Method for characterizing rheological properties of fluid composition
The method addresses the limitations of current rheological characterization by using M-dimensional shear conditions and data matrices to differentiate fluid compositions, offering detailed rheological insights through pseudo-color maps and a textural transformation index.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ELC MANAGEMENT LLC
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Current methods for characterizing rheological properties of fluid compositions are limited in differentiating between complex fluid compositions and obtaining meaningful rheological data, failing to adequately capture their rheological properties.
A method involving preconditioning fluid compositions under M-dimensional controllable shear conditions, performing rheological tests, and constructing an M-dimensional data matrix of characteristic rheological parameters to characterize fluid compositions, which includes visualizing the data through pseudo-color maps and calculating a textural transformation index.
Effectively distinguishes between fluid compositions with minimal differences in rheological properties by capturing rich texture transformations during usage, providing intuitive visualization and quantitative analysis.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025123954_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD FOR CHARACTERIZING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUID COMPOSITIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of rheological technology, and more particularly, to a method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition.BACKGROUND
[0002] Rheology is the study of flow and deformation of matter, and thixotropy is a specific rheological behavior, which refers to a performance of a material that exhibits a time-dependent change of viscosity under shear, followed by a gradual recovery of viscosity over time when the shear is removed. Modern rheometers and viscometers are essential tools for measuring the rheological properties of materials. These instruments can apply controlled shear rates or stresses to sample materials and measure their response, providing valuable data on viscosity, elasticity, and viscoelasticity. Advanced rheometers often incorporate software that allows for the precise control of shear conditions and the collection of comprehensive data sets. This is critical for understanding how sample materials behave under different application conditions.
[0003] Rheology plays a crucial role in the development or optimization of fluid compositions, such as liquid personal care products, food, etc. For example, high-end creams and lotion can be easily applied in the process of spreading or pumping, and return to a more viscous state after application. Understanding and controlling these properties enables formulators to create products that meet specific performance criteria, such as long-lasting wear, smooth application, and resistance to smudging or running.
[0004] The inventor's research has found that the ability of current thixotropy / rheology detection method is limited in terms of characterization for some complex fluid compositions. Based on existing methods adequate differentiation between different fluid compositions cannot be achieved, and meaningful rheological data cannot be attained to interpret the rheological properties of these fluid compositions.SUMMARY
[0005] In order to solve the problems in related art, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition.
[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition, including:
[0007] preconditioning the fluid composition under predetermined shear conditions, the shear conditions including M-dimensional controllable variables, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2;
[0008] performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters;
[0009] obtaining an M-dimensional data matrix formed by at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters to characterize rheological properties of the fluid composition;
[0010] wherein each piece of the characteristic rheological parameters corresponds to one shear condition, one dimension of N pieces of data in the M-dimensional data matrix correspond to N different shear conditions, and the N different shear conditions are formed by combining N different variable values of a controllable variable in one of the dimensions with respective one variable value of each of controllable variables in other dimensions, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
[0011] In an alternative embodiment, N different variable values of one controllable variable in the N different shear conditions are sorted in an order from large to small or from small to large, and the characteristic rheological parameters in the M-dimensional data matrix are sorted in an order of corresponding controllable variables.
[0012] In an alternative embodiment, the shear conditions include at least two of the following controllable variables: temperature, humidity, shear rate, shear duration, water evaporation parameters, salinity, magnetic field parameters, electric field parameters, extensional displacement, extensional force, pressure, radial oscillation shear parameters, axial oscillation shear parameters, neutron radiation parameters, X-ray radiation parameters, ultraviolet radiation parameters, visible light radiation parameters, and addition amount of chemical reagent.
[0013] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product, the shear conditions include shear rate and shear duration.
[0014] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a food fluid composition, the shear conditions include electric field parameters and shear rate.
[0015] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product including a material with photocatalytic properties, the shear conditions further include ultraviolet radiation and temperature.
[0016] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product used above a predetermined temperature, the shear conditions further include temperature.
[0017] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a fluid composition in a crude oil and natural gas field, the shear conditions include temperature, pressure, and radiation parameters.
[0018] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product, the shear conditions include shear duration, shear rate, and electrolyte concentration.
[0019] In an alternative embodiment, said performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0020] starting timing from the end of preconditioning the fluid composition under the predetermined shear conditions, and after a predetermined period of time, performing the rheological test under the predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters.
[0021] In an alternative embodiment, a range of values for the predetermined period of time includes 0-10s.
[0022] In an alternative embodiment, said performing a rheological test under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0023] shearing the fluid composition at a preset shear rate for a preset shear duration, to obtain measured characteristic rheological parameters.
[0024] In an alternative embodiment, a range of values for the preset shear rate includes 0.001-0.1 1 / s, and a range of values for the preset shear duration includes 300-1800 s.
[0025] In an alternative embodiment, said obtaining measured characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0026] determining an average viscosity measured during a part of time within the preset shear duration as the characteristic rheological parameters, wherein the part of time starts from a predetermined time instance within the preset shear duration and ends at the last time instance within the preset shear duration.
[0027] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:
[0028] converting the M-dimensional data matrix into an M-dimensional grid of colors based on a correspondence between data values of predetermined characteristic rheological parameters and color values;
[0029] interpolating the M-dimensional grid of colors using a predetermined interpolation technique and converting the M-dimensional grid of colors into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map.
[0030] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:
[0031] calculating a textural transformation index T according to the following formula:
[0032] T=1- (Smin / Smax) ;
[0033] where Smin is the minimum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters, and Smax is the maximum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters.
[0034] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:
[0035] calculating a textural transformation index T according to the following formula:
[0036] T=1- (Send / Sinitial) ;
[0037] where Sinitial is the characteristic rheological parameter obtained from a corresponding test under the initial shear condition, Send is the characteristic rheological parameter obtained from a corresponding test under the last shear condition, variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the first shear condition are all the minimum values among variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension, and variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the last shear condition are all the maximum values among variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension.
[0038] In an alternative embodiment, when M is greater than or equal to 3, the M-dimensional pseudo-color map includes one or more three-dimensional pseudo-color maps, and the method further includes:
[0039] for a three-dimensional color map, determining three-dimensional controllable variables corresponding to the three-dimensional pseudo-color map;
[0040] selecting any two controllable variables from the three-dimensional controllable variables;
[0041] extracting, from the three-dimensional color map, a two-dimensional pseudo-color map corresponding to the selected two controllable variables.
[0042] In an alternative embodiment, the predetermined interpolation technique includes any one interpolation technique of Bicubic, Bilinear, Spline, Nearest Neighbor, Kriging, Polynomial, Barycentric, Radial Bassi Function, Thin Plate Spline, Piecewise linear, Fourier, etc.
[0043] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the shear process of the fluid composition can be simulated by setting variable values of two or more controllable variables. After simulating shear, a rheological test can be performed under predetermined test conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters. In this way, characteristic rheological parameters that can signify the structural change of the material under shear and the structural recovery immediately after removal of the shear can be obtained. Testing and analysis of the fluid composition under multi-dimensional shear conditions can fully describe the rich texture transformation exhibited by the fluid composition during usage. The characteristic rheological parameters obtained using this method can capture the small texture changes of fluid compositions under different usage conditions, and can effectively distinguish different fluid compositions with minimal differences in rheological properties.
[0044] The data matrix formed by characteristic rheological parameters can also be visualized, allowing for a more intuitive observation of the texture transformation process of the fluid composition during usage.
[0045] The texture transformation index can also be calculated for comparison between fluid compositions.
[0046] It is to be understood that the above general descriptions and the below detailed descriptions are merely exemplary and explanatory, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0047] In conjunction with accompanying drawings, other features, objectives, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the detailed description of the following non-limiting embodiments, in which:
[0048] Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] Fig 2A shows a graph of rheological raw data obtained by a rheometer provided in Examples 1 of the present disclosure.
[0050] Fig 2B shows the visualization of the characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 1 of the present disclosure.
[0051] Fig. 3 shows the visualization process of characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 2 of the present disclosure;
[0052] Fig. 4A shows a graph of raw data obtained by a rheometer provided in Example 3 of the present disclosure;
[0053] Fig. 4B shows the visualization process of characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 3 of the present disclosure;
[0054] Fig. 5A shows a graph of raw data obtained by a rheometer provided in Example 4 of the present disclosure;
[0055] Fig. 5B shows the visualization process of characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 4 of the present disclosure;
[0056] Fig. 6A shows a graph of a grid of colors converted from characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 5 of the present disclosure;
[0057] Fig. 6B shows a graph of a stacked three-dimensional grid of colors provided in Example 5 of the present disclosure;
[0058] Fig. 7A shows data tested by a testing method provided in the prior art;
[0059] Fig. 7B shows data tested by a testing method provided in the prior art;
[0060] Fig. 8 shows a data tested by a testing method provided in the prior art;
[0061] Fig. 9A shows a graph of raw data obtained by a rheometer provided in Example 6 of the present disclosure; and
[0062] Fig. 9B shows the visualization process of characteristic rheological parameters provided in Example 6 of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0063] In the following, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can easily implement them. In addition, for clarity, parts unrelated to the description of the exemplary embodiments have been omitted in the accompanying drawings.
[0064] In the present disclosure, it should be understood that terms such as "including" or "having" are intended to indicate presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof disclosed in this specification, and are not intended to exclude the possibility of one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, components, parts, or combinations thereof being present or added.
[0065] In addition, it should be noted that the embodiments and features in the present disclosure can be combined with each other without conflict. Below, the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments.
[0066] Definition of Terms
[0067] Fluid composition: including non-Newtonian fluid composition and Newtonian fluid composition. A fluid in which the shear stress at any point is a linear function of the shear deformation rate is referred to as a Newtonian fluid. For example, most pure liquids such as water and alcohol, light oils, and low molecular compound solutions are Newtonian fluids. A fluid that is not a Newtonian fluid is identified as non-Newtonian fluid, such as crude oil, toothpaste, lotion, face cream, shampoo, concentrated solutions and suspensions of high polymer, etc.
[0068] Personal care products: including all kinds of care products for beautifying, retaining or changing personal appearance, which can include facial care products such as facial cleansers, makeup removers, lotion, face cream, cosmetics, makeup, powder and other products; body care products such as hand sanitizer, shampoo, sunscreen, hair removal cream, body lotion, hand cream, antifreeze and other products; oral care products such as toothpaste, oral cleaning and nursing liquid and other products.
[0069] Shear conditions: referring to shear conditions under which a fluid composition is pre-conditioned in prior to a rheological test to determine its characteristic rheological parameters. The shear conditions include at least two controllable variables, which can be any relevant variables that can cause textural changes in the fluid composition, such as shear duration, shear rate, shear temperature, shear strain, radiation parameters, environmental pressure, extensional force, changes in electrolyte concentration, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, etc.
[0070] Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the method includes the following steps S101-103.
[0071] In step S101, a fluid composition is preconditioned, for example, sheared under predetermined shear conditions, the shear conditions including M-dimensional controllable variables, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
[0072] In step S102, a rheological test is performed on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain the characteristic rheological parameters.
[0073] In step S103, an M-dimensional data matrix formed by at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters is obtained to characterize rheological properties of the fluid composition.
[0074] In an alternative embodiment, the characterization method provided in this embodiment is mainly used to characterize rheological properties of a fluid composition, which can be a fluid composition in various fields such as personal care products, crude oil and natural gas, food, etc. The fluid composition can be various non-solid compositions such as liquid, colloid, semi-solid, etc.
[0075] In an alternative embodiment, the controllable variables in the shear conditions can be any relevant variables that can cause textural changes in the fluid composition. The shear conditions include M-dimensional controllable variables, and different values of the controllable variables can form different shear conditions. A rheometer can be used to precondition the fluid composition under the predetermined shear conditions, and then immediately perform a rheological test under the predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters measured by the rheometer, so as to characterize material properties of the fluid composition due to the applied shear impact. By setting the predetermined shear conditions to simulate a usage process of the fluid composition, characteristic rheological parameters obtained from the subsequent rheological test are used to characterize the textural changes of the fluid composition during the usage process and the textural recovery immediately after the usage. The characteristic rheological parameters can be any data that can embody the structural changes of the fluid composition under shear and the structural recovery after the removal of the shear.
[0076] In an alternative embodiment, an M-dimensional data matrix formed by at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters can be used to characterize the rheological properties of the fluid composition. One piece of characteristic rheological parameters is obtained from testing under each of the shear conditions correspondingly. One dimension of N pieces of data in the M-dimensional data matrix correspond to N different shear conditions, and the N different shear conditions are formed by combining N different variable values of the controllable variable in one of the dimensions with one variable value of each of the controllable variables in other dimensions.
[0077] For example, the shear conditions can be M dimensional controllable variables where M=2, denoted as Controllable Variable 1 and Controllable Variable 2. One variable value of Controllable Variable 1 and one variable value of Controllable Variable 2 can form one shear condition. Assuming that Controllable Variable 1 has a number a of different variable values, and Controllable Variable 2 has a number b of different variable values respectively (both a and b are integers greater than or equal to 2) , they can be combined to form a×b numbers of different shear conditions. Traversing these a×b shear conditions, a×b pieces of characteristic rheological parameters can be obtained from testing, which can form an M dimensional data matrix where M=2. The M-dimensional (2-dimensional) data matrix is of size a×b, and the 2-dimensional data with a size of a×b is shown in Table 1 as follows: Table 1
[0078] As shown in Table 1, the Controllable Variable 1 has a number a of different variable values x1. . . xa, and the Controllable Variable 2 has a number b of different variable values y1... yb respectively. The combination of different variable values of these two dimensions of controllable variables can obtain a×b different shear conditions as shown in Table 1. According to the sequence in Table 1, after shearing the fluid composition under shear conditions x1 and y1, one piece of characteristic rheological parameters S1 can be obtained by performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined conditions. Continuing to shear the fluid composition under shear conditions x1 and y2, one piece of characteristic rheological parameters S2 can be obtained by performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined conditions. So on and so forth, characteristic rheological parameters S1... Sb in the first row of Table 1 is obtained. Then the shear conditions are changed to obtain characteristic rheological parameters in the second row of Table 1. By traversing row by row, a×b pieces of characteristic rheological parameters S1... Sa×b can be obtained, presented as a two-dimensional data matrix as shown in Table 1. One column or row of data in the two-dimensional data matrix is a set of one-dimensional data. For the first column of one-dimensional data, the N=a pieces of one-dimensional data correspond to N=a shear conditions, and the N=a shear conditions are formed by a combination of N=a different variable values x1... xa of Controllable Variable 1 and one variable value y1 of Controllable Variable 2. For the first row of one-dimensional data, the N=b pieces of one-dimensional data correspond to N=b shear conditions, and the N=b shear conditions are formed by a combination of N=b different variable values y1... yb of Controllable Variable 2 and a variable value x1 of Controllable Variable 1.
[0079] Alternatively, as an example, the shear conditions may be M=3 controllable variables, denoted as Controllable Variable 1, Controllable Variable 2, and Controllable Variable 3. One variable value of Controllable Variable 1, one variable value of Controllable Variable 2, and one variable value of Controllable Variable 3 can form one shear condition. Assuming that Controllable Variable 1 has a number e of different variable values, Controllable Variable 2 has a number d of different variable values, and Controllable Variable 3 has a number f of different variable values respectively (e, d and f each is an integer greater than or equal to 2) , they can be combined to form e × d × f shear conditions. After shearing the fluid composition under one of the e × d × f shear conditions, a rheological test can be performed using a rheometer to obtain one piece of characteristic rheological parameters. Traversing the e × d × f shear conditions, e × d × f pieces of characteristic rheological parameters can be obtained. These e × d × f pieces of characteristic rheological parameters can form an M dimensional data matrix where M=3, which is a three-dimensional matrix of a size e × d × f. The M=3 dimensional data matrix of a e × d × f size can be shown in Table 2 as follows: Table 2
[0080] As shown in Table 2, the Controllable Variable 1 has a number e of different variable values x1. . . xe, the Controllable Variable 2 has a number d of different variable values y1... yd, and the Controllable Variable 3 has a number f of different variable values z1... zf respectively. The combination of different variable values of these three dimensions of controllable variables can obtain e × d × f different shear conditions as shown in Table 2, and then e × d × f pieces of characteristic rheological parameters S1... Se × d × f can be obtained from testing, presented as a three-dimensional data matrix in Table 2. One column of data in Table 2 is a set of one-dimensional data in the three-dimensional data matrix. For the first column of one-dimensional data, the N=e pieces of data correspond to N=e shear conditions, and the N= e shear conditions are formed by a combination of N=e different variable values x1... xe of Controllable Variable 1, one variable value y1 of Controllable Variable 2, and one variable value z1 of Controllable Variable 3. The data corresponding to the same variable value of Controllable Variable 3 in one row of data in Table 2 is a set of one-dimensional data in the three-dimensional data matrix. For the one-dimensional data (S1... Sd) corresponding to the first row z1 in Table 2, the N=d pieces of one-dimensional data correspond to N=d shear conditions, and the N=d shear conditions include those formed by a combination of one variable value x1 of Controllable Variable 1, one variable value z1 of Controllable Variable 3, and N=d different variable values y1... yd of Controllable Variable 2, respectively.
[0081] Nevertheless, in addition to the cases of M=2 or M=3 in the above examples, the number M of controllable variables in the shear conditions can also be 4, 5, 6, and so on. When M is set to 4, a four-dimensional data matrix can be obtained to characterize the rheological properties of the fluid composition, and the four-dimensional data matrix can be represented by a plurality of three-dimensional data matrices, which will not be illustrated one by one herein.
[0082] In an alternative embodiment, in order to better present data, for N different shear conditions corresponding to N pieces of one-dimensional data in an M-dimensional data matrix, N different variable values of one controllable variable in the N different shear conditions can be sorted in an order from high shear to low shear, or from low shear to high shear. Also, the characteristic rheological parameters in the M-dimensional data matrix are arranged corresponding to theses controllable variables.
[0083] Taking Table 1 as an example, Controllable Variable 1 has a number a of different variable values x1... xa in an order from small to large, and Controllable Variable 2 has a number b of different variable values y1... yb in an order from small to large respectively. Thus, the order of the characteristic rheological parameters in the resulted two-dimensional data matrix is shown in Table 1. The Controllable Variable 2 corresponding to the characteristic rheological parameters gradually increases from left to right, and the Controllable Variable 1 corresponding to the characteristic rheological parameters gradually increases from top to bottom. This M-dimensional data matrix of characteristic rheological parameters sorted in correspondence with logically arranged shear conditions enables researchers to have a clearer understanding of the changes in rheological properties of fluid compositions under gradually changing controllable variables.
[0084] In an alternative embodiment, the shear conditions include at least two of the following parameters: temperature, humidity, shear rate, shear duration, water evaporation parameters, salinity, magnetic field parameters (such as magnetic field strength, etc. ) , electric field parameters (such as electric field strength, etc. ) , extensional displacement, extensional force, pressure, radial oscillation shear parameters (such as oscillation period, amplitude, etc. ) , axial oscillation shear parameters, neutron radiation parameters (such as radiation intensity, etc. ) , X-ray radiation parameters, ultraviolet radiation parameters, visible light radiation parameters, and addition amount of chemical reagent (such as electrolyte concentration, etc. ) .
[0085] In this embodiment, two or more parameters can be selected from the above parameters based on the material properties of the fluid composition, or the application protocol of the fluid composition, as two or more dimensions for mapping the rheological properties of the fluid composition during usage.
[0086] Nevertheless, the control variables in the shear conditions are not limited to the above parameters, and will not be listed one by one here.
[0087] In an alternative embodiment, the shear conditions may include controllable variables of two dimensions from the above parameters.
[0088] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product, the two-dimensional controllable variables are shear rate and shear duration.
[0089] Here, the controllable variables of the two dimensions shear rate and shear duration are the most typical regulatory parameters that affect the textural transformation of personal care products. Therefore, by controlling variable values of the controllable variables in the two dimensions, it is possible to simulate the usage behavior of ordinary users of personal care products. For example, by applying different shear rates × different shear durations to simulate the consumer's application action. Thus, the characteristic rheological parameters obtained from rheological testing using a rheometer after the fluid composition is sheared under shear conditions can well identify the structural changes during usage and the structural recovery immediately after usage of the fluid composition of the personal care product. In the data matrix formed by the shear conditions created by these two controllable variables, as the values of these two controllable variables increase from left to right and from top to bottom, the amount of shear experienced by the personal care product increases with the shear (preconditioning) procedure of the rheometer.
[0090] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a food fluid composition, the two-dimensional controllable variables are electric field parameters and shear rate.
[0091] Here, research has found that Electrorheology (ER) can improve food processing. For example, using ER technology can produce healthier and more delicious chocolate. By combining ER with a high shear rate, the processability of chocolate can be explored under conditions close to the maximum random blockage density, which solves the historical limitations of low-fat chocolate production. The inventor's research has found that the properties of chocolate samples can be characterized by testing the characteristic rheological parameters of chocolate samples, such as viscosity, after shearing at different combinations of shear rates and electric fields. This allows for the construction of viscosity (textural) profiles of chocolate processed under these processing conditions, resulting in more delicious chocolate. Since the above tests can be easily conducted using a rheometer, there is no longer a need to build expensive facility for lab-scale production trials.
[0092] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product including a material with photocatalytic properties, the shear conditions may include ultraviolet radiation and temperature in addition to shear rate and shear duration.
[0093] Here, in the personal care product industry, certain products containing materials with photocatalytic properties can degrade due to UV (Ultraviolet) exposure. For example, TiO2 (titanium dioxide) is commonly used in personal care products to achieve skin tone regulation or provide sun protection, but TiO2 acts as a photocatalyst when exposed to UV light (including UV from sunlight) . TiO2 can absorb UV light and generate electron hole pairs, which can migrate to the surface of TiO2 particles where they can react with water and oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) , such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions. These ROS are very active and can cause oxidative damage. Although it is generally considered safe if formulated properly, it is advisable for personal care product formulators to test the interaction between formulations containing materials with photocatalytic properties and UV exposure as well as high temperatures to simulate sunlight exposure when the skin is coated with personal care products. During the testing period, shear conditions constructed with different shear rates and shear durations, different UV doses, and different temperatures can be applied to the in vitro epidermal model, and the modulus of the in vitro epidermal model can be monitored and extracted as characteristic rheological parameters, as viscosity cannot be measured for non-flowing samples. However, if only the formulation bulk is tested, viscosity can be measured as characteristic rheological parameters like in other examples. This method can be used to evaluate the safety and stability of new raw materials or sunscreen personal care products containing materials with photocatalytic properties.
[0094] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product used above a predetermined temperature, the shear conditions are shear rate and temperature.
[0095] Here, some personal care products are not sensitive to shear duration, but their applications involve heating processes. For example, shampoo is usually used in high-temperature environments such as shower stalls, and UV protection products are usually used under sunlight exposure. In this case, shear rate and temperature can be chosen as two dimensions mapping the rheological properties of these personal care products that need to be used at elevated temperatures. Naturally, in another alternative embodiment, some personal care products are sensitive to shear duration and involve heating processes during usage. At this time, the shear conditions can also be shear rate, shear duration, and temperature.
[0096] In an alternative embodiment, the shear conditions may include parameters from three dimensions among the aforementioned parameters.
[0097] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a fluid composition in the crude oil and natural gas field, the three-dimensional controllable variables are temperature, pressure, and radiation parameters.
[0098] Here, in the field of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) , polymer and / or surfactant injection is commonly used to alter the environment in oil bearing rocks / sand layers deep below the Earth surface. Thus it is necessary to develop polymer / surfactant mixtures that can resist underground environments. Usually in oil reservoirs, temperature and pressure increase with depth. Due to the presence of various naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in the crust, some of the most common including uranium, thorium, and their decay products such as radium and radon, radiation levels may increase due to the presence of radioactive minerals near the reservoir. Temperature, pressure, and radiation can have adverse effects on the properties of polymers / surfactants. Therefore, using the method provided in the present disclosure, in order to understand the rheological behavior of polymer / surfactant mixtures under underground conditions, the effects of different temperatures, pressures, and radiation can be studied in a controlled laboratory environment without having to undertake expensive on-site testing activities in actual production environments.
[0099] In an alternative embodiment, when the fluid composition is a personal care product, the three-dimensional controllable variables are shear duration, shear rate, and electrolyte concentration.
[0100] Here, personal care products mix electrolytes such as sweat on the user's skin during usage, so shear rate, shear duration, and electrolyte concentration can be selected as the three dimensions to map the rheological properties of personal care products during usage.
[0101] In an alternative embodiment, performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0102] starting timing from the end of preconditioning the fluid composition under the predetermined shear conditions, and after a predetermined period of time, performing the rheological test under the predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters.
[0103] In this embodiment, since the test provided in the present disclosure mainly identifies the properties of the fluid composition immediately after the shear deformation step, timing can be started from the end of preconditioning the fluid composition under predetermined shear conditions. It is necessary to perform a rheological test immediately, or after a brief period of predetermined time, which ranges from 0-10s.
[0104] In an alternative embodiment, performing a rheological test under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0105] shearing the fluid composition at a preset shear rate for a preset shear duration, to obtain characteristic rheological parameters.
[0106] In this embodiment, the preset shear rate during the rheological test needs to be very low to ensure that the fluid composition can have a structural recovery, with a range of values including 0.001-0.1 1 / s. The preset shear duration needs to enable the fluid composition to begin structural recovery and reach the measurement plateau. After reaching the measurement plateau, the rheological properties of the fluid composition that need to be measured have reached a steady state. The range of values for the preset shear duration includes 300-1800 seconds.
[0107] In an alternative embodiment, obtaining the measured characteristic rheological parameters includes:
[0108] determining an average viscosity measured during a part of time within the preset shear duration as the characteristic rheological parameters, wherein the part of time starts from a predetermined time instance within the preset shear duration and ends at the last time instance within the preset shear duration.
[0109] In this embodiment, the rheological test is used to generate characteristic rheological parameters to represent the properties, including the terminal shear viscosity, and the terminal yield stress of the fluid composition. The characteristic rheological parameters can be selected based on direct observation or model fitting. Preferably, the characteristic rheological parameters can be viscosity. In other implementations, if viscosity cannot be tested, modulus (such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, compression modulus) can be used as the characteristic rheological parameters.
[0110] In this embodiment, during the rheological test, the fluid composition can be sheared at a preset shear rate for a preset shear duration, and the viscosity of the fluid composition during the preset shear duration can be monitored. The average viscosity during a part of time within the preset shear duration can be used as the measured characteristic rheological parameters. The part of time starts from a predetermined time instance within the preset shear duration and ends at the last time instance within the preset shear duration. For example, the average viscosity during the second half of the preset shear duration can be used as the measured characteristic rheological parameters.
[0111] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:
[0112] converting the M-dimensional data matrix into an M-dimensional grid of colors based on a correspondence between data values of predetermined characteristic rheological parameters and color values;
[0113] interpolating the M-dimensional grid of colors using an interpolation technique and converting the M-dimensional grid of colors into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map.
[0114] In this embodiment, in order to visualize the test results more intuitively, the textural transformation represented by the M-dimensional data matrix can be visualized. As the M-dimensional data matrix is a two-dimensional or multidimensional matrix containing at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters, when visualizing the M-dimensional data matrix, it is usually not feasible to assign values to the textural transformation based on numerical comparison. Moreover, the textural transformation is based on the changes of M-dimensional controllable variables. Therefore, a pseudo color chart can be used to better visualize the textural transformation process.
[0115] In this embodiment, when visualizing the M-dimensional data matrix, a mapping between numerical values of characteristic rheological parameters and color can be defined. For example, a data range of characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to color value 1 can be defined as (S11, S12] , a data range of characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to color value 2 can be defined as (S12, S13] , and so on. Alternatively, a color scale can be defined to represent the maximum and minimum values of characteristic rheological parameters using colors at both ends of the scale. The data range of the whole characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to the defined color value range can exceed or include the value range of the characteristic rheological parameters in the M-dimensional data matrix mentioned above. By querying the correspondence between the data values and color values of the predetermined characteristic rheological parameters, the color values corresponding to respective characteristic rheological parameters in the M-dimensional data matrix can be determined. The M-dimensional data matrix can be converted into an M-dimensional grid of colors, where the color values of each grid of colors represent a characteristic rheological parameters. Then, interpolating is performed on the M-dimensional grid of colors using an interpolation technique, and the M-dimensional grid of colors can be converted into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map.
[0116] In this embodiment, after converting the data in the M-dimensional data matrix into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map, the M-dimensional pseudo-color map can be presented to consumers. For example, the corresponding M-dimensional pseudo-color map of the product can be presented in the product introduction section of the product website or shopping platform, so that consumers can understand the specific situation of the product.
[0117] In an alternative embodiment, the interpolation mentioned above may include any interpolation technique such as Bicubic, Bilinear, Spline, Nearest Neighbor, Kriging, Polynomial, Barycentric, Radial Bassi Function, Thin Plate Spline, Piecewise linear, Fourier, etc.
[0118] In this embodiment, the M-dimensional data matrix can be converted into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map, simplifying complex M-dimensional characteristic rheological parameters into a single M-dimensional pseudo-color map, making it easy to identify the textural transformation process of the fluid composition during usage.
[0119] In an alternative embodiment, when M is greater than or equal to 3, the M-dimensional pseudo-color map includes one or more three-dimensional pseudo-color maps, and the method further includes:
[0120] for a three-dimensional color map, determining three-dimensional controllable variables corresponding to the three-dimensional pseudo-color map;
[0121] selecting any two controllable variables from the three-dimensional controllable variables;
[0122] extracting, from the three-dimensional color map, a two-dimensional pseudo-color map corresponding to the selected two controllable variables.
[0123] In this embodiment, when M is equal to 3, a third dimension can be added to the two-dimensional pseudo-color map using a stacking technique to obtain a three-dimensional pseudo-color map. When M is greater than or equal to 4, two or more three-dimensional pseudo-color maps can be used to represent the 4-dimensional data matrix.
[0124] In this embodiment, assuming M is equal to 3, a three-dimensional color map is obtained, and the three-dimensional controllable variables corresponding to the three-dimensional pseudo-color map are determined as Controllable Variable 1, Controllable Variable 2, and Controllable Variable 3, respectively. Any two controllable variables are selected from the three-dimensional controllable variables, such as Controllable Variable 1 and Controllable Variable 2. A two-dimensional pseudo-color map corresponding to the two controllable variables (Controllable Variable 1 and Controllable Variable 2) can be extracted from the three two-dimensional pseudo-color maps of the three-dimensional color map. In this way, although the combination of these two controllable variables was not specifically tested during the data generation stage, the two-dimensional pseudo-color map corresponding to these two controllable variables can still be obtained from a higher-dimensional color map, achieving compatibility between higher-dimensional testing and two-dimensional testing.
[0125] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:
[0126] calculating a textural transformation index T according to the following formula:
[0127] T=1- (Smin / Smax) ;
[0128] where Smin is the minimum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters, and Smax is the maximum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters.
[0129] In this embodiment, in some scenarios, especially in production environments, dozens of samples can be generated to obtain pseudo-color maps corresponding to these dozens of samples. This situation requires a more refined index to provide comparison for these converted pseudo-color maps. Therefore, this embodiment proposes a new parameter to further simplify the variation of pseudo-color maps into a single parameter, namely the textural transformation index T.
[0130] In this embodiment, T=1- (Smin / Smax) , and the textural transformation index T represents a decrease amount in characteristic rheological parameters from the start of the first shear condition to the end of the last shear condition during the analysis and testing process. Especially when using shear rate and shear duration as shear conditions, T can represent a logical structural change as a result of shear energy input during application of personal care products. By performing calculations, the parameter T can be used to represent the degree of textural change, accompanying a pseudo-color map.
[0131] In other implementations, the following formula can also be used to calculate the textural transformation index T: T=1- (Send / Sinitial) , where Sinitial is the characteristic rheological parameters obtained from the corresponding test under the first shear condition (i.e. the maximum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters) , and Send is the characteristic rheological parameters obtained from the corresponding test under the last shear condition (the minimum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters) . Here, the variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the first shear condition are all the minimum values among the variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension. As the test progresses, the variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables gradually increase, and the variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the last shear condition are all the maximum values among the variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension.
[0132] In another alternative embodiment, when M is greater than or equal to 3, the number of dimensions used in calculating T can be reduced. For example, controllable variables from any two dimensions can be selected from multidimensional data, and with the variable values of the controllable variables in the selected two dimensions varied while the variable values of the controllable variables in other dimensions fixed, the characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to all shear conditions is obtained to calculate T=1- (Smin / Smax) , where Smin is the minimum value in the characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to all shear conditions, and Smax is the maximum value in the characteristic rheological parameters corresponding to all shear conditions.
[0133] The method for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition provided in the present disclosure can effectively characterize the rich textural transformation exhibited by the fluid composition during usage, effectively capture the small textural differences of the fluid composition under different usage conditions, and distinguish the textural differences between different fluid compositions. Conventional methods cannot effectively characterize many fluid compositions, and multiple examples and comparative examples are used below to illustrate.
[0134] Example 1:
[0135] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 1, and the shear conditions include two-dimensional controllable variables: shear duration and shear rate. Each dimension of controllable variables has three different variable values, and a total of 3 × 3=9 different shear histories are experienced under combinations of three different shear rates and three different shear durations. Finally, a two-dimensional 3 × 3 data matrix is generated, and bicubic interpolation is used for visualization. In this example, the control method of two-dimensional controllable variables is to simulate the usage behavior of regular users, and the movement of users applying personal care products is simulated by applying different shear rates multiplied by different shear durations.
[0136] Here, there are three different shear rates of 20 1 / s, 200 1 / s, and 2000 1 / s, and three different shear durations of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s. The specific testing process is as follows.
[0137] In the first step, a shearing step is performed to apply a first shear rate of 20 1 / s for 10 seconds, followed by a rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 1 at a shear rate of 0.1 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed at a speed of 20 1 / s to further shear the personal care product 1 for 30 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 1 at a shear rate of 0.1 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed to shear the personal care product 1 at a speed of 20 1 / s for 60 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress at a speed of 0.1 1 / s for 600 seconds. In each shearing step (at 20 1 / s) , viscosity is not used for analysis, and shear stress is collected in each rheological testing step. Thus, by collecting shear stress from the measurement steps and calculating viscosity, in this example, an average viscosity value from the last 300 seconds in each rheological testing step can be used as the characteristic rheological parameters to represent the yield strength of the personal care product 1 after shear. The second and third steps follow the same method as the first step, except that the shear rate during the shearing step is increased to the second shear rate of 200 1 / s and the third shear rate of 2000 1 / s, respectively.
[0138] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]The raw data obtained by the rheometer during the above test is shown in Fig. 2A. The horizontal axis in Fig. 2A is a time axis, and the vertical axis shows the viscosity. In Fig. 2A, the solid triangle annotation data is the viscosity data obtained in the first step at a first shear rate of 20 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The solid circle annotation datais the viscosity data obtained in the second step at a second shear rate of 200 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The remaining data is the viscosity data obtained in the second step at a third shear rate of 2000 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. Based on this, the average viscosity value from 300 seconds after each rheological testing step can be calculated as the characteristic rheological parameters, to obtain a 3 × 3 data matrix. The 3 × 3 data matrix is a direct result of rheological testing under 2D controllable variables, therefore the 2D data matrix of 3 × 3 can be listed in the following table: Table 3
[0139] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]When visualizing the 2D data matrix mentioned above, a color scale of a divergent type is defined, using dark area (upper left area) to represent the maximum viscosity value of 500 cP, light area (lower right area) to represent the minimum viscosity value of 0 cP, and grey area (middle area) to represent the average value of 250 cP, as shown in Fig. 2B, with the color scales shown to the right in the diagrams. The data matrix can be transformed into the grid of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 2B. By performing bicubic interpolation on the original data in the data matrix, the grid of colors can be transformed into a pseudo-color map shown in the right diagram of Fig. 2B.
[0140] Also, the textural transformation index corresponding to the pseudo-color map is calculated as T=1- (Smin / Smax) =1- (78 / 294) =73%.
[0141] The high viscosity to low viscosity transformation as well as the degree of change parameters for the personal care product 1 during the testing process are consistent with the textural evaluation by trained experts. In this way, the tested viscosity can effectively capture the small changes in the rheological properties of the personal care product 1 during different user usage processes.
[0142] It shall be noted that, since rheological testings for characteristic rheological parameters are performed with the combination of a plurality of shear conditions, it is possible to perform the measurements for certain controllable variable (especially for shear duration) in a continuous way. For example, when the first controllable variable is fixed, it is possible to continuously perform a number of measurements based on different shear durations, as shown in Fig. 2A, a shear rate is fixed at 20 1 / s, a number of measurements with shear duration at 10s, 30s and 60s respectively are continuously performed in a continuous manner of time. Alternatively, it is also possible to perform each testing completely independent from the other measurements. By either performing the measurements in a continuous manner as shown in Fig 2A or performing all measurements separately, the M-dimensional matrix can be created.
[0143] Example 2:
[0144] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 2, and the shear conditions include two-dimensional controllable variables: shear duration and shear rate. Different from Example 1, it has 3 shear rates and 5 shear durations. Under the combination of 3 different shear rates and 5 different shear durations, a total of 15 different shear histories are experienced, resulting in a 2D data matrix of 3 × 5. The interpolation technique used for visualization is spline interpolation. In this example, the number of variable values for controllable variables in two dimensions is not the same.
[0145] Here, there are three different shear rates of 20 1 / s, 200 1 / s, and 2000 1 / s, and three different shear durations of 10 s, 40 s, 160 s, 460 s, and 1060 s. The specific testing process is the same as Example 1, except that the values of shear rate and shear duration are different, and the number of shear histories experienced is also different. The 3 × 5 data matrix formed by the characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. average viscosity) measured in this way is shown in the following table: Table 4
[0146] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]When visualizing the 2D data matrix shown in Table 4, a color scale is defined. As shown in Fig. 3, dark area (upper left area) represents the maximum viscosity value of 2220 cP, and light area (lower right area) represents the minimum viscosity value of 1200 cP. The color scales are shown to the right in Fig. 3. The data matrix can be transformed into a grid of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 3. By performing spline interpolation on the original data in the data matrix, the grid of colors can be transformed into the pseudo-color map shown in the right diagram of Fig. 3.
[0147] Also, the textural transformation index corresponding to the pseudo-color map is calculated as T=1- (Smin / Smax) =1- (1212 / 2214) =45%.
[0148] Please note that generally speaking, polymer solutions have the characteristic of shear thinning, so viscosity is expected to decrease due to longer shear duration or higher shear strength (shear rate) . In Example 1 and Fig. 2B, the response of the personal care product 1 follows the expected behavior, that is, from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of Table 3, as the energy input increases (i.e., the shear rate and the shear duration increase) , the viscosity of the personal care product 1 gradually decreases. However, for the personal care product 2, it can be noted that the viscosity of the personal care product 2 increases during the process of changing the shear rate from 200 1 / s to 2000 1 / s at shear durations of 10s, 40s, and 160s, and decreases during the process of changing the shear rate from 200 1 / s to 2000 1 / s at shear durations of 460s and 1060s.
[0149] Based on the left diagram of Fig. 3, in this grid of colors without interpolation processing, some unusual changes in the texture of the personal care product 2 can be seen from the rectangular box delimited area in the left diagram of Fig. 3. It can be noticed that the personal care product 2 exhibits abnormal behavior (thickening phenomenon) at lower shear durations at higher shear rates (shear rate=2000 1 / s) . In the right diagram of Fig. 3, after interpolation, it is more evident that the thickening phenomenon is more severe and covers a wider range of shear rates and shear durations, as indicated by the dashed area in the right diagram of Fig. 3. Effectively, the interpolated pseudo-color map helps to improve the sensitivity of detecting textural transformation without increasing the complexity of the experimental procedure.
[0150] Compared with the personal care product 1, as well as general personal care products and personal care product raw material aqueous solutions, this is a unique phenomenon. This feature is of great significance for the development of personal care products and the consumer experience in using the products. In summary, for some special physical and chemical phenomena in personal care products or aqueous solutions of personal care product raw materials, only the testing methods described in the present disclosure can be used to detect them. This example can prove that the method provided in the present disclosure can accurately capture the special textural changes of fluid compositions.
[0151] Please note that if the shear duration in the shear conditions of Example 2 is only 10s, 40s, and 160s, the 3 × 3 data matrix formed by the measured characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. average viscosity) is shown in Table 4.1 below: Table 4.1
[0152] In this case, if the textural transformation index T is calculated using the formula T=1-(Smin / Smax) , T=1- (1693 / 2214) =0.23 can be obtained. If the formula T=1- (Send / Sinitial) is used to calculate the textural transformation index T, T=1- (1598 / 2214) =0.28 can be obtained. From this, it can be seen that there is a certain difference in the calculation results of these two textural transformation indexes, which is caused by the special property of personal care product 2.
[0153] For general samples, due to the negative correlation between the characteristic rheological parameters obtained during the measurement process and the shear history it experiences (i.e. shear thinning) , or due to temperature changes, viscosity or modulus always decreases during the heating process. For such materials, equivalent textural transformation indexes can be obtained through the above two formulas. However, for some special materials, such as the personal care product 2 described in Example 2, under certain experimental conditions, T=1- (Send / Sinitial) can more intuitively reflect the textural transformation properties exhibited by these special personal care products or material systems.
[0154] Example 3:
[0155] The fluid composition to be tested is the same as in Example 1, both of which are the personal care product 1. The shear conditions are also the same as in Example 1, but the shear rate in the rheological testing step is reduced from 0.1 1 / sin Example 1 to 0.05 1 / s, to indicate that for the method provided in the present disclosure, the rheological test can be conducted under different predetermined conditions (different from the 0.1 1 / sshear rate in Example 1) .
[0156] Here, there are three different shear rates of 20 1 / s, 200 1 / s, and 2000 1 / s, and three different shear durations of 10 s, 30 s, and 60 s. The specific testing process is as follows:
[0157] In the first step, a shearing step is performed to apply a first shear rate of 20 1 / s for 10 seconds, followed by a rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 1 at a shear rate of 0.05 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed at a speed of 20 1 / s to further shear the personal care product 1 for 30 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 1 at a shear rate of 0.05 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed to shear the personal care product 1 at a speed of 20 1 / s for 60 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress at a speed of 0.05 1 / s for 600 seconds. In each shearing step (20 1 / s) , viscosity is not used for analysis, and shear stress is collected in each rheological testing step. Thus, by collecting shear stress from the measurement steps and calculating viscosity, in this example, an average viscosity value from the last 300 seconds in each rheological testing step can be used as the characteristic rheological parameters to represent the yield strength of the personal care product 1 after shear. The second and third steps follow the same method as the first step, except that the shear rate in the shear conditions is increased to 200 1 / s and 2000 1 / s, respectively.
[0158] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]The raw data of the rheometer during the above steps are shown in Fig. 4A. The horizontal axis in Fig. 4A is the time axis, and the vertical axis shows the viscosity. In Fig. 4A, the solid triangle annotation data is the viscosity data obtained in the first step at a first shear rate of 20 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The solid circle annotation data is the viscosity data obtained in the second step at a second shear rate of 200 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The remaining data is the viscosity data obtained in the second step at a third shear rate of 2000 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The obtained characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. average viscosity) can be presented in a 3 × 3 matrix as shown in the table below: Table 5
[0159] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]When visualizing the 2D data matrix shown in Fig. 5, a color scale of a divergent type is defined, using dark area (upper left area) to represent the maximum viscosity value of 500 cP, light area (lower right area) to represent the minimum viscosity value of 0 cP, and grey area (middle aera) to represent the average value of 250 cP, with the color scales shown to the right in Fig. 4B. The data matrix can be transformed into the grid of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 4B. By performing bicubic interpolation on the original data in the data matrix, the grid of colors can be transformed into a pseudo-color map shown in the right diagram of Fig. 4B.
[0160] Due to the different shear rates (0.05 1 / s) used in measuring the average viscosity compared to Example 1 (0.1 1 / s) , the values of the average viscosity are different. However, the pattern of textural changes in the personal care product 1 remains unchanged.
[0161] Also, the textural transformation index corresponding to the pseudo-color map is calculated as T=1- (Smin / Smax) =1- (111 / 412) =73%.
[0162] The high viscosity to low viscosity transformation as well as the degree of change parameters for the personal care product 1 in Example 3 during the testing process are consistent with the textural evaluation by trained experts. Moreover, although there are some differences in the testing protocols of Example 1 and Example 3 (the shear rate in the rheological testing step is reduced from 0.1 1 / sin Example 1 to 0.05 1 / sin Example 3) , the textural transformation index T calculated by both is consistent (both are 73%) , indicating that when the same experimental protocol is followed for the same sample, the use of either shear rate for generation of characteristic rheological parameters within the preferred range would have generated valid comparative analysis results.
[0163] Example 4:
[0164] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 3, and the shear conditions include two-dimensional controllable variables: shear duration and shear rate; With 2 shear rates and 3 shear durations, a total of 2 × 3=6 different shear histories are experienced under 2 different combinations of shear rates and 3 different shear durations, resulting in a two-dimensional 2 × 3 data matrix. The interpolation technique used for visualization is bicubic interpolation. In this example, a very small shear rate of 0.01 1 / sis used during testing to demonstrate that characteristic rheological parameters (such as an average viscosity) can be measured under different predetermined conditions.
[0165] Here, the two different shear rates are 20 1 / s and 200 1 / s, and three different shear durations are 10 s, 30 s, and 120 s. The specific testing process is as follows.
[0166] In the first step, a shearing step is performed to apply a first shear rate of 20 1 / s for 10 seconds, followed by a rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 3 at a shear rate of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed at a speed of 20 1 / s to further shear the personal care product 3 for 30 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 3 at a shear rate of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed to shear the personal care product 3 at a speed of 20 1 / s for 60 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress at a speed of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. The second step follows the same procedure as the first step, except that the shear rate in the shear conditions is increased to 200 1 / s. In each shearing step (at 20 1 / s and 200 1 / s) , viscosity is not used for analysis, and shear stress is collected in each measurement step. Thus, by collecting characteristic rheological parameters from the measurement steps, in this example, the average viscosity value from the last 300 seconds of each measurement step (i.e. measurement at a shear rate of 0.05 1 / s) can be used as the characteristic rheological parameters to represent the yield strength of the personal care product 3 after shear.
[0167] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]The raw data of the rheometer during the above steps are shown in Fig. 5A. The horizontal axis in Fig. 5A is the time axis, and the vertical axis shows the viscosity. In Fig. 5A, the solid triangle annotation data is the viscosity data obtained in the first step at a first shear rate of 20 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 120 seconds, respectively. The solid circle annotation data is the viscosity data obtained in the second step at a second shear rate of 200 1 / sand for shear durations of 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 120 seconds, respectively. The measured characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. average viscosity) is shown in the 2 × 3 matrix in the table below: Table 6
[0168] When visualizing the 2D data matrix shown in Table 6, a greyscale color scale is used, using black to represent the maximum viscosity value of 35000 cP and white to represent the minimum viscosity value of 20000 cP. The color scales are shown to the right in the diagrams. The data matrix can be transformed into the grid of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 5B. By performing bicubic interpolation on the original data in the data matrix, the grid of colors can be transformed into a pseudo-color map shown in the right diagram of Fig. 5B.
[0169] Example 5:
[0170] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 4, and the shear conditions include three-dimensional controllable variables: shear duration, shear rate, and electrolyte concentration. In this example, the effectiveness of generating a three-dimensional data matrix is demonstrated using a high-dimensional approach. The personal care product 4 it represents is a polymer solution that is relatively sensitive to the influence of electrolytes. Although the use of two-dimensional controllable variables is sufficient to demonstrate the transformation process of the personal care product 4, its sensitivity to electrolytes requires a three-dimensional controllable variable to characterize and visualize.
[0171] Here, in the three-dimensional controllable variables, there are three different values for shear rate: 12 1 / s, 144 1 / s, and 2016 1 / s; three different values for shear duration: 10s, 30s, and 120s; and three different values for electrolyte concentration: 2%, 4%, and 8%. The specific testing process is as follows
[0172] In the first step, a shearing step is performed to apply a first shear rate of 12 1 / s to the personal care product 4 with an electrolyte concentration of 2%for 10 seconds. Then, a rheological testing step is performed to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 4 at a shear rate of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed at a speed of 12 1 / s to further shear the personal care product 4 with an electrolyte concentration of 2%for 30 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress of the personal care product 4 at a shear rate of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. Then the shearing step is continued to be performed to shear the personal care product 4 with an electrolyte concentration of 2%at a speed of 12 1 / s for 120 seconds, followed by the rheological testing step to measure the shear stress at a speed of 0.01 1 / s for 600 seconds. The second step follows the same procedure as the first step, except that the shear rate in the shear conditions is increased to 144 1 / s. In the third step, the shear rate in the shear conditions is increased to 2016 1 / s. As there is a controllable variable in the third dimension, namely electrolyte concentration, in this example, the first to third steps will be repeated for the personal care product 4 with electrolyte concentrations of 4%and 8%, respectively. A total of 27 shear conditions will be checked to achieve the output of 27 average viscosities, which are the average viscosity values from the last 300 seconds of the shear stress measurement part.
[0173] The measured characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. average viscosity) is shown in the 3 × 3 × 3 three-dimensional data matrix in the table below: Table 7
[0174] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]When visualizing the 3D data matrix shown in Table 7, a color scale is defined, using dark area (left upper area) to represent the maximum viscosity value of 7500 cP and light grey area (lower right area) to represent the minimum viscosity value of 2000 cP. The color scales are displayed on the right side of the diagrams. The data matrix can be transformed into the grids of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 6A. The two-dimensional grids of colors of the two-dimensional data matrix are displayed from left to right for electrolyte concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8%, respectively. The three two-dimensional grids of colors can be further stacked to form the three-dimensional grid of colors shown in Fig. 6B, which visualizes the three-dimensional data matrix. From the three-dimensional diagram shown in Fig. 6B, it is easy to see the transition caused by an increase in shear duration (from left to right) , as well as the effects of an increase in shear rate (from back to front) and an increase in additional electrolyte (from top to bottom) . Of course, interpolation can be performed on the raw data in the data matrix to convert the 3D grid of colors into a 3D pseudo-color map.
[0175] Also, the textural transformation index corresponding to the pseudo-color map is calculated as T=1- (Smin / Smax) =1- (2002 / 7375) to be 73%. The calculation of the textural transformation index T takes into account the effects of shear duration, shear rate, and electrolyte concentration.
[0176] In addition, it is possible to reduce the number of dimensions (i.e., generate two-dimensional data from the three-dimensional data) . For example, textural transformation due to shear duration and electrolyte concentration can be extracted from a three-dimensional pseudo-color map (i.e., the front facing plane of the three-dimensional pseudo-color map) , despite the combination of the two controlled variable was not specifically tested during the data generation phase. Hence, the high-dimensional approach is compatible with 2-dimensional approach.
[0177] Comparative Example 1:
[0178] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 1, and the testing method is based on the method described by Joyner in "Rheology of Semisolid Foods" . This method defines thixotropy as manifestation of hysteresis between two viscosity curves obtained at linearly-changing shear rates, and the thixotropic area can be calculated by measuring the difference between the lower curve and the upper curve.
[0179] According to the existing method mentioned above, a shear rate ramp (in linear) can be used to shear the personal care product 1, as shown in Fig. 7A. The shear rate can linearly increase from 1 1 / s to 1000 1 / s, and then linearly decrease back to 1 1 / s. The linear increase and decrease process of shear rate takes a total of 4 minutes, during which 2 minutes is assigned to the linear increase process of shear rate and 2 minutes is assigned to the linear decrease process of shear rate. In order to reflect the thixotropy or textural changes of the personal care product 1, the procedure is repeated 4 times, and the data are shown in Fig. 7A and Fig. 7B.
[0180] The test data is shown below. During the continuous shear cycle, the shear stress data of the first cycle is identical to that of the last (4th) cycle. The thixotropic areas of the four cycles are as follows:
[0181] 721 Pa / s
[0182] 595 Pa / s
[0183] 589 Pa / s
[0184] 586 Pa / s
[0185] It is evident that it is not possible to detect any meaningful textural transformation of the personal care product 1. It shows that due to the approximate thixotropic areas of cycles 2 / 3 / 4, the textural transformation stops immediately after the first cycle, which is inconsistent with the sensory evaluation of experts. By using the method disclosed in the present disclosure, the average viscosity tested in Example 1 shows high viscosity to low viscosity transformation and the degree of change parameters during the testing process which is consistent with the textural evaluation by trained experts. This shows that the method disclosed in the present disclosure can characterize the rheological properties of the fluid composition and effectively capture textural transformations in the fluid composition during usage.
[0186] In addition, during the rheological testing process using a rheometer, the measurement results shown in Comparative Example 1 is affected by the inertia of the sample and instrument. Although advanced rheometers generally have the function of correcting inertia, these functions cannot always completely eliminate the impact of inertia, especially in cases where the sample has a high mass and low viscosity. For example, Irvin M. Krieger recorded the occurrence of negative viscosity measurements in his article "Bingham Award Lecturer -1989: The role of instrument inertia in controlled stress rheometers" published in 1990 in the Journal of Rheology, issue 34, page 471 (as shown in Fig. 4 of the article) . In the technical solution described in Comparative Example 1, as shown in Fig. 7B, the shear stress (and by extension, viscosity via Newton’s Law of Viscosity) of the personal care product 1 shows negative values in the lower shear rate range, during the linear decrease of shear rate. It is well known that the viscosity of products will not be negative. Therefore, negative shear stresses shown in Fig. 7B indicate measurement error. This situation reflects the limitations of the instrument and the resulting error in measurement data. Such limitations cannot be overcome by existing technological means. Therefore, the thixotropic properties and textural transformation of the fluid composition obtained by the existing technological means used in Comparative Example 1 was affected by the inertia of the instrument and sample. And in the current disclosure a constant shear rate is used to perform rheological testing on the sample, so the characteristic rheological parameters will not be affected by the inertia of the sample and instrument. Thus better measurement results, compared to the Comparative Example, are obtained.
[0187] Comparative Example 2:
[0188] Compared with Example 2 mentioned above, the personal care product 2 is tested using the existing method disclosed in US 11456450, using a plurality of shear rates but only one fixed shear duration. The specific methods disclosed in US11456450 are as follows.
[0189] The analyte is introduced into the rheometer system, according to 0.1 1 / s->10 1 / s->0.1 1 / s->100 1 / s->0.1 1 / s->0.1 1 / s->1000 1 / s0.1 1 / s->1000 1 / s, while setting the retention time of each shear rate to 180 seconds. The stability is judged via a criterion that compares the viscosity measured at the second / third 0.1 1 / sinterval to the first 0.1 1 / sinterval. If the 2nd / 3rd viscosity measured at 0.1 1 / sreaches a level within 20%of the 1st 0.1 1 / sinterval, the battery slurry is thought to be stable, and unstable vice versa. The special requirement for this method is that for the first / third / and potentially all odd (measurement) steps, the shear rate should be around 0.1 1 / s. The duration of applying the third / fourth shear rate step is 180-260 seconds. The shear rate for 2nd / 4th step and additional subsequent even steps should increase 10 times or more per step.
[0190] According to the description in the existing technology above, as shown in Fig. 8, the shearing of the personal care product 2 is applied in six steps:
[0191] Step 1: Shear rate of 0.1 1 / s, duration of 250 seconds;
[0192] Step 2: Shear rate of 10 1 / s, duration of 250 seconds;
[0193] Step 3: Shear rate of 0.1 1 / s, duration of 250 seconds;
[0194] Step 4: Shear rate of 100 1 / s, duration of 250 seconds;
[0195] Step 5: Shear rate of 0.1 1 / s, duration of 250 seconds;
[0196] Step 6: Shear rate of 1000 1 / s and duration of 250 seconds.
[0197] The measured characteristic rheological parameters (i.e. viscosity) is shown in Fig. 8. As shown in the viscosity data in steps 1, 3, and 5 above, the viscosity of the personal care product 2 appears to decrease continuously. Apparently, this method failed to identify the true textural transformation process of the fluid composition.
[0198] Due to the fact that the existing technology only changes the shear rate and always uses the same duration to apply shear deformation, this method effectively captures just one dimension of the method introduced in the present disclosure, thereby missing important rheological information that is crucial for the development and evaluation of fluid composition formulations.
[0199] In addition, in manufacturing environments, it is necessary to produce the same product in different geographical locations and manufacturing conditions. There may also be slight differences in the rheological properties of products from different batches, and the differences between different batches are usually due to the following reasons, including but not limited to:
[0200] 1. Changes in raw materials: Components such as oils, surfactants, and especially those from natural sources may have slight variations in composition or quality between different batches. Even small differences can affect the stability, structural, or appearance of the product.
[0201] 2. Equipment wear and maintenance: The wear and tear of manufacturing equipment may result in differences during mixing or heating processes. For example, worn blades in the mixer may not generate the same shear force as new blades, resulting in inconsistency.
[0202] 3. Environmental factors: changes in humidity, temperature and even air quality in the manufacturing environment will affect the stability and quality of lotion. For example, when the ambient temperature is low, it may cause a slight increase in cooling rate, resulting in differences in viscosity or texture.
[0203] 4. Operator variability: Different ways in which operators handle the manufacturing process, such as small changes in time, ingredient addition sequence, or judgments made during the mixing process, may introduce batch to batch variability.
[0204] These factors highlight the importance of strict quality control measures, including raw material testing, precise control of manufacturing parameters, and consistent equipment maintenance, to minimize differences in products between different batches. These differences, however minute, may affect the texture of the final product, especially in the high-end personal care industry where the highest consistency is required for all manufactured products.
[0205] The existing evaluation process is usually conducted by experienced and highly trained persons in the field of sensory evaluation, as other methods (such as typical in vitro methods) may not be able to fully quantify these small differences. The method provided by the present disclosure can effectively identify the differences between products from different batches, thereby improving quality control and batch consistency.
[0206] Example 6:
[0207] The fluid composition to be tested is a personal care product 1a, and the testing procedure is consistent with Example 1. The formula of the personal care product 1a is the same as that of the personal care product 1, but the batch of raw materials used in the production of the personal care product 1a is different from that of the personal care product 1.
[0208] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]For the personal care product 1a, the raw data measured by the rheometer during the above testing is shown in Fig. 9A. The horizontal axis in Fig. 9A is the time axis, and the vertical axis shows the viscosity. The solid triangle annotation data represents the viscosity data measured in the first step at a first shear rate 20 1 / sfor shear durations 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The solid circle annotation data represents the viscosity data measured in the second step at a second shear rate 200 1 / sfor shear durations 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. The remaining data represents the viscosity data measured in the second step at a third shear rate 2000 1 / sfor shear durations 10 seconds, 30 seconds, and 60 seconds, respectively. Based on this, the average viscosity value from 300 seconds after each rheological testing step can be calculated as the characteristic rheological parameters, and a 3 × 3 data matrix can be obtained. The 3 × 3 data matrix is the direct result of rheological testing under 2D controllable variables, therefore the 2D data matrix of 3 × 3 can be shown in Table 8 below: Table 8
[0209] [Rectified under Rule 91, 05.12.2025]When visualizing the 2D data matrix shown in Table 8 above, a color scale of a divergent type is defined, using dark area (upper left area) to represent the maximum viscosity value of 500 cP, light area (lower right area) to represent the minimum viscosity value of 0 cP, and grey (middle area) to represent the average value of 250 cP, as shown in Fig. 9B, with the color scales shown to the right in the diagrams. The data matrix can be transformed into the grid of colors shown in the left diagram of Fig. 9B. By performing bicubic interpolation on the original data in the data matrix, the grid of colors can be transformed into a pseudo-color map shown in the right diagram of Fig. 9B.
[0210] After calculation, the textural transformation index T corresponding to the pseudo-color map can be obtained as T=1- (Smin / Smax) =1- (77 / 368) =78%.
[0211] By comparing the personal care product 1a with the personal care product 1 in Example 1, it can be clearly seen that the textural transformation index T of the sample has increased. After a detailed comparison of the data within the two-dimensional matrix, it can be seen that this phenomenon is due to some differences in the characteristic rheological parameters of the sample under the combination of lower shear rate and duration conditions (on the left and top of the matrix) , and almost no difference in the characteristic rheological parameters under the combination of higher shear rate and duration conditions (on the right and bottom of the matrix) .
[0212] A complete comparison was made between two batches of personal care products 1 and personal care products 1a through testing based on the present disclosure. Based on the test results obtained from the present disclosure, adjustments can be made to the production of personal care products to achieve better raw material control, production management, and smaller batch differences.
[0213] Trained experts evaluated the differences between the personal care product 1 and the personal care product 1a, but due to the very small differences between the two batches of products, the expert evaluation could not accurately assess the differences between the two samples. However, the method provided in the present disclosure can capture small structural differences between products from different batches.
[0214] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications, changes, and combinations can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention, and such modifications, changes, and combinations should be considered within the scope of the inventive concept.
[0215] In the aforementioned specification, specific examples have been described. However, ordinary skilled persons in the art can understand that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope of the invention described in the following claims. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive, and all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the teachings of the present invention. Furthermore, the described examples / embodiments / implementations should not be interpreted as mutually exclusive, but should be understood as potentially combinable if such combinations are allowed in any way. In other words, any features disclosed in any of the above examples / embodiments / implementations may be included in any other of the above examples / embodiments / implementations.
[0216] Beneficial effects, advantages, problem-solving solutions, and any elements that may result in any beneficial effects, advantages, or solutions becoming more apparent should not be interpreted as key, necessary, or essential features or elements of any or all claims. The invention claimed for protection is defined solely by the appended claims, including any amendments made during the pending period of this application and all equivalents to the granted claims.
[0217] The abstract of the present disclosure is provided to enable readers to quickly determine the nature of the technical disclosure. When submitting an abstract, it should be understood that the abstract is not intended to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Furthermore, in the aforementioned detailed description, it can be seen that various features are combined in various embodiments to simplify the disclosed content. Such disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than those explicitly stated in each claim. On the contrary, as reflected in the claims, the inventive subject matter may exist in all features of a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim independently serving as the subject matter of a separate claim.
[0218] The above description is only preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and an explanation of the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention referred to in the present disclosure is not limited to the specific combination of the above technical features, and should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept, for example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present disclosure.
Claims
1.Amethod for characterizing rheological properties of a fluid composition, comprising:preconditioning the fluid composition under predetermined shear conditions, the shear conditions comprising M-dimensional controllable variables, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2;performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters;obtaining an M-dimensional data matrix formed by at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters to characterize rheological properties of the fluid composition;wherein each piece of the characteristic rheological parameters corresponds to one shear condition, one dimension of N pieces of data in the M-dimensional data matrix correspond to N different shear conditions, and the N different shear conditions are formed by combining N different variable values of a controllable variable in one of the dimensions with respective one variable value of each of controllable variables in other dimensions, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.2.The method according to claim 1, whereinN different variable values of one controllable variable in the N different shear conditions are sorted in an order from large to small or from small to large, and the characteristic rheological parameters in the M-dimensional data matrix is sorted in an order of corresponding controllable variables.3.The method according to claim 1, whereinthe shear conditions comprise at least two of the following controllable variables: temperature, humidity, shear rate, shear duration, water evaporation parameters, salinity, magnetic field parameters, electric field parameters, extensional displacement, extensional force, pressure, radial oscillation shear parameters, axial oscillation shear parameters, neutron radiation parameters, X-ray radiation parameters, ultraviolet radiation parameters, visible light radiation parameters, and addition amount of chemical reagent.4.The method according to claim 3, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a personal care product, the shear conditions comprise shear rate and shear duration.5.The method according to claim 3, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a food fluid composition, the shear conditions comprise electric field parameters and shear rate.6.The method according to claim 4, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a personal care product comprising a material with photocatalytic properties, the shear conditions further comprise ultraviolet radiation and temperature.7.The method according to claim 4, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a personal care product used above a predetermined temperature, the shear conditions further comprise temperature.8.The method according to claim 3, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a fluid composition in a crude oil and natural gas field, the shear conditions comprise temperature, pressure, and radiation parameters.9.The method according to claim 3, whereinwhen the fluid composition is a personal care product, the shear conditions comprise shear duration, shear rate, and electrolyte concentration.10.The method according to claim 1, whereinsaid performing a rheological test on the sheared fluid composition under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters comprises:starting timing from the end of preconditioning the fluid composition under the predetermined shear conditions, and after a predetermined period of time, performing the rheological test under the predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters.11.The method according to claim 10, whereina range of values for the predetermined period of time comprises 0-10s.12.The method according to claim 1, whereinsaid performing a rheological test under predetermined testing conditions to obtain characteristic rheological parameters comprises:shearing the fluid composition at a preset shear rate for a preset shear duration, to obtain measured characteristic rheological parameters.13.The method according to claim 12, whereina range of values for the preset shear rate comprises 0.001-0.1 1 / s, and a range of values for the preset shear duration comprises 300-1800 s.14.The method according to claim 12, whereinsaid obtaining measured characteristic rheological parameters comprises:determining an average viscosity measured during a part of time within the preset shear duration as the characteristic rheological parameters, wherein the part of time starts from a predetermined time instance within the preset shear duration and ends at the last time instance within the preset shear duration.15.The method according to any one of claims 1-14, further comprising:converting the M-dimensional data matrix into an M-dimensional grid of colors based on a correspondence between data values of predetermined characteristic rheological parameters and color values;interpolating the M-dimensional grid of colors using a predetermined interpolation technique and converting the M-dimensional grid of colors into an M-dimensional pseudo-color map.16.The method according to claim 15, further comprising:calculating a textural transformation index T according to the following formula:T=1- (Smin / Smax) ;where Smin is the minimum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters, and Smax is the maximum value among the at least four pieces of characteristic rheological parameters.17.The method according to claim 15, further comprising:calculating a textural transformation index T according to the following formula:T=1- (Send / Sinitial) ;where Sinitial is characteristic rheological parameters obtained from a corresponding test under a first shear condition, Send is characteristic rheological parameters obtained from a corresponding test under a last shear condition, variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the first shear condition are all the minimum values among variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension, and variable values of the M-dimensional controllable variables under the last shear condition are all the maximum values among variable values of the controllable variables in this dimension.18.The method according to claim 15, whereinwhen M is greater than or equal to 3, the M-dimensional pseudo-color map comprises one or more three-dimensional pseudo-color maps, and the method further comprises:for a three-dimensional color map, determining three-dimensional controllable variables corresponding to the three-dimensional pseudo-color map;selecting any two controllable variables from the three-dimensional controllable variables;extracting, from the three-dimensional color map, a two-dimensional pseudo-color map corresponding to the selected two controllable variables.19.The method according to claim 15, whereinthe predetermined interpolation technique comprises any one interpolation technique of Bicubic, Bilinear, Spline, Nearest Neighbor, Kriging, Polynomial, Barycentric, Radial Bassi Function, Thin Plate Spline, Piecewise linear, Fourier, etc.