Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a configuration of a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) and receives downlink control information (DCI) scheduling a shared channel; and a control unit that determines, on the basis of the configuration and a field value of an antenna port field in the DCI, whether an additional DMRS based on the configuration is applied.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Multiple port reference signals (for example, demodulation reference signals (DMRS)) are used for purposes such as orthogonalizing layers.

[0006] In future wireless communication systems, there are plans to increase the number of DMRS ports beyond existing specifications. However, the configuration and application of DMRS in this case have not been adequately considered. If DMRS is not properly configured and applied, communication throughput and communication quality may deteriorate.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations to which appropriate DMRS is applied.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiving unit that receives a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a shared channel, and a control unit that determines whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, an appropriate DMRS can be applied.

[0010] Figure 1 shows an example of a pre-DMRS and an additional DMRS. Figures 2A and 2B show an example of a DMRS for a DMRS mapping type. Figures 3A and 3B show an example of a single-symbol DMRS. Figures 4A and 4B show an example of a double-symbol DMRS. Figure 5 shows an example of parameters for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 1. Figure 6 shows an example of parameters for PDSCH DMRS configuration type 2. Figure 7 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS configuration type 1. Figure 8 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS configuration type 2. Figure 9 shows an example of a DMRS location table. Figure 10 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-2. Figure 11 shows the second part of an example of antenna port table A-2. Figure 12 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-2A. Figures 13A and 13B show an example of DMRS arrangement according to Embodiment 1, in the case of DMRS extension type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1, and maxLength=1. Figures 14A and 14B show an example of DMRS arrangement according to Embodiment 1, in the case of DMRS type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1, and maxLength=2. Figures 15A and 15B show an example of DMRS arrangement according to Embodiment 2, in the case of DMRS extension type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1, and maxLength=1. Figure 16 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-7. Figure 17 shows the second part of an example of antenna port table A-7. Figure 18 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-7A. Figure 19 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 20 is a diagram showing an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 22 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 23 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] (DMRS) The front-loaded demodulation reference signal (DMRS) is the first (first symbol or near the first symbol) DMRS for faster demodulation (Figure 1). For high-speed mobile terminals (user terminals, User Equipment (UE)) or high modulation and coding scheme (MCS) / rank, {0, 1, 2, 3} additional DMRS can be set by the RRC. The frequency positions of the additional DMRS are the same as the front-loaded DMRS.

[0012] For the time domain, either DMRS mapping type A or B is set. ◆In DMRS mapping type A, DMRS position l_0 is counted by the symbol index in the slot (Figure 2A). l_0 is set by a parameter (dmrs-TypeA-Position) in the MIB or Common Serving Cell Configuration (ServingCellConfigCommon). DMRS position 0 (reference point l) means the first symbol in the slot or each frequency hop. ◆In DMRS mapping type B, DMRS position l_0 is counted by the symbol index in the PDSCH / PUSCH (Figure 2B). l_0 is always 0. DMRS position 0 (reference point l) means the first symbol in the PDSCH / PUSCH or each frequency hop.

[0013] The DMRS location is defined by the specification table and depends on the PDSCH / PUSCH duration l_d. The location of additional DMRS is fixed. ◆In DMRS mapping type A, the PDSCH / PUSCH duration l_d is from the first symbol of the slot to the last symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH. ◆In DMRS mapping type B, the PDSCH / PUSCH duration l_d is from the first symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH to the last symbol of the scheduled PDSCH / PUSCH.

[0014] For the frequency domain, either (PDSCH / PUSCH) DMRS setting type 1 or 2 is set. ◆DMRS setting type 1 has a comb structure and is applicable to both CP-OFDM (transport precoding disabled) and DFT-S-OFDM (transport precoding enabled). The minimum RE (subcarrier) group in the frequency domain is one RE. Figure 3A shows an example of DMRS setting type 1 for single-symbol DMRS. ◆DMRS setting type 2 is applicable only to CP-OFDM. The minimum RE group in the frequency domain is two consecutive REs. Figure 3B shows an example of DMRS setting type 2 for single-symbol DMRS.

[0015] Single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS can be configured. ◆Single-symbol DMRS is commonly used (it is a mandatory feature in Rel. 15). In single-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0, 1, 2, 3}. Single-symbol DMRS supports both cases where frequency hopping is enabled and disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is not set, single-symbol DMRS is used. In DMRS configuration type 1, DMRS is placed in one RE for every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain. In DMRS configuration type 2, DMRS is placed in two consecutive REs for every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain. ◆Double-symbol DMRS is used for more DMRS ports (especially for Multi-User Multi-Input Multi-Output (MU-MIMO)). In double-symbol DMRS, the number of additional DMRS (symbols) is {0,1}. Double-symbol DMRS supports the case where frequency hopping is disabled. If the maximum number (maxLength) in the uplink DMRS configuration (DMRS-UplinkConfig) is 2 (len2), whether it is single-symbol DMRS or double-symbol DMRS is determined by DCI or configured grant. A DMRS is placed in one RE for every two consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 4A shows an example of DMRS configuration type 1 for double-symbol DMRS. In DMRS configuration type 2, a DMRS is placed in two consecutive REs for every six consecutive REs in the frequency domain. Figure 4B shows an example of DMRS configuration type 2 for double-symbol DMRS.

[0016] For additional DMRS (in the time domain), the additional DMRS position is set by the higher-level parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition. ◆For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l_d = 10, the DMRS positions are l_0, 9. For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos3, l_d = 12, the DMRS positions are l_0, 5, 8, 11. For example, in the case of single-symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of single symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos3, l_d = 7, the DMRS positions are l_0, 4. ◆For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type A, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l_d = 10, the DMRS positions are l_0, 8. For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos0, the DMRS position is l_0. For example, in the case of double symbol DMRS, DMRS mapping type B, dmrs-AdditionalPosition = pos1, l_d = 10, the DMRS positions are l_0, 7.

[0017] Multiple DMRS ports mapped to the same resource element (Resource Element (RE), time and frequency resources) are called a DMRS Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group.

[0018] In addition to the basic DMRS in Rel. 15, an extended DMRS is introduced in Rel. 18. The extended DMRS is configured by the higher-level parameter dmrs-TypeEnh.

[0019] There are several parameters for the DMRS port, as follows: ◆OCC type: Walsh matrices are used for the OCC for PDSCH. Cyclic shifts are used for the OCC for PUSCH. ◆FD-OCC: W_f(0) to W_f(1) are used as two FD-OCCs for basic DMRS. W_f(0) to W_f(3) are used as four FD-OCCs for extended DMRS. ◆TD-OCC: W_t(0) to W_t(1) are used as two TD-OCCs for double-symbol DMRS.

[0020] Each table of parameters for DMRS is PDSCH DMRS port p or PUSCH DMRS port p ～ CDM group λ, Δ related to frequency offset, FD-OCC W f (k'), TD-OCC W tIt includes (l'). ◆ Table D1-1 shown in FIG. 5 shows an example of parameters for PDsch DMRS setting type 1. The basic type 1 single-symbol DMRS uses ports from 1000 to 1003. The basic type 1 double-symbol DMRS uses ports from 1000 to 1007. The extended type 1 single-symbol DMRS uses ports from 1000 to 1003 and from 1008 to 1011. The extended type 1 double-symbol DMRS uses ports from 1000 to 1015. ◆ Table D1-2 shown in FIG. 6 shows an example of parameters for PDsch DMRS setting type 2. ◆ Table U1-1 shown in FIG. 7 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS setting type 1. ◆ Table U1-2 shown in FIG. 8 shows an example of parameters for PUSCH DMRS setting type 2.

[0021] Several configurations are available for DMRS, as follows: ◆Configuration 1: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 1, Single Symbol DMRS Up to four DMRS ports are available with two FDM CDM groups and two FD-OCCs (length 2). ◆Configuration 2: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 1, Double Symbol DMRS Up to eight DMRS ports are available with two FDM CDM groups, two FD-OCCs (length 2), and two TD-OCCs (length 2). ◆Configuration 3: Basic DMRS, Configuration Type 2, Single Symbol DMRS Up to six DMRS ports are available with three FDM CDM groups and two FD-OCCs (length 2). ◆Setting 4: Basic DMRS, Setting Type 2, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available with 3 FDM CDM groups, 2 FD-OCCs (length 2), and 2 TD-OCCs (length 2). ◆Setting 5: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 1, Single Symbol DMRS Up to 8 DMRS ports are available with 2 FDM CDM groups and 4 FD-OCCs (length 4). ◆Setting 6: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 1, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 16 DMRS ports are available with 2 FDM CDM groups, 4 FD-OCCs (length 4), and 2 TD-OCCs (length 2). ◆Setting 7: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 2, Single Symbol DMRS Up to 12 DMRS ports are available through 3 FDM CDM groups and 4 FD-OCCs (length 4). ◆Setting 8: Extended DMRS, Setting Type 2, Double Symbol DMRS Up to 24 DMRS ports are available through 3 FDM CDM groups, 4 FD-OCCs (length 4) and 2 TD-OCCs (length 2).

[0022] In this disclosure, Existing DMRS, Existing DMRS Function, Existing DMRS Type, Existing DMRS Setting Type, dmrs-Type, DMRS Setting Type 1 / 2, DMRS with FD-OCC of length 2, Rel. 15 DMRS Type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the setting of an Existing DMRS Setting Type, the setting of an Existing DMRS Setting Type 1 or 2, and the non-setting of an Extended DMRS Type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the non-setting of DMRS Setting Type 1, DMRS Type 1, DMRS Type=1, DMRS Type 1, and dmrs-Type set to type2 may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the setting of DMRS Setting Type 2, DMRS Type 2, DMRS Type=2, DMRS Type 2, and dmrs-Type set to type2 may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0023] In this disclosure, the terms Enhanced DMRS, Enhanced DMRS function, Enhanced DMRS type, Enhanced DMRS configuration type, configuration / higher layer parameters for Enhanced DMRS type, Enhanced DMRS type, enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18, dmrs-TypeEnh, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1 / 2, DMRS with FD-OCC of length 4, and Rel. 18 DMRS type may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the terms Enhanced DMRS configuration type being configured, enhanced-dmrs-Type_r18 being configured, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1 or 2 being configured, and Enhanced DMRS type being configured may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, Enhanced DMRS configuration type 1, DMRS extension type 1, DMRS extension type = 1, DMRS eType 1, and the terms Enhanced DMRS type being configured and dmrs-Type being set to type 2 not being configured may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, the terms "extended DMRS setting type 2," "DMRS extended type 2," "DMRS extended type = 2," "DMRS eType 2," and "extended DMRS type is set and dmrs-Type is set to type 2" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0024] In the present disclosure, the maximum length of DMRS, maxLength, and the maximum number of OFDM symbols of the front-loaded DMRS may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, the values of maxLength {'len1', 'len2'}, maxLength = {1, 2} [symbols], may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0025] In the present disclosure, FD-OCC, w f (k'), may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, TD-OCC, w t (l'), the TD-OCC with a length of 2, may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0026] In the present disclosure, the existing OCC, the existing FD-OCC, the FD-OCC with a length of 2, the Rel. 15 FD-OCC, may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, the new OCC, the new FD-OCC, the FD-OCC longer than 2, the Rel. 18 FD-OCC, w f (k'), the FD-OCC with a length of 4, may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0027] In the present disclosure, the existing DMRS port, the Rel. 15 DMRS port, the DMRS port to which the existing FD-OCC is applied, the DMRS port within the port number range of the existing DMRS, the existing DMRS port, the existing DMRS, may be read interchangeably with each other. In the present disclosure, the new DMRS port, the Rel. 18 DMRS port, the DMRS port to which the new FD-OCC is applied, the DMRS port outside the port number range of the existing DMRS, the extended DMRS port, the extended DMRS, may be read interchangeably with each other.

[0028] (Time domain resources of DMRS) In the existing specification, the DMRS setting in the time domain is represented by the parameter l (symbol index). The mapping in the frequency domain and time domain of DMRS is calculated by the following formula. ◆ When the upper layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh is set (extended DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) = w f (k')w t(l')r(4n+k') k=8n+2k'+Δ (Setting type 1) k=12n+k'+Δ (Setting type 2, k'=0,1) k=12n+k'+Δ+4 (Setting type 2, k'=2,3) k'=0,1,2,3 l'=l － +l' n=0, 1, ... j=0, 1, ..., v-1 ◆Otherwise (basic DMRS), α ～ k,l (p_j,μ) =w f (k')w t (l') r (2n+k') k=4n+2k'+Δ (setting type 1) k=6n+k'+Δ (setting type 2) k'=0, 1, 2, 3 l'=l － +l' n=0, 1,... j=0, 1,..., v-1 l － l' represents the position of the DMRS in the time domain. For a single-symbol DMRS, l' = 0. For a double-symbol DMRS, l' = 0, 1.

[0029] The reference point of l and the position l0 of the first DMRS symbol depend on the mapping type. ◆In PDSCH mapping type A, l and l0 are as follows: - l is defined relative to the start of the slot. - l0 = 3 if the upper layer parameter dmrs=TypeA-Position is equal to 'pos3'. Otherwise, l0 = 2. ◆In PDSCH mapping type B, l and l0 are as follows: - l is defined relative to the start of the scheduled PDSCH resource. - l0 = 0.

[0030] The position of the DMRS symbol is l － And, duration l d It is given by and where l d The following applies: ◆In PDSCH mapping type A, l d This is the duration between the first OFDM symbol of that slot and the last OFDM symbol of the scheduled PDSCH resource within that slot. ◆In PDSCH mapping type B, l d This is the duration of the scheduled PDSCH resource.

[0031] As shown in Figure 9, a table for PDSCH DMRS positions in single-symbol DMRS (DMRS position table) D2-1 is defined. The DMRS position table includes the PDSCH mapping type and additional DMRS position settings (dmrs-AdditionalPosition), and l d This associates with one or more DMRS symbol locations. The UE uses the DMRS location table to determine the PDSCH mapping type and the additional DMRS location setting (dmrs-AdditionalPosition), and l d The number and position of the corresponding DMRS symbols are determined. Similarly for double symbol DMRS / PUSCH DMRS, the mapping type, dmrs-AdditionalPosition, and l d A DMRS location table is defined that associates one or more DMRS symbol locations with each other.

[0032] In this disclosure, the values ​​of dmrs-AdditionalPosition {'pos0','pos1','pos2','pos3'} and dmrs-AdditionalPosition = {0,1,2,3} may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0033] (Rel. 15 DMRS) The Rel. 15 specification supports various DMRS configurations for PDSCH based on application scenarios, such as different DMRS types depending on fast / slow selective fading in the frequency domain, various additional DMRS positions (dmrs-AdditionalPosition) depending on fast / slow selective fading in the time domain, and single / double symbol indications depending on the transmit layer, sometimes considering low / high SNR regions. The DMRS downlink configuration (RRC IE DMRS-DownlinkConfig) includes the DMRS type (dmrs-type), dmrs-AdditionalPosition, and maxLength, and is used to configure PDSCH DMRS. This means a semi-static configuration. The antenna port field in DCI format 1_1 is used to dynamically indicate the DMRS port to be used, and can indicate single or double DMRS symbols when maxLength is set to 2. Based on actual field data, we can see that the parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition is typically set to 'pos1' by RRC signaling in a typical scenario, while the first OFDM symbol in each slot is reserved for PDCCH candidate transmissions, and the remaining 13 symbols are allocated for PDSCH transmissions with slot offset k0=0.

[0034] (Massive MIMO) In massive MIMO configurations, a typical configuration is 64T64R antennas in a TDD network, for example. Furthermore, operators are pursuing 128T128R for even higher performance. Meanwhile, larger terminal form factors, such as foldable smartphones, are becoming more common. These have more space to accommodate more antennas than 6Rx / 8Rx. As the number of antenna ports in the gNB increases and the number of Rx antennas in the UE increases, the rank of the PDSCH increases significantly (the number of PDSCH layers increases significantly). We evaluated the distribution of ranks under various assumptions in the gNB. Here, single-user (SU)-MIMO using eigenvector-based precoding is performed. According to the simulation results, the probability of the rank being greater than 4 increases significantly.

[0035] (Issue) To ensure the performance of channel estimation in actual networks, it is necessary to set up additional DMRS to support various scenarios. For example, channel measurements on two separate DMRS symbols can be combined to suppress noise in the lower SNR region or interpolated to accommodate high Doppler [frequency]. However, additional DMRS locations in the time domain increase RS overhead, especially in the case of high ranks. For example, DMRS type 1 overhead doubles at ranks greater than 4, and DMRS type 2 overhead doubles at ranks greater than 6.

[0036] It is known that PDSCH transmissions using higher ranks (e.g., rank number > 4) occur in scenarios with lower speeds and higher SNRs. Additional DMRS positions are not always necessary; in some cases, front-loaded DMRS alone are sufficient for efficient channel estimation. Due to the impact of DMRS overhead on throughput, we assume that the first OFDM symbol is reserved for PDCCH transmission, and the remaining 13 OFDM symbols are used for PDSCH transmission. To calculate throughput improvements, we base PDSCH transmissions using rank 4 for DMRS type 1 and rank 6 for DMRS type 2, respectively, while assuming additional DMRS are configured.

[0037] Regarding the impact of DMRS overhead on throughput, when additional DMRS is semi-statically configured by a higher layer and rank adaptation is dynamically indicated by the DCI format, if the indicated rank is greater than 4 for DMRS type 1 and greater than 6 for DMRS type 2, the PDSCH throughput is significantly reduced compared to when there is no additional DMRS.

[0038] Therefore, the inventors investigated methods to improve DMRS overhead and conceived the following embodiments.

[0039] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0040] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0041] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0042] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0043] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0044] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0045] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0046] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0047] In this disclosure, ceil(x), ceiling function, and ceiling function may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, floor(x), floor function, and floor function may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, sqrt(x), square root of x, and root x may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, x mod y, mod(x, y), mod function, and modulo operation may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, Σ i=M M+N-1 f(i), Σ i=M M+N-1 f i f(i) or f over i = M, M+1, ..., M+N-1 i The sum of f(M) + f(M+1) + ... + f(M+N-1), f M +f M+1 +...+f M+N-1 , can be read interchangeably. C(n,k) is the number of combinations of choosing k values ​​from n values ​​(combinatorial coefficient), binomial coefficients, n Ck , C n k , may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, x / / y and floor(x / y) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0048] In this disclosure, A b The notations A_b, Ab, and A with a b placed to the lower right may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A c The notation A^c, with a c superscripted above A, may be interpreted as interchangeable. In this disclosure, A b c The notation A_b^c, where b is placed to the lower right of A and c is placed to the upper right of A, may be interpreted as being interchangeable. In this disclosure, x ~ x may be represented by placing a ~ above x, or it may be called x tilde. In this disclosure, x - x may be represented by placing a hyphen above it, or it may be called an x-bar. In this disclosure, x ＾ This can also be represented by placing a caret (^) above x, or it may be called an x-hat.

[0049] In this disclosure, FR may be at least one of FR1, FR2, FR2-1, FR2-2, FR3, subterahertz, and terahertz. In this disclosure, the frequency range corresponding to FR1 may be 410–7125 MHz. In this disclosure, FR2 may include FR2-1 and FR2-2, the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 24250–52600 MHz, and the frequency range corresponding to FR2-1 may be 52600–71000 MHz.

[0050] In this disclosure, the following abbreviations may be used: ◆FDM: frequency division multiplexing ◆TDM: time division multiplexing ◆CDM: code division multiplexing

[0051] In this disclosure, the terms "indicate," "report," and "select" may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0052] In this disclosure, the terms antenna port, DMRS port, antenna port index (number) 1000+x, and DMRS port index (number) x may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0053] (Wireless communication method) <Embodiment 1> Reconfiguration of additional DMRS based on RRC IE is slow to keep up with dynamic rank adaptation. Higher rank PDSCH transmission occurs only in slower speed mobile / UEs. Dynamic instruction of additional DMRS can significantly improve performance.

[0054] In the multiplexing and channel coding specifications, when two codewords (CW) are enabled, there are many reserved entries in the DMRS port indication field within the DCI. Some of these reserved entries can be repurposed to indicate the absence of additional DMRS to reduce DMRS overhead. The gNB can then determine, on a scenario-dependent basis, whether or not there are additional DMRS for higher ranks. This solution avoids frequent RRC reconfiguration without changing the DCI format, increasing the DCI payload, increasing complexity in the gNB and UE.

[0055] In the DMRS receiving procedure [in the physical layer procedure for data / PDSCH-related procedure / UE procedure for receiving PDSCH / UE procedure for receiving RS], the following procedure 1 may be defined.

[0056] ◆Procedure 1: When a scheduled PDSCH is received by DCI format 1_1 or 1_3 with a PDCCH having a CRC scrambled by cell (C)-RNTI, modulation and coding scheme (MCS)-C-RNTI, or configured scheduling (CS)-RNTI, or by DCI format 4_2 with a PDCCH having a CRC scrambled by group (G)-RNTI, the UE procedure may be based on at least one of the following procedures 1-x.

[0057] ―◆Procedure 1-1: The UE may have at least one higher-layer parameter of dmrs-Type and dmrs-TypeEnh set. The set DM-RS setting type is used for PDSCH reception as defined in the specification.

[0058] ―◆Procedure 1-2: The UE may be configured with a maximum number of preceding DMRS symbols for the PDSCH by the upper-layer parameter maxLength provided by DMRS-DownlinkConfig. The UE procedure may be based on at least one of the following procedures 1-2-x.

[0059] --◆Procedure 1-2-1: If maxLength is set to 'len1', a single symbol DMRS can be scheduled for a UE by DCI, and the number of additional DMRS for the PDSCH can be set by the higher-layer parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition, which can be set to 'pos0', 'pos1', 'pos2', or 'pos3'.

[0060] --◆Procedure 1-2-2: If maxLength is set to 'len2', single-symbol DMRS and double-symbol DMRS can be scheduled for the UE by DCI, and the number of additional DMRS for the PDSCH can be set by the higher-layer parameter dmrs-AdditionalPosition, which can be set to 'pos0' or 'pos1'.

[0061] --◆Procedure 1-2-3: Assume that the UE receives additional DMRS as specified in the specification table (antenna port table).

[0062] ――◆Procedure 1-2-4: If dmrs-AdditionalPosition is set to 'pos1', maxLength is set to 'len2', and the UE is scheduled using 2CW and has been assigned an antenna port mapping with a specific index value in the antenna port table, then it is assumed that the UE will not transmit / apply additional DMRS. The specific value may be {5, 6, 7, or 8}. The antenna port table may be the antenna port table A-2A described below.

[0063] The phrase "assigned an antenna port mapping with an index of a specific value in the antenna port table" can also be rephrased as "the antenna port field indicates a specific value" or "the antenna port field value (value, field value) is a specific value."

[0064] Figure 10 shows the first part of an example of an existing antenna port table A-2 for indicating antenna ports (1000 + DMRS ports) for the settings dmrs-Type=1 and maxLength=2. Figure 11 shows the second part of an example of antenna port table A-2. Antenna port table A-2 shows the mapping of antenna port field values, the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, DMRS ports, and the number of leading symbols for 1 CW (CW0 enabled and CW1 disabled) or 2 CW (CW0 enabled and CW1 enabled). In the antenna port table, parameters other than the antenna port field values ​​may be at least one combination of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, DMRS ports, and the number of leading symbols. In the antenna port table, parameter values ​​may be at least one combination of the value for the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the value for the DMRS port, and the value for the number of leading symbols.

[0065] Figure 12 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-2A. The second part of antenna port table A-2A may be the same as the second part of antenna port table A-2. Compared with antenna port table A-2, antenna port table A-2A adds entries for antenna port field values ​​{5,6,7,8} for 2CW. In antenna port table A-2A, the combination of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the DMRS port, and the number of leading symbols in the entry for antenna port field value {5,6,7,8} for 2CW is the same as the combination of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the DMRS port, and the number of leading symbols in the entry for antenna port field value {0,1,2,3}.

[0066] In antenna port table A-2A, the antenna port field value for 2CW may include one or more first field values ​​and one or more second field values. For example, the one or more first field values ​​may be {1, 2, 3, 4}. For example, the one or more second field values ​​may be {5, 6, 7, 8}. If the antenna port field value is a first field value, the UE may assume that the configured additional DMRS is applied, and if the antenna port field value is a second field value, the UE may assume that the configured additional DMRS is not applied.

[0067] According to this embodiment, the DMRS overhead for ranks 5 through 8 can be reduced when additional DMRS symbols are configured.

[0068] For DMRS port Rel. 18 (DMRS port using a length 4 frequency domain (FD)-orthogonal cover code (OCC) applied when dmrs-TypeEnh is set) with DMRS extension type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1 and maxLength=1, Figure 13A shows an example of DMRS placement / overhead for ranks 1 to 4, and Figure 13B shows an example of DMRS placement / overhead for ranks 5 to 8. For DMRS port Rel. 15 (DMRS port using a length 2 FD-OCC applied when dmrs-TypeEnh is not set) with DMRS type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1 and maxLength=2, Figure 14A shows an example of DMRS placement / overhead for ranks 1 to 4, and Figure 14B shows an example of DMRS placement / overhead for ranks 5 to 8. In these examples, the preceding DMRS is located on at least one of symbols #0 through #1, and the additional DMRS is located on at least one of symbols #9 through #10. [Rel. 18] Extended type 1 supports rank 8 at maxLength=1. [Rel. 15] Type 1 supports rank 8 only at maxLength=2.

[0069] <Embodiment 2> If the movement speed of the UE is high, additional DMRS is required. In the existing specifications, additional DMRS is set by RRC IE, but it cannot be switched dynamically, so it is assumed that the operation will be to set dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1 for all UEs. The range to which the specific operation in Embodiment 1 is applied (for example, when ranks 5 to 8 are instructed, the movement speed of the UE is low and additional DMRS is not required) may be expanded.

[0070] A specific operation may determine whether additional DMRS based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table is applied, based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table and the antenna port field value. A specific operation may assume / determine that additional DMRS based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table is not applied if the DMRS settings [including at least one of the DMRS location and the maximum length of the DMRS] satisfy the conditions, the shared channel has two codewords, and the antenna port field value is a specific value. A specific operation may assume / determine that additional DMRS based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table is applied if the antenna port field value is a first field value, and assume / determine that the configured additional DMRS is not applied if the antenna port field value is a second field value.

[0071] The specific action may also be the one described in step 1-2-4: "[If dmrs-AdditionalPosition is set to 'pos1', and] the UE is scheduled using 2CW and has been assigned an antenna port mapping with a specific index value in the antenna port table, then the UE assumes that no additional DMRS will be transmitted."

[0072] The operation of Embodiment 1 may be applied in at least one of the following settings: ◆ [Rel. 18] DMRS extension type 1, maxLength=1. ◆ [Rel. 18] DMRS extension type 1, maxLength=2. ◆ [Rel. 18] DMRS extension type 2, maxLength=1. ◆ [Rel. 18] DMRS extension type 2, maxLength=2. ◆ [Rel. 15] DMRS type 1, maxLength=2. ◆ [Rel. 15] DMRS type 2, maxLength=1. ◆ [Rel. 15] DMRS type 2, maxLength=2.

[0073] For example, in [Rel. 18] DMRS extension type 1, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=1, maxLength=1, when the operation of Embodiment 1 is applied, the gNB uses the preceding DMRS and additional DMRS as shown in Figure 15A by indicating ranks 1 to 4 by DCI when the UE is moving at high speed, and uses the preceding DMRS as shown in Figure 15B by indicating ranks 5 to 8 by DCI when the UE is moving at low speed. This operation allows for flexible control of DMRS overhead according to the UE's movement speed. This embodiment reduces DMRS overhead compared to using the existing Rel. 18 DMRS.

[0074] <<Specific Example 1>> In step 1-2-4, the "index of a specific value in antenna port table A-2" may be replaced with "[Rel. 15] Antenna port table / antenna port index / antenna port field value / entry for specific cases other than DMRS type 1 and maxLength=1". In step 1-2-4, the "index of a specific value in antenna port table A-2" may be replaced with "[Rel. 15] Antenna port table / antenna port index / antenna port field value / entry for cases other than DMRS type 1 and maxLength=1".

[0075] <<Specific Example 2>> In step 1-2-4, antenna port table A-2 may be replaced with at least one specific antenna port table from the following several antenna port tables, or at least one specific antenna port table from the following several antenna port tables may be added to antenna port table A-2. ◆[Rel. 18] Antenna port table for DMRS extension 1 / 2. ◆[Rel. 15] Antenna port table for DMRS 1 / 2.

[0076] The specific antenna port table, similar to antenna port table A-2, may show a mapping between antenna port field values, the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, DMRS ports, and the number of preceding symbols for 1 CW (CW0 is enabled and CW1 is disabled) or 2 CW (CW0 is enabled and CW1 is enabled).

[0077] In a specific antenna port table, a reserved row (value, entry) for 2CW may be used to dynamically indicate that "additional DMRS will not be sent / applied." One or more new rows indicating "additional DMRS will not be sent / applied" may have all or some combinations of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the DMRS ports, and the number of preceding symbols in one or more existing rows. The antenna port field values ​​in one or more new rows may differ from the antenna port field values ​​in one or more existing rows.

[0078] Figure 16 shows the first part of an example of an existing antenna port table A-7 for specifying antenna ports (1000+ DMRS ports) for the settings dmrs-Type=1, enhanced-dmrs-Type, and maxLength=1. Figure 17 shows the second part of an example of antenna port table A-7. Antenna port table A-7 shows the mapping between antenna port field values, the number of DMRS CDM groups with no data, and DMRS ports for 1 CW (CW0 enabled and CW1 disabled) or 2 CW (CW0 enabled and CW1 enabled).

[0079] Figure 18 shows the first part of an example of antenna port table A-7A. The second part of antenna port table A-7A may be the same as the second part of antenna port table A-7. Compared with antenna port table A-7, antenna port table A-7A adds entries for antenna port field values ​​{5,6,7,8} for 2CW. In antenna port table A-2A, the combination of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data and the DMRS port in the entry for antenna port field value {5,6,7,8} for 2CW is the same as the combination of the number of DMRS CDM groups without data, the DMRS port and the number of preceding symbols in the entry for antenna port field value {0,1,2,3}. In other words, in antenna port table A-7A, for 2CW, a new row (entry) has all combinations of antenna port field values ​​4 to 7 and the non-antenna port field values ​​in the existing row (the number of DMRS CDM groups with no data, the DMRS ports, etc.).

[0080] <Variations> A specific operation may be applied to at least one of the following cases: dmrs-AdditionalPosition=2, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=3, and dmrs-AdditionalPosition is not set. The case where dmrs-AdditionalPosition is not set may be considered as dmrs-AdditionalPosition=2. In at least one of the following cases: dmrs-AdditionalPosition=2, dmrs-AdditionalPosition=3, and dmrs-AdditionalPosition is not set, the UE procedure may be based on one of the following several procedures.

[0081] ◆If a specific value is specified for the antenna port field, the UE may assume that "no additional DMRS will be sent / applied."

[0082] ◆When a specific value is specified for the antenna port field, the UE may assume that the "dmrs-AdditionalPosition setting" -X is applied. For example, if X=1 and dmrs-AdditionalPosition='pos3' is set, and a specific DMRS port [index] is specified, the UE may assume that dmrs-AdditionalPosition='pos2' is set.

[0083] ◆If a specific value is specified for the antenna port field, the UE may assume that the "additional DMRS symbol count based on dmrs-AdditionalPosition" -X is applied. For example, if X=1, and dmrs-AdditionalPosition='pos3' is set, and PDSCH mapping type A is set, and the scheduled PDSCH duration is l d If = 10 symbols, then "additional DMRS symbol count based on dmrs-AdditionalPosition" = 2 (DMRS symbol count = 3), so the UE may consider that additional DMRS symbol count = 1 applies. The positions of the additional DMRS symbols reduced by "additional DMRS symbol count based on dmrs-AdditionalPosition" - X may be specified in the specification. For example, the reduction may start from the additional DMRS symbol with the highest index among the additional DMRS symbols based on dmrs-AdditionalPosition. The positions of the additional DMRS symbols reduced by "additional DMRS symbol count based on dmrs-AdditionalPosition" - X may be set by upper-layer signaling.

[0084] The value of X may be specified in the specification, set by upper-layer signaling, or reported by the UE as UE capability.

[0085] The specific operation may be to assume / determine that additional DMRS based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table is applied if the antenna port field value is the first field value, and to assume / determine that DMRS is applied to fewer symbols than the symbols of the additional DMRS based on the DMRS settings / DMRS location table if the antenna port field value is the second field value.

[0086] Embodiments 1 and 2 may be applied to PUSCH DMRS by replacing PDSCH DMRS with PUSCH DMRS.

[0087] Embodiments 1 and 2 may be applied to 1CW by replacing 2CW with 1CW.

[0088] Embodiments 1 and 2 illustrate an example where the antenna port field value of a reserved row in an existing antenna port table is used to indicate that "additional DMRS will not be sent / applied," but a new DCI field may also be used to indicate that "additional DMRS will not be sent / applied." A new DCI field may exist if configured by upper-layer signaling. The new DCI field may indicate at least one of the following: whether additional DMRS will be applied, and the number of additional DMRS to be applied. One or more special values ​​or combinations of special values ​​of existing DMRS fields may indicate at least one of the following: whether additional DMRS will be applied, and the number of additional DMRS to be applied.

[0089] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LTE positioning protocol (LPP) messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., DCI, PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0090] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0091] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI. The specific field may be an existing DCI field or a new DCI field. The RNTI may be an existing RNTI or a new RNTI. The format of the DCI may be an existing DCI format or a new DCI format.

[0092] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0093] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW of at least one of the following QCL rules: ◆ QCL Type A ◆ QCL Type B ◆ QCL Type C ◆ QCL Type D

[0094] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: ◆SSB ◆CSI-RS with / without repetition ◆TRS ◆DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH

[0095] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: ◆ Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE ◆ Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells ◆ Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG)

[0096] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC messages, LPP messages), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0097] When the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may introduce a new octet into an existing MAC CE.

[0098] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0099] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or gNB).

[0100] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: ◆ A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; ◆ The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is instructed / specified / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; ◆ A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; ◆ The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0101] The above-mentioned specific UE capabilities may represent at least one of the following: ◆ Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumption / information; ◆ The capability of each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each option in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple options in each embodiment; ◆ The capability of each choice in each embodiment, or the capability of a combination of multiple choices in each embodiment.

[0102] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0103] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0104] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0105] Information regarding whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: ◆ The information is set by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is determined by one or more relevant higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. ◆ The information is indicated by MAC CE / DCI. ◆ The information is determined based on one or more UE capabilities. ◆ The information is described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is based on conditions described / defined in the specification. ◆ The information is determined by a combination of several of the above methods. For example, the information is determined by the setting / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCIs and reported by UE capabilities.

[0106] The above multiple embodiments / options / choices may be combined into a single embodiment / option / choice.

[0107] In the embodiments described above, the measured RS may be a QCL source RS in an active TCI state / indicated / unified TCI state.

[0108] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to Embodiment 1 / Embodiment 1a of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a shared channel; and a control unit that determines whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI. [Supplement] The receiving unit may be a transmitting / receiving unit 220. The control unit may be a control unit 210. The setting (DMRS setting) may be DMRS-DownlinkConfig or DMRS-UplinkConfig. The shared channel may be PDSCH or PUSCH. The setting may include at least one setting of DMRS [setting] type (dmrs-Type), DMRS extension type (dmrs-TypeEnh), additional DMRS position (dmrs-AdditionalPosition), and DMRS maximum length (maxLength). [Note 2] The terminal as described in Note 1, wherein the control unit determines the DMRS resource based on the association between a plurality of field values ​​of the antenna port field and a plurality of parameter values ​​of the parameter, the association being an association between a first field value of the antenna port field and a first parameter value of the parameter, and an association being an association between a second field value of the antenna port field and the first parameter value of the parameter, the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is applied when the antenna port field shows the first field value, and the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is not applied when the antenna port field shows the second field value.[Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the control unit determines the DMRS resource based on the association between a plurality of field values ​​of the antenna port field and a plurality of parameter values ​​of the parameter, the association being an association between a first field value of the antenna port field and a first parameter value of the parameter, and an association being an association between a second field value of the antenna port field and the first parameter value of the parameter, the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is applied if the antenna port field shows the first field value, and the control unit determines that the DMRS is applied in fewer symbols than the symbols based on the setting. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the setting indicates the location of the DMRS and the maximum length of the DMRS, and the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is not applied if the setting satisfies the conditions and the shared channel has two codewords and the field value is a specific value. [Note A] A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that receives a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and transmits downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a shared channel; and a control unit that determines whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI. [Supplement] The transmitting unit may be a transceiver unit 120. The control unit may be a control unit 110.

[0109] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0110] Figure 19 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0111] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0112] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0113] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0114] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0115] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0116] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0117] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0118] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0119] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0120] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0121] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0122] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0123] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0124] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0125] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0126] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0127] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0128] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0129] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0130] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0131] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0132] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0133] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0134] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0135] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0136] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0137] (Base Station) Figure 20 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0138] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0139] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0140] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0141] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0142] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0143] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0144] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0145] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0146] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0147] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0148] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0149] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0150] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0151] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0152] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0153] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0154] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0155] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0156] (User Terminal) Figure 21 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0157] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0158] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0159] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0160] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0161] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0162] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0163] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0164] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0165] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0166] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0167] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0168] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0169] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0170] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0171] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0172] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0173] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0174] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0175] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0176] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0177] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0178] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0179] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0180] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0181] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0182] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0183] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0184] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0185] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0186] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0187] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0188] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0189] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0190] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0191] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0192] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0193] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0194] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0195] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0196] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0197] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0198] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0199] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0200] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0201] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0202] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0203] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0204] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0205] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0206] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0207] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0208] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0209] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0210] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0211] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0212] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0213] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0214] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0215] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0216] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0217] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0218] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0219] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0220] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0221] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0222] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0223] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0224] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0225] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0226] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0227] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0228] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0229] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0230] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0231] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0232] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0233] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0234] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0235] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0236] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0237] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0238] Figure 23 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0239] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0240] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0241] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0242] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0243] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0244] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0245] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0246] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0247] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0248] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0249] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0250] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0251] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0252] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0253] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0254] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0255] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0256] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, the references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0257] The term “determining” as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may be considered to mean judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in tables, databases, or other data structures), ascertaining, etc.

[0258] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" may be considered as "judging (deciding)" things like receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory).

[0259] Furthermore, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, “judgment (decision)” may be considered as “judgment (decision)” of some action. In this disclosure, “judgment (decision)” may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable with the actions described above.

[0260] Furthermore, in this disclosure, “determine / determining” may be interpreted as “assume / assuming,” “expect / expecting,” or “consider / considering.” In addition, in this disclosure, “not expecting to do…” may be interpreted as “expecting not to do….”

[0261] In this disclosure, "expect" may be rephrased as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." (where "..." may be expressed as a that clause, an infinitive, etc.) may be rephrased as "be expected ..." or "do (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Similarly, "does not expect ..." may be rephrased as "be not expected ..." or "do not (the verb without "to" if "..." is an infinitive)." Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be rephrased as "An apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0262] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0263] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0264] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0265] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0266] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0267] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0268] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0269] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0270] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0271] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0272] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

[0273] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-175305, filed on October 4, 2024. All of its contents are included herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a shared channel, and a control unit that determines whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the DMRS resource based on the association between a plurality of field values ​​of the antenna port field and a plurality of parameter values ​​of the parameter, the association being an association between a first field value of the antenna port field and a first parameter value of the parameter, and an association between a second field value of the antenna port field and the first parameter value of the parameter, the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is applied when the antenna port field shows the first field value, and the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is not applied when the antenna port field shows the second field value.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit determines the DMRS resources based on the association between a plurality of field values ​​of the antenna port field and a plurality of parameter values ​​of the parameter, the association being an association between a first field value of the antenna port field and a first parameter value of the parameter, and an association between a second field value of the antenna port field and the first parameter value of the parameter, the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is applied when the antenna port field shows the first field value, and the control unit determines that the DMRS is applied to fewer symbols than the symbols based on the setting when the antenna port field shows the second field value.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the setting indicates the location of the DMRS and the maximum length of the DMRS, and if the setting satisfies the conditions, the shared channel has two codewords, and the field value is a specific value, the control unit determines that the additional DMRS is not applied.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and receiving downlink control information (DCI) for scheduling a shared channel; and determining whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that receives a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) setting and transmits downlink control information (DCI) that schedules a shared channel; and a control unit that determines whether additional DMRS based on the setting is applied based on the setting and the field value of the antenna port field in the DCI.

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