Communication apparatus and system

Abstract

The present application provides a communication apparatus and system. The communication apparatus is applied to a point to multi-point architecture connected through an optical fiber. The communication apparatus comprises an optical module, a processing module, a first element, and a second element. The first element is used for acquiring a second signal, and there is a correlation between the second signal and a first signal. The first signal comprises a signal received by the communication apparatus. The second element is used for coupling the second signal to a transmission link of the communication apparatus. The optical module is further used for converting the second signal into an optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to all secondary optical devices associated with the communication apparatus in the point to multi-point architecture. According to the present application, the existing hidden node problem in an optical fiber-based point to multi-point architecture can be solved, thereby improving the performance and stability of a Wi-Fi network.

Description

Communication devices and systems

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411501103.6, filed on October 24, 2024, entitled "Communication Apparatus and System", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of optical fiber communication, and more specifically, to a communication device and system. Background Technology

[0003] In the field of wireless communication, Wi-Fi networks, as a widely used wireless access technology, are crucial for users' daily use due to their performance and stability. However, the presence of hidden nodes in Wi-Fi networks can cause data packet collisions and losses, which has always been one of the main factors affecting network performance.

[0004] In a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) network architecture, the master and slave devices are connected via fiber optic cables. The master device centrally manages and controls the slave devices, and both the master and slave devices can simultaneously provide independent Wi-Fi access services. Fiber-to-the-room (FTTR) is a typical P2MP architecture that uses P2MP digital networking technology and connects the master device and multiple slave devices via optical splitters and fibers.

[0005] When station 1 sends a Wi-Fi signal to a master or slave device, if another station 2, located far away and unaware of STA1, also simultaneously sends a Wi-Fi signal to the master or slave device, the master or slave device will receive two Wi-Fi signals at the same time. This causes interference between the signals, making them unresolved and resulting in baseband data conflicts. The hidden node problem in the P2MP architecture leads to increased network latency, decreased throughput, and a negative impact on user experience.

[0006] Therefore, how to reduce the interference of hidden nodes in fiber-optic P2MP architecture on data transmission remains a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This application provides a communication device and system that can solve the hidden node problem in fiber-optic P2MP architecture and improve the performance and stability of Wi-Fi networks.

[0008] In a first aspect, a communication device is provided. This device is applied to a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architecture with fiber optic connectivity. The device includes an optical module, a processing module, a first element, and a second element. The first element is disposed in a receiving link between the optical module and the processing module, and the second element is disposed in a transmitting link between the processing module and the optical module. The first element and the second element are interconnected. Specifically, the optical module is used to convert an optical signal received by the communication device into an electrical signal, or to convert an electrical signal output by the processing module into an optical signal. The first element is used to acquire a second signal, which is a sub-signal of the first signal. The first signal includes the signal received by the communication device, and the first signal and the second signal are correlated. The second element is used to couple the second signal to the transmitting link of the communication device. The optical module is also used to convert the second signal into an optical signal and transmit it to a slave optical device associated with the communication device in the P2MP architecture.

[0009] Based on this technical solution, a new component is added to the communication device to form a new loopback branch within the device. The received signal is separated into sub-signals and transmitted back to the SFU in the architecture via the loopback branch. This puts the SFU in a state of transmitting loopback RF signals (sub-signals), while the SFU's receiving link is closed, preventing the SFU from receiving RF signals from associated sites. This solves the problem of hidden nodes in the P2MP architecture and reduces signal interference and baseband conflicts caused by hidden nodes. The technical solution disclosed in this application does not require additional signaling overhead, simplifying the interaction mechanism between devices in the architecture. Furthermore, it does not restrict the manufacturers of master and slave devices, solving the problem of low trigger rates for interaction mechanisms across different manufacturers. The technical solution disclosed in this application has low requirements for device complexity, low overall implementation cost, and high slave device response rate, effectively solving the interference caused by hidden nodes to the communication baseband.

[0010] It should be understood that coupling involves combining signals from different transmission paths into a single transmission path. The coupling efficiency of signals is related to the performance of the coupling element, and this application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0011] By way of example and not limitation, the second element combines the second signal into the transmission link of the communication branch, and this application does not specifically limit this.

[0012] It should be understood that the second signal, as a sub-signal separated from the first signal, theoretically has the same waveform as the first signal, but with amplitude attenuation; that is, the amplitude of the second signal is proportional to the amplitude of the first signal. The second signal and the first signal are in phase and have the same frequency. However, in actual circuit environments, the first component introduces losses, causing the waveforms of the second signal and the first signal to not be completely identical. But these losses can be eliminated through algorithms to restore the waveforms. There is a data correlation between the first signal and the second signal.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the communication device further includes an antenna and a third element. The antenna is connected to the processing module and is used to transmit and / or receive signals between stations associated with the communication device. The third element is disposed on the link between the optical module and the first element and is used to control the antenna's on or off state.

[0014] Based on this technical solution, when the communication device itself has Wi-Fi radio frequency signal receiving capabilities, it can control whether the communication device can receive radio frequency signals sent by its associated stations by controlling the conduction or disconnection of the control antenna. This effectively solves the problem of hidden nodes between the communication device and its corresponding slave devices and associated stations. The technical solution disclosed in this application has low requirements for device complexity, low overall implementation cost, high device response rate, and strong stability, and can effectively solve the interference caused by hidden nodes to the communication baseband.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the third element controls the antenna to switch from an on state to an off state in response to the detection of the power of the input signal.

[0016] Based on this technical solution, when a communication device first receives a signal sent from the SFU device, it will control the antenna to switch from the on state to the off state to prevent the communication device from receiving signals from associated sites and causing baseband conflicts. The technical solution disclosed in this application effectively solves the problem of hidden nodes in the architecture and improves the performance and stability of Wi-Fi networks.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the third element further includes a power detection module. The power detection module is used to detect the power of the input signal.

[0018] Based on this technical solution, the power detection module of the third element detects a power change, indicating that the communication device has received a signal from a slave device in the architecture, thereby controlling the communication device's own antenna to switch from a conducting state to a disconnected state. The technical solution disclosed in this application effectively solves the problem of hidden nodes in the architecture, improving the performance and stability of Wi-Fi networks.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the device further includes a fourth element. The fourth element is disposed on the link between the antenna and the first element, for coupling the signal received by the antenna to the receiving link of the communication device.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first signal includes an electrical signal converted from an optical signal received by the communication device by the optical module. The optical signal includes a signal emitted from any optical device SFU associated with the communication device in a P2MP architecture.

[0021] Based on this technical solution, the communication device receives a signal from the slave device SFU, converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then the first element couples the sub-signal of the separated electrical signal to the transmission link through the second element. After converting the electrical signal back into an optical signal, it is transmitted to all slave optical devices SFU in the architecture.

[0022] Optionally, the third element detects the power change and controls the antenna to switch from the on state to the off state, preventing the communication device from receiving signals sent by the associated station, avoiding signal conflicts, and solving the problem of hidden nodes in the architecture.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first signal includes a radio frequency signal transmitted by a station associated with a communication device and received by an antenna.

[0024] Based on this technical solution, the antenna of the communication device receives signals transmitted from associated sites, and a fourth element couples these signals into the receiving link. A first element separates the received signal into sub-signals, and a second element couples these sub-signals into the transmitting link. The optical module converts the electrical signals into optical signals and transmits them to all slave optical units (SFUs) in the architecture. This prevents slave optical units (SFUs) from receiving signals transmitted from associated sites, avoiding signal conflicts and resolving the problem of hidden nodes in the architecture.

[0025] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first element includes a coupler and the second element includes a power divider.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first element and / or the second element are integrated within the processing module.

[0027] Based on this technical solution, the processing module of the communication device integrates a first element and / or a second element, wherein the first element is located on the receiving link side of the processing module, and the second element is located on the transmitting link side of the processing module.

[0028] Secondly, a communication system is provided. This system is based on a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architecture with fiber optic connectivity. The system includes a master optical unit (MFU) and Q slave optical units (SFUs), where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The MFU and SFUs are connected via optical links. The MFU includes the communication device described in any implementation of the first aspect above. The optical module in the MFU is also used to convert a second signal into an optical signal and transmit it to the Q SFUs.

[0029] Thirdly, a communication method is provided. This method is applied to a point-to-multipoint (P2MP) architecture with optical fiber connectivity. The P2MP architecture includes a master optical unit (MFU) and Q slave optical units (SFUs), where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The MFU and SFUs are connected via optical links. The MFU receives a first signal and acquires a second signal. The second signal is a sub-signal of the first signal, and the first and second signals are correlated. The MFU converts the second signal into an optical signal and transmits the optical signal to the Q SFUs.

[0030] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first signal includes an electrical signal converted from the optical signal received by the MFU. The optical signal includes a signal transmitted by any one of the Q SFUs.

[0031] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the first signal includes a radio frequency signal transmitted by a site associated with the MFU and received by the antenna of the MFU.

[0032] Fourthly, a communication device is provided. This device includes modules or units for performing any of the implementations of the third aspect described above. For example, the communication device includes modules, units, or means for performing the operations involved in the third aspect, which can be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0033] It should be understood that the beneficial effects of the second to fourth aspects mentioned above can be referenced from the first aspect mentioned above and any possible implementation thereof, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an FTTR network architecture.

[0035] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a hidden node in a Wi-Fi network.

[0036] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a P2MP network remote architecture.

[0037] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a hidden node in a Wi-Fi network under a remote architecture.

[0038] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a point-to-point radio frequency remote communication system architecture.

[0039] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a point-to-multipoint communication system architecture.

[0040] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture between a master device and a slave device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of another communication system architecture between a master device and a slave device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 900 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0045] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to fiber-optic P2MP architectures, providing services to multiple remote nodes through a central node. This architecture fully utilizes the high speed, large bandwidth, and low loss characteristics of optical fibers and is commonly used for broadband access and data transmission. In a fiber-optic P2MP architecture, the central node, typically a fiber optic line terminal, is responsible for managing and controlling the entire network. The central node transmits data to various nodes in the network via optical fibers; these nodes can be optical network units or optical splitters. The advantage of this architecture lies in its scalability; network coverage can be easily expanded by adding optical network units or adjusting optical splitters. Simultaneously, the low-loss characteristics of optical fibers allow signals to be transmitted over long distances without repeaters, thereby reducing network complexity and maintenance costs. The P2MP architecture also supports the integration of various services, including internet access, voice communication, video transmission, and data services.

[0046] The technical solutions of this application can be applied to various passive optical network (PON) systems, such as next-generation PON (NG-PON), NG-PON1, NG-PON2, gigabit-capable PON (GPON), 10 gigabit per second PON (XG-PON), 10-gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (XGS-PON), Ethernet PON (EPON), 10 gigabit per second EPON (10G-EPON), next-generation EPON (NG-EPON), wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) PON, time-division wavelength-division multiplexing (TWDM) PON, point-to-point, WDM PON, and asynchronous transfer mode PON. This includes various optical networks such as mode PON (APON), broadband PON (BPON), and others, including 25 gigabit per second PON (25G-PON), 50 gigabit per second PON (50G-PON), 100 gigabit per second PON (100G-PON), 25 gigabit per second EPON (25G-EPON), 50 gigabit per second EPON (50G-EPON), 100 gigabit per second EPON (100G-EPON), and other rates like GPON and EPON. It can also be used in optical transport network (OTN) systems and other optical networks.

[0047] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an FTTR network architecture.

[0048] As shown in the diagram, the traditional FTTR architecture employs P2MP digital networking technology. The master device connects to multiple slave devices via optical splitters and fiber optic cables, transmitting digital signals and protocols between them. The master device broadcasts digital signals simultaneously to all slave devices in the downlink direction. Each slave device receives signals from its associated user and transmits digital signals back to the master device in a time-division multiplexing manner. The master and slave devices interact using defined protocols and data frame formats, with the master device centrally managing and controlling the slave devices.

[0049] As an example and not a limitation, the frame structure of the GPON transport aggregation sublayer as defined in the G.984.3 standard is used between the master and slave devices, including but not limited to the frame header and user data frame (payload). Downlink frames are broadcast to all optical network units (slave devices), while uplink frames are time-division multiplexed, with multiple optical network units (slave devices) sending data at different times according to time containers.

[0050] Both the master and slave devices can provide independent Wi-Fi access services simultaneously, and the Wi-Fi hidden node problem only occurs at a single access point, such as the master or slave device.

[0051] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a hidden node in a Wi-Fi network.

[0052] Hidden nodes are a common problem in Wi-Fi networks. A hidden node refers to an 802.11 node that is within the coverage area of ​​a receiving node but outside the coverage area of ​​a sending node. As shown in the diagram, 802.11 nodes A, B, and C are all operating on the same channel. A and C are sending nodes, and B is a receiving node. A can detect B, B can detect A and C, and C can detect B, but A and C cannot detect each other. In this case, C is a hidden node that is "hidden" outside A's coverage area but can still potentially cause data transmission conflicts to A.

[0053] As an example, and not a limitation, when node A sends data to node B, node C detects no signal transmission and assumes the channel is idle. If node C then also sends data to node B, the data sent by node A and node C will collide at the receiving node B, causing mutual interference between the signals.

[0054] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a P2MP network remote architecture.

[0055] As shown in the figure, a P2MP remote architecture is illustrated. Taking an FTTR scenario as an example, the baseband pool is divided into one baseband, and the main fiber unit (MFU) and multiple slave fiber units (SFUs) share the baseband capability.

[0056] As an example and not a limitation, the total baseband pool capacity of a Wi-Fi 5GHz radio frequency channel is described as 2*2, and this application does not impose any special limitations on it.

[0057] In one specific implementation, the MFU uses an external power amplifier (PA). When the MFU performs downlink communication with the SFUs, the 5GHz front-end module (FEM) outputs a Wi-Fi RF signal, which is then directly modulated onto a laser diode (LD). The LD operates in the linear range, converting the RF signal into an optical signal, with the optical signal intensity varying linearly with the RF signal intensity. After passing through a beam splitter, the downlink optical signal is sent to multiple SFUs. The photoelectric diodes (PDs) of the SFUs then linearly convert the optical signal back into an RF signal. This RF signal is amplified by the PA and then sent to the antenna to complete the downlink Wi-Fi transmission.

[0058] In another specific implementation, the MFU uses a built-in PA. When the MFU performs downlink communication with the SFU, the integrated power amplifier (IPA) outputs a Wi-Fi radio frequency signal. Subsequent signal processing is similar to that described above, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0059] It should be understood that for basebands that require radio frequency extension, after the 5GHz FEM outputs the Wi-Fi radio frequency signal, it can be amplified first, and then the amplified radio frequency signal can be modulated into the LD. This application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0060] It should be understood that T / R shown in the diagram represents the transmit (TX) link / receive (RX) link.

[0061] When the SFU communicates uplink to the MFU, after the SFU antenna receives the Wi-Fi RF signal transmitted by the associated STA, it first amplifies the signal through one or more cascaded low-noise amplifiers (LNAs), and then passes it through the SFU's LD. The LD operates in the linear range, converting the RF signal into an optical signal, and the optical signal strength changes linearly with the RF signal strength. After the MFU's PD receives the optical signal, it linearly converts the optical signal back into an RF signal and transmits it to the Wi-Fi baseband receiver for processing.

[0062] It should be understood that the radio frequency signal output by the PD of the MFU can be amplified by the LNA and then transmitted to the Wi-Fi baseband receiver for processing. This application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0063] As described above, a remote RF architecture exacerbates the hidden node problem. In a remote RF architecture, the master and slave devices may share the same baseband, with the slave device essentially acting as a remote extension of the master device's antenna.

[0064] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a hidden node in a Wi-Fi network under a remote architecture.

[0065] In the diagram, nodes A and C are sending nodes, while nodes B and D are receiving nodes (master or slave devices) in the P2MP architecture. Since receiving nodes B and D share a Wi-Fi baseband, when node A sends data to node B, node C cannot detect any signal transmission and mistakenly assumes the channel is idle. If node C also sends data to node D at this time, the data sent by nodes A and C will collide at the shared Wi-Fi baseband of nodes B and D, causing signal interference.

[0066] Therefore, how to reduce the interference of hidden nodes on signal transmission in a P2MP radio remote architecture based on fiber optic connections is a technical problem that needs to be solved by professionals in the field.

[0067] Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of a point-to-point radio frequency remote communication system architecture.

[0068] Figure 5 illustrates a point-to-point radio over fiber (ROF) distributed Wi-Fi communication architecture system. In this point-to-point ROF scheme, the distributed access point (DAP) has multiple RF channels. Each RF channel is extended to an optical remote unit (ORU) via an independent optical module and fiber, and each ORU can provide Wi-Fi service.

[0069] As an example rather than a limitation, the description uses a DAP with 8 radio frequency channels.

[0070] When STA 1 sends data to DAP through ORU 1, if STA 2 cannot detect STA 1's data, STA 2 will also send data to DAP through ORU 8, which will cause a data transmission conflict.

[0071] To reduce data transmission conflicts caused by hidden nodes, the DAP processor needs to detect each optical module receiving port. Once a signal is detected at a certain optical module port, the receiving ports of other optical modules are simultaneously shut down.

[0072] As an example, and not a limitation, when STA 1 sends data to DAP via ORU 1, if the DAP processor detects data transmission on the receive port of optical module 1, it will shut down the reception of other optical modules until optical module 1 finishes receiving data. At this time, even if STA 2 sends data to DAP via ORU 8, the signal cannot reach the DAP processor, thus not interfering with DAP processing.

[0073] The above methods can solve the problem of hidden nodes in point-to-point radio frequency remote extension scenarios. However, when these methods are directly applied to P2MP radio frequency remote extension scenarios, the Wi-Fi signals received by each slave device are aggregated to the master device via optical fiber. The master device cannot identify and distinguish the source of the received optical signals, and therefore cannot solve the hidden node problem by shutting down certain optical module receiver ports as described above.

[0074] The 802.11 protocol defines a solution for handling hidden nodes. The following description, with reference to Figure 6, illustrates this solution.

[0075] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of a point-to-multipoint communication system architecture.

[0076] As shown in the diagram, STA 1 can detect the Access Point (AP), the AP can detect both STA 1 and STA 2, and STA 2 can detect the AP but cannot detect STA 1. As described above, when STA 1 sends data, STA 2 may also send data, causing data collisions. The request-to-send (RTS) / clear-to-send (CTS) mechanism defined in the 802.11 protocol includes the following steps:

[0077] S601: STA 1 sends RTS frames.

[0078] Before STA 1 sends data, it first sends an RTS frame. The RTS frame is a broadcast frame, and all 802.11 devices near STA 1 can receive it. The RTS frame carries the destination address.

[0079] S602: AP sends CTS frame.

[0080] Because the RTS frame carries the destination address, after the AP receives the RTS frame and confirms that the destination address is itself, it will quickly reply with a CTS frame. The CTS frame is a broadcast frame, and all 802.11 devices near the AP can receive it. The CTS frame carries the destination address. When STA 2 receives the CTS frame sent by the AP, it knows that the channel has been reserved and will no longer occupy the channel to send data.

[0081] S603: STA 1 sends data to AP.

[0082] Since the CTS frame carries the destination address, STA 1 will quickly send a data frame after receiving the CTS frame and confirming that the destination address is itself.

[0083] As can be seen from the above steps, the solution defined in the 802.11 protocol can theoretically completely solve the hidden node problem. However, in practical applications, the effectiveness of the above solution is significantly reduced. Although the 802.11 protocol defines an RTS / CTS mechanism, it does not define a strict interaction process, nor is the mechanism positioned as mandatory. Furthermore, in practical applications, when there are devices from multiple manufacturers in the architecture, compatibility issues between devices from different manufacturers often prevent the RTS / CTS mechanism from being triggered. Different manufacturers' APs and STAs have different processing strategies for RTS / CTS scenarios, resulting in the RTS / CTS mechanism not being properly enabled and controlled in real hidden node scenarios. Due to the insufficient trigger rate of the RTS / CTS mechanism, hidden nodes still exist in the P2MP architecture, causing interference to the channel.

[0084] Furthermore, when the RTS / CTS mechanism is in the always-on state, there will be a fixed signaling overhead.

[0085] Based on this, the technical solution disclosed in this application constructs a new signal loopback branch to separate the signal received by the device and transmits the separated portion of the signal to the device's transmitting port. From there, the signal is transmitted to all other devices within the device's range, thereby occupying the TX links of other slave devices and placing them in a transmitting state. The technical solution disclosed in this application can solve the problem of hidden nodes in point-to-multipoint communication architectures, avoiding interference caused by hidden nodes to data transmission.

[0086] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture between a master device and a slave device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0087] As an example rather than a limitation, as shown in Figure 7, a main fiber unit (MFU) and multiple sub-fiber units (SFUs) are connected via optical fiber, and the main and sub-fiber units share pooled Wi-Fi baseband capabilities.

[0088] It should be understood that when the MFU has no Wi-Fi access function and only the SFU has Wi-Fi access function, hidden nodes may be formed between STAs associated with different slave devices.

[0089] Specifically, when an SFU receives a signal from an associated STA and sends data to an MFU, the other SFUs cannot detect that the current channel is occupied. If other SFUs also receive signals from associated STAs and send data to the MFU at this time, it will cause a conflict in the Wi-Fi baseband shared between the SFUs, and the STAs associated with the SFUs will become hidden nodes for each other.

[0090] To prevent data conflicts in the shared Wi-Fi baseband, this application adds new components to the receive (RX) and transmit (TX) links of the main optical device, forming new branches with the receive and transmit ports of the main optical device. The structures of MFU and SFU are described below.

[0091] The MFU includes a Wi-Fi processing module for processing received Wi-Fi signals. The MFU also includes an optical module for converting between optical and electrical signals. This includes converting received optical signals into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module via the RX link. Additionally, the module converts electrical signals emitted by the Wi-Fi processing module via the TX link into optical signals, enabling the signals sent by the MFU to be transmitted through optical fiber to the SFU within the architecture.

[0092] Component 1 is installed on the RX link between the MFU's optical module and the Wi-Fi processing module, and component 2 is installed on the TX link between the MFU's optical module and the Wi-Fi processing module. Component 1 and component 2 are connected by a loop. Component 1 is used to separate a sub-signal from the received electrical signal and transmit the separated sub-signal to component 2 through the loop. Component 2 is used to output the input sub-signal to the MFU's transmit branch. The electrical signal output by component 2 is converted into an optical signal by the optical module and transmitted to the transmit branches of all SFUs in the architecture through the MFU's transmit port and a point-to-multipoint optical network topology.

[0093] Component 1 is used to divide the input signal into at least two sub-signals. The power of these two sub-signals may be the same or different. This application does not make any special limitation on this.

[0094] Component 2 is used to fit multiple input signals into a single output signal. The power of the input sub-signals can be the same or different, and this application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0095] By way of example and not limitation, element 1 and / or element 2 include power distribution devices (hereinafter referred to as power dividers), coupling devices, etc. This application does not make any special limitation on the specific devices of element 1 and / or element 2.

[0096] As an example and not a limitation, a low noise amplifier (LNA) can also be added between component 1 and component 2. The LNA is used to amplify the input signal and output it. Whether to add an LNA component depends on factors such as the strength of the actual received signal and the circuit design, and this application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0097] It should be understood that element 1 is a specific implementation of the first element in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0098] It should be understood that element 2 is a specific implementation of the second element in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0099] It should be understood that the Wi-Fi processing module is a specific implementation of the processing module in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0100] As a preferred implementation, this application describes element 1 as a coupler and element 2 as a power divider. Compared with a power divider, a coupler can separate sub-signals with different power; a power divider can only divide the input signal power equally and output sub-signals with the same power.

[0101] Each SFU includes an antenna for receiving Wi-Fi signals. The SFU also includes an optical module for converting optical signals to electrical signals. On the SFU's RX link, the antenna receives the Wi-Fi signal. The received Wi-Fi signal is amplified by a low-noise amplifier (LNA) on the RX link, and then the optical module converts the electrical signal back to an optical signal before transmitting it to other devices via optical fibers. On the SFU's TX link, the optical module converts the received optical signal back to an electrical signal, which is then amplified by a power amplifier (PA) and / or LNA on the TX link before being transmitted to the antenna.

[0102] It should be understood that in some specific implementations, the LNA and PA can be independent working modules or integrated into a single device, and this application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0103] It should be understood that under normal operating conditions, the RX and TX links in an SFU will not transmit data simultaneously; generally, only one link will transmit data.

[0104] During the process of the MFU sending downlink signals to the SFU, the downlink signal power is generally high. After the SFU detects the high-power signal, it controls the PA on the TX branch to turn on, so that the LNA is in the off state, thereby enabling the TX branch to receive downlink signals and enabling the SFU's antenna to be in the state of transmitting downlink signals.

[0105] During the uplink signal transmission from the SFU to the MFU, the SFU amplifies the signal received by the antenna through the LNA and then transmits it to the MFU via the RX link. At this time, the PA is in the disconnected state.

[0106] It should be understood that the LNA and / or PA components may have power detection functionality; or the LNA and / or PA may have a power detection component to achieve power detection; or the SFU may have a power detection module to achieve power detection. This application does not impose any special limitations on these aspects.

[0107] In some alternative implementations, element 1 and / or element 2 may also be integrated into other devices, or the above functions may be achieved through an integrated device. This application does not impose any special limitation on the integration location of element 1 and / or element 2, nor should it be considered that the technical solution of integrating element 1 and / or element 2 inside the chip exceeds the protection scope of this application.

[0108] As an example and not a limitation, components 1 and 2 are integrated within the Wi-Fi processing module of the MFU. Within the Wi-Fi processing module, components 1 and 2 form a new loopback branch through a special circuit structure. Component 1 separates the received signal from the RX link into at least two sub-signals. One sub-signal is directly output to the Wi-Fi processing module for processing, while the other sub-signal is transmitted to component 2 via the internal loopback branch. Component 2 then transmits the sub-signal to the optical module via the TX branch. The optical module performs photoelectric conversion on the signal and transmits it back to the SFU in the architecture. In other words, the MFU receives the signal from the SFU, converts it through the optical module, the Wi-Fi processing module processes the received signal, separates a sub-signal from the received signal, transmits it to the optical module via the RX link, and after conversion by the optical module, transmits the separated sub-signal back to the SFU in the architecture.

[0109] It should be understood that when only component 1 or component 2 is integrated into the Wi-Fi processing module, the signal processing is similar to that described above, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here. Nor should it be considered that the solution of integrating component 1 or component 2 into the Wi-Fi processing module exceeds the protection scope of this application.

[0110] As an example and not a limitation, this application describes the technical solution using two SFUs as an example. The STA associated with SFU1 and the STA associated with SFU2 are hidden nodes for each other. The description is based on the example of SFU1 receiving the Wi-Fi radio frequency signal first.

[0111] The SFU1 antenna first receives a Wi-Fi radio frequency signal. This signal is amplified by the LNA, then converted into an optical signal by the optical module, and transmitted to the MFU via optical fiber. The MFU's optical module then converts the received optical signal back into a radio frequency signal.

[0112] It should be understood that in some specific implementations, radio frequency electrical signals are also referred to as electrical signals. Radio frequency electrical signals are a specific implementation of electrical signals, and this application does not make any special limitations on them.

[0113] The MFU's optical module receives signal 1 from SFU1. After passing through element 1, it outputs signals 2 and 3. Signals 2 and 3 are both sub-signals of signal 1. The separated signal 3 passes through a connected branch and is merged into the MFU's transmit branch by element 2. The optical module converts the electrical signal into an optical signal, which is then transmitted to the transmit branches of SFU1 and SFU2.

[0114] It should be understood that the transmitting tributary is also referred to as the transmitting link, TX tributary, TX link, etc., and this application does not make any special limitation on it.

[0115] It should be understood that in an MFU, the transmitting branch includes the transmission path of the Wi-Fi processing module to the optical module signal, and the receiving branch includes the transmission path of the Wi-Fi processing module to receive the signal from the optical module.

[0116] In one specific implementation, element 1 includes a coupler, and this application does not impose any special limitation on the power of the separated signals 2 and 3.

[0117] In one alternative implementation, signal 2, separated by element 1, has higher power, while signal 3 has lower power. Signal 3, with lower power, is used as a loopback signal and transmitted to the SFU via the loopback branch. Signal 2, with higher power, continues to be transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module for processing.

[0118] In another alternative implementation, signal 2, separated by component 1, has lower power, while signal 3, separated by component 1, has higher power. The higher-power signal 3 is used as a loopback signal and transmitted to the SFU via the loopback branch. The lower-power signal 2 continues to be transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module for processing.

[0119] SFU1 and SFU2 will receive signal 3 from MFU. The power of signal 3 is much lower than the power of the downlink signal sent by MFU to SFU. As a hidden node, SFU2, upon receiving signal 3, detects a low-power signal transmission on the TX link. At this time, there is no signal transmission on the RX link, so the PA remains on and the LNA is off. SFU2's antenna is now transmitting signal 3. Therefore, SFU2's antenna will no longer simultaneously receive Wi-Fi signals from sites associated with SFU2, and consequently, SFU2 will no longer send signals to MFU, resolving the potential baseband signal conflict issue that might occur when SFU2 is a hidden node.

[0120] It should be understood that the TX link is also referred to as the TX tributary, transmission tributary, transmit tributary, transmit link, transmit link, etc., and this application does not make any special limitation on it.

[0121] It should be understood that the RX link is also referred to as the RX tributary, receiving tributary, incident tributary, receiving link, incident link, etc., and this application does not make any special limitation on it.

[0122] It should be understood that in an SFU, the RX link includes the transmission path through which the optical module receives signals from the antenna, and the TX link includes the transmission path through which the optical module sends signals to the antenna.

[0123] It should be understood that signal 1 is a specific implementation of the first signal in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0124] It should be understood that signal 3 is a specific implementation of the second signal in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0125] In another alternative implementation, components 1 and 2 are integrated within the Wi-Fi processing module of the MFU. Component 1 receives signal 1 in the Wi-Fi processing module and separates it into signal 2 and signal 3. Signal 2 is processed by the Wi-Fi processing module, and signal 3 is transmitted to component 2 via the loopback branch between components 1 and 2 within the Wi-Fi processing module. Component 2 transmits signal 3 to the optical module via the TX branch, where it undergoes photoelectric conversion before being transmitted to the SFU in the architecture. In this implementation, components 1 and 2 are integrated within the Wi-Fi processing module, and the loopback branch is constructed through a special internal chip structure and / or circuit design. The input to the Wi-Fi processing module includes signal 1, and the output includes signal 3, which is a sub-signal of signal 1.

[0126] Compared to traditional point-to-multipoint architectures, the RX and TX branches in an MFU do not have components forming branches. The optical signals received by the optical module are converted into electrical signals and directly transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module for demodulation. Therefore, the SFU2 cannot detect that the Wi-Fi baseband is already occupied, and if it transmits data to the MFU, it will cause baseband conflicts. This application solves the problem of hidden nodes between SFUs by constructing new branches in the MFU, separating the signals received by the MFU, and transmitting them to all SFUs, thus keeping the transmit branches of all SFUs occupied.

[0127] It should be understood that only two SFUs are shown in Figure 7. The technical solution disclosed in this application can be applied to multi-SFU architectures, and its principle is similar to that of two SFUs, which will not be repeated here. It should also not be considered that the application of the technical solution disclosed in this application to a multi-SFU architecture exceeds the scope of protection of this application. This application does not impose any special limitation on the specific number of SFUs in the architecture.

[0128] In some alternative implementations, the MFU has Wi-Fi access functionality. The MFU can receive Wi-Fi signals not only from its own associated site but also from the site associated with the SFU. When the MFU receives signals from its own associated site, if an SFU simultaneously transmits signals to the MFU, it will also cause baseband signal interference. This application will describe a method for resolving the hidden node issue between the MFU and SFU in conjunction with Figure 8.

[0129] Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of another communication system architecture between a master device and a slave device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0130] When the MFU has Wi-Fi access capabilities, baseband conflicts caused by hidden nodes can be divided into two scenarios. One is that the SFU sends a signal to the MFU first, and the associated site also sends a signal to the MFU, resulting in a baseband conflict. The other is that the MFU receives a signal from an associated site first, and then the SFU sends a signal to the MFU, causing a baseband conflict.

[0131] In some optional implementations, the MFU has an antenna that can be used to receive radio frequency (RF) signals from its associated site. The RF signals received by the antenna are electrical signals and do not require conversion by the optical module; they can be directly transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module for processing. Element 1 of the MFU is located on the RX branch between the MFU antenna and the Wi-Fi processing module. Element 1 is used to output at least two sub-signals from the input signal. A multiplexing element is also provided on the RX link between Element 1 and the optical module. This multiplexing element couples and multiplexes the multiple input signals to output a single signal.

[0132] When the SFU sends a signal to the MFU first, the MFU's multiplexing element couples the signal and transmits it to element 1. Element 1 separates a portion of the signal and transmits this portion to the MFU's transmit branch through a loop with element 2. Finally, this portion of the signal is transmitted to all SFUs associated with the MFU via the P2MP optical network topology, thus avoiding baseband collisions caused by other SFUs simultaneously sending signals to the MFU.

[0133] When the MFU first receives the Wi-Fi radio frequency signal from its associated site, this signal is separated into a sub-signal by element 1. This sub-signal is then transmitted to the MFU's transmit branch through a loop with element 2. Finally, this sub-signal is transmitted to all SFUs associated with the MFU via a P2MP optical network topology, thus avoiding baseband interference caused by the MFU's corresponding SFU receiving signals simultaneously while the MFU's antenna is receiving Wi-Fi radio frequency signals.

[0134] The following sections will describe these two scenarios in detail. First, we will describe the scenario where the SFU sends a signal to the MFU first.

[0135] In one specific implementation, the MFU also includes a switching element. This switching element is located at the MFU's antenna. When the switching element is on, the MFU's antenna can receive Wi-Fi radio frequency signals from its associated site; when the switching element is off, the MFU's antenna cannot receive Wi-Fi radio frequency signals from its associated site. The MFU's switching element is controlled by element 3, which is located on the RX link between element 1 and the optical module. Element 3 is used to detect the power of the input signal and send control information to the switching element to control its on / off state; simultaneously, element 3 is also used to continue transmitting the received signal on the RX link.

[0136] It should be understood that when component 1 is integrated inside the Wi-Fi processing module, that is, when component 3 is located on the RX link between the Wi-Fi processing module and the optical module, this application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0137] As an example and not a limitation, the switching element remains in the ON state to receive Wi-Fi radio frequency signals transmitted by the site associated with the MFU. When element 3 detects signal power, it sends an indication message to the switching element, instructing the switch to OFF. When element 3 detects no signal power again, it sends an indication message to the switch, instructing the switch to switch back to the ON state.

[0138] It should be understood that the indication information sent by element 3 to the switch can also instruct the switch to periodically disconnect, or to automatically switch to the on state after being disconnected for a certain period of time. This application does not impose any special limitations on this.

[0139] Component 3 can also be used to output at least two sub-signals from the input signal. One sub-signal continues to be transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module via the RX link, while the other sub-signal passes through a power detection device to control the MFU's antenna to disconnect. This application does not impose any special limitations on the magnitude of the two sub-signals.

[0140] By way of example and not limitation, component 3 includes a coupler and a power detection device. The coupler is used to separate the input signal into at least two signals; the power detection device is used to measure the power of one of the signals and send control information to the switching element. The other signal output from the coupler continues to be transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module via the RX link.

[0141] By way of example and not limitation, element 3 is an integrated device that includes at least one input and at least two outputs. Element 3 performs power detection on the received signal, one output is used to control the switching element to turn on or off, and the other output is used to continue transmitting the signal to the Wi-Fi processing module through the RX link.

[0142] It should be understood that component 3 can also perform power detection on the received signal before separating the sub-signal; or it can separate the sub-signal first and then measure the power of the sub-signal. When there is signal power, component 3 controls the switch to the off state, ensuring that the MFU no longer receives the radio frequency signal from its associated site when receiving the SFU signal, thereby solving the problem of interference caused by the hidden node to the signal.

[0143] It should be understood that component 3 can achieve its function through a single device or by integrating multiple components, and this application does not impose any special limitations on this; this application also does not impose any special limitations on the internal working process of component 3.

[0144] It should be understood that element 3 is a specific implementation of the third element in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0145] As an example, and not a limitation, when the antenna of SFU1 first receives a Wi-Fi radio frequency signal, this signal is amplified by an LNA and then converted from an electrical signal to an optical signal by an optical module. It is then transmitted to the MFU via optical fiber. The MFU optical module's receiving port converts the optical signal back into an electrical signal, denoted as signal a. Signal a is split into two sub-signals by element 3. One sub-signal has lower power; element 3 detects the power of this sub-signal and, in response to the presence of power, sends signal b to the switching element to instruct it to open. The other sub-signal of signal a has higher power, denoted as signal d. Signal d passes through a multiplexing element and is combined into the RX transmission link for further transmission, denoted as signal e. Signal e, after passing through element 1, is split into two sub-signals: signal f and signal g. Signal f, with higher power, is transmitted to the Wi-Fi module; signal g, with lower power, is transmitted back to the TX link via the MFU's branch and then transmitted to the output port of the MFU optical module via element 2. After the MFU converts signal g into an optical signal, it transmits it back to SFU2 through the topology, thus occupying the TX link of SFU2 and putting SFU2 in transmit mode while the receive link is turned off. This avoids the situation where the SFU2 antenna receives the site's RF signal and transmits it back to the MFU, eliminating the impact of hidden nodes between devices on the communication architecture.

[0146] As an example and not a limitation, components 1 and 2 are integrated within the Wi-Fi processing module of the MFU. The MFU receives signal a from SFU1. Signal a first passes through component 3 on the RX link, where component 3 instructs a switching element to switch to the off state and outputs signal d. The output signal d passes through a multiplexing element and is coupled back to the RX link for further transmission, becoming signal e. Signal e is then transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module. Inside the Wi-Fi processing module, component 1 separates the received signal e into signal f and signal g. Signal f is directly output and processed by the Wi-Fi processing module, while signal g is transmitted to component 2 through the internal loopback branch of the Wi-Fi processing module and coupled to the TX branch for output. The Wi-Fi processing module then transmits the output signal g to the optical module, where it undergoes photoelectric conversion before being transmitted to the SFU in the architecture.

[0147] By way of example and not limitation, the multiplexing element can be any of the following devices: coupler, power divider, switch, etc., to achieve the above functions. This application does not impose any special limitation on the specific form of the multiplexing element.

[0148] It should be understood that after SFU1 and / or SFU2 receive the returned sub-signal, the internal data processing flow is similar to that described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0149] It should be understood that the reused element is a specific implementation of the fourth element in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0150] It should be understood that signal a is a specific implementation of the first signal in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0151] It should be understood that signal g is a specific implementation of the second signal in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0152] As an example, not a limitation, when the MFU's antenna first receives a Wi-Fi RF signal, denoted as signal c, signal c is combined into the RX transmission link via a multiplexing element and denoted as signal e. After passing through element 1, signal e is split into two sub-signals, signal f and signal g. Signal f, with higher power, is transmitted to the Wi-Fi module; signal g, with lower power, is transmitted back to the TX link via the MFU's branch and then transmitted to the output port of the MFU's optical module via element 2. After the MFU converts signal g into an optical signal, it transmits it back to all SFUs through the topology, thus ensuring that all SFUs corresponding to the MFU operate in transmit mode. This avoids the situation where the SFU's antenna receives the site's RF signal and transmits it back to the MFU, eliminating the impact of hidden nodes between the master and slave devices on the communication architecture.

[0153] As an example and not a limitation, components 1 and 2 are integrated within the Wi-Fi processing module of the MFU. The MFU receives signal c from its associated site. Signal c is coupled to the RX transmission link (i.e., signal e) by a multiplexing element, and signal e is transmitted to the Wi-Fi processing module. Inside the Wi-Fi processing module, component 1 separates the received signal e into signal f and signal g. Signal f is directly output and processed by the Wi-Fi processing module, while signal g is transmitted to component 2 through the internal loopback branch of the Wi-Fi processing module and coupled to the TX branch for output. The Wi-Fi processing module then transmits the output signal g to the optical module, where it undergoes photoelectric conversion and is transmitted to the SFU in the architecture.

[0154] It should be understood that signal c is a specific implementation of the first signal in the above-described implementation of this application, and does not constitute any limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

[0155] In summary, the technical solution of this application can solve the problem of hidden Wi-Fi nodes in the P2MP architecture. Furthermore, by constructing a new branch only in the MFU, the overall implementation cost is low, the structure is simple, the requirements for device complexity are low, and the stability is good. This application does not require additional signaling overhead or an additional authentication process. The technical solution of this application not only saves signaling costs but also omits the authentication process, further ensuring the timeliness of data information. Moreover, the technical solution of this application has high compatibility with SFUs, can effectively control SFUs in the architecture, further reducing interference to system signals caused by compatibility issues, ensuring the stability of baseband processing in the architecture, and further improving the user experience.

[0156] It should be understood that in some implementations of this application, the main device is also referred to as the main optical device. The main optical device is a specific implementation of the main device, and this application does not make any special limitation on it.

[0157] It should be understood that in some implementations of this application, the slave device is also referred to as the slave optical device. The slave optical device is a specific implementation of the slave device, and this application does not make any special limitation on it.

[0158] It should be understood that this application does not impose a specific limit on the number of master devices and slave devices. When there are multiple master devices and multiple slave devices, the master devices and slave devices are connected via optical fiber. One master device can connect to multiple slave devices, and multiple slave devices can connect to multiple master devices. However, master devices are independent of each other. In other words, each slave device can connect to multiple master devices, and each master device can connect to multiple slave devices; the master devices are independent of each other.

[0159] Figure 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication device 900 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0160] The device 900 includes a receiving module 901, which can be used to implement corresponding receiving functions. The receiving module 901 can also be referred to as a receiving unit.

[0161] The device 900 also includes a processing module 902, which can be used to implement corresponding processing functions.

[0162] The device 900 also includes a transmitting module 903, which can be used to implement the corresponding transmitting function. The transmitting module 903 can also be called a transmitting unit.

[0163] Optionally, the device 900 further includes a storage unit, which can be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing module 902 can read the instructions and / or data in the storage unit so that the device can perform the operation of the relevant devices in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0164] By way of example and not limitation, the device 900 can be used to perform the actions performed by the SFU (such as SFU 1 or SFU 2) in the above embodiments. In this case, the device 900 can be a component of the SFU. The processing module 902 is used to process the received loopback signal and no longer receives the Wi-Fi signal from the site associated with the device 900.

[0165] Optionally, the communication device 900 can be a device including an SFU (System-Defined Unit). Alternatively, the device 900 can be a component configured in the SFU, such as a chip in the SFU. In this case, the receiving module 901 and the transmitting module 903 can be interface circuits, pins, etc. Specifically, the interface circuit can include input circuits and output circuits, wherein the receiving module 901 can include input circuits, the transmitting module 903 can include output circuits, and the processing module 902 can include processing circuits.

[0166] By way of example and not limitation, the device 900 can be used to perform the actions performed by the MFU in the above embodiments, in which case the device 900 can be a component of the MFU. The processing module 902 is used to separate the received signal into sub-signals and control the transmitting module 903 to transmit them to the SFU in the architecture. The processing module 902 is also used to control the opening and closing of the MFU's antenna device, thereby controlling whether the MFU can receive Wi-Fi signals from associated sites.

[0167] Optionally, the device 900 can be a device including an MFU. Alternatively, the device 900 can be a component configured in the MFU, such as a chip in the MFU. In this case, the receiving module 901 and the transmitting module 903 can be interface circuits, pins, etc. Specifically, the interface circuit can include input circuits and output circuits, wherein the receiving module 901 can include input circuits, the transmitting module 903 can include output circuits, and the processing module 902 can include processing circuits.

[0168] It should be understood that the specific process of each module performing the above-mentioned steps has been described in detail in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0169] Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another communication device 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0170] The communication device 1100 includes a processor 1101, as shown in the figure. The communication device 1100 may also include at least one memory 1102 for storing computer programs or instructions and / or data. The memory 1102 is coupled to the processor 1101, and the processor 1101 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1102, so that the embodiments described above are executed.

[0171] The coupling in the embodiments of this application is an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices, units, or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical, or other forms, and is used for information interaction between devices, units, or modules.

[0172] Processor 1101 may operate in conjunction with memory 1102. At least one of memory 1102 may be included in processor 1101.

[0173] Optionally, the communication device 1100 may include one or more processors 1101.

[0174] Alternatively, the memory 1102 may be integrated with the processor 1101 or set separately.

[0175] The communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1103 for forwarding service messages through a transmission medium and other devices, thereby enabling the device to communicate with other devices. Optionally, the transceiver 1103 may be an interface, a bus, a circuit, or a device capable of transmitting and receiving functions.

[0176] Optionally, the device in transceiver 1103 used to implement the receiving function can be regarded as a receiving module, and the device in transceiver 1103 used to implement the transmitting function can be regarded as a transmitting module. That is, transceiver 1103 includes a receiver and a transmitter.

[0177] This application embodiment does not limit the specific connection medium between the processor 1101, memory 1102, and transceiver 1103. In this application embodiment, the processor 1101, memory 1102, and transceiver 1103 are connected via a bus 1104, which is represented by a thick line in the figure. The connection methods between other components are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting. The bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc.

[0178] It should be understood that, for ease of representation, only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0179] Optionally, as shown in the figure, the communication device 1100 may further include a transceiver 1103 and / or a communication interface, which are used for receiving and / or transmitting signals. For example, a processor 1101 is used to control the transceiver 1103 and / or the communication interface to receive and / or transmit data.

[0180] A transceiver is sometimes also called a transceiver unit, transceiver module, or transceiver circuit. A receiver is sometimes also called a receiver unit, receiver module, or receiver circuit. A transmitter is sometimes also called a transmitter, transmitter module, or transmitter circuit.

[0181] For example, in some embodiments, processor 1101 is configured to perform other operations or functions of a slave device or a chip of a slave device. Transceiver 1103 is used to implement the forwarding of service messages between the means for forwarding service messages and the master device or the site associated with the slave device.

[0182] In other embodiments, processor 1101 is configured to perform other operations or functions of the master device or the master device's chip. Transceiver 1103 is used to implement the forwarding of service messages between the means for forwarding service messages and the slave device or the site associated with the master device.

[0183] One or more of the above modules or units can be implemented by software, hardware, or a combination of both. When any of the above modules or units is implemented by software, the software exists as computer program instructions and is stored in memory. The processor can be used to execute the program instructions and implement the above method flow. The processor can include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a microcontroller unit (MCU), or an artificial intelligence processor, etc., and various computing devices that run software. Each computing device may include one or more cores for executing software instructions to perform calculations or processing. The processor can be built into a SoC (System-on-a-Chip) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or it can be a separate semiconductor chip. In addition to the cores for executing software instructions to perform calculations or processing, the processor may further include necessary hardware accelerators, such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), PLDs (programmable logic devices), or logic circuits that implement dedicated logic operations.

[0184] When the above modules or units are implemented in hardware, the hardware can be any one or any combination of CPU, microprocessor, DSP, MCU, artificial intelligence processor, ASIC, SoC, FPGA, PLD, special purpose digital circuit, hardware accelerator or non-integrated discrete device, which can run the necessary software or perform the above method flow independently of software.

[0185] When the above modules or units are implemented using software, they can be implemented in whole or in part as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium (e.g., solid-state disk (SSD)).

[0186] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made on the basis of the technical solution of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

[0187] This application also provides a communication system, which includes the MFU and at least two SFUs as described in the above embodiments.

[0188] As used in this specification, the terms "component," "module," "system," etc., are used to refer to computer-related entities, hardware, firmware, combinations of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer. As illustrated, applications running on computing devices and computing devices can both be components. One or more components may reside in a process and / or an execution thread, and components may be located on a single computer and / or distributed among two or more computers. Furthermore, these components can be executed from various computer-readable media on which various data structures are stored. Components can communicate, for example, via local and / or remote processes based on signals having one or more data packets (e.g., data from two components interacting with another component between a local system, a distributed system, and / or a network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems via signals).

[0189] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0190] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0191] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0192] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0193] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0194] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0195] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A communication device, characterized in that, A point-to-multipoint architecture for fiber optic connectivity includes an optical module, a processing module, a first element, and a second element. The first element is located on a receiving link between the optical module and the processing module, and the second element is located on a transmitting link between the processing module and the optical module. The first element and the second element are interconnected. The optical module is used to convert optical signals received by the communication device into electrical signals, or to convert electrical signals output by the processing module into optical signals. The first element is configured to acquire a second signal, the second signal being correlated with the first signal, the first signal including a signal received by the communication device; The second element is used to couple the second signal to the transmission link of the communication device; The optical module is also used to convert the second signal into an optical signal and transmit it to all slave optical devices associated with the communication device in the point-to-multipoint architecture.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes antennas and third-party components. The antenna is connected to the processing module and is used to send and / or receive signals between stations associated with the communication device; The third element is disposed on the link between the optical module and the first element, and is used to control the antenna to be turned on or off.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third element controls the antenna to switch from a conducting state to a disconnected state in response to the detected power of the input signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The third component also includes a power detection module, which is used to detect the power of the input signal.

5. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: A fourth element is disposed on the link between the antenna and the first element, and is used to couple the signal received by the antenna to the receiving link of the communication device.

6. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The first signal includes an electrical signal converted from the optical signal received by the communication device by the optical module; The optical signal includes any signal emitted from an optical device associated with the communication device in the point-to-multipoint architecture.

7. The apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that, The first signal includes a radio frequency signal received by the antenna from a station associated with the communication device.

8. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The first element includes a coupler, and the second element includes a power divider.

9. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The first element and / or the second element are integrated within the processing module.

10. A communication system, characterized in that, The point-to-multipoint architecture based on fiber optic connectivity includes a master optical device and Q slave optical devices, where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The master optical device and the slave optical devices are connected via optical links. The main optical device includes the communication device described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The optical module in the master optical device is also used to convert the second signal into an optical signal and transmit it to the Q slave optical devices.

11. A communication method, characterized in that, A point-to-multipoint architecture for fiber optic connectivity is provided, comprising a master optical device and Q slave optical devices, where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the master optical device and the slave optical devices are connected via optical links; wherein, The main optical device receives a first signal and acquires a second signal, wherein the second signal and the first signal are correlated; The master optical device converts the second signal into a first optical signal and sends the first optical signal to the Q slave optical devices.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first signal includes the electrical signal converted from the second optical signal received by the main optical device; The second optical signal includes a signal transmitted by any one of the Q slave optical devices.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that, The first signal includes a radio frequency signal received by the antenna of the main optical device from a station associated with the main optical device.

14. A communication device, characterized in that, Includes modules or units for performing the method according to any one of claims 11 to 13.

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