Artificial intelligence or machine learning positioning internal status updates using UAI framework

Abstract

Aspects presented herein may enable a user equipment (UE) to use a UE assistance information (UAI) framework to signal a network entity (e.g., a base station) directly with some desired / updated configurations related to artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) positioning, such as a set of desired / updated RS configurations. In one aspect, a UE detects, during an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE. The UE transmits, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning. In some examples, the UE may receive, based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported.

Description

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 1ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR MACHINE LEARNING POSITIONINGINTERNAL STATUS UPDATES USING UAI FRAMEWORKCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Greece Patent Application Serial No. 20240100657, entitled “ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OR MACHINE LEARNING POSITIONING INTERNAL STATUS UPDATES USING UAI FRAMEWORK” and filed on September 26, 2024, which is expressly incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly, to wireless communication involving artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) positioning.INTRODUCTION

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3 GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 2 includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

[0005] Some telecommunication standards also provide positioningprotocols and techniques that enable mobile network operators to provide high-accuracy location services to their subscribers. For example, 5GNR include various standards for network-based positioning that use signals and features of the 5G network to perform or improve the positioning of a device. There also exists a need for further improvements in these positioning protocols and techniques.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus detects, during an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML)-based positioning a change in a status of a user equipment (UE). The apparatus transmits, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0008] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives, from a UE, a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning. The apparatus transmits, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refrain from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 3

[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] FIG. l is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

[0011] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE positioning based on reference signal measurements.

[0017] FIG. 5 A is a diagram illustrating an example of direct artificial intelligence (Al) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 5B is a diagram illustrating an example of AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of different configurations for AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE-based positioning with UE-side AI / ML model, direct AI / ML or AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 4

[0021] FIG. 8 A is a diagram illustrating an example of UE-assisted / location management function (LMF)-based positioning with UE-side AI / ML model, AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 8B is a diagram illustrating an example of UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning with LMF-side model, direct AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating an example of network node assisted positioning with gNB-side model, AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an example of network node assisted positioning with LMF-side model, direct AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of time window measurements in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 12 is a communication flow illustration an example of a UE assistance information (UAI) framework in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example data monitoring related to AI / ML air interface and AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 14 is a communication flow illustrating an example procedure of enabling a UE to proactively recommend a network entity with configuration(s) related to AI / ML positioning operation(s) based on the (internal) status of the UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0031] FIG. 16 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0032] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or network entity.

[0033] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.

[0034] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 5DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Various aspects relate generally to improving the overall performance and efficiency of artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) positioning related operations (e.g., training, inferencing, data collection, etc.) by enabling a user equipment (UE) to inform its status (e.g., current internal status, conditions, settings, etc.) actively / proactively. For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a UE may be configured to use a UE assistance information (UAI) framework to signal a network entity (e.g., a base station) directly with some desired / updated / recommended configurations related to AI / ML positioning, such as desired / updated / recommended RS configuration(s). In response, the network entity may indicate to the UE whether the desired / updated / recommended configurations are accepted or not supported, or ignoring the desired / updated / recommended configurations. Thus, aspects presented herein may significantly reduce the signaling overhead and latency between the UE and the network entity with regards to UE status reporting and RS configuration^) related to AI / ML positioning.

[0036] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. UEs may support one or more AI / ML positioning model. However, depending on UE internal status (e.g., battery, memory, processing), the UE may not support some AI / ML positioning features, including the whole operation of an AI / ML model, some resources (i.e., reference signals) related to measurements for model input, reporting of some measurements related to model input / output. This discontinuity in the support of the model or sub set of input / output features can be intermittent and for short period of time and may specify gNB or transmission reception point (TRP) to pause sending related reference signals or pause expecting UE to send sounding reference signal (SRS) signals. The UE may also specify to tell gNB / TRP about UE recommended RS settings for AI / ML positioning operation that account for temporary change in UE internal status. The challenge is that using an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) capability procedure for indicating such change can be slow and demands communication with gNB via a location management function (LMF).

[0037] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 6 concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0038] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with ref erenceto various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0039] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examplesof processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0040] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 7 or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer- readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0041] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are describedin this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / oruse cases described herein may be implemented across many differingplatform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (Al)-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / oruse cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip- level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor(s), interleaver, adders / summers, etc.). Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 8

[0042] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5GNR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), evolved NB (eNB), NR BS, 5GNB, access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), or a cell, etc.) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.

[0043] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs)). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0044] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O- RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0045] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 9 disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both). A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an Fl interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.

[0046] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near- RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver), configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.

[0047] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit - Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 10 communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an El interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.

[0048] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3 GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.

[0049] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT), inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like), or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU(s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU(s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU(s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.

[0050] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualizedandvirtualizednetwork elements. Fornon-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an 01 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 11 perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an 02 interface). Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 andNear-RTRICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O- eNB) 111, via an 01 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an 01 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.

[0051] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (Al) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near- RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an Al interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via dataset collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.

[0052] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performanceand employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via 01) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as Al policies).

[0053] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 maybe referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102). The base129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 12 station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station). The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to EMHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Ex MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respecttoDL andUL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0054] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, Bluetooth™ (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)), Wi-Fi™ (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 13

[0055] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs)) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum orthe like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.

[0056] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5GNR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” bandin documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.

[0057] The frequencies between FR1 andFR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz - 24.25 GHz). Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into midband frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5 G NR op eration b ey ond 52.6 GHz . For example, three higher op erating b ands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz - 71 GHz), FR4 (71 GHz- 114.25 GHz), andFR5 (114.25 GHz- 300 GHz). Each of these hi^ier frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0058] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1 , or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 14

[0059] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

[0060] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0061] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 15Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE), a serving mobile location center (SMLC), a mobile positioning center (MPC), or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioningthe UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), global position system (GPS), non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite position / location system), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor), NR enhanced cell ID (NRE-CID) methods, NRsignals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT), DL angle- of-departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or other systems / signals / sensors.

[0062] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smartphone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as loT devices (e.g, parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). TheUE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 16 wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.

[0063] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may have an AI / ML configuration indication component 198 that may be configured to detect, during an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML)-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE; and transmit, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning. In certain aspects, the base station 102 may have an UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 that may be configured to receive, from a UE, a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning; and transmit, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refrain from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication.

[0064] FIG. 2 A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5GNR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5 G NR subframe. The 5 G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL andUL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL). While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61 . Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 17 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI), or semi- statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.

[0065] FIGs. 2 A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the presentdisclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS.Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP

[0066] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different numerologies p 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 18 for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology p, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2.Llsi ots / sub frame. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2^ * 15 kHz , where g is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology p=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology p=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / durationis inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology p=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ps. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended).

[0067] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0068] As illustrated in FIG. 2 A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rfor one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation attheUE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beam refinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0069] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 19 physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), which carries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

[0070] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequencydependent scheduling on the UL.

[0071] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK)). The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 20

[0072] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0073] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, andMIMO antenna processing The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 21 together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carryingatime domain OFDMsymbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0074] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may b e based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0075] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 22 packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0076] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0077] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354 Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0078] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver fun ction attheUE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

[0079] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 23

[0080] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the AI / ML configuration indication component 198 of FIG. 1.

[0081] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 of FIG. 1 .

[0082] FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of aUEpositioningbased on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning”) in accordance with variousaspects ofthe present disclosure. The UE404 may transmit UL SRS 412 at time TSRS_TX and receive DL positioning reference signals (PRS) (DL PRS) 410 at time TPRS_RX. The TRP 406 may receive the UL SRS 412 at time TSRS RX and transmit the DL PRS 410 at time TPRS_TX- The UE 404 may receive the DL PRS 410 before transmitting the UL SRS 412, or may transmit the UL SRS 412 before receiving the DL PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location servers) 168) or the UE 404 may determine the RTT 414 based on ||TSRS RX - TPRS_TX| - |TSRS TX - TPRS RX||- Accordingly, multi-RTT positioning may make use of the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS TX - TPRS_RX|) and DL PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 and measured by the UE 404, and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |TSRS_RX - TPRS_TX|) and UL SRS-RSRP at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The UE 404 measures the UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the TRPs 402, 406 measure the gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurements (and / or UL SRS-RSRP of the received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. The measurements may be used atthe positioning server or the UE 404 to determine the RTT, which is used to estimate the location of theUE 404. Other methods are possible for determining the RTT, such as for example using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0083] PRSs may be defined for network-based positioning (e.g., NR positioning) to enable UEs to detect and measure more neighbor transmission and reception points (TRPs), where multiple configurations are supported to enable a variety of deployments (e.g, indoor, outdoor, sub-6, mmW, etc.). To support PRS beam operation, beam sweeping129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 24 may also be configured forPRS. The UL positioning reference signal may be based on sounding reference signals (SRSs) with enhancements / adjustments for positioning purposes. In some examples, UL-PRS may be referred to as “SRS for positioning” and a new Information Element (IE) may be configured for SRS for positioning in RRC signaling.

[0084] DL PRS-RSRP may be defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in[W]) of the resource elements of the antenna port(s) that carry DL PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. In some examples, for FR1, the ref erencepointfortheDL PRS- RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For FR2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding DL PRS- RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches. Similarly, UL SRS-RSRP may be defined as linear average of the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements carrying sounding reference signals (SRS). UL SRS-RSRP may be measured over the configured resource elements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth in the configured measurement time occasions. In some examples, for FR1 , the reference point for the UL SRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the base station (e.g., gNB). For FR2, UL SRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements correspondingto a given receiver branch. For FR1 and FR2, if receiver diversity is in use by the base station, the reported UL SRS- RSRP value may not be lower than the corresponding UL SRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches.

[0085] PRS-path RSRP (PRS-RSRPP) may be defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1 st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. In some examples, PRS path Phase measurement may refer to the phase associated with an i- th path of the channel derived using a PRS resource.

[0086] DL-AoD positioning may make use of the measured DL PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 25 positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with the azimuth angle of departure (A-AoD), the zenith angle of departure (Z-AoD), and other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0087] DL-TDOA positioning may make use of the DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to locate the UE 404 in relation to the neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0088] UL-TDOA positioning may make use of the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL SRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404.

[0089] UL-AoApositioningmay make use of the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) at multiple TRPs 402, 406 of uplink signals transmitted from the UE 404. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and the Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the location of the UE 404. For purposes of the present disclosure, a positioning operation in which measurements are provided by a UE to a base station / positioning entity / serverto be used in the computation of the UE’s position may be described as “UE-assisted,” “UE-assisted positioning,” and / or “UE-assisted position calculation,” while a positioning operation in which a UE measures and computes its own position may be described as“UE-based ,” “UE-based positioning,” and / or “UE-based position calculation.”

[0090] Additional positioning methods may be used for estimating the location of the UE 404, such as for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various technologies may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, to determine and / or to enhance certainty, to129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 26 supplement / complement measurements, and / or to substitute / provide for missing information.

[0091] Note that the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” generally refer to specific reference signals that are used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to, PRS as defined in LTE and NR, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSLRS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. In addition, the terms “positioning reference signal” and “PRS” may refer to downlink or uplink positioning reference signals, unless otherwise indicated by the context. To further distinguish the type of PRS, a downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a “DL PRS,” and an uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., an SRS-for-positioning, PTRS) may be referred to as an “UL-PRS.” In addition, for signals that may be transmitted in both the uplink and downlink (e.g., DMRS, PTRS), the signals may be prepended with “UL” or “DL” to distinguish the direction. For example, “UL-DMRS” may be differentiated from “DL-DMRS.” In addition, the term “location” and “position” may be used interchangeably throughout the specification, which may referto a particular geographical or a relative place.

[0092] For purposes of the present disclosure, “UE Rx - Tx time difference” may be defined as TUE.RX - TUE-TX, where: TUE.Rx is the UE received timing of downlink subframe #i from a Transmission Point (TP), defined by the first detected path in time. TUE-TX is the UE transmit timing of uplink subframe #j that is closest in time to the subframe #i received from the TP. Multiple DL PRS or CSLRS for tracking resources, as instructed by higher layers, can be used to determine the start of one subframe of the first arrival path of the TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for TUE.Rx measurement may be the Rx antenna connector of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TX measurement may be the Tx antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for TUE.Rx measurement may be the Rx antenna of the UE and the reference point for TUE-TX measurement may be the Tx antenna of the UE.

[0093] “DL reference signal time difference (DLRSTD)” is the DL relative timing difference between the Transmission Point (TP) j and the reference TP z, defined as TsubframeRxj - TsubframeRxi, where: TsubframeRxj is the time when the UE receives the start of one subframe from TP j. TSubframeRxi is the time when the UE receives the corresponding129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 27 start of one subframe from TP z that is closest in time to the subframe received from TP j. Multiple DL PRS resources can be used to determine the start of one subframe from a TP. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSTD may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSTD may be the antenna of the UE.

[0094] “DL PRS reference signal received power (DL PRS-RSRP),” is defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry DL PRS reference signals configured for RSRP measurements within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. For frequency range 1 , the reference point for the DL PRS-RSRP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS-RSRP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency range 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the reported DL PRS-RSRP value may notbe lower than the corresponding DL PRS-RSRP of any of the individual receiver branches.

[0095] “DL PRS reference signal received path power (DL PRS-RSRPP),” is defined as the power of the linear average of the channel response at the i-th path delay of the resource elements that carry DL PRS signal configured for the measurement, where DL PRS-RSRPP for the 1 st path delay is the power contribution corresponding to the first detected path in time. For frequency range 1 , the reference point for the DL PRS- RSRPP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, DL PRS- RSRPP may be measured based on the combined signal from antenna elements corresponding to a given receiver branch. For frequency range 1 and 2, if receiver diversity is in use by the UE for DL PRS-RSRPP measurements, the reported DL PRS-RSRPP value included in the higher layer parameter NR-DL-AoD-MeasElement for the first and additional measurements may be provided for the same receiver branch(es) as applied for DL PRS-RSRP measurements

[0096] DL reference signal carrier phase (RSCP)” is defined as the phase of the channel response at the 1stpath delay derived from the resource elements carrying DL PRS configured for the measurement. DL RSCP is associated with the center frequency of the DL positioning frequency layer (PFL) configured for the measurement for RRC connected, RRC inactive, and RRC idle modes. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCP may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCP may be the antenna of the UE.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 28

[0097] “DL reference signal carrier phase difference (RSCPD)” is defined as the difference of DL RSCPs measured from DL PRS transmitted in a DL PFL from the transmission point(TP) j and the reference TPz. If UE reports RSCPD measurements together with RSTD measurements in a measurement report element, the reference TP for RSCPD is the same as the reference TP reported for RSTD. For frequency range 1, the reference point for the DL RSCPD may be the antenna connector of the UE. For frequency range 2, the reference point for the DL RSCPD may be the antenna of the UE.

[0098] In some implementations, at least one artificial intelligence (Al) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) model may be configured / implemented at an entity / node (e.g., a UE, a network entity / node such as a base station, a location server, a location management function (LMF), etc.) for assisting the entity / node with the positioning of a UE. For example, an AI / ML model may be trained to determine the position of a UE based on DL-AoA, DL-TDOA, channel impulse response (CIR), radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting, etc. In most scenarios, using an AI / ML model may significantly improve UE positioning latency, accuracy / reliability, and / or efficiency. For purposes of the present disclosure, an AI / ML model that is implemented at a UE side may be referred to as a “UE-side model” and / or “UE-side AI / ML model.” On the other hand, an AI / ML model that is implemented at a network side may be referred to as a “network-side model,” “network-side AI / ML model,” and / or (network name)-side AI / ML model (e.g., base station-side AI / ML model, LMF-side AI / ML model, etc.).

[0099] In addition, positioning that is associated with a UE or a network entity / node using an AI / ML model to determine the position of the UE may be referred to as “direct AI / ML positioning,” whereas positioning that is associated with a UE or a network entity / node performingpositioningrelated measurements using an AI / ML model (and transmitting the positioning related measurements to another entity) to determine the position of the UEmay be referred to as “AI / ML assisted positioning” and / or “assisted AI / ML positioning.” Also, UE-based positioning (e.g., UE determines its own position) using at least one UE-side AI / ML model may be referred to as “direct UE AI / ML positioning” and / or “UE direct AI / ML positioning,” whereas UE-assisted positioning (e.g., a UE provides positioning measurements and a network entity, such as an LMF, determines the position fortheUEbased on the positioningmeasurements provided by the UE) using at least one UE-side AI / ML model may be referred to as129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 29“UE AI / ML assisted positioning,” “UE assisted AI / ML positioning” “ AI / ML assisted UE positioning,” and / or “AI / ML UE assisted positioning,” etc. Similarly, networkbased positioning (e.g., a network entity, such as an LMF, determines the position for the UE) using at least one network / LMF-side AI / ML model may be referred to as “direct network / LMF AI / ML positioning” and / or “network / LMF direct AI / ML positioning.”

[0100] For purposes of the present disclosure, at a high-level, an “AI / ML model” may refer to a program / algorithm that is capable of being trained on a set of data (which may be referred to as “training data”) to make certain decisions (without further human intervention), to recognize certain patterns, and / or predict certain outcomes, etc. In some examples and depending on the context, an “AI / ML model” may also refer to an actual physical model with given parameters and weights, and / or may refer to a logical model for which one or more models can be considered but all seen as one logical model from identification stand point. Similarly, depending on the context, an “AI / ML functionality” may refer to employing AI / ML to positioning without referringto an underlying model (physical and / or logical). The AI / ML functionality may still be defined / identified based on measurements of information considered for its inputs and / or outputs. In some examples, the AI / ML functionality may refer to one or more AI / ML model for which model input may refer to a specific measurement type / or and quantities. The one or more model(s) may be logical or physical. The AI / ML functionality may also refer to one or more AI / ML model for which model output may referto a specific measurement type / locati on information and / or quantity. The one or more model(s) can be logical or physical. Depending on the context, sometimes the term “AI / ML model” may be used interchangeably with the term “AI / ML functionality.”

[0101] FIG. 5 A is a diagram 500A illustrating an example of direct AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For direct AI / ML positioning, an entity / node (e.g., a UE, a network entity / node such as a base station, a location server, etc.) may use at least one AI / ML model to determine the position of a UE or a target. For example, a UE may receive and measure PRSs transmitted from one or more base stations, and the UE may determine its position using an AI / ML model based on the PRS measurements. In another example, an LMF may receive PRS measurements from a UE or SRS measurements from a base station, and the129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 30LMF may determine the position of the UE using an AI / ML model based on the PRS / SRS measurements.

[0102] FIG. 5B is a diagram 500B illustrating an example of AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For AI / ML assisted positioning, an entity / node (e.g., a UE, a network entity / node such as a base station, etc.) may use at least one AI / ML model to assistthe measurement of reference signals (e.g., positioningreference signals such as PRS, SRS, etc.). Then, the entity / node may transmit the reference signal measurements to a location server, such as an LMF. In response, the location server may determine the position of the UE based on a non- AI / ML mechanism / algorithm, or based on using an AI / ML model to determine the position of the UE. For example, a UE may receive and measure PRSs transmitted from one or more base stations, and the UE may transmit the PRS measurements to an LMF. The PRS measurements may include intermediate measurements, such as timing and / or angle of the PRSs, whether the PRSs are received based on a line-of- sight (LOS) condition or a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition, etc. Then, the LMF may determine the position of the UE based on the PRS measurements (e.g., the intermediate measurements) with or withoutusing an AI / ML model. Similarly, a base station may receive and measure SRSs transmitted from a UE, and the baes station may transmit the SRS measurements to an LMF. Then, the LMF may determine the position of the UE based on the SRS measurements (e.g., the intermediate measurements) with or without using an AI / ML model.

[0103] FIG. 6 is a diagram 600 illustrating an example of different configurations for AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, as shown at 610, for AI / ML assisted positioning, a same AI / ML model may be used for multiple TRPs, where one AI / ML model may be configured for each TRP (referringto as a “single-TRP” setting). For example, a UE 602 may receive a set of positioning reference signals from N TRPs (e.g., from a first TRP, a second TRP, . . . , and up to an NthTRP), and measure the channel impulse response (CIR) for the set of positioning reference signals from each TRP. Then, the UE 602 may input the measured CIR for each TRP to an AI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML Model A) configured for / associated with each TRP, where the AI / ML model may infer the time of arrival (ToA) of the positioning reference signal for the corresponding TRP based on the corresponding CIR. In other words, CIR of the first TRP is input to an AI / ML129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 31 model A associated with the first TRP, CIR of the second TRP is input to an AI / ML model A associated with the second TRP, and CIR of the NthTRP is input to an AI / ML model A associated with the NthTRP, etc.

[0104] In another example, as shown at 612, different AI / ML models may be used for multiple TRPs, where one AI / ML model may be configured for each TRP (e.g., also the “single-TRP” setting but each TRP may use a different AI / ML model). For example, CIR of the first TRP may be input to a first AI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML Model BQ for inferring the To A of the first TRP, CIR of the second TRP may be input to a second AI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML Model B2that is different from AI / ML Model BQ for inferring the ToA of the second TRP, and CIR of the NthTRP may be input to an NthAI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML Model BN that is different from AI / ML Model Bi and AI / ML Model B2) for inferring the ToA of the AI / ML Model Bi TRP, etc.

[0105] In another example, as shown at 614, one AI / ML model may be used for multiple TRPs (referring to as a “multi-TRP” setting). For example, CIRs from the N TRPs may be input to one AI / ML model (e.g., AI / ML Model C), andthe AI / ML modelmay infer the ToA for each TRP. For AI / ML assisted positioning, different model input realizations may have different implications on accuracy, generalization, robustness, as well as model complexity and life cycle management (LCM).

[0106] FIG. 7 is a diagram 700 illustrating an example of UE-based positioning with UE-side AI / ML model, direct AI / ML or AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In one implementation, a UE 702 may be associated with at least one AI / ML model 708, and the UE 702 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 to perform the direct AI / ML positioning and / or the assisted AI / ML positioning based on downlink (DL) reference signals, such as positioning reference signals (PRSs). For example, the UE 702 may receive and measure a set of PRSs transmitted from a base station 706, such as measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP), channel impulse response (CIR), DL-AoD, reference signal time difference (RSTD), time of arrival (ToA), and / or time of flight (ToF) of the set of PRSs, etc., which may be collectively be referred to as “PRS measurements)” and / or “PRS-based measurement(s).” In some examples, the UE 702 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 for measuring the set of PRSs (e.g., for assisted AI / ML positioning). In some examples, based on the PRS measurement(s), the UE 702 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 for determining its position (e.g., for direct129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 32AI / ML positioning). Note in this assisted AI / ML positioning example, the UE 702 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 for performing PRS measurements, and the UE 702 may determine its position based on the PRS measurements without the assistance of an AI / ML model.

[0107] FIG. 8A is a diagram 800A illustrating an example of UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning with UE-side AI / ML model, AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In another implementation, a UE 702 may be associated with at least one AI / ML model 708, and the UE 702 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 to perform or assist measurement(s) of DL reference signals. For example, the UE 702 may receive and measure a set of PRSs transmitted from a base station 706 with the assistance of the at least one AI / ML model 708, which may be referred to as “PRS-based measurement(s).” Then, the UE 702 may transmit the PRS-based measurement(s) to a location server 704, such as an LMF. In response, the location server 704 may determine the position of the UE 702 based on the PRS-based measurement(s) (with or without suing an AI / ML model).

[0108] FIG. 8B is a diagram 800B illustrating an example of UE-assisted / LMF-based positioning with LMF-side AI / ML model, direct AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In another implementation, a UE 702 may not include a UE-side AI / ML model, and a location server 704 may use at least one AI / ML model 708 to determine the position of the UE 702. For example, the UE 702 may receive and measure a set of PRSs transmitted from a base station 706, and the UE 702 may transmit the PRS-based measurement(s) to the location server 704, such as an LMF. In response, the location server 704 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 to determine the position of the UE 702 based on the PRS-based measurement(s) from the UE 702.

[0109] FIG. 9 A is a diagram 900 A illustrating an example of network (e.g., NG-RAN) node assisted positioning with gNB-side AI / ML model, AI / ML assisted positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In another implementation, a network node, such as abase station 706, may be associated with atleast one AI / ML model 708, and the base station 706 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 to assist measurement(s) of uplink (UL) reference signals, such as sounding reference signals (SRSs). For example, the UE 702 may transmit a set of SRSs to the b ase station 706, and the base station 706 may receive and measure the set of SRSs (which may129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 33 be referred to as “SRS-based measurement(s)”) with the assistance of the at least one AI / ML model 708. Then, the base station 706 may transmit the SRS-based measurement(s) to the location server 704, such as an LMF. In response, the location server 704 may determine the position of the UE 702 based on the SRS-based measurement(s) from the base station 706 (with or without suing an AI / ML model).

[0110] FIG. 9B is a diagram 900B illustrating an example of network (e.g., NG-RAN) node assisted positioning with LMF-side AI / ML model, direct AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In another implementation, a network node, such as a base station 706, may not include an AI / ML model, and a location server 704 may use at least one AI / ML model 708 to determine the position of a UE 702. For example, the UE 702 may transmit a set of SRSs to the base station 706, and the base station 706 may receive and measurethe set of SRSs. Then, the base station 706 may transmit the SRS-based measurement(s) to the location server 704, such as an LMF. Based on the SRS-based measurement(s) from the base station 706, the location server 704 may use the at least one AI / ML model 708 to determine the position of the UE 702. For purposes of the present disclosure, positioning described in connection with FIGs. 7, 8 A, and 8B may be referred to as AI / ML positioningbased on DL reference signals, and positioning described in connection with FIGs. 9 A and 9B may be referred to as AI / ML positioning based on UL reference signals.[Oil 1] Table 2 below provides an example list of positioningmethods thatmay be supported by a UE and / or a network entity.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 34Table 2 - Example of supported UE positioning methods

[0112] In some implementations, for direct AI / ML positioning as described in connection with FIGs. 8B and 9B, type(s) of measurement(s) that may be used as (suitable / potential) input for AI / ML model inference consideringperformance impact and associated signaling overhead may include channel impulse response (CIR), power delay profile (PDP), reference signal receive power (RSRP), reference signal received path power (RSRPP), and / or reference signal time difference (RSTD), etc. For AI / ML assisted positioning with UE-assisted and network node-assisted positioningdescribed in connection with FIGs. 8 A and 9 A, respectively, measurement report to carry AI / ML model (suitable / potential) output to a location server such as an LMF may include ToA, path phase, RSTD, line-of-sight (LOS) / non-line-of-sight129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 35(NLOS) indicator, RSRPP, and / or soft inf ormation / high resolution of RSTD, etc. In some examples, AI / ML model inference output that may provide performance benefits may include timing estimation (note the report to LMF may be derived based on and maybe different from the model inference output) and / or LOS / NLOS indicator.

[0113] FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of positioning frequency layers (PFLs) in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. A positioning frequency layer (PFL) (or a “frequency layer” in some examples) may refer to a collection of one or more PRS resource sets across one or more TRPs that have the same values for certain parameters. A PFL may include one or more TRPs, and each TRP in the one or more TRPs may include one or more resource sets, and each resource set in the one or more resource sets may include one or more PRS resources, etc. For example, as shown at 1002, a first PFL (positioning frequency layer 1) may include M PRS resource sets (e.g., PRS resource set 1 to PRS resource set M), and each PRS resource set of the M PRS resource sets may include N PRS resources (e.g, PRS resource 1 to PRS resource N). Similarly, as shown at 1004, a LthPFL (positioning frequency layer L) may also include M PRS resource sets (e.g., PRS resource set 1 to PRS resource set M), and each PRS resource set of the M PRS resource sets may also include N PRS resources (e.g., PRS resource 1 to PRS resource N), etc. In some examples, the collection of PRS resource sets may have the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., meaning all numerologies supported for PDSCHs are also supported for PRS), the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the same start PRB (and center frequency), and / or the same combsize, etc. In some examples, a downlink PRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, with a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs. In other examples, up to four frequency layers may be configured, and up to two PRS resource sets may be configured per TRP per frequency layer.

[0114] In some implementations, the concept of a PFL may be similar to a component carrier (CC) and a BWP, where CCs and BWPs may be used by one base station (or a macro cell base station and a small cell base station) to transmit data channels, while PFLs may be used by multiple (e.g., three or more) base stations to transmit PRS. A UE may indicate the number of PFLs it is capable of supporting when the UE sends the network its positioning capabilities, such as duringa positioningprotocol session. For129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 36 example, a UE may indicate whether it is capable of supporting one, two, three, or four PFLs.

[0115] A UE may receive a plurality of PRS resources from multiple TRPs via multiple PFLs.For example, multiple PFLs may be suitable for an operation on multiple sites and / or targeting different center frequencies or bands. In some examples, if the UE does not have capabilities to process all of the plurality of PRS resources, the UE may be configured to apply a prioritization rule to prioritize measurements of PRS resources. For example, based on the prioritization rule, theUE may be configured to measure a subset of the plurality of PRS resources, and skip measuring another subset of the plurality of PRS resources.

[0116] In some implementations, the parameter “Dl-PRS-ID” may be used for indicating an ID that corresponds to a PFL, the parameter “nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID” may be used for indicating an ID that corresponds to a PRS resource set in an PFL, and the parameter “nr-DL-PRS-ResourcelD” may be used for indicating an ID that corresponds to a PRS resource in a PRS resource set. A UE may be configured to expect that it will be configured with Dl-PRS-ID each of which is defined such that it is associated with multiple DL PRS resource sets. The UE may also be configured to expectthatone of these Dl-PRS-ID along with a nr-DL-PRS-ResourceSetID and anr- DL-PRS-ResourcelD may be used to uniquely identify a DL PRS resource. In addition, the UE may also be configured by the network work with parameters nr- PhysCelllD, nr-CellGloballD, and nr-ARTCN associated with a Dl-PRS-ID. Table 3 below shows an example list of parameters that may be associated with a PRS resource set and a PRS resource.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 37'able 3 - Example list of parameters associated with a PRS resource set and a PRS resource

[0117] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of time window measurements in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some implementations, a UE may be configured with a time window for measuring the PRS resource set(s). For example, as shown at 1102, an information element (IE) NR-DL-PRS- MeasurementTimeWindow sConfig may provide a set of indicated time window(s) which is configured from a server to a target UE or PRU to perform measurements on indicated DL PRS resource set(s) occurring within indicated time window(s) for DL CPP, DL-TDOA, Multi-RTT and / or DL-AoD, etc. Table 4 below shows an example list of fields that may be associated with the IE NR-DL-PRS- MeasurementTime Window sConfig.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 38129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 39Table 4 - Example list of fields that may be associated with the IE NR-DL-PRS- MeasurementTime WindowsConfig

[0118] While a positioning sounding reference signal (SRS) may be configured to support one port transmission (TX), a base station (e.g., a gNB) may support multiport reception (RX) SRS or consider regular multiport TX SRS for measurements (which may be transparent to a UE). An SRS configuration (e.g., an IE “SRS-Config”) may be used to configure SRS transmissions for a UE. The configuration may define a list of SRS-Resources, a list of SRS-PosResources, a list of SRS-PosRe source Sets and a list of SRS-Re source Sets. Each resource set may define a set of SRS-Resources or SRS-PosResources. The network may trigger the transmission of the set of SRS- Resources or SRS-PosResources using a configured aperiodicSRS-ResourceTrigger (LI DCI). The network may not configure SRS specific power control parameters alpha (without suffix) or pathlossReferenceRS if unifiedTCI-StateType is configured for the serving cell.

[0119] FIG. 12 is a communication flow 1200 illustration an example of a UE assistance information (UAI) framework in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. UAI may refer to a (radio resource control (RRC)) framework / mechanism for wireless communication networks that enables a UE to actively communicate its status (e.g., real-time and / or internal status, etc.) to a network entity (e.g., to a base station). This may enable the network entity to provide a dynamic resource allocation (e.g., to adjust data / control resources allocated to the UE) based on the UE’s specifications / conditions / current capabilities, leading to a more energy-efficient communication (e.g., may provide better power saving and heatmitigation atthe UE). UAI typically uses a smaller overhead and may be initiated by a UE when compared to a regular RRC UE capability exchange, which may be configured to be triggered just by a base station.

[0120] For example, as shown at 1212, in addition to the RRC reconfiguration at 1210, a UE 1202 may proactively inform a network entity 1204 (e.g., a base station / gNB) with certain information (e.g., the internal state of the UE 1202) using an UAI message (and without receiving a request / permission from the network entity 1204 for transmitting this UAI message). Depending on implementations, the UE 1202 may use the UAI message to inform the network entity 1204 one or more of the followings:129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 40 its delay budget report carrying desired increment / decrement in the connected mode discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle length, its overheating assistance information, its in-device coexistence (IDC) assistance information, its desire regarding DRX parameters for power saving, its desire regardingthe maximum aggregated bandwidth for power saving, or its desire regarding the maximum number of secondary component carriers for power saving, its desire regarding the maximum number of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) layers for power saving, its desire regarding the minimum scheduling offset for cross-slot scheduling for power saving, its desire regarding the RRC state, configured grant assistance information for NR sidelink communication, its desire regarding being provisioned with reference time information, its preference for FR2 UL gap, its desire to transition out of RRC connected state for multiple universal subscriber identity modules (MUSIM) operation, its desire regardingthe MUSIM gaps, its desire regardingthe MUSIM gap priority, its desire regarding the MUSIM temporary capability restriction, its relaxation state for radio link monitoring (RLM) measurements, its relaxation state for beam failure detection (BFD) measurements, availability of data and / or signaling mapped to radio bearers which are not configured for small data transmission (SDT), its desire for the secondary cell group (SCG) to be deactivated, availability of uplink data to transmit for a data radio bearer (DRB) for which there is no master cell group (MCG) radio link control (RLC) bearer while the SCG is deactivated, change of its fulfilment status for radio resource management (RRM) measurement relaxation criterion, service link propagation delay difference between serving cell and neighbor cell(s), its desire regarding multi-Rx operation for FR2, availability of flight path information for Aerial UE operation, UL traffic information, the information of the relay UE(s) with which it connects, and / or configured grant assistance information for NR sidelink positioning, etc.

[0121] FIG. 13 is a diagram 1300 illustrating an example data monitoring related to AI / ML air interface and AI / ML positioning in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In some implementations, as shown at 1306, in addition to performing AI / ML data training at 1302 and / or data inf erencing at 1304, an AI / ML model may also be configured to perform data monitoring. For purposes of the present disclosure, at a high-level, AI / ML performance monitoring, AI / ML model monitor, and / or AI / ML data monitoring, etc. (collectively as “AI / ML monitoring” hereafter) may129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 41 refer to monitoring the overall quality of at least one AI / ML model, which may also include monitoring inputs for the at least one AI / ML model and / or outputs from the at least one AI / ML model. For example, AI / ML monitoring may include monitoring the accuracy of positioning or positioning measurements performed by an AI / ML model, monitoring data that is used for training an AI / ML model, monitoring whether an AI / ML model is suitable under a set of specified conditions or under a specified environment, etc. There may be a variety of configurations for AI / ML model monitoring in lifecycle management, which may include: (1) monitoring based on inference accuracy (including metrics related to intermediate key performance indicators (KPIs)), (2) monitoring based on system performance (including metrics related to system performance KPIs), (3) monitoringbased on data distribution, which may be input-based, e.g., monitoring the validity of the AI / ML input, e.g., out-of- distribution detection, drift detection of input data, or SNR, delay spread, etc., and / or output-based: e.g., drift detection of output data, (4) monitoring based on applicable condition. The monitoring metric calculation may be performed at the network (e.g, an LMF, a base station, etc.) or at the UE.

[0122] AI / ML positioning has shown to provide an excellent positioning accuracy in stringent NLOS conditions compared to non-AI / ML positioning. While a UE may support one or more AI / ML positioning models (e.g., as discussed in connection with FIGs. 7 and 8A), depending on the internal status of the UE (e.g., battery, memory, processing, etc.), the UE may not be able to support some AI / ML positioning features / functionalities (including the whole operation of an AI / ML model), some resources (e.g., reference signals) related to measurements for AI / ML model input (e.g., as described in connection with FIGs. 7, 8 A, 8B, 9 A, and 9B), and / or reporting of some measurements related to AI / ML model input (e.g., as described in connection with FIG. 8B) and / or output (as described in connection with FIG. 8A). In some examples, while this discontinuity in the support of the AI / ML model or subset of input / output features / functionalities by a UE may be intermittent and for short period of time, the discontinuity may trigger / specify a network entity (e.g., a base station / TRP) to pause sending related reference signals (RSs) to the UE or to pause expectingreceive SRS signals from theUE (e.g., pause expectingtheUE to send SRS signals). As such, in some scenarios, the UE may be requested / demanded to inform the network entity about its recommended settings (e.g., RS settings) for AI / ML129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 42 positioning operation that account for a temporary change in the internal status of the UE. Although a UE may be able to report its status / capabilities using an LTE positioning protocol (LPP) capability procedure for indicating such change, the process may be slow and resource consuming as it specifies / demands communication(s) with a network entity (e.g., a base station) via a location server (e.g., an LMF).

[0123] Aspects presented herein may improve the overall performance and efficiency of AI / ML positioningrelated operations (e.g., training, inferencing, data collection, etc.) by enabling a UE to inform its status (e.g., current internal status, conditions, settings, etc.) actively / proactively. For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a UE may be configured to use an UAI framework to signal a network entity (e.g., a base station) directly with some desired / updated / recommended configurations related to AI / ML positioning, such as desired / updated / recommended RS configuration(s). In response, the network entity may indicate to the UE whether the desired / updated / recommended configurations are accepted or not supported, or ignoring the desired / updated / recommended configurations. Thus, aspects presented herein may significantly reduce the signaling overhead and latency between the UE and the network entity with regards to UE status reporting and RS configurations) related to AI / ML positioning.

[0124] FIG. 14 is a communication flow 1400 illustrating an example procedure of enabling a UE to proactively recommend a network entity (e.g., a base station, a TRP, etc.) with configuration(s) related to AI / ML positioning operation(s) based on the (internal) status of theUEin accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numberings associated with the communication flow 1400 do not specify a particular temporal order and are merely used as references for the communication flow 1400.

[0125] Aspects described herein may provide an enhanced / improved signaling (e.g., RRC signaling) between a UE and a network entity (e.g., a base station) in which the UE may have the capability to indicate to the network entity a set of updated / desired configurations related to AI / ML positioning input and output operation during inference, data collection, and monitoring. For purposes of the present disclosure, the AI / ML positioning described herein may correspond to at least one AI / ML model running at UE side, base station side, or LMF side, such as described in connection129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 43 with FIGs. 7, 8 A, 8B, 9 A, and 9B. The indication of the set of updated / desired configurations may be triggered by the change of (internal) status of UE (e.g., battery, memory, processing, etc.) that demands a reduction / increase in configuration(s) with respectto a set of capability baseline configurations to meetthe limitations / constraints of the UE’s (internal) status. Depending on the implementations, the enhanced / improved signaling may be part of the UAI framework as described in connection with FIG. 12, sentby the UE without receiving a requestfrom the network entity, and / or rolled back by the UE (e.g., the UE may send an updated indicator to request the network entity to cancel the set of updated / desired configurations). In response, the network entity may reduce / increase configuration(s) and / or transmission / reception of reference signals as indicated in the set of updated / desired configurations.

[0126] As anillustration, at 1410, aUE 1402 may detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML positioning, whether there is a change in a status of the UE 1402 (which may be an internal status of theUE 1402). An operation associated with AI / ML positioning may include an inference operation, a data collection operation, and / or a monitoring operation. The status of the UE 1402 may include the processing capability, the battery power, and / or the memory availability of the UE related to the AI / ML positioning. As such, a change in the status of the UE 1402 may refer to a change in the processing capability, the battery power, and / or the memory availability of theUE 1402 related to the AI / ML positioning (e.g., related to the operation associated with AI / ML positioning).

[0127] At 1412, if the UE 1402 detects a change in the status of the UE 1402, the UE 1402 may transmit, to a network entity 1404 (e.g., a (serving) base station, a TRP, etc.), an indication of a set of (updated / desired) configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. For example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning may include a set of reference signals to be used for determining an input or an output of the AI / ML positioning where the set of reference signals may include a set of positioning reference signals (PRS), a set of sounding reference signals (SRS), a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSB), a set of channel state information reference signals (CSLRS), a set of tracking reference signal (TRS), or a combination thereof.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 44

[0128] In some examples, as shown at 1414, the UE 1402 may also be configured to determine whether the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demands the UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations related to its capabilities (e.g., whether the change in the status meets a set of capability baseline configurations, meets a set of performance thresholds, and / or impacts the performance of the UE 1402 significantly, etc.). Then, the transmission of the indication may further be based on the UE 1402 determining that the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demands the UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations. In other words, the transmission of the indication maybe further based on the determination at 1414. In addition, the UE 1402 may transmit the indication of the set of configurations to the network entity 1404 via at least one UE assistance information (UAI) message such as described in connection with FIG. 12.

[0129] At 1416, after receiving the indication of the set of configurations from the UE 1402, the network entity 1404 may transmit, to the UE 1402, an indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted by the network entity 1404, or is not accepted / supported by the network entity 1404. For example, the network entity 1404 may transmit, to the UE 1402, a confirmation message thatthe set of (updated / desired) configurations are accepted, or a message that indicates the set of (updated / desired) configurations cannotbe supported, etc. In some configurations, as shown at 1418, the network entity 1404 may also ignore / discard the indication of the set of configurations by not taking action(s), which may occur when the networkentity 1404 is unable to support the set of configurations.

[0130] At 1420, if the network entity accepts the set of configurations indicated by the UE 1402, the network entity 1404 may modify one or more configurations related to the AI / ML positioning for the UE 1402. For example, the one or more configurations related to the AI / ML positioning may include a set of reference signals to be transmitted or received by the UE 1402 for the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. Note depending on implementations, in some examples, the UE 1402 may be configured to indicate / transmit one updated / desired configuration at a time, and the network entity 1404 may inform the UE 1402 whether that updated / desired configuration is accepted / rejectedby the network entity 1404. In some examples, the UE 1402 may be configured to indicate / transmit multiple updated / desired configurations (e.g., for different capabilities described below) at a time, and the129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 45 network entity 1404 may be configured to inform the UE 1402 whether the multiple / all updated / desired configurations are accepted / rejected by the network entity 1404, or whether a subset of the multiple updated / desired configurations are accepted / rejected by the network entity 1404, etc.

[0131] In some examples, at 1422, the UE 1402 may have the capability to roll back to a previous / default configuration(s). For example, the UE 1402 may transmit, to the network entity 1404, an indication (e.g., an updated indication) to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. At 1424, in response to the indication to cancel the set of configurations, the network entity 1404 may revert the one or more configurations (e.g., the one or more configurations modified at 1420) to a previous / default setting.

[0132] In one aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations (e.g, transmitted by the UE 1402 at 1412) may include a validity timer and / or a validity area associated with the set of configurations. The validity timer may include timer information or a window duration that is indicative of when and how long the set of configurations is to be applied by the network entity 1404 (if it is accepted). For example, the validity timer may indicate that the set of configurations are specified for the next X minutes, Y hours, Z days, and / or M weeks, etc. As such, the set of configurations may have a periodicity or semi-persistence consideration of hourly, daily, weekly basis, and the timer or duration may be also expressed in frame, subframe, slot, OFDM symbol number, or coordinated universal time (UTC) timing format, etc. The validity area may include area information for which the set of configurations is to be considered (e.g. , the set of configurations is to be applied when the UE 1402 is at specified area(s)). For example, the validity area may be expressed as a listing of cell IDs, physical IDs, global IDs, or expressed in explicit area information of longitude / latitude / elevation information.

[0133] In another aspect of the present disclosure, if the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning includes data collection for at least one AI / ML positioning model, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication of whether label / labelingis available / supportable atthe UE 1402. For example, the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) label / labeling (ground truth or approximate ground truth) is available forthe AI / ML positioning, (2) label / labeling (ground truth or approximate ground truth) is not available forthe AI / ML positioning, (3) label / labeling (ground129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 46 truth or approximate ground truth) can be collected for the AI / ML positioning (if the label is already available), and / or (4) label / labeling (ground truth or approximate ground truth) cannot be collected for the AI / ML positioning (if the label is available but cannot be collected). For purposes of the present disclosure, “label / labeling” or “ground truth label / labeling” may refer to deriving / estimating a location of a UE by an entity (e.g., by the UE itself or by a network entity). For example, “label / labeling” may be configured to be a model output which provides / inferences the ground truth location of a UE (or approximation of the location) or ground truth positioning measurements (e.g., RSTD, UE Rx-Tx time difference, LOS indicator, RTOA, etc.) related to UE or its approximation. As such, label / labeling for data collection for at least one AI / ML positioning model may refer to associating an (estimated) location of the UE 1402 with the data to be collected. Based on the label / labeling indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the label / labeling indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the label / labeling indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to label / labeling of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applying the label / labeling indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0134] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication of whether high quality measurements (e.g., measurements that exceed a quality threshold) are available / supportable at the UE 1402. For example, the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) high quality measurements are available for AI / ML positioning, (2) high quality measurements are not available for AI / ML positioning, (3) high quality measurements can be collected by the UE 1402 for AI / ML positioning (e.g., measurements are available and can be collected), or (4) high quality measurements cannotbe collected by the UE 1402 for AI / ML positioning (e.g., measurements are available but cannotbe collected). Based on the measurement quality indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the measurement quality indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the measurement quality indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to measurement quality of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applying the measurement quality indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 47

[0135] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication of data collection status at the UE 1402. For example, the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) UE 1402 can be considered for data collection for AI / ML positioning, (2) UE 1402 cannot be considered for data collection for AI / ML positioning, (3) UE 1402 can buffer data for X future measurements, Y future seconds / minutes / hours / days, and / or Z megabytes of data for AI / ML positioning, etc., (4) an updated / desired buffer status of data collection for AI / ML positioning, or (5) an updated / desired data collection size, periodicity / update rate, start / stop timing. Based on the data collection status indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to acceptthe data collection status indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the data collection status indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to data collection status of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applyingthe data collection status indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0136] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication of data collection for monitoring at the UE 1402 (e.g., as discussed in connection with FIG. 13). For example, the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (l) an updated / desired monitoring approach supported atUE 1402 (e.g, label-based monitoring, label-free monitoring, etc.), or (2) an updated / desired monitoring metric and statistics, etc. Based on the data collection for monitoring indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the data collection for monitoring indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the data collection for monitoring indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to data collection for monitoring of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applyingthe data collection for monitoring indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0137] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication related to life cycle management (LCM) of an AI / ML model and / or a joint operation of other AI / ML models (e.g., beam management (BM) and channel state information (CSI) feedback, etc. For example, the UE 1402 may indicate atleast one of (1) an updated / desired AI / ML positioningmodel / functionality availability at the UE 1402, (2) an updated / desired number of AI / ML models to129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 48 maintain at the UE 1402 for AI / ML positioning (e.g., number of activated AI / ML models), or (3) an updated / desired number of AI / ML models to maintain at the UE 1402 for joint AI / ML positioning and AI / ML BM / CSI (e.g., for activated AI / ML models). Based on the LCM / joint operation indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the LCM / joint operation indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the LCM / joint operation indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to LCM / joint operation of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applying the LCM / joint operation indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0138] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication related to input and / or output of AI / ML positioning model(s). For example, the indication may be related to positioning measurements (e.g., transmitting positioning SRS or simply uplink (UL) reference signals (RSs)), where the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) an updated / desired number of UL component carriers (CCs) with AI / ML positioning, (2) an updated / desired number of positioning SRS resources per bandwidth (BW) with AI / ML positioning, (3) an updated / desired number of positioning SRS resource sets per BW with AI / ML positioning, (4) an updated / desired number of positioning SRS resource sets per BW per slot with AI / ML positioning, (5) an updated / desired periodicity, start, duration, and / or offsets related to positioning SRS with AI / ML positioning, (6) an updated / desired positioning SRS comb offset with AI / ML positioning, (7) an updated / desired positioning SRS cyclic shift with AI / ML positioning, (8) an updated / desired positioning SRS resource mapping (e.g., start, number of symbols, etc.) with AI / ML positioning, (9) an updated / desired positioning SRS frequency domain shift with AI / ML positioning, (10) an updated / desired BW of positioning SRS with AI / ML positioning, (11) an updated / desired support for open loop power control based on positioning SRS with AI / ML positioning, (12) an updated / desired number of positioning SRS based path loss estimates with AI / ML positioning, (13) UL BW aggregation - an updated / desired BW aggregation of positioning SRS positioning with AI / ML positioning (e.g., an updated / desired number of carriers (intra-band contiguous), a number of carriers inter-band, a number of aggregated resource sets, aggregated resource [periodic / aperiodic / semi / semi per slot / ], guard period, etc.), (14)129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 49UL transmission (TX) hopping - an updated / desired TX positioning SRS hopping with AI / ML positioning (e.g., an updated / desired BW across all hops, BW across all hops per band, BW of positioning SRS of one hop, the number of hops, the time specified to return to original resource after TX hopping, switching between active bandwidth part (BWP) and other BWP while TX hopping, periodicity when TX hopping, etc.).

[0139] In another example, the indication may be related to reception of PRS (or simply downlink (DL) RS) and reporting their measurements (e.g., as AI / ML model input or output), where the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) an updated / desired number of DL CCs with AI / ML positioning, (2) an updated / desired PRS resources per resource set for AI / ML positioning, (3) an updated / desired number of PRS resource set per TRP for AI / ML positioning, (4) an updated / desired number of PRS resources per PFL for AI / ML positioning, (5) an updated / desired number of TRPs for AI / ML positioning, (6) an updated / desired number of PFLs for AI / ML positioning (7) an updated / desired PRS resource / PRS resource set / TRPs / PFLs for AI / ML positioning, (8) an updated / desired PRS time window measurements (e.g., the start time, periodicity, offset, duration, etc.) for AI / ML positioning, (9) DL reception (RX) BW aggregation - an updated / desired aggregated bandwidth for AI / ML positioning PRS, or (10) DL RX hopping - an updated / desired DL RX hopping with AI / ML positioning (e.g., PRS BW across all frequency hops FR1, PRS BW across all frequency hops FR2, number of DL RX PRS frequency hops, number of overlapping physical resource block (PRB) for frequency hops, frequency hops, etc.).

[0140] In another example, the indication may be related to processing and gaps (e.g., measurements gaps (MGs)) for receiving PRS (or simply DL RS) or transmitting positioning SRS (or simply UL RS)), where the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of: (1) an updated / desired / requested gap (e.g., length, periodicity, offset, etc.) for performing AI / ML measurements / location, or (2) an updated / desired processing duration per transmitting / receiving reference signals for AI / ML positioning, etc. In some examples, the UE 1402 may be allowed withjust MG based, or PRS processing window (PPW) based, or both. For example, as a capability, the UE 1402 may support both MG and PPW. However, due to some limitation(s), the UE 1402 may be specified / configured to temporary block the MG or the PPW.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 50

[0141] Based on the AI / ML positioning model input / output indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the AI / ML positioning model input / output indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the AI / ML positioning model input / output indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to AI / ML positioning model input / output of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applyingthe AI / ML positioning model input / output indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0142] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the indication of the set of configurations may include an indication of how existing UAI signaling of the UE 1402 is related to the AI / ML positioning operation(s). For example, the UE 1402 may indicate at least one of : (1 ) its delay budget report carrying desired increment / decrement in the (RRC) connected mode discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle length with AI / ML positioning, (2) its overheating assistance information with AI / ML positioning, (3) its IDC assistance information with AI / ML positioning, (4) its desire regarding DRX parameters for power saving with AI / ML positioning, (5) its desire regarding the maximum aggregated bandwidth for power saving with AI / ML positioning, (6) its desire regarding the maximum number of secondary component carriers for power saving with AI / ML positioning, (7) configured grant assistance information for NR sidelink positioning with AI / ML positioning, (8) its desire regarding the maximum number of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) layers for power saving with AI / ML positioning, (9) its desire regarding the minimum scheduling offset for crossslot schedulingforpowersavingwith AI / ML positioning, (10) its desire regardingthe RRC state with AI / ML positioning, (11) configured grant assistance information for NR sidelink communication with AI / ML positioning, (12) its desire regarding being provisioned with reference time information with AI / ML positioning, (13) its preference for FR2 UL gap with AI / ML positioning, (14) its desire to transition out ofRRC connected state for MUSIM operation with AI / ML positioning, (15) its desire regarding the MUSIM gaps with AI / ML positioning, (16) its desire regarding the MUSIM gap priority with AI / ML positioning, (17) its desire regarding the MUSIM temporary capability restriction with AI / ML positioning, (18) its relaxation state for RLM measurements with AI / ML positioning, (19) its relaxation state for BFD measurements with AI / ML positioning, (20) an availability of data and / or signaling129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 51 mapped to radio bearers which are not configured for SDT with AI / ML positioning (21) its desire for the SCG to be deactivated with AI / ML positioning, (22) an availability of uplink data to transmit for a DRB for which there is no MCG RLC bearer while the SCG is deactivated with AI / ML positioning, (23) a change of its fulfilment status for RRM measurement relaxation criterion with AI / ML positioning (24) a service link propagation delay difference between serving cell and neighbor cell(s) with AI / ML positioning, (25) its desire regarding multi-Rx operation for FR2 with AI / ML positioning, (26) an availability of flight path information for aerial UE operation with AI / ML positioning, (26) UL traffic information with AI / ML positioning, or (27) information of relay UE(s) with which it connects via a non-3 GPP connection for multipath (MP) with AI / ML positioning, etc. Based on the existing UAI signaling indication provided by the UE 1402, the network entity 1420 may determine whether to accept the existing UAI signaling indication in the set of configurations. If the network entity 1404 accepts the set of configurations (or the existing UAI signaling indication), the network entity 1404 may modify configuration(s) related to existing UAI signaling of the UE 1402, such as by configuring / applyingthe existing UAI signaling indication provided by the UE 1402 at 1420.

[0143] FIG. 15 is a flowchart 1500 of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a user equipment (UE) (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 602, 702, 1202, 1402; the apparatus 1704). The method may enable a UE to use an UAI framework to signal a network entity (e.g., a base station) directly with some desired / updated configurations related to AI / ML positioning, such as a set of desired / updated RS configurations.

[0144] At 1502, the UE may detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1410, a UE 1402 may detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML positioning, a change in a status of the UE 1402 (which may be an internal status of the UE 1402). An operation associated with AI / ML positioning may include an inf erence operation, a data collection operation, and / or a monitoring operation. The detection of the change in the status of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 52 baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0145] In one example, the status includes at least one of : a processing capability related to the AI / ML-based positioning, abattery power related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or a memory availability relevant to the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0146] In another example, the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0147] At 1506, the UE may transmit, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1412, if the UE 1402 detects a change in the status of the UE 1402, the UE 1402 may transmit, to a network entity 1404 (e.g., a (serving) base station, a TRP, etc.), an indication of a set of (updated / desired) configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. The transmission of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0148] In one example, to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the UE may be configured to transmit, via an UAI message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0149] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning. In some implementations, the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of PRS, a set of SRS, a set of SSB, a set of CSLRS, or a set of TRS.

[0150] In another example, the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0151] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 53

[0152] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model LCM or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0153] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of SRS, a reception of PRSs and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0154] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0155] In another example, the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0156] In another example, to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the UE may be configured to transmit, to a base station, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0157] In another example, the UE may determine that the change in the status of the UE specifies the UE to modify one or more configurations related to capabilities of the UE, where transmission of the indication is further based on the determination, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1414, the UE 1402 may also be configured to determine whether the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demands the UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations related to its capabilities (e.g., whether the change in the status meets a set of capability baseline configurations, meets a set of performance thresholds, and / or impacts the performance of the UE 1402 significantly, etc.). Then, the transmission of the indication may further be based on the UE 1402 determining that the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demands the UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations. The determination may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / orthe application processor(s) 1706 of the apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 54

[0158] In another example, the UE may receive, based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1416, the UE 1402 may receive, from the network entity 1404, an indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted by the network entity 1404, or is not accepted / supported by the network entity 1404. The reception of the confirmation or the second indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0159] In another example, the UE may transmit a second indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1422, the UE 1402 may have the capability to roll back to a previous / default configuration(s). For example, the UE 1402 may transmit, to the network entity 1404, an indication (e.g., an updated indication) to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. The transmission of the second indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 of the apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0160] FIG. 16 is a flowchart 1600 of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a user equipment (UE) (e.g., the UE 104, 404, 602, 702, 1202, 1402; the apparatus 1704). The method may enable a UE to use an UAI framework to signal a network entity (e.g., a base station) directly with some desired / updated configurations related to AI / ML positioning, such as a set of desired / updated RS configurations.

[0161] At 1602, the UE may detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1410, a UE 1402 may detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML positioning, a change in a status of the UE 1402 (which may be an internal status of the UE 1402). An operation associated with AI / ML positioning may include an inference operation, a data collection operation, and / or a monitoring operation. The detection of the change in the status of the UE may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 55 configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0162] In one example, the status includes at least one of : a processing capability related to the AI / ML-based positioning, abattery power related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or a memory availability relevant to the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0163] In another example, the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0164] At 1606, the UE may transmit, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1412, if the UE 1402 detects a change in the status of the UE 1402, the UE 1402 may transmit, to a network entity 1404 (e.g., a (serving) base station, a TRP, etc.), an indication of a set of (updated / desired) configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. The transmission of the indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0165] In one example, to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the UE may be configured to transmit, via an UAI message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0166] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning. In some implementations, the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of PRS, a set of SRS, a set of SSB, a set of CSLRS, or a set of TRS.

[0167] In another example, the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0168] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 56 positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0169] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model LCM or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0170] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of SRS, a reception of PRSs and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0171] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0172] In another example, the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0173] In another example, to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the UE may be configured to transmit, to a base station, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0174] In another example, as shown at 1604, the UE may determine that the change in the status of the UE specifies the UE to modify one or more configurations related to capabilities of the UE, where transmission of the indication is further based on the determination, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1414, the UE 1402 may also be configured to determine whether the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demandsthe UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations related to its capabilities (e.g., whether the change in the status meets a set of capability baseline configurations, meets a set of performance thresholds, and / or impacts the performance of the UE 1402 significantly, etc.). Then, the transmission of the indication may further be based onthe UE 1402 determining that the change in the status of the UE 1402 specifies / demands the UE 1402 to modify one or more configurations. The determination may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 57 baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0175] In another example, as shown at 1608, the UE may receive, based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1416, the UE 1402 may receive, from the network entity 1404, an indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted by the network entity 1404, or is not accepted / supported by the network entity 1404. The reception of the confirmation or the second indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 ofthe apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0176] In another example, as shown at 1610, the UE may transmit a second indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML- based positioning, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1422, the UE 1402 may have the capability to roll back to a previous / default configuration(s). For example, the UE 1402 may transmit, to the network entity 1404, an indication (e.g., an updated indication) to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. The transmission of the second indication may be performed by, e.g., the AI / ML configuration indication component 198, the transceiver(s) 1722, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, and / or the application processor(s) 1706 of the apparatus 1704 in FIG. 17.

[0177] FIG. 17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1704. The apparatus 1704 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1704 may include at least one cellular baseband processor 1724 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1722 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 may include at least one on-chip memory 1724'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1704 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1720 and at least one application processor 1706 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1708 and a screen 1710. The application processor(s) 1706 may include on-chip memory 1706'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1704 may further include a Bluetooth module 1712, a WLAN module 1714, an ultrawide band (UWB)129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 58 module 1738 (e.g., a UWB transceiver), an SPS module 1716 (e.g., GNSS module), one or more sensors 1718 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU), gyroscope, and / or accelerometer(s); light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio assisted detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning), additional memory modules 1726, a power supply 1730, and / oracamera 1732. The Bluetooth module 1712, the UWB module 1738, the WLAN module 1714, and the SPS module 1716 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1712, the WLAN module 1714, and the SPS module 1716 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1780 for communication. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 communicates through the transceiver(s) 1722 via one or more antennas 1780 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1702. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1724', 1706', respectively. The additional memory modules 1726 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1724', 1706', 1726 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 are each responsible for general processing, includingthe execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706, causes the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processors) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory. That is, the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706 may be configuredto perform a first subset of the various functions described supra with out information storedin the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processors) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 / application processor(s) 1706 may be a component of the UE 350129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 59 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1704 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and / or the application processor(s) 1706, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1704 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1704.

[0178] As discussed supra, the AI / ML configuration indication component 198 may be configured to detect, during an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE. The AI / ML configuration indication component 198 may also be configured to transmit, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning. The AI / ML configuration indication component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724, the application processor(s) 1706, or both the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and the application processor(s) 1706. The AI / ML configuration indication component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1704 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1704, and in particular the cellular baseband processor(s) 1724 and / or the application processor(s) 1706, may include means for detecting, during an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE. The apparatus 1704 may further include means for transmitting, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0179] In one configuration, the status includes at least one of : a processing capability related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a battery power related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or a memory availability relevant to the AI / ML-based positioning.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 60

[0180] In another configuration, the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0181] In another configuration, the means for transmitting the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation may include configuring the apparatus 1704 to transmit, via an UAI message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0182] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning. In some implementations, the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of PRS, a set of SRS, a set of SSB, a set of CS RS, or a set of TRS.

[0183] In another configuration, the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0184] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of : label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0185] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model LCM or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0186] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of SRS, a reception of PRSs and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0187] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0188] In another configuration, the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 61

[0189] In another configuration, the means for transmitting the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation may include configuring the apparatus 1704 to transmit, to a base station, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0190] In another configuration, the apparatus 1704 may further include means for determining that the change in the status of the UE specifies the UE to modify one or more configurations related to capabilities of the UE, where transmission of the indication is further based on the determination.

[0191] In another configuration, the apparatus 1704 may further include means for receiving based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported.

[0192] In another configuration, the apparatus 1704 may further include means for transmitting a second indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0193] The means may be the AI / ML configuration indication component 198 of the apparatus 1704 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1704 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0194] FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a network entity (e.g., the base station 102, 706; the network entity 1204, 1404, 1902). The method may enable the network entity (e.g., a base station) to directly receive a set of desired / updated configurations related to AI / ML positioning from the UE via an UAI framework.

[0195] At 1802, the network entity may receive, from a UE, a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1412, the network entity 1404 (e.g., a (serving) base station, a TRP, etc.) may receive, from the UE 1402, an indication of a set of (updated / desired) configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML positioning. The reception of the first indication may be performed by, e.g., the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199, the129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 62 transceiver(s) 1946, the RU processor(s) 1942, the DU processor(s) 1932, and / or the CU processor(s) 1912, of the network entity 1902 in FIG. 19.

[0196] At 1804, the network entity may transmit, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refrain from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication, such as described in connection with FIG. 14. For example, at 1416, after receiving the indication of the set of configurations from the UE 1402, the network entity 1404 may transmit, to the UE 1402, an indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted by the network entity 1404, or is not accepted / supported by the network entity 1404. For example, the network entity 1404 may transmit, to the UE 1402, a confirmation message that the set of (updated / desired) configurations are accepted, or a message that indicates the set of (updated / desired) configurations cannot be supported, etc. In some configurations, as shown at 1418, the network entity 1404 may also ignore / discard the indication of the set of configurations by not taking action(s), which may occur when the network entity 1404 is unable to support the set of configurations. The transmission of the second indication may be performed by, e.g., the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199, the transceiver(s) 1946, the RU processor(s) 1942, the DU processor(s) 1932, and / or the CU processor(s) 1912, of the network entity 1902 in FIG. 19.

[0197] In one example, the second indication indicates the set of configurations is accepted, the network entity may further modify, based on the first indication, one or more configurations related to the AI / ML-based positioning for the UE. In some implementations, the one or more configurations are related to at least one of a first set of reference signals to be transmitted by the UE ora second set of reference signals to be received by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning. In some implementations, the network entity may receive, from the UE, a third indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning, and revert the one or more configurations to a previous setting.

[0198] In another example, the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 63

[0199] In another example, to receive the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the network entity may be configured to receive, via an UAI message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0200] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0201] In another example, the set of reference signals includes at least one of a set of PRS, a set of SRS, a set of S SB, a set of CSI-RS, or a set of TRS.

[0202] In another example, the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0203] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0204] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model LCM or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0205] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of SRS measurements, a reception of PRS and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0206] In another example, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0207] In another example, the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0208] FIG. 19 is a diagram 1900 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1902. The network entity 1902 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1902 may include at least one of a CU 1910, a DU 1930, or an RU 1940. For example, depending on the layer129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 64 functionality handled by the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199, the network entity 1902 may include the CU 1910; both the CU 1910 and the DU 1930; each of the CU 1910, the DU 1930, and the RU 1940; the DU 1930; both the DU 1930 and the RU 1940; or the RU 1940. The CU 1910 may include at least one CU processor 1912. The CU processor(s) 1912 may include on-chip memory 1912'. In some aspects, the CU 1910 may further include additional memory modules 1914 and a communicationsinterface 1918. The CU 1910 communicates with the DU 1930 through a midhaul link, such as an Fl interface. The DU 1930 may include at least one DU processor 1932. The DU processor(s) 1932 may include on-chip memory 1932'. In some aspects, the DU 1930 may further include additional memory modules 1934 and a communications interface 1938. TheDU 1930 communicates with the RU 1940 through a fronthaul link. The RU 1940 may include at least one RU processor 1942. The RU processor(s) 1942 may include on-chip memory 1942'. In some aspects, the RU 1940 may further include additional memory modules 1944, one or more transceivers 1946, antennas 1980, and a communications interface 1948. The RU 1940 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory 1912', 1932', 1942' and the additional memory modules 1914, 1934, 1944 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 1912, 1932, 1942 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer- readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor(s) causes the processor(s) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor(s) when executing software.

[0209] As discussed supra, the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 may b e configured to receive, from a UE, a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning. The UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 may also be configured to transmit, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refrain from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication. The UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 1910, DU 1930, and the RU 1940. The UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 may be one or more129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 65 hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1902 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1902 may include means for receiving, from a UE, a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning. The network entity 1902 may further include means for transmitting, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or means for refraining from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication.

[0210] In one configuration, the second indication indicates the set of configurations is accepted, the network entity 1902 may further include means for modifying, based on the first indication, one or more configurations related to the AI / ML-based positioning for the UE. In some implementations, the one or more configurations are related to at least one of a first set of reference signals to be transmitted by the UE or a second set of reference signals to be received by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning. In some implementations, the network entity 1902 may further include means for receiving, from the UE, a third indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning, and means for reverting the one or more configurations to a previous setting.

[0211] In another configuration, the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0212] In another configuration, the means for receiving the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation may include configuring the network entity 1902 to receive, via an UAI message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 66

[0213] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0214] In another configuration, the set of reference signals includes at least one of : a set of PRS, a set of SRS, a set of SSB, a set of CSLRS, or a set of TRS.

[0215] In another configuration, the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0216] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0217] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model LCM or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0218] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of SRS measurements, a reception of PRS and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0219] In another configuration, the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0220] In another configuration, the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0221] The means may be the UE AI / ML configuration modification component 199 of the network entity 1902 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the network entity 1902 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 67

[0222] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts maybe rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0223] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more.” Terms such as “if,” “when,” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when,” do notimply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, butwithoutrequiringa specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof’ may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, orC. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 68 processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” and the like may notbe a substitute forthe word “means.” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

[0224] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall notbe construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.

[0225] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.

[0226] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting, during an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML)-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE; and transmitting, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 69

[0227] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the status includes at least one of: a processing capability related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a battery power related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or a memory availability relevant to the AI / ML- based positioning.

[0228] Aspect 3 is the method of aspect 1 or aspect 2, wherein the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0229] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 3, further comprising: determining that the change in the status of the UE specifies the UE to modify one or more configurations relatedto capabilities of the UE, wherein transmission of the indication is further based on the determination.

[0230] Aspect 5 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 4, wherein transmitting the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation comprises: transmitting, via at least one UE assistance information (UAI) message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0231] Aspect 6 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 5, further comprising: transmitting a second indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0232] Aspect 7 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 6, further comprising: receiving, based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported.

[0233] Aspect 8 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 7, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML- based positioning.

[0234] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of positioning reference signals (PRS), a set of sounding reference signals (SRS), a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSB), a set of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), or a set of tracking reference signal (TRS).

[0235] Aspect 10 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 9, wherein the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 70

[0236] Aspect 11 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0237] Aspect 12 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model life cycle management (LCM) or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0238] Aspect 13 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of sounding reference signal (SRS), a reception of positioning reference signals (PRSs) and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0239] Aspect 14 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 13, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0240] Aspect 15 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 14, wherein the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0241] Aspect 16 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 15, wherein transmitting the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation comprises: transmitting, to a base station, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0242] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on stored information that is stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0243] Aspect 18 is the apparatus of aspect 17, further including at least one transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 71

[0244] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) including means for implementing any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0245] Aspect 20 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 1 to 16.

[0246] Aspect 21 is a method of wireless communication at a network entity, comprising: receiving, from a user equipment (UE), a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML)-based positioning; and transmitting, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refraining from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication.

[0247] Aspect 22 is the method of aspect 21 , wherein the second indication indicates the set of configurations is accepted, the method further comprising: modifying, based on the first indication, one or more configurations related to the AI / ML-based positioning for the UE.

[0248] Aspect 23 is the method of aspect 21 or aspect 22, wherein the one or more configurations are related to at least one of a first set of reference signals to be transmitted by the UE or a second set of reference signals to be received by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0249] Aspect 24 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 23, further comprising: receiving from the UE, a third indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning; and revertingthe one or more configurations to a previous setting.

[0250] Aspect 25 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 24, wherein the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of : an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

[0251] Aspect26 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 25, wherein receivingthe indication of the set of configurations related to the operation comprises: receiving, via at least one UE assistance information (UAI) message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

[0252] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 26, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 72 ref erence signals to be used fora determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML- based positioning.

[0253] Aspect 28 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 27, wherein the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of positioning reference signals (PRS), a set of sounding reference signals (SRS), a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSB), a set of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), or a set of tracking reference signal (TRS).

[0254] Aspect 29 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 28, wherein the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.

[0255] Aspect 30 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 29, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or data collection for a monitoring operation.

[0256] Aspect 31 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 30, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model life cycle management (LCM) or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

[0257] Aspect 32 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 31 , wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of sounding reference signal (SRS) measurements, a reception of positioning reference signals (PRS) and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

[0258] Aspect 33 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 32, wherein the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

[0259] Aspect 34 is the method of any of aspects 21 to 33, wherein the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurations related to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 73

[0260] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, including: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on stored information that is stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to implement any of aspects 21 to 34.

[0261] Aspect 36 is the apparatus of aspect 35, further including at least one network interface coupled to the at least one processor.

[0262] Aspect 37 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity including means for implementing any of aspects 21 to 34.

[0263] Aspect 38 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code, where the code when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of aspects 21 to 34.129025-2384WO01

Claims

Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 74CLAIMSWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:1 . An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: detect, during an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AI / ML)-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE; and transmit, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the status includes at least one of: a processing capability related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a battery power related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or a memory availability relevant to the AI / ML-based positioning.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: an inference operation, a data collection operation, or a monitoring operation.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: determine that the change in the status of the UE specifies the UE to modify one or more configurations related to capabilities of the UE, wherein transmission of the indication is further based on the determination.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to:129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 75 transmit, via at least one UE assistance information (UAI) message, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: transmit a second indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: receive, based on transmission of the indication, a confirmation for the set of configurations or a second indication that the set of configurations is not supported.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurationsrelated to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a set of reference signals to be used for a determination of an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the set of reference signals includes at least one of: a set of positioning reference signals (PRS), a set of sounding reference signals (SRS), a set of synchronization signal blocks (SSB), a set of channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), or a set of tracking reference signal (TRS).

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the indication further includes at least one of a validity timer or a validity area associated with the set of configurations.11 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurationsrelated to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes at least one of: label information related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a measurement quality related to the AI / ML-based positioning, a data collection status related to the AI / ML-based positioning, or129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 76 data collection for a monitoring operation.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurationsrelated to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations for an AI / ML positioning model life cycle management (LCM) or a joint operation of other AI / ML models.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurationsrelated to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes one or more configurations related to: a transmission of sounding reference signal (SRS), a reception of positioningreference signals (PRSs) and reporting of measurements for the PRSs, or processing of gaps for receiving a set of PRSs or for transmitting a set of SRSs.

14. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurationsrelated to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning includes a list of signaling supported by the UE for the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the set of configurations corresponds to a set of updated or suitable configurationsrelated to an input or an output of the AI / ML-based positioning.

16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein to transmit the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: transmit, to a base station via at least one transceiver, the indication of the set of configurations related to the operation.

17. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: detecting, during an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AIZML)-based positioning, a change in a status of the UE; and129025-2384WO01Qualcomm Ref. No. 2404688WO 77 transmitting, based on detection of the change, an indication of a set of configurations related to the operation associated with AI / ML-based positioning.

18. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to: receive, from a user equipment (UE), a first indication of a set of configurations related to an operation associated with artificial intelligence (Al) or machine learning (ML) (AIZML)-based positioning; and transmit, to the UE, a second indication of whether the set of configurations is accepted or is not supported, or refrain from transmitting the second indication based on the first indication.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the second indication indicates the set of configurations is accepted, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: modify, based on the first indication, one or more configurations related to AI / ML-based positioning for the UE.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to: receive, from the UE, a third indication to cancel the set of configurations related to the operation associated with the AI / ML-based positioning; and revert the one or more configurations to a previous setting.129025-2384WO01

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