rotor inside the crusher is 1000 rpm, and the linear velocity of the hammer is 50 m / s;

[0158] (c) impact crushing: after the material enters the crusher, it is impacted by the high-speed rotating hammer, and is thus crushed, and the impact force is the main force of crushing, which can effectively crush the material; the impact force of the hammer is 400 N;

[0159] (d) grinding effect: in addition to impact crushing, the material inside the crusher will also be subjected to a grinding effect, because the material will rub and collide with the inner wall of the shell, the screen plate and the hammer on the rotor during the crushing process;

[0160] (e) particle size screening: the crushed material passes through the screen plate, and the screen plate has a certain size of screen hole, and the material larger than the screen hole will be left on the screen plate for further crushing, and the material smaller than the screen hole will pass through the screen plate and become finished product; wherein the particle size of the on-screen material left on the screen plate is > 5 mm (accounting for 27%); the particle size of the under-screen material passing through the screen plate is ≤ 5 mm (accounting for 73%).

[0161] (f) Discharge: the finished material is discharged from the discharge port, the size of which can be adjusted to control the size of the finished material. Unqualified large particle materials can be re-entered into the crusher for re-crushing.

[0162] S10, secondary crushing and secondary screening:

[0163] The undersize is subjected to secondary crushing by a five-roller differential grinding machine and then subjected to secondary screening to obtain upgraded biomass powder;

[0164] The differential grinding machine comprises a differential roller set, wherein the differential roller set comprises a low-speed roller, a medium-speed roller and a high-speed roller, the rotation speed ratio of the low-speed roller, the medium-speed roller and the high-speed roller is 1:5:8, the rotation speed of the low-speed roller is 25 rpm, the differential grinding machine comprises a cooling and forming roller set, the cooling and forming roller set comprises a low-speed cooling roller and a high-speed cooling roller, the rotation speed ratio of the low-speed cooling roller and the high-speed cooling roller is 1:1.15, the rotation speed of the low-speed cooling roller is 30 rpm, the temperature of the low-speed cooling roller is 15℃, and the temperature of the high-speed cooling roller is 19℃.

[0165] Example 3

[0166] The embodiment provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, as shown in FIG. 1, and the process method comprises the following steps:

[0167] S1, coarse crushing:

[0168] The household garbage is put into a coarse crusher through a grab bucket for coarse crushing, and undersize material with a particle size of ≤100 mm and oversized material with a particle size of >100 mm are obtained through screening, the oversized material with a particle size of >100 mm is returned to the coarse crusher for coarse crushing and screening again, the coarse crushing is repeated for 3 times, and the particle size of the material obtained through coarse crushing is ≤100 mm.

[0169] The coarse crusher is a low-rotation-speed coarse crusher, two hydraulic driving rotors are arranged in the crushing chamber of the low-rotation-speed coarse crusher, cutter heads are fixed on the shafts of the two hydraulic driving rotors, double-row self-aligning roller bearings are arranged at the fixed ends of the two hydraulic driving rotors, and two thrust self-aligning roller bearings are arranged at the follow-up ends of the two hydraulic driving rotors.

[0170] The two hydraulic driving rotors comprise a first hydraulic driving rotor and a second hydraulic driving rotor, the rotation directions of the first hydraulic driving rotor and the second hydraulic driving rotor are opposite, the rotation speed of the first hydraulic driving rotor is 15 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second hydraulic driving rotor is 30 r / min, the cutter heads fixed on the shafts of the two hydraulic driving rotors comprise: 5 groups of dynamic cutters opposite to each other, and static cutters equidistantly spaced between adjacent dynamic cutters in each group, and a screen is arranged at the bottom of the coarse crusher, and the screen hole diameter of the screen is 100 mm.

[0171] S2, maturation and dehydration-drying:

[0172] (a) transferring the crushed material to a waste storage pool, co-digesting at 40℃ for 9 days to dehydrate, and allowing leachate to flow out of the waste material; wherein, the first to third days are for the first aeration, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 18%, and the aeration rate is 0.2L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 25℃; after the first aeration, turning over the material is performed, and the fourth to ninth days are for the second aeration, and the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 20%, and the aeration rate is 0.3L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 22℃;

[0173] (b) spraying the hydrogel solution in the waste storage pool to form a hydrogel film with an average thickness of 0.5mm on the surface of the crushed material (the hydrogel film comprises a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose matrix and graphite powder doped in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose matrix; wherein, the doping amount of the graphite powder is 2%), and performing light irradiation under sunlight at 25℃ for 60min to evaporate the solution in the waste leachate and complete the drying of the waste, to obtain dried material with a water content of 37%.

[0174] S3, primary drying:

[0175] transferring the dried material to a paddle dryer to perform primary drying to obtain first dried material; the water content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is reduced to 20%, and the water content of the hydrophobic material is reduced to 1%;

[0176] wherein, the parameters of the primary drying include: using a steam tube rotary dryer; the heating medium is steam at 180℃, and the discharge temperature of the primary dryer is 90℃.

[0177] S4, hot air separation:

[0178] using a horizontal air separator to perform air separation on the first dried material to obtain heavy material and light material respectively;

[0179] wherein, the shape of the air inlet of the horizontal air separator is rectangular, the height of the air inlet is 500mm, the height of the center position of the air inlet is 1550mm, and the air temperature is 120℃; the air separation direction is 15°, and the air speed is 20m / s.

[0180] S5, X-ray separation:

[0181] The heavy substance is separated by X-ray selection to obtain organic matter and inert matter, the X-ray selection machine comprises two strong and weak electron x-ray sources and two independent sensors with corresponding sensitivity; the organic matter comprises any one or combination of at least two of plastic, vegetable leaves, melon peel, fruit shell, bone, paper or bamboo wood; the inert matter comprises any one or combination of at least two of porcelain chips, sand or stone blocks.

[0182] S6, secondary drying:

[0183] The light substance obtained in S4 and the organic matter obtained in S5 are mixed and subjected to secondary drying by a fluidized bed dryer to obtain second dried material, the moisture content of the second dried material is 7%;

[0184] The temperature of the second dried material is 110 DEG C; the heat source for the secondary drying is hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot flue gas is 320 DEG C.

[0185] S7, baking:

[0186] The second dried material is transferred to a baking device and baked at 250 DEG C for 30 min to obtain baked material, the baking is performed by a rotary drum baking machine, and the baking heat carrier is circulating baking gas, and the temperature of the circulating baking gas is 280 DEG C.

[0187] S8, cooling

[0188] The baked material is cooled at a cooling rate of 5 DEG C / min to 25 DEG C, and cooled at the temperature for 50 min to catalyze the material to obtain cooled baked material.

[0189] S9, primary crushing and primary screening:

[0190] The cooled baked material is subjected to primary crushing and primary screening in sequence, and the average processing rate of the process is ensured to be 100 t / h; wherein, the process of primary crushing and primary screening comprises:

[0191] (a) feeding: the material enters the inside of the crusher through the feeding port, and the size of the feeding port is matched with the specifications and yield of the crusher;

[0192] (b) high-speed rotation: the rotor in the inside of the crusher rotates at high speed, and the rotor has a plurality of hammers, and the hammers have a large linear velocity due to high-speed rotation; wherein, the rotation speed of the rotor in the inside of the crusher is 1500 rpm, and the linear velocity of the hammers is 70 m / s;

[0193] (c) impact crushing: after the material enters the crusher, the material is impacted by the high-speed rotating hammers and is crushed, and the impact force is the main force for crushing, and the material can be effectively crushed; the impact force of the hammers is 500 N;

[0194] (d) Grinding effect: In addition to impact crushing, the material inside the crusher will also be subjected to grinding effect, because the material will rub and collide with the inner wall of the shell, the screen plate and the hammer head on the rotor during the crushing process;

[0195] (e) Particle size screening: The crushed material passes through the screen plate, which has a certain size of screen hole. The material larger than the screen hole will be left on the screen plate for further crushing, and the material smaller than the screen hole will pass through the screen plate and become the finished product; wherein the particle size of the oversize material left on the screen plate is > 5mm (accounting for 26%); the particle size of the undersize material passing through the screen plate is ≤ 5mm (accounting for 74%).

[0196] (f) Discharge: The finished material is discharged from the discharge port, and the size of the discharge port can be adjusted to control the size of the finished material. Unqualified large particle materials may re-enter the crusher for further crushing.

[0197] S10, secondary crushing and secondary screening:

[0198] The undersize material is subjected to secondary crushing by a five-roller differential grinding machine, and then subjected to secondary screening to obtain upgraded biomass powder;

[0199] The differential grinding machine includes a differential roller set; the differential roller set includes a low-speed roller, a medium-speed roller and a high-speed roller; the speed ratio of the low-speed roller, the medium-speed roller and the high-speed roller is 1:4:8; the speed of the low-speed roller is 25 rpm; the differential grinding machine includes a cooling and forming roller set; the cooling and forming roller set includes a low-speed cooling roller and a high-speed cooling roller; the speed ratio of the low-speed cooling roller and the high-speed cooling roller is 1:1.18; the speed of the low-speed cooling roller is 30 rpm; the temperature of the low-speed cooling roller is 17℃, and the temperature of the high-speed cooling roller is 19℃.

[0200] Example 4

[0201] The embodiment provides a process method for thermal sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from example 1 in that the oversize material obtained after the first screening in S9 is sequentially subjected to eddy current separation and magnetic separation to separate metal to obtain coking material; the coking material is returned to the step of baking in S7 for baking again, and the other steps are consistent with example 1.

[0202] Example 5

[0203] The embodiment provides a process method for thermal sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from example 1 in that the oversize material obtained after the first screening in S9 is sequentially subjected to eddy current separation and magnetic separation to separate metal to obtain coking material; the coking material is returned to the step of crushing in S9 for crushing again, and the other steps are consistent with example 1.

[0204] Example 6

[0205] The embodiment provides a process for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that water gel is not added in the drying process of step (b) of S2, and the drying treatment is performed in the following manner:

[0206] The heating pipe is arranged at the bottom of the garbage storage pool, water vapor is introduced into the heating pipe, the flow rate of the water vapor is 0.42 m / s, so that the temperature of the garbage storage pool is maintained at 45±2 DEG C, meanwhile, the material is dried by using sunlight, and at least 24 hours are needed for drying under the condition to reduce the water content of the dried material to 38%.

[0207] Embodiment 7

[0208] The embodiment provides a process for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that only one hydraulic driving rotor is arranged in S1, and the rotating speed of the hydraulic driving rotor is increased to 60 r / min, and the fixed cutter heads on the shafts of the two hydraulic driving rotors include: 10 groups of dynamic cutters which are opposite to each other, and static cutters which are equidistantly spaced between adjacent dynamic cutters of each group.

[0209] Results show that: the household garbage is introduced into the coarse crusher through the grab bucket, coarse crushing is performed, and the particle size of the crushed material is ≤100 mm, and the particle size of the crushed material is >100 mm, the crushed material with the particle size >100 mm is returned to the coarse crusher for coarse crushing again, and the coarse crushing needs to be repeated for 7 times, and the particle size of the obtained material after coarse crushing is ≤100 mm.

[0210] Embodiment 8

[0211] The embodiment provides a process for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the steps of maturation and dehydration are different, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0212] The crushed material is transferred to the garbage storage pool, is dehydrated by maturation at 45 DEG C for 6 days, so that the leachate flows out of the garbage material; wherein, the first to third days are subjected to the first ventilation, the oxygen content in the air flow is 19%, the ventilation rate is 0.35 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 23 DEG C; after the first ventilation, the material is turned over, the second to sixth days are subjected to the second ventilation, the oxygen content in the air flow is 16%, the ventilation rate is 0.25 L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , and the temperature of the air flow is 26 DEG C;

[0213] Results show that: after the same step (b) drying as in the embodiment 1, the dried material with a water content of 42% is obtained.

[0214] Embodiment 9

[0215] The embodiment provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the steps of the first drying and the second drying are interchanged, that is, the first drying is performed by using a multilayer belt dryer (the process parameters are consistent with those of the embodiment 1); and the second drying is performed by using a paddle dryer (the process parameters are consistent with those of the embodiment 1).

[0216] The results show that the moisture content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is 32%, and the moisture content of the hydrophobic material is 7%; and the average moisture content of the second dried material is 9%.

[0217] Embodiment 10

[0218] The embodiment provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the first crushing in the S9 is no longer performed by using a hammer crusher, but is performed by using a low-speed coarse crusher (the process parameters are consistent with those of the embodiment 1) and then by using a sieve with a pore size of 5 mm for screening.

[0219] The results show that the content of the material with a particle size greater than 5 mm retained on the sieve is as high as 82%, and the content of the undersize material discharged through the sieve is only 18%.

[0220] Embodiment 11

[0221] The embodiment provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the differential speed roller group of the differential speed grinding machine in the S10 is different from that in the embodiment 1, and specifically:

[0222] The differential speed grinding machine comprises a differential speed roller group; the differential speed roller group comprises a low-speed roller and a high-speed roller; the speed ratio of the low-speed roller to the high-speed roller is 1:3; the speed of the low-speed roller is 40 rpm; and the differential speed grinding machine comprises a cooling and forming roller group.

[0223] The cooling and forming roller group comprises a cooling roller; the speed of the cooling roller is 18 rpm; and the temperature of the cooling roller is 15℃.

[0224] Comparative Example 1

[0225] The comparative example provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the step of the S1 coarse crushing is not performed, and other settings are consistent with those of the embodiment 1.

[0226] Comparative Example 2

[0227] The comparative example provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the embodiment 1 in that the step (a) of maturation and dehydration in the S2 is not performed, and the step (b) of drying is directly performed, and other settings are consistent with those of the embodiment 1.

[0228] Comparative Example 3

[0229] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0230] Comparative example 4

[0231] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0232] Comparative example 5

[0233] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0234] Comparative example 6

[0235] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0236] Comparative example 7

[0237] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0238] Comparative example 8

[0239] The comparative example 1 provides a process method for hot sorting and upgrading of household garbage, which is different from the example 1 in that the step of S2 (b) drying is not performed, and the wet material obtained after S1 maturation and dehydration is directly filtered through a filter screen, and then directly subjected to primary drying, and other settings are consistent with the example 1.

[0240] Test example 1

[0241] Test sample: the upgraded biomass powder prepared by the process method provided in examples 1-11, and the upgraded biomass powder prepared by the process method provided in comparative examples 1-8;

[0242] The test results are shown in Table 1 as follows:

[0243] Table 1

[0244] As shown from the results in Table 1, the average particle size of the upgraded biomass powder prepared by the process method of the present disclosure is 500-899 μm, and the specific surface area is 158-242 m 2 / g, the energy density is 12.5-30.0 MJ / kg, the ash content is as low as 15% or less, the water content is as low as 3% or less, and the total yield is 86.38% or more. Thus, the disclosed process method can low-temperature bake the household garbage, realize resource utilization, achieve carbonization of the household garbage, and prepare the household garbage into high-quality biomass powder with uniform composition and high energy density, which can be further used as a green energy source, thereby enriching the process route at the back end.

[0245] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and not to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure. Industrial applicability

[0246] The process method provided by the present disclosure is a household garbage heat sorting upgrading process method integrating pretreatment, efficient separation and deep upgrading. By baking the household garbage, high-quality biomass powder is prepared, the fuel properties are improved, high-calorific-value high-quality biomass powder is obtained, the energy is more concentrated, the energy yield is high, the household garbage is fully resource utilized, and there is no dioxin emission. The effective separation and upgrading of each component in the household garbage are realized, especially for the organic component, the utilization value as fuel or raw material is improved through deep treatment, and the negative influence of inert matter on the subsequent treatment process is reduced. Not only the sorting efficiency is improved, but also the problems existing in the traditional treatment method are effectively solved. The process method has the characteristics of simple operation, low energy consumption, etc., and has good economic efficiency and environmental protection in practical application.

Claims

1. A process for thermal sorting and upgrading of municipal solid waste, characterized in that, The process method comprises the following steps: The household garbage is coarsely crushed to obtain crushed materials with a particle size of ≤100 mm; The crushed materials are matured and dehydrated, and after the percolate flows out, the dry material is obtained by drying; The dry material is subjected to primary drying to obtain first dry material; The first dry material is subjected to hot air separation to obtain heavy material and light material respectively; The heavy material is subjected to magnetic separation, vortex separation, color separation and X-ray separation to obtain magnetic metal, non-magnetic metal, glass, organic matter and inert matter respectively; The light material and the organic matter are subjected to secondary drying to obtain second dry material; The second dry material is subjected to baking, cooling, primary crushing and primary screening in sequence to obtain sieve material and sieve material respectively; The sieve material is subjected to secondary crushing and secondary screening to obtain upgraded biomass powder; The inert material residue obtained by X-ray separation is made into sand by a sand making machine.

2. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of the coarse crushing include: The household garbage is put into a coarse crusher through a grab bucket or a conveyor for coarse crushing, and is screened to obtain crushed materials with a particle size of ≤100 mm and crushed materials with a particle size of >100 mm, and the crushed materials with a particle size of >100 mm are returned to the coarse crusher for coarse crushing and screening again until the particle size of the obtained materials is ≤100 mm; Optionally, the coarse crusher is a low-speed coarse crusher, and two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors are arranged in the crushing chamber of the low-speed coarse crusher; a cutter head is fixed on the shaft of each of the two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors; a double-row self-aligning roller bearing is arranged at the fixed end of each of the two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors, and two thrust self-aligning roller bearings are arranged at the follow-up end of each of the two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors; Optionally, the two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors include a first hydraulic or motor-driven rotor and a second hydraulic or motor-driven rotor; the rotation directions of the first hydraulic or motor-driven rotor and the second hydraulic or motor-driven rotor are opposite, the rotation speed of the first hydraulic or motor-driven rotor is 8-50 r / min, and the rotation speed of the second hydraulic or motor-driven rotor is 10-50 r / min; the rotation speeds of the first hydraulic or motor-driven rotor and the second hydraulic or motor-driven rotor are different, so that the materials are torn; Optionally, the cutter heads fixed on the shafts of the two hydraulic or motor-driven rotors include: two pairs of opposite moving cutters and a stationary cutter equidistantly arranged between each group of adjacent moving cutters; Optionally, a screen is arranged at the bottom of the coarse crusher, and the screen hole diameter of the screen is 100 mm.

3. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the maturation is 40-50°C, and the time of the maturation is 4-9 days; Optionally, the specific steps of the maturation include: The broken material is transferred to a garbage storage pool, the first ventilation is carried out in the first to third days, the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 15-18%, the ventilation rate is 0.2-0.3L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , the temperature of the air flow is 25-28℃; after the first ventilation is finished, the material is turned over, the second ventilation is carried out in the third to ninth days, the oxygen content in the air flow is ensured to be 18-20%, the ventilation rate is 0.3-0.4L·kg -1 DM·min -1 , the temperature of the air flow is 22-25℃; Optionally, the drying includes heating drying and / or light drying; Optionally, the heating drying is performed by a heating pipeline arranged at the bottom of the garbage storage pool, and the heating pipeline is filled with water vapor and / or hot water; Optionally, the flow rate of the water vapor and / or hot water in the heating pipeline is kept at 40-80°C to maintain the temperature in the storage pool; Optionally, the light drying includes: spraying a hydrogel solution in the garbage storage pool to form a hydrogel film on the surface of the crushed materials, and performing light drying under sunlight to evaporate the solution in the garbage percolate and complete the drying of the garbage. Optionally, the thickness of the hydrogel film is 0.1-1 mm; Optionally, the hydrogel film comprises a hydrophilic hydrogel matrix and a photothermal material doped in the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix; wherein the doping amount of the photothermal material accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of the hydrogel film; Optionally, the hydrophilic hydrogel matrix comprises any one or a combination of at least two of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose or chitosan; Optionally, the photothermal material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of graphene, carbon nanotube, graphite powder or carbon black.

4. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of the primary drying include: transferring the dried material to a primary drying machine for drying to obtain a first dried material; wherein the moisture content of the hydrophilic material in the first dried material is reduced to below 30%, and the moisture content of the hydrophobic material in the first dried material is reduced to below 5%; wherein the hydrophilic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of paper products, textile products or kitchen waste; and the hydrophobic material comprises any one or a combination of at least two of plastics, foams, metals, glass, porcelain chips or stone blocks; Optionally, the primary drying machine is an indirect heating heat conduction drying machine, including any one of paddle dryer, horizontal disc dryer or steam tube rotary dryer; Optionally, the parameters of the primary drying machine include: the heating medium is steam at 150-200℃, and the discharge temperature of the primary drying machine is 80-100℃.

5. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light substance includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastics, paper products, textile products or foam products; and / or, the heavy substance includes any one or a combination of at least two of kitchen waste, bones, metals, glass, porcelain chips, wood or stone blocks; Optionally, the air separation uses a horizontal air separator; Optionally, the air temperature of the horizontal air separator is 100-150℃; Optionally, the air direction of the air separation is 10-20°, and the air speed of the air separation is 8-20 m / s.

6. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The X-ray separator used in the X-ray separation includes two electronic X-ray sources of strong and weak and two independent sensors of corresponding sensitivity; wherein the organic matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of plastics, vegetable leaves, melon peels and husks, bones, paper or bamboo wood; and / or, the inert matter includes any one or a combination of at least two of porcelain chips, sand or stone blocks; Optionally, the moisture content of the second dried material is 5-8%; Optionally, the temperature of the second dried material is 100-120℃; Optionally, the secondary drying uses an air flow direct contact type drying machine, including any one of multi-layer belt dryer, rotary drum dryer or fluidized bed dryer; Optionally, the heat source of the secondary drying is hot air and / or hot flue gas, and the temperature of the hot air and / or hot flue gas is 180-350℃.

7. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baking temperature is 210-250℃, and the baking time is 20-40 min; Optionally, the baking uses a rotary drum baking machine; Optionally, the heat carrier used in the baking is circulating baking gas, and the temperature of the circulating baking gas is 250-300℃.

8. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The primary crushing uses a hammer crusher. Optionally, the particle size of the oversize is >5mm, and the particle size of the undersize is ≤5mm. Optionally, the process further comprises the following steps: after separating the metal from the oversize by electrostatic separation and magnetic separation, obtaining coking material; returning the coking material to the baking step for re-baking and / or returning the coking material to the primary crushing step for re-crushing.

9. The process for thermal sorting and upgrading of household waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary crushing uses a five-roller differential grinding machine. Optionally, the differential grinding machine comprises a differential roller set; wherein the differential roller set comprises a low-speed roller, a medium-speed roller and a high-speed roller; the rotation speed ratio of the low-speed roller, the medium-speed roller and the high-speed roller is 1:(3-5):(7-9); the rotation speed of the low-speed roller is 15-30rpm. Optionally, the differential grinding machine comprises a cooling and shaping roller set; wherein the cooling and shaping roller set comprises a low-speed cooling roller and a high-speed cooling roller; the rotation speed ratio of the low-speed cooling roller and the high-speed cooling roller is 1:(1.14-1.19); the rotation speed of the low-speed cooling roller is 20-30rpm; the temperature of the low-speed cooling roller and the high-speed cooling roller is independently 10-20℃.

10. An upgraded biomass powder, characterized in that, The upgraded biomass powder is prepared by the process for upgrading household garbage by hot sorting according to claim 1. Optionally, the particle size of the upgraded biomass powder is 500-899μm. Optionally, the upgraded biomass powder has a specific surface area of 158 to 242 m 2 / g. Optionally, the total moisture of the upgraded biomass powder is ≤3%. Optionally, the ash value of the upgraded biomass powder is ≤15%. Optionally, the energy density of the upgraded biomass powder is 12.5-30MJ / kg. Optionally, the gasification time of the upgraded biomass powder at 1300℃ is <7s.

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