Holographic optical waveguide and sight

Abstract

A holographic optical waveguide and a sight, relating to the technical field of optics. A hologram and a holographic waveguide grating are integrated on one element, and optical waveguide transmission characteristics and grating diffraction characteristics are used to achieve an aiming function by means of one optical element, thereby improving the assembly precision of the holographic optical waveguide, reducing the assembly difficulty, and improving the assembly yield. An optical waveguide is added to a conventional hologram, waveguide light transmission characteristics are used to replace conventional geometric optics, and light transmission is implemented by means of refraction and reflection by the optical element, thereby achieving a smaller volume and higher precision. The optical waveguide is provided with an in-coupling waveguide holographic grating and an out-coupling waveguide holographic grating, so that chromatic aberration correction can be performed on a wavelength, and therefore the imaging effect is better than that of conventional monolithic gratings. In addition, a light beam is totally reflected in a substrate and transmitted to the out-coupling waveguide holographic grating, thereby reducing transmission, reducing energy loss, improving the light effect, enabling human eyes to clearly observe reticle information on the hologram, and improving user experience.

Description

A holographic waveguide and a sight

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202422514263.6, filed on October 17, 2024, entitled "A Holographic Waveguide and Sight", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of optical technology, and in particular to a holographic waveguide and a sight. Background Technology

[0003] Red dot sights are typically used for aiming at targets. Red dot sights are suitable for rapid aiming, are easy to use, lightweight and portable, and allow you to clearly see the target's detailed features while aiming. Red dot sights allow you to search with your eyes open; when you see a target, the dot is directly within your field of view, enabling accurate target detection and aiming without changing your field of view.

[0004] However, conventional red dot sights work on the principle of curved surface reflection. While curved reflectors can make the red dot clearer, they also cause parallax when viewed against the naked eye. Therefore, a holographic sight solution has been proposed for achieving red dot aiming. High aiming accuracy is also crucial for holographic sights.

[0005] Therefore, providing a holographic sight with high aiming accuracy is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those in this field.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a holographic waveguide and a sight to solve the technical problem of low aiming accuracy.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a holographic optical waveguide, comprising: an input waveguide holographic grating, an output waveguide holographic grating, and a hologram fabricated on the same substrate, wherein the input waveguide holographic grating is located on either side of a first end of the substrate, and the output waveguide holographic grating and the hologram are located on opposite sides of a second end of the substrate, respectively.

[0009] After entering, the light beam first passes through the substrate and is transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating. After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating, it is transmitted to the substrate at an incident angle greater than the total reflection angle. It is then transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating through total reflection in the substrate. After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating, it passes through the substrate and is transmitted to the holographic image, and finally exits into the human eye.

[0010] For example, the coupled waveguide holographic grating and the coupled waveguide holographic grating are located on the same side or both sides of the substrate.

[0011] For example, the hologram is attached to the substrate by imprinting, etching, masking, or exposure and development.

[0012] For example, the input waveguide holographic grating and the output waveguide holographic grating are attached to the substrate by imprinting, etching, masking or exposure and development.

[0013] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a sight, including a light source, a collimating element, and the above-mentioned holographic waveguide; the collimating element is located in the optical path between the light source and the holographic waveguide.

[0014] For example, the coupled waveguide holographic grating and the holographic photograph are also disposed in the white light path. The white light and the light source are diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating, transmitted through the substrate to the holographic photograph, and finally emitted to the human eye.

[0015] For example, the light source is a single light source; or, the light source includes a first light source and a second light source; the sight further includes a beam combining element located in the optical path between the light source and the collimating element.

[0016] For example, the light combining element is a prism, and the inclined surface of the prism is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film. The first light source and the second light source are located on both sides of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.

[0017] For example, the first light source and the second light source are light sources of the same type or different types; wherein, the light source type includes at least point light source type and image source type.

[0018] For example, the collimating element is a single lens, a combination of lenses, or a curved mirror.

[0019] The holographic waveguide provided in this application integrates the input waveguide holographic grating, the output waveguide holographic grating, and the hologram onto the same substrate. This means the hologram and the holographic waveguide grating are integrated onto a single element. Utilizing the waveguide's transmission characteristics and the grating's diffraction properties, aiming functionality is achieved through a single optical element, improving the assembly precision of the holographic waveguide, reducing assembly difficulty, and increasing assembly yield. By adding an optical waveguide to a traditional hologram, the waveguide's light transmission characteristics replace traditional geometric optics, and light transmission is achieved through optical element refraction and reflection. This results in a smaller size and higher precision. The optical waveguide features both an input waveguide holographic grating and an output waveguide holographic grating, enabling chromatic aberration correction of wavelengths and resulting in better imaging performance than traditional monolithic gratings. Furthermore, after entering the waveguide, the light beam first travels through the substrate to the input waveguide holographic grating, then undergoes diffraction by the grating before reaching the substrate at an angle greater than the total internal reflection angle. It then undergoes total internal reflection within the substrate before reaching the output waveguide holographic grating, reducing transmission and energy loss, thus improving light efficiency. This allows the human eye to clearly observe the reticle information on the hologram, enhancing the user experience.

[0020] In addition, this application also provides a sight that includes the aforementioned holographic waveguide, which has the same or corresponding technical features as the holographic waveguide described above, and has the same effect. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first type of holographic optical waveguide provided in the embodiment of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second type of holographic optical waveguide provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the first embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the second embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the third embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the fourth embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the fifth embodiment of this application.

[0029] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows: 1-Light source; 2-Collimating element; 3-Substrate; 4-Input waveguide holographic grating; 5-Output waveguide holographic grating; 6-Holographic photograph; 7-First light source; 8-Synthesizing element; 9-Second light source. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0031] The core of this application is to provide a holographic waveguide and a sight to solve the technical problem of low aiming accuracy.

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first type of holographic optical waveguide provided in the embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the holographic optical waveguide includes: an input waveguide holographic grating 4, an output waveguide holographic grating 5, and a hologram 6, all fabricated on the same substrate 3.

[0033] Holographic image 6 is pre-illuminated with an object beam and a reference beam. The object beam carries certain phase information, and the reference beam forms interference at a certain angle. The resulting interference fringes record the phase information of the object beam, which is the holographic image information on the holographic plate. When the reference beam illuminates the recorded holographic image information at the same angle, the phase information of the object beam can be obtained in the outgoing light, thus reproducing the holographic image on the holographic plate. The attachment method of holographic image 6 on substrate 3 is not limited; for example, holographic image 6 can be attached to substrate 3 by imprinting, etching, masking, or exposure and development. Similarly, the attachment method of the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 on substrate 3 is not limited; for example, the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 can be attached to substrate 3 by imprinting, etching, masking, or exposure and development.

[0034] The coupled-in waveguide holographic grating 4 is located on either side of the first end of the substrate 3 (end a in Figure 1), and the coupled-out waveguide holographic grating 5 and the hologram 6 are located on opposite sides of the second end of the substrate 3 (end b in Figure 1). The coupled-in waveguide holographic grating 4 and the coupled-out waveguide holographic grating 5 can be located on the same side or on opposite sides of the substrate 3.

[0035] In Figure 1, the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 is located on the left side of the second end of the substrate 3, and the hologram 6 is located on the right side of the second end of the substrate 3. Various reticle patterns are fabricated on the hologram 6, allowing the human eye to aim at an object through the illuminated reticle patterns. To enable the human eye to observe the information on the hologram 6, the human eye's observation position is on the same side of the substrate 3 as the hologram 6. In Figure 1, both the human eye's observation position and the hologram 6 are located on the right side of the second end of the substrate 3. At this time, the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 and the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 are located on the same side of the substrate 3 (e.g., both are located on the left side of the substrate in Figure 1).

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second type of holographic waveguide provided in this application embodiment. The difference between this and the holographic waveguide shown in Figure 1 is that in Figure 2, the output waveguide holographic grating 5 is located on the right side of the second end of the substrate 3, and the hologram 6 is located on the left side of the second end of the substrate 3. To enable the human eye to observe the information divided on the hologram 6, the human eye's observation position and the hologram 6 are both located on the left side of the second end of the substrate 3. At this time, the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are located on opposite sides of the substrate 3 (in Figure 2, the input waveguide holographic grating 4 is located on the left side of the substrate 3, and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 is located on the right side of the substrate 3).

[0037] After entering, the light beam first passes through the substrate 3 and is transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4, it is transmitted to the substrate 3 at an incident angle greater than the total reflection angle. In the substrate 3, it is transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 through total reflection. After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, it passes through the substrate 3 and is transmitted to the holographic image 6, and finally exits into the human eye.

[0038] The holographic waveguide provided in this embodiment integrates the input waveguide holographic grating 4, the output waveguide holographic grating 5, and the hologram 6 onto the same substrate 3. This means the hologram 6 and the holographic waveguide grating are integrated onto a single element. Utilizing the waveguide's transmission characteristics and the grating's diffraction characteristics, aiming is achieved through a single optical element, improving the assembly precision of the holographic waveguide, reducing assembly difficulty, and increasing assembly yield. By adding an optical waveguide to a traditional hologram 6, the waveguide's light transmission characteristics replace traditional geometric optics, and light transmission is achieved through optical element refraction and reflection, resulting in a smaller size and higher precision. The optical waveguide has better accuracy; it has a coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 and a coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, which can correct the chromatic aberration of the wavelength, and the imaging effect is better than that of the traditional monolithic grating. In addition, after the light beam enters, it is first transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 through the substrate 3, and then transmitted to the substrate 3 at an incident angle greater than the total reflection angle after diffraction by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. It is then transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 by total reflection in the substrate 3, which reduces transmission and energy loss, improves light efficiency, and allows the human eye to clearly observe the reticle information on the holographic image 6, thus improving the user experience.

[0039] The above text describes a holographic waveguide, and the following text also provides a sight. The sight includes a light source 1, a collimating element 2, and the aforementioned holographic waveguide; the collimating element 2 is located in the optical path between the light source 1 and the holographic waveguide.

[0040] There are no limitations on the collimating element 2, as long as it can collimate the light rays. For example, the collimating element 2 can be a single lens, a combination of lenses, or a curved mirror.

[0041] The use of light source 1 is not limited; it can be a single light source or multiple light sources. The light beam emitted by light source 1 is collimated by collimating element 2. The collimated light beam is then incident on the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. After being coupled by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4, the light beam exits at a certain angle and undergoes total internal reflection inside the substrate 3. After total internal reflection, it is incident on the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5. The light beam exiting the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 is diffracted at a certain angle and incident on the hologram 6. The hologram 6 has been previously illuminated with reference light to record the reticle information. When the diffracted beam from the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 is at the same angle as the reference light, the hologram 6 is illuminated, and the human eye can see the reticle information on the hologram 6. By aligning the reticle information with the target, aiming can be performed.

[0042] Specifically, Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the first embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, the holographic sight includes a light source 1, a collimating element 2, a substrate 3, an input waveguide holographic grating 4, an output waveguide holographic grating 5, and a holographic photograph 6. In this holographic sight, the light source 1 is a single light source, and the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are located on the same side of the substrate 3.

[0043] Light source 1 emits a light beam, providing the system with an incident light beam. This light source 1 can be a laser light source, but is not limited to a laser light source; it can also be a light-emitting diode (LED) light source, a display screen light source, a light source with a reticle pattern, or a display screen light source with digital images. When light source 1 is a microdisplay, the microdisplay can carry long-infrared thermal imaging information, mid-wave infrared information, short-wave infrared information, near-infrared night vision imaging information, or various other electronic imaging information.

[0044] In Figure 3, the collimating element 2 is a lens. It can be a convex lens, a concave lens, or a combination of lenses. The collimating element 2 collimates the light beam emitted from the light source 1, turning it into parallel light.

[0045] The substrate 3 can be a glass substrate. The input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are fabricated on the substrate 3. The light beam undergoes total internal reflection on the substrate 3 and propagates forward in a total internal reflection manner.

[0046] The light source 1 forms a collimated beam through the collimating element 2. The collimated beam is transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 and diffracted at a certain angle. The diffracted beam is also parallel light. The diffraction angle is incident on a surface of the substrate 3 at an incident angle greater than the total internal reflection angle. After total internal reflection, it propagates on the substrate 3.

[0047] The diffracted beam emitted from the input waveguide holographic grating 4 propagates through the substrate 3 and finally reaches the output waveguide holographic grating 5. After being diffracted by the output waveguide holographic grating 5, the beam exits at a certain angle. The exit beam is also parallel, and the angle of the exit beam is the same as the angle of the incident beam. The exit light illuminates the holographic image 6.

[0048] Taking a laser light source as an example, the laser light source is collimated by collimating element 2. The collimated light enters the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 on the glass substrate. After diffraction by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4, the light exits at an angle greater than the total reflection angle of the substrate 3 and undergoes total reflection on the glass substrate. After multiple total reflections, the light finally enters the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5. After passing through the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, the light exits at a certain diffraction angle. The exit angle of the light remains consistent with the incident angle. In this way, the light passes through the waveguide and is the same as the light collimated from the collimating element 2. The light collimation is very good. When the light hits the hologram 6, the human eye can see the clear marking information on the hologram 6. The marking information on the hologram 6 can also be called the reticle pattern information. Therefore, the device is used in aiming equipment, and the target object can be aimed through the reticle pattern.

[0049] The light emitted from the laser source passes through collimating element 2 and enters the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. Different wavelengths, due to their different diffraction characteristics, exhibit different diffraction angles, resulting in chromatic aberration. However, the light then re-enters the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, which corrects the wavelength of the light, offsetting the chromatic aberration introduced by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4 and eliminating the chromatic aberration caused by different wavelengths. Therefore, by correcting the chromatic aberration of different wavelengths using dual gratings, the resolution of the reticle pattern imaging can be made clearer.

[0050] Furthermore, when light source 1 is an LED light source with a reticle pattern or a miniature display with an electronic image, as shown in Figure 3, the electronic image information of light source 1 and the pattern on the hologram 6 can be viewed simultaneously. This enables the fusion of information from multiple channels, achieving a multispectral fusion effect, including but not limited to near-infrared, visible light, and far-infrared thermal imaging channels. This is a solution that achieves multispectral fusion without the need for a prism.

[0051] The wavelength of the light can be any visible light wavelength within the range of 400nm to 700nm, and the incident angle of the light can be any angle within the range of 0° to 15°. It propagates through total internal reflection on the glass substrate at an angle greater than the total emission angle of 41°, and the angle of the emitted light remains between 0° and 15°, keeping the incident and exit angles constant. The hologram 6 displays a pattern when illuminated by the emitted light.

[0052] In the above system, light source 1 is a single light source, forming a single-light system. To enable the human eye to observe multi-channel information, when light source 1 is a single light source, the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 and the holographic image 6 are also placed in the white light path. The white light and the single light source are diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, transmitted through the substrate 3 to the holographic image 6, and finally emitted to the human eye, forming a dual-light system composed of white light and the single light source. If the single light source used is an infrared light source, the system formed is a dual-light system of white light and infrared. Through this dual-light system composed of white light and the single light source, the holographic reticle information can be seen while there is no obstruction to the white light direct channel, and the real scene in the white light direct channel can also be seen.

[0053] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the second embodiment of this application. The optical elements included in Figure 4 are the same as those in Figure 3. The difference is that in Figure 3, the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are on the same side of the substrate 3, while in Figure 4, the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are on opposite sides of the substrate 3. The functions of each optical element in Figure 4 are exactly the same as those in Figure 3, and they can also achieve the functions shown in Figure 3. Further details will not be provided here.

[0054] In the holographic sights shown in Figures 3 and 4, the light rays are collimated by the conventional coaxial collimating element 2, which corrects the aberrations and coma of the optical path, improves the resolution of the aiming reticle, and enhances the aiming accuracy of the observer.

[0055] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the third embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the collimating element 2 in this holographic sight is a curved reflector. The curved reflector also has a collimating effect on light, which corrects spherical aberration. The light source 1 is reflected by the collimating element 2 and becomes parallel light, which is incident on the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. The subsequent optical path is the same as in Figures 3 and 4, and finally the light is emitted as parallel light, illuminating the holographic image 6. The image information on the holographic image 6 enters the human eye, and the human eye aims by using the reticle information on the holographic image 6.

[0056] Furthermore, it is worth noting that, in practice, to reduce the fabrication difficulty of the substrate 3, the holographic image 6 can be placed separately from the substrate 3, while the input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 are integrated onto a single substrate 3. The holographic image 6 is fabricated separately, as shown in Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the fourth embodiment of this application. Apart from the holographic image 6 being placed separately from the substrate 3, the functions of all other optical elements are the same as those in Figures 3 and 4, and the optical path principle is also the same, thus achieving the function of an optical waveguide holographic sight.

[0057] The above description indicates that the light source 1 used is a single light source, which can form a single-light system or a dual-light system consisting of white light and a single light source. In practice, to allow the observer to observe information from more channels, the light source 1 used in the sight can be multiple light sources. Accordingly, a beam combiner 8 is set in the optical path between the multiple light sources and the collimating element 2. The light source 1 includes a first light source 7 and a second light source 9; the sight also includes the beam combiner 8, which is located in the optical path between the light source 1 and the collimating element 2. By using the first light source 7 and the second light source 9 in the sight, a dual-light system consisting of the first light source 7 and the second light source 9 is formed.

[0058] There are no limitations on the light combining element 8. The light combining element 8 can be a dichroic mirror or a prism (the inclined surface of the prism is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film). In order to reduce costs, the light combining element 8 used is a prism, and the inclined surface of the prism is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film. The first light source 7 and the second light source 9 are located on both sides of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.

[0059] The first light source 7 and the second light source 9 are not limited and are determined according to the actual situation. The first light source 7 and the second light source 9 can be light sources of the same type or different types; among them, the light source type includes at least point light source type and image source type. For example, both the first light source 7 and the second light source 9 are point light sources; both the first light source 7 and the second light source 9 are image sources; or the first light source 7 is a point light source and an image source, etc. For example, if the first light source 7 is a red point light source and the second light source 9 is a green point light source, a dual-light system composed of red point light source and green point light source is formed. For example, if the first light source 7 is a red point light source and the second light source 9 is an infrared image display screen, a dual-light system composed of red point light source and infrared image display screen is formed.

[0060] Furthermore, when the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 and the holographic photograph 6 are also placed in the white light path, the white light, the first light source 7, and the second light source 9 are diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, transmitted through the substrate 3 to the holographic photograph 6, and finally emitted to the human eye. At this time, a three-light fusion system consisting of white light + first light source 7 + second light source 9 is formed. Through this three-light fusion system consisting of white light + first light source 7 + second light source 9, the holographic reticle information can be seen while there is no obstruction to the white light direct passage, and the real scene in the white light direct passage can also be seen.

[0061] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a holographic sight provided in the fifth embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, based on Figures 3 and 4, the light source 1 is set as a first light source 7 and a second light source 9. A light combining element 8 (such as a prism) is added in front of the first light source 7 and the second light source 9. The inclined surface of the prism is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film, which can combine the light beam emitted by the first light source 7 and the light beam emitted by the second light source 9. When one of the light sources is a micro-display (the micro-display can display electronic image information), the electronic image information is reflected by the prism and enters the collimating element 2 together with the light beam emitted by the other light source. After being collimated by the collimating element 2, it is incident on the substrate 3 as parallel light and then on the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4. After total internal reflection in the substrate 3, it enters the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 and is diffracted out at a certain angle. The light from the second light source 9 is transmitted through the hologram 6 and directly enters the human eye, forming an image on the retina and being seen by the human eye. Simultaneously, light emitted from the first light source 7 exits at a certain angle from the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, illuminating the hologram 6 and displaying the pre-prepared pattern. The reticle pattern of the hologram 6 illuminates and becomes visible to the human eye. Through this scheme, the human eye can simultaneously see the electronic image information and reticle information of the microdisplay, achieving the optical fusion effect of holographic red dot and infrared image. When the coupled waveguide holographic grating 5 and the hologram 6 are also positioned in the white light path, while displaying both electronic image information and reticle information, there is no obstruction to the white light direct path, meaning the real-world scene in the white light direct path can also be seen, possessing all the functions of traditional holographic aiming and red dot aiming.

[0062] The aiming scope provided in this application includes a holographic waveguide. Because the coupled waveguide holographic grating 4, coupled waveguide holographic grating 5, and holographic image 6 are fabricated on the same substrate 3, the holographic image 6 and the holographic waveguide grating are integrated onto a single element. Utilizing the waveguide's transmission characteristics and the grating's diffraction characteristics, aiming functionality is achieved through a single optical element, improving the assembly accuracy of the holographic waveguide, reducing assembly difficulty, and increasing assembly yield. Adding a waveguide to a traditional holographic image 6 utilizes the waveguide's light transmission characteristics to replace traditional geometric optics, and achieves light transmission through optical element refraction and reflection, resulting in a smaller size and better accuracy. The addition of a holographic waveguide to the aiming scope provides... The input waveguide holographic grating 4 and the output waveguide holographic grating 5 can correct chromatic aberration in wavelength, resulting in better imaging than traditional holographic sights and monolithic gratings. Without adding a prism, multispectral fusion can be achieved, overcoming the limitations and singularity of traditional holographic schemes. Furthermore, after the beam enters, it first passes through the substrate 3 and is transmitted to the input waveguide holographic grating 4. After diffraction by the input waveguide holographic grating 4, it is transmitted to the substrate 3 at an incident angle greater than the total reflection angle. In the substrate 3, it is transmitted through total reflection to the output waveguide holographic grating 5, reducing transmission and energy loss, improving light efficiency, and allowing the human eye to clearly observe the reticle information on the holographic image 6, thus enhancing the user experience.

[0063] Furthermore, the aiming scope provided in this application embodiment achieves multi-light fusion through a light-combining element in the optical path, which is impossible for traditional holographic aiming scopes (traditional holographic aiming scopes have many optical elements, and in principle, there is no space or method to achieve multi-path optical fusion). With the aiming scope provided in this application embodiment, beams emitted from multiple light sources are combined by the light-combining element 8, achieving diversified optical paths and multi-spectral fusion, realizing a multi-functional holographic solution. When multiple beams are incident on the human eye, the human eye observes the image after multi-channel optical fusion, improving the user experience when using the aiming scope.

[0064] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of a holographic waveguide and a sight provided in this application. The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this application without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of this application.

[0065] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

Claims

1. A holographic optical waveguide, characterized in that, include: A coupled waveguide holographic grating (4), a coupled waveguide holographic grating (5), and a holographic photograph (6) are fabricated on the same substrate (3). The coupled waveguide holographic grating (4) is located on either side of the first end of the substrate (3), and the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) and the holographic photograph (6) are located on opposite sides of the second end of the substrate (3), respectively. After entering, the light beam first passes through the substrate (3) and is transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating (4). After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating (4), it is transmitted to the substrate (3) at an incident angle greater than the total reflection angle. It is then transmitted to the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) through total reflection in the substrate (3). After being diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5), it passes through the substrate (3) and is transmitted to the holographic photograph (6), and finally exits into the human eye.

2. The holographic optical waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled waveguide holographic grating (4) and the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) are located on the same side or both sides of the substrate (3).

3. The holographic optical waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hologram (6) is attached to the substrate (3) by means of imprinting, etching, masking or exposure and development.

4. The holographic optical waveguide according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coupled waveguide holographic grating (4) and the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) are attached to the substrate (3) by imprinting, etching, masking or exposure and development.

5. A sight, characterized in that, It includes a light source (1), a collimating element (2), and a holographic waveguide as described in any one of claims 1 to 4; the collimating element (2) is located in the optical path between the light source (1) and the holographic waveguide.

6. The aiming scope according to claim 5, characterized in that, The coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) and the holographic photograph (6) are also arranged in the white light path. The white light and the light source (1) are diffracted by the coupled waveguide holographic grating (5) and then transmitted through the substrate (3) to the holographic photograph (6), and finally emitted to the human eye.

7. The sight according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The light source (1) is a single light source; or, the light source (1) includes a first light source (7) and a second light source (9); the sight also includes a light combining element (8), which is located in the optical path between the light source (1) and the collimating element (2).

8. The sight according to claim 7, characterized in that, The light combining element (8) is a prism, and the inclined surface of the prism is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective film. The first light source (7) and the second light source (9) are located on both sides of the semi-transparent and semi-reflective film.

9. The aiming scope according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first light source (7) and the second light source (9) are light sources of the same type or different types; wherein, the light source type includes at least point light source type and image source type.

10. The aiming scope according to claim 5, characterized in that, The collimating element (2) is a single lens, a combination of lenses, or a curved mirror.

Images