Probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions
Probabilistic shaping using a universal energy function independent of MCS addresses inefficiencies in bit allocation, improving efficiency and reducing complexity in wireless communications systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communications systems face inefficiencies in probabilistic shaping due to energy functions that depend on modulation and coding schemes (MCS), leading to non-uniform allocation of bits and increased computational complexity.
Implementing probabilistic shaping using a universal energy function independent of MCS, which allows for efficient bit allocation based on a symbol alphabet, shaping rate parameter, and probability distribution, reducing computational complexity and power consumption.
This approach enables more uniform bit allocation and reduces computational complexity and power consumption in wireless communications systems, enhancing efficiency and performance.
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Figure CN2024130088_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PROBABILISTIC SHAPING USING UNIVERSAL ENERGY FUNCTIONS
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a first wireless device is described. The method may include inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device, encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) associated with the message for the second wireless device, and transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0006] A first wireless device for wireless communications is described. The first wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to input one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device, encode, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a MCS associated with the message for the second wireless device, and transmit, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0007] Another first wireless device for wireless communications is described. The first wireless device may include means for inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device, means for encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a MCS associated with the message for the second wireless device, and means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to input one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device, encode, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a MCS associated with the message for the second wireless device, and transmit, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0009] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding the one or more bits may be based on a sequence of energy parameters and a quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters may be based on a shaping order associated with the probabilistic shaping encoder.
[0010] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting, to the second wireless device, a message including an indication of the shaping order.
[0011] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, each energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters may be associated with a respective index and a respective energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters may be computed according to the energy function based on the respective index.
[0012] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, U= { (i (i-1) ) / 2} , where i may be representative of the respective index and may be a positive integer.
[0013] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters may be two to the power of the shaping order.
[0014] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the shaping order may be associated with the MCS.
[0015] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for encoding the one or more bits may be based on a sequence of probabilities and a quantity of probabilities of the sequence of probabilities corresponds to the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters in accordance with the shaping order.
[0016] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a respective probability of the sequence of probabilities may be computed according to the probability distribution based on a corresponding energy parameter and on the shaping rate parameter.
[0017] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a quantity of occurrences of a symbol of the sequence of symbols may be based on a quantization of the sequence of probabilities and a quantity of symbols in the sequence of symbols.
[0018] In some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more bits include a subset of a set of information bits and the message includes the set of information bits.
[0019] Some examples of the method, first wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for computing an average symbol energy parameter associated with the probability distribution, where the probabilistic shaping encoder encodes the one or more bits in accordance with the average symbol energy parameter.
[0020] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIGs. 4 and 5 show block diagrams of devices that support probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIGs. 8 and 9 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] In some wireless communications systems, a transmitting device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a network entity) may transmit one or more bits (e.g., information bits) that are encoded and allocated to symbols according to a symbol alphabet. In some examples, the transmitting device may use probabilistic shaping to allocate the bits, which may result in a relatively higher probability that the bits are allocated to amplitudes with a relatively lower energy (e.g., according to an energy function) , which may result in reduced power consumption by the transmitting device associated with transmitting the bits. In some examples, however, the energy function may depend on a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) used by the transmitting device, which may result in relatively less uniform probabilistic shaping techniques being used in the wireless communications system.
[0029] Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable a transmitting device to perform probabilistic shaping using an energy function (e.g., a universal energy function) , which may be independent of an MCS used by the transmitting device. For example, the energy function may be defined by where i may be a positive integer. The transmitting device may accordingly generate a sequence of energy terms with a length that is based on a shaping order L. As described herein, a sequence length may be a quantity of terms in the sequence. The transmitting device may determine a probability function for allocating bits to each symbol of the symbol alphabet based on each term of the energy sequence and on a shaping parameter ν. Such techniques may reduce computational complexity and storage used by the transmitting device to perform the probabilistic shaping.
[0030] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to process flows, apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions.
[0031] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0032] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0033] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0034] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0035] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0036] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0037] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0038] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0039] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0040] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0041] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0042] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0043] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0044] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0045] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (ΔfmaxNf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0046] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0047] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0048] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0049] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0050] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0051] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0052] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0053] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0054] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0055] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0056] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0057] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0058] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0059] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0060] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0061] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0062] In some examples of the wireless communications system 100, a transmitting device (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) may perform probabilistic shaping using a universal energy function, which may be independent of an MCS used by the transmitting device. For example, the energy function may be defined by where i may be a positive integer. The transmitting device may accordingly generate a sequence of energy terms ai with a length that is based on a shaping order L. The transmitting device may determine a probability function for allocating bits to each symbol of the symbol alphabet based on each term of the energy sequence and on a shaping parameter ν. Such techniques may reduce computational complexity and storage used by the transmitting device to perform the probabilistic shaping.
[0063] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 200 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may be implemented by a transmitting device 205 and a receiving device 210, which may be examples of UEs 115 or a network entities 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0064] In some examples, a transmitting device 205 (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) may encode a set of bits 230 (e.g., a set of bits u= (u1, u2, . . ., uk) , where each bit of u has a value of 0 or 1) to generate a set of symbols 220 (e.g., using a probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) architecture) . The transmitting device 205 may transmit the symbols 220 to a receiving device 210 (e.g., a UE 115, a network entity 105) via a channel 215 (e.g., an uplink channel, a downlink channel) . In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may use a probabilistic shaping encoder 225 (e.g., a probabilistic shaping component, a distribution matcher) to transform a sequence of information bits (e.g., the bits 230) to sequences of per-dimension amplitudes (e.g., a set of symbols s= (s1, s2, …, sn) , where each symbol s is an element of a symbol alphabet ) .
[0065] The transmitting device 205 may accordingly distribute the encoded bits across one or more symbols of a symbol alphabet (e.g., one or more amplitudes of the amplitude alphabet ) according to a probability distribution (e.g., a one-sided Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution) . In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may use the symbol alphabet associated with a modulation scheme with a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation order (e.g., for QAM-1024 modulation scheme) . A total quantity M of amplitude bit levels for the modulation order (e.g., an amplitude order) may be defined as where the amplitude bit levels may be indicated by a set of integers {1, 2, …, M} , where 1 may represent a most-significant bit (MSB) level and M may represent a least-significant bit (LSB) level.
[0066] In such examples, an amplitude alphabet associated with the modulation scheme may have a size of m=2M. A Gray mapping over (e.g., ) may be denoted by a one-to-one bit labeling mapping such that any symbol a of the amplitude alphabet may be represented by a vector of M bits (e.g.,
[0067] The transmitting device 205 may therefore generate the symbols 220 such that the encoded bits may have a relatively higher probability of being mapped to an amplitude with a relatively lower energy as compared to an amplitude with a relatively higher energy. In some examples, each element of the symbol alphabet may be a symbol, and a sequence of symbols over the alphabet (e.g., a proxy for a sequence of symbols from the alphabet) may be an ordered tuple of elements, where each element is from the alphabet
[0068] In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may encode the bits 230 assuming that the bits 230 (e.g., a source) are independent and identically distributed and uniformly distributed. The transmitting device may accordingly perform probabilistic shaping independently from source coding or channel coding.
[0069] As an illustrative example, the transmitting device 205 may determine that, for an amplitude alphabet of {1, 3, 5, 7} (e.g., for amplitude shift keying (ASK) -8 or an in-phase and quadrature (I / Q) -dimension of a QAM-64) , a bit may have a chance of being mapped to an amplitude of 1, a chance of being mapped to an amplitude of 3, a chance of being mapped to an amplitude of 5, and a chance of being mapped to an amplitude of 7. In some examples, the output (e.g., the encoded bits 230) may be statistically close to being independent and identically distributed according to (e.g., with a rate of k / n close to an entropy where k is a quantity of input bits of the bits 230 and n is a quantity of symbols 220 to which the encoded bits are mapped) .
[0070] In some examples, the transformation (e.g., from the bits 230 to the symbols 220) may be an invertible (e.g., lossless) , low-complexity, fixed-to-fixed probabilistic shaping. That is, the input of the probabilistic shaping encoder 225 (e.g., the bits 230) may be correctly reconstructed given the output (e.g., the symbols 220) . Accordingly, the receiving device 210 may receive the symbols 220 (e.g., a received sequence of symbols where each symbol s is an element of a symbol alphabet ) ) and may input the symbols 220 into a probabilistic shaping decoder 235 to decode the symbols 220 (e.g., and therefore generate the an estimation of the bits 230, such as where each bit u may have a value of 0 or 1) .
[0071] In some examples (e.g., over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel) , Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions may be associated with a mutual information that is negligibly different from a capacity achieving input distribution of an ASK constellation. For example, the mutual information may be defined as where β is a shaping parameter (e.g., a positive real integer) , Zβ is a normalization parameter, and x∈ {1, 3, . . ., 2M-1} , where 2M is a size of an amplitude alphabet (e.g., a modulation alphabet) . In some examples, the amplitude alphabet may be related to a configured modulation scheme. For example, for a QAM-64 modulation scheme, may include {1, 3, 5, 7} .
[0072] In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may perform full probabilistic shaping or partial probabilistic shaping. For example, for full, probabilistic shaping, the transmitting device 205 may input all of the bits 230 into the probabilistic shaping encoder 225. For partial probabilistic shaping, the transmitting device 205 may input a subset of the bits 230 into the probabilistic shaping encoder 225, and may not perform probabilistic shaping on a second subset of the bits 230.
[0073] For example, for partial probabilistic shaping, the transmitting device may input a subset of the bits 230 (e.g., a quantity of k information bits) into a partial probabilistic shaping encoder 250 to generate n shaped symbols (e.g., from a symbol alphabet ) , and my perform partial symbol-to-bit mapping via a partial symbol-to-bit mapper 240 to generate L bit streams (e.g., bit streams 245-a through a bit stream 245-L) or sequences of shaped bits b1 through bL. The transmitting device 205 may generate a bit stream 245-L+1 through a bit stream 245-M (e.g., sequences of unshaped bits bL+1 through bM for a total of M bit streams, each corresponding to a bit sequence of length n bits) using remaining bits of the bits 230 (e.g., unshaped bits) . The transmitting device 205 may forward each bit stream of shaped or unshaped bits to a forward error correction (FEC) encoder (e.g., along with an additional γn information bits) to generate n-γn parity check bits. In some examples, the FEC encoder may use a low density parity check (LDPC) encoder.
[0074] In some examples, a set of integers {i1, i2, …, iL} corresponding to a subset of the amplitude bit levels {1, 2, …, M} (e.g., where i1<i2<…<iL) may indicate a respective amplitude bit level corresponding to the shaped bits. A complement of {i1, i2, …, iL} with respect to the amplitude bit levels {1, 2, …, M} may indicate amplitude bit levels that correspond to the unshaped bits.
[0075] In some examples, full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping may have a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution as a class of one or more candidate target probability distributions. In such examples, each probability may be proportional to a respective exponential of a respective scaled squared amplitude from a configured modulation scheme (e.g., ) . However, for partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping (e.g., where only a selected quantity of amplitude bit levels correspond to shaped amplitude bits) , each probability may have a different parametric probability distribution form.
[0076] Accordingly, techniques described herein may enable the transmitting device 205 to encode the bits 230 using a universal common setup (e.g., a universal energy function) for determining a target probability distribution. For example, the transmitting device 205 may use a universal energy sequence and a universal parametric family of probability distributions for probabilistic shaping. The universal energy sequence may be defined according to an energy function that may be independent of an MCS used by the transmitting device.
[0077] For example, the transmitting device 205 may define (e.g., specify) an energy for each symbol from a symbol alphabet based on a configured probabilistic shaping scheme (e.g., a full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping scheme, a partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping scheme, a bit-wise probabilistic shaping scheme) and a configured modulation scheme. That is, the transmitting device 205 may identify a correspondence between a shaping order L and a respective prefix subsequence of a universal energy sequence such that the transmitting device 205 may identify the prefix subsequence of the universal energy sequence based on the shaping order L.
[0078] In some examples, based on the universal energy sequency, the transmitting device 205 may define (e.g., specify) a parametric probability distribution over the identified prefix subsequence of the universal energy sequence (e.g., based on the shaping order L) . The parametric probability distribution may depend on a quantity of amplitude bit levels that correspond to shaped bits (e.g., a size of the symbol alphabet ) . The transmitting device 205 may use the parametric probability distribution as a target distribution for mapping the encoded bits to the symbols 220.
[0079] In some examples, to perform probabilistic shaping based on such a universal energy sequence, the transmitting device 205 and the receiving device 210 may align on one or more parameters, such as the symbol alphabet an energy function E, a shaping parameter ν, and a probability distribution Pv (e.g., a shaping quadruple ( E, ν, Pv) ) . Accordingly, an output sequence of symbols (e.g., the symbols 220) before transmission to the receiving device 210 may resemble an independent and identically distributed sequence drawn according to the probability distribution Pv.
[0080] By performing probabilistic shaping based on a universal energy sequence, the transmitting device 205 may use a common shaping method flow across multiple modulation orders (e.g., independent of an MCS) . That is, the universal energy sequence (e.g., and therefore the parametric family of probability distributions) for probabilistic shaping may have a same method flow (e.g., specifying a target probability distribution, encoding and decoding operations) and hardware and software implementations for a relatively higher modulation order and for a relatively lower modulation order. For example, performing 2-level partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping for QAM-1024 (e.g., shaping a first two MSB levels) may have a same shaping method flow as performing full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping for QAM-64. Such techniques may therefore simplify a process for shaping (e.g., as defined in a technical specification) .
[0081] Additionally, the described techniques may result in relatively reduced complexity, storage, and computational processing for a given modulation order (e.g., QAM-1024) over performing full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping over the modulation order. For example, the transmitting device may perform 2-level partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping for QAM-256 and for QAM-1024, which may have a same order of computational and storage complexity as QAM-64 (e.g., the complexity may be independent of the MCS) . Accordingly, the transmitting device 205 may store and identify a single specification for QAM-64, for QAM-256, and for QAM-1024, which may reduce storage use related to probabilistic shaping.
[0082] That is, the transmitting device 205 may store energy-based quantities such as N (n, E) or Nc (n, E) for QAM-64 (e.g., a size 4 alphabet of symbol energies specified according to the universal energy sequence or a segment of the universal energy sequence) rather than for each of QAM-64, QAM-256, and QAM-1024.
[0083] As described herein, an encoder of the transmitting device 205 may process an approximate value of energy-based cardinalities N (n, E) . For example, N (n, E) may be a quantity of sequences over a symbol alphabet with a sequence length of n and an energy of E, such as where a superscript may indicate the symbol alphabet, and where for a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) . In some examples, E may be an example of the universal energy function as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, N (n, E) may be a recursively defined through a recursion of integer values of E, such as where an initialization from n=0 is set as N (0, E) =1 when E=0 and N (0, E) =0 when E<0. N (n, E) may then be defined for a range of non-integer values of E by an interpolation (e.g., a linear interpolation) of N (n, E1) and N (n, E2) such that E1≤E≤E2 (e.g., and respectively as a largest integer smaller than or equal to E and a smallest integer larger than or equal to E) , or a linear interpolation between logN (n, E1) and logN (n, E2) .
[0084] Similarly, an encoder of the transmitting device 205 may process an approximate value of energy-based cardinalities Nc (n, E) . For example, Nc (n, E) may be a quantity of sequences over a symbol alphabet with a sequence length of n and an energy of at most E, such as where a superscript may indicate the symbol alphabet, and where for a sequence s= (s1, s2, …, sn) . In some examples, E may be an example of the universal energy function as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, Nc (n, E) may be a recursively defined through a recursion of integer values of E, such as where an initialization from n=0 is set as N (0, E) =1 when E≥0 and N (0, E) =0 when E<0. N (n, E) may then be defined for a range of non-integer values of E by an interpolation (e.g., a linear interpolation) of Nc (n, E1) and Nc (n, E2) such that E1≤E≤E2 (e.g., and respectively as a largest integer smaller than or equal to E and a smallest integer larger than or equal to E) , or a linear interpolation between logNc (n, E1) and logNc (n, E2) .
[0085] In some examples, a sequence may include a series of squared odd integers O (e.g., squared amplitudes) and a series of positive integers U. For example, the series of squared odd integers may be denoted as O= { (2i-1) 2} i≥1, with oi= (2i-1) 2, where i is a positive integer. The series of positive integers U may be defined according to Equation 1.
[0086] With reference to Equation 1, Accordingly, oi and ui may be related according to ui= (oi-1) / 8 for each integer i. As described herein, the universal energy sequence may be defined as a first A elements in U (e.g., UA= {ui} 1≤i≤A) . The parameter A may be a multiple or power of 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and so on) . In some examples, both of the transmitting device 205 and the receiving device 210 may know a value of A and U (e.g., a priori, prior to the transmission of the symbols 220) .
[0087] In some examples, A may be large enough to cover a quantity of possible symbols in relatively small modulation order up to a largest modulation order used by the transmitting device 205 to modulate the encoded bits (e.g., to map the encoded bits to the symbols 220) . For example, a value A=8 (e.g., with a universal energy sequence U8=(0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28) ) may be used for modulation schemes with modulation orders as large as those of QAM-256 or ASK-16 (e.g., in one dimension) , or for modulation schemes with smaller modulation orders such as QAM-64 or QAM-16. A value A=16 (e.g., with a universal energy sequence U16= (0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, 91, 105, 120) ) may be used for modulation schemes with modulation orders as large as those of QAM-1024 or ASK-32 (e.g., or modulation schemes with smaller modulation orders, such as QAM-256, OAm-64, ASK-16, and the like) . A value A=32 (e.g., with a universal energy sequence U16=(0, 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 66, 78, 91, 105, 120, 136, 153, 171, 190, 210, 231, 253, 276, 300, 325, 351, 378, 406, 435, 465, 496) ) may be used for QAM-4096 or ASK-64.
[0088] In some examples, the series of odd integers (e.g., {2i-1} i≥1= (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, . . . ) , as a sequence of ASK amplitudes or a sequence of per-dimension QAM amplitudes, may have a sequence of arithmetic averages (e.g., midpoints) of K consecutive and disjoint elements that exhibit a scaling property of with respect to the series. In some examples, such a scaling parameter may be equal to K. Additionally, each squared arithmetic average of K consecutive odd integers (e.g., each squared midpoint) may be, up to a constant shift, equal to an arithmetic average of K respective squared odd integers. That is, an average of squares may be, up to the constant shift, equal to a square of averages.
[0089] Additionally, the average of squares and the square of averages may be related to the universal energy sequence U. For example, the average of squares and the square of averages may each include a term In other words, each left-hand side of the average of squares and the square of averages may be equal to a scaled and shifted element ui of the universal energy sequence U. Accordingly, for any probability shaping scheme (e.g., for QAM-16) , if a target probability for each symbol (e.g., 1 or 3) from a corresponding symbol alphabet (e.g., ) is proportional to an exponential of an energy of that symbol (e.g., 12 or 32) that is, up to a shifting and scaling operation, equal to a distinct element of U, then the energy of each symbol may be defined as equal to a corresponding distinct element of U.
[0090] An example universal energy sequence for a given shaping order L and examples of probabilistic shaping modulation schemes that may be used by the transmitting device 205 for the corresponding shaping order is illustrated with reference to Table 1. In some examples, for full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping, L may be greater than or equal to a quantity M, where a size of a symbol alphabet (e.g., a modulation order) m=2M. As described herein, for a modulation order of M may be defined as For partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping, L may be less than M. In some examples, the size of the universal energy sequence UA may be equal to 2L.
[0091] Table 1
[0092] In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may determine a universal parametric family of probability distributions based on the universal energy sequence. For example, for an alphabet of symbols and corresponding symbol energy ( E) , and for a configured modulation scheme the transmitting device 205 may configure a probabilistic shaping scheme to identify a total of L amplitude bit levels (e.g., out of M amplitude bit levels, where ) . If M=L, the configured probabilistic shaping scheme may be a full symbol-wise probabilistic shaping scheme. If M>L, the configured probabilistic shaping scheme may be a partial symbol-wise probabilistic shaping scheme. Each probabilistic shaping scheme may include an alphabet of symbols and an ordering of elements in the alphabet of symbols. In some examples, a size of the alphabet of symbols may be equal to and one or more elements of the alphabet may be denoted by where an ordering of elements of the alphabet may be a1<a2, a2<a3, and so on. For example, for QAM-64 with M=L=2, a1=1, a2=3, a3=5 and a4=7. For QAM-1024 with M=4>L=2, a1= (1, 0) , a2= (1, 1) , a3= (0, 1) and a4= (0, 0) .
[0093] An energy of each symbol of the symbol alphabet may be defined according to a prefix subsequence of the universal energy sequence U. For example, an energy E (ai) of a symbol ai may be defined according to That is, an ordering of energy values of the elements of the symbol alphabet may follow the ordering of the elements in the symbol alphabet For example, E (ai) <E (al) if ai<al for distinct i and l such that and
[0094] As an illustrative example, for QAM-1024, with a modulation order of 10;amplitude bit levels of {1, 2, 3, 4} ; amplitude symbols in a symbol alphabet of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, and 31; M=4, L=2; partial shaping bit levels {1, 2} ; a Gray mapping for each amplitude symbol may be as follows: and
[0095] A symbol alphabet may therefore include { (1, 0) , (1, 1) , (0, 1) , (0, 0) } . That is, under Gray mapping, the amplitude symbols 1, 3, 5, and 7 may be associated with a same two MSBs (e.g., 1, 0) , the amplitude symbols 9, 11, 13, and 15 may be associated with a same two MSBs (e.g., 1, 1) , the amplitude symbols 17, 19, 21, and 13 may be associated with a same two MSBs (e.g., 0, 1) , and the amplitude symbols 25, 27, 29, and 31 may be associated with a same two MSBs (e.g., 0, 0) . In such an example, symbol energies ε of each symbol in the symbol alphabet may be based on the amplitude symbols associated with the corresponding MSBs, according to and
[0096] That is, there may be a common shifting and scaling of ε to E, according to E (ai) = (ε (ai) -21) / 128, which may give rise to the first four elements of the universal energy sequence U4= (0, 1, 3, 6) ) . Accordingly, the transmitting device 205 may determine parametric probabilities for encoding the bits according to the universal energy sequence.
[0097] The transmitting device 205 may determine a set of parametric probabilities according to a probability distribution Pv over the symbol alphabet For example, Pvmay be defined according to an exponential base parametric form where Zv may be a normalization parameter. As an illustrative example, Zv may be equal to 1+e-v (e.g., for a shaping order L of 1) . Additionally, or alternatively, Pv may be defined according to a base 2 parametric form An exponential base parametric probability distribution is illustrated with reference to Table 2, and a base 2 parametric probability distribution is illustrated with reference to Table 3. As illustrated with reference to Tables 2 and 3, the parametric probability distributions may be equivalent excepting a change of base.
[0098] As described herein, normalization may refer to obtaining parametric probabilities by dividing each element in the set of parametric probabilities by a sum of all involved elements. For example, for a shaping order L of 1 and a probability distribution of Zv may be equal to 1+e-v. For a shaping order L of 1 and a probability distribution of Zv may be equal to 1+2-v (e.g., such that, after normalization, the parametric probabilities for a shaping order of 1 may be equal to and ) .
[0099] Table 2
[0100] Table 3
[0101] The transmitting device 205 may quantize Pv to obtain a sequence composition where k* satisfies and Each element of k* may be nonnegative and may satisfy In some examples, an input payload size k (e.g., a size of the bits 230, a sequence length of u) may be determine based on a multinomial coefficient corresponding to the sequence composition k*. For example, k may be an integer that is less than or equal to log2
[0102] The transmitting device 205 may perform an encoding operation (e.g., via the probabilistic shaping encoder 225) of constant-composition distribution matching (CCDM) . That is, the transmitting device 205 may encode the input sequence u of k bits 230 to an output sequence s of n symbols 220 (e.g., elements of the symbol alphabet) , such that a quantity ki (s) of occurrences of each symbol ai of the symbol alphabet appears in the output sequence s is equal to where k is independent of the values of the input sequence u of bits 230.
[0103] In some aspects, the transmitting device 205 and the receiving device 210 may align on a target probability distribution Pv. For example, the transmitting device 205 and the receiving device 210 may have a same determination flow for defining a universal energy sequence and parametric probability distribution. The transmitting device 205 and the receiving device 210 may accordingly align on the shaping quadruple ( E, ν, Pv) . In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may indicate a configured probabilistic shaping scheme such that the receiving device 210 may use a same ordering of elements in the symbol alphabet and may define an energy of each element in the symbol alphabet in a same manner as the transmitting device 205. Accordingly, the transmitting device 205 may indicate the shaping order L to the receiving device 210 (e.g., based on a configured probabilistic shaping scheme) . The receiving device 210 and the transmitting device 205 may accordingly identify a common prefix subsequence of the universal energy sequence (e.g., based on the shaping order L) .
[0104] In some examples, the transmitting device 205 may compute a target average symbol energy parameter value ω*. For example, the transmitting device 205 may compute ω* according to (e.g., for ) . The value ω* may depend on a definition of the energy function E and the parametric probability distribution Pv (e.g., which may depend on E) . The transmitting device 205 may use finite-precision arithmetic to compute ω*. For example, ω* may be associated with a finite-precision data type characteristic (e.g., may be of the form a2l, with an exponent term l representing a magnitude of ω* and a mantissa term a∈ [1, 2) or a∈ [0.5, 1) representing a precision of ω*. The transmitting device 205 may allocate bits to symbols (e.g., via the probabilistic shaping encoder 225) according to the target average symbol energy parameter value ω*.
[0105] FIG. 3 shows an example of a process flow 300 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 300 may implement or may be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the wireless communications system 200. For example, the process flow 300 may be implemented by a transmitting device 302 and a receiving device 303, which may be examples of UEs 115 or a network entities 105 as described with reference to FIG. 1.
[0106] In the following description of the process flow 300, the operations between the transmitting device 302 and the receiving device 303 may occur in a different order than the example order shown and, in some examples, may be performed by one or more different devices other than those shown as examples. Some operations also may be omitted from the process flow 300, and other operations may be added to the process flow 300. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time.
[0107] At 305, the transmitting device 302 may input one or more bits into an encoder (e.g., a probabilistic shaping encoder) . In some examples, the one or more bits may be a subset of a set of information bits of a message for the receiving device 303 (e.g., for partial symbol-wise shaping) or all of the set of information bits (e.g., for full symbol-wise shaping) . In some examples, at 310, the transmitting device 302 may compute an average symbol energy (e.g., based on an energy function and a probability distribution) .
[0108] At 315, the transmitting device 302 may encode the one or more bits using the probabilistic shaping encoder to generate a sequence of symbols associated with the message. For example, the transmitting device 302 may encode the one or more bits based on a symbol alphabet (e.g., where the sequence of symbols are symbols of the symbol alphabet) , the energy function (e.g., where i is a positive integer representative of a respective index) , the probability distribution, and a shaping rate parameter. In some examples, the energy function may be independent of an MCS used by the transmitting device 302. In some examples, the transmitting device 302 may encode the one or more bits in accordance with the average symbol energy.
[0109] In some examples, the transmitting device 302 may encode the one or more bits based on a sequence of energy terms (e.g., a universal energy sequence) . For example, the transmitting device 302 may generate the sequence of energy terms using the energy function (e.g., where each term is associated with a respective index) . A quantity of terms in the sequence of energy terms may be based on a shaping order of the probabilistic shaping encoder. For example, the quantity of terms may be equal to 2 to the power of the shaping order.
[0110] In some examples, the shaping order may be associated with the MCS used by the transmitting device. For example, for full symbol-wise probabilistic encoding, the shaping order may be less than or equal to a quantity of symbols in the symbol alphabet associated with the MCS.
[0111] The transmitting device 302 may encode the one or more bits based on a sequence of probabilities. The sequence of probabilities may be computed according to the probability distribution, the sequence of energy terms, and the shaping rate parameter. In some examples, a quantity of occurrences of a symbol in the sequence of symbols may be based on a quantization of the sequence of probabilities and a quantity of symbols in the sequence of symbols.
[0112] In some examples, at 320, the transmitting device 302 may indicate, to the receiving device 303, the shaping order. The receiving device 303 may accordingly configure the sequence of energy terms, and therefore the sequence of probabilities for a probabilistic shaping decoder that corresponds to the probabilistic shaping encoder of the transmitting device 302.
[0113] At 325, the transmitting device 302 may transmit the message (e.g., including the sequence of symbols) . At 330, the receiving device 303 may input the sequence of symbols into the probabilistic shaping decoder. At 335, the receiving device 303 may decode the bits to obtain the set of bits of the message. For example, the receiving device may decode the bits based on the shaping rate parameter, the energy function, the probability distribution, and the symbol alphabet used by the transmitting device 302 to encode the bits (e.g., based on receiving the indication of the shaping order from the transmitting device 302) .
[0114] FIG. 4 shows a block diagram 400 of a device 405 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 405 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 405 may include a receiver 410, a transmitter 415, and a communications manager 420. The device 405, or one or more components of the device 405 (e.g., the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, the communications manager 420) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0115] The receiver 410 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 405. In some examples, the receiver 410 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 410 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0116] The transmitter 415 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 405. For example, the transmitter 415 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 415 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 415 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 415 and the receiver 410 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0117] The communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0118] In some examples, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0119] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 420, the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0120] In some examples, the communications manager 420 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both. For example, the communications manager 420 may receive information from the receiver 410, send information to the transmitter 415, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0121] The communications manager 420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. The communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The communications manager 420 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0122] By including or configuring the communications manager 420 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 405 (e.g., at least one processor (not shown) controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 410, the transmitter 415, the communications manager 420, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for probabilistic shaping according to a universal energy sequence, which may result in reduced processing and reduced power consumption.
[0123] FIG. 5 shows a block diagram 500 of a device 505 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 505 may be an example of aspects of a device 405, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 505 may include a receiver 510, a transmitter 515, and a communications manager 520. The device 505, or one or more components of the device 505 (e.g., the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, the communications manager 520) , may include at least one processor (not shown) , which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0124] The receiver 510 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 505. In some examples, the receiver 510 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 510 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0125] The transmitter 515 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 505. For example, the transmitter 515 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 515 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas (not shown) . Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 515 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 515 and the receiver 510 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0126] The device 505, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 520 may include a bit encoding component 525 a message transmitting component 530, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 520 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 420 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 520, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both. For example, the communications manager 520 may receive information from the receiver 510, send information to the transmitter 515, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 510, the transmitter 515, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0127] The communications manager 520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The bit encoding component 525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. The bit encoding component 525 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The message transmitting component 530 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0128] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a communications manager 620 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 620 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 420, a communications manager 520, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 620, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620 may include a bit encoding component 625, a message transmitting component 630, a parameter computing component 635, a shaping order indication component 640, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors (not shown) , one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0129] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The bit encoding component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. In some examples, the bit encoding component 625 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The message transmitting component 630 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0130] In some examples, encoding the one or more bits is based on a sequence of energy parameters. In some examples, a quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is based on a shaping order associated with the probabilistic shaping encoder.
[0131] In some examples, the shaping order indication component 640 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, a message including an indication of the shaping order.
[0132] In some examples, each energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is associated with a respective index. In some examples, a respective energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is computed according to the energy function based on the respective index.
[0133] In some examples, U= { (i (i-1) ) / 2} , where i is representative of the respective index and is a positive integer.
[0134] In some examples, the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is two to the power of the shaping order.
[0135] In some examples, the shaping order is associated with the modulation and coding scheme.
[0136] In some examples, encoding the one or more bits is based on a sequence of probabilities. In some examples, a quantity of probabilities of the sequence of probabilities corresponds to the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters in accordance with the shaping order.
[0137] In some examples, a respective probability of the sequence of probabilities is computed according to the probability distribution based on a corresponding energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters and on the shaping rate parameter.
[0138] In some examples, a quantity of occurrences of a symbol of the sequence of symbols is based on a quantization of the sequence of probabilities and a quantity of symbols in the sequence of symbols.
[0139] In some examples, the one or more bits include a subset of a set of information bits. In some examples, the message includes the set of information bits.
[0140] In some examples, the parameter computing component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for computing a series of energy parameters in accordance with an energy function. Additionally, or alternatively, the parameter computing component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for computing a series of probabilities in accordance with the series of energy parameters, a shaping rate function, and a probability distribution function. Additionally, or alternatively, the parameter computing component 635 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for computing an average symbol energy parameter associated with the probability distribution, where the probabilistic shaping encoder encodes the one or more bits in accordance with the average symbol energy parameter.
[0141] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of a system 700 including a device 705 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of or include components of a device 405, a device 505, a UE 115, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 705 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 705 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 720, a transceiver 710, one or more antennas 715, at least one memory 725, code 730, and at least one processor 735. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 740) .
[0142] The transceiver 710 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 710 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 710 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 705 may include one or more antennas 715, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 710 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 715, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 715, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 710 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 715 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 715 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 710 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 735, the at least one memory 725, or both) that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 710, or the transceiver 710 and the one or more antennas 715, or the transceiver 710 and the one or more antennas 715 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 735, the at least one memory 725, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 705. In some examples, the transceiver 710 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0143] The at least one memory 725 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 725 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 730. The code 730 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 735, cause the device 705 to perform various functions described herein. The code 730 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 730 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 735 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 725 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 735 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 725 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0144] The at least one processor 735 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 735 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 735. The at least one processor 735 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 725) to cause the device 705 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions) . For example, the device 705 or a component of the device 705 may include at least one processor 735 and at least one memory 725 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 735, the at least one processor 735 and the at least one memory 725 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 735 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 730) to perform the functions of the device 705. The at least one processor 735 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 705 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 725) .
[0145] In some examples, the at least one processor 735 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 725 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 735 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 735) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 725) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 735 or a processing system including the at least one processor 735 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 705 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 725 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0146] In some examples, a bus 740 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 740 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 705, or between different components of the device 705 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 705 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 720, the transceiver 710, the at least one memory 725, the code 730, and the at least one processor 735 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0147] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 720 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 720 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 720 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0148] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The communications manager 720 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits.
[0149] By including or configuring the communications manager 720 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 705 may support techniques for probabilistic shaping according to a universal energy sequence, which may result in improved user experience related to reduced processing, improved coordination between devices, and reduced storage use.
[0150] In some examples, the communications manager 720 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 710, the one or more antennas 715 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 720 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 720 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 710, one or more of the at least one processor 735, one or more of the at least one memory 725, the code 730, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 735, the at least one memory 725, the code 730, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 730 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 735 to cause the device 705 to perform various aspects of probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions as described herein, or the at least one processor 735 and the at least one memory 725 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0151] FIG. 8 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 800 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 800 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 800 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0152] At 805, the method may include inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. The operations of 805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 805 may be performed by a bit encoding component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0153] At 810, the method may include encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The operations of 810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 810 may be performed by a bit encoding component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0154] At 815, the method may include transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits. The operations of 815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 815 may be performed by a message transmitting component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0155] FIG. 9 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 900 that supports probabilistic shaping using universal energy functions in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0156] At 905, the method may include inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a bit encoding component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0157] At 910, the method may include encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, where the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device. The operations of 910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 910 may be performed by a bit encoding component 625 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0158] At 915, the method may include transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message including the encoded one or more bits. The operations of 915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 915 may be performed by a message transmitting component 630 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0159] At 920, the method may include transmitting, to the second wireless device, a message including an indication of a shaping order. The operations of 920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 920 may be performed by a shaping order indication component 640 as described with reference to FIG. 6.
[0160] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications by a first wireless device, comprising: inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device; encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based at least in part on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, wherein the energy function is independent of a MCS associated with the message for the second wireless device; and transmitting, to the second wireless device, the message comprising the encoded one or more bits.
[0161] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein encoding the one or more bits is based at least in part on a sequence of energy parameters, a quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is based at least in part on a shaping order associated with the probabilistic shaping encoder.
[0162] Aspect 3: The method of aspect 2, further comprising: transmitting, to the second wireless device, a message comprising an indication of the shaping order.
[0163] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 2 through 3, wherein each energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is associated with a respective index, and a respective energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is computed according to the energy function based at least in part on the respective index.
[0164] Aspect 5: The method of aspect 4, wherein the energy function defines a universal energy sequence, U, as follows U= { (i (i-1) ) / 2} , where i is representative of the respective index and is a positive integer.
[0165] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 2 through 5, wherein the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is two to the power of the shaping order.
[0166] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 2 through 6, wherein the shaping order is associated with the MCS.
[0167] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 2 through 7, wherein encoding the one or more bits is based at least in part on a sequence of probabilities, a quantity of probabilities of the sequence of probabilities corresponds to the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters in accordance with the shaping order.
[0168] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein a respective probability of the sequence of probabilities is computed according to the probability distribution based at least in part on a corresponding energy parameter and on the shaping rate parameter.
[0169] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 8 through 9, wherein a quantity of occurrences of a symbol of the sequence of symbols is based at least in part on a quantization of the sequence of probabilities and a quantity of symbols in the sequence of symbols.
[0170] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the one or more bits comprise a subset of a set of information bits, and the message comprises the set of information bits.
[0171] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: computing an average symbol energy parameter associated with the probability distribution, wherein the probabilistic shaping encoder encodes the one or more bits in accordance with the average symbol energy parameter.
[0172] Aspect 13: A first wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0173] Aspect 14: A first wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0174] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0175] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0176] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0177] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0178] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein (not shown) . A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0179] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0180] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0181] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0182] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0183] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0184] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0185] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0186] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:input one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device;encode, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based at least in part on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, wherein the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device; andtransmit, to the second wireless device, the message comprising the encoded one or more bits.2.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein encoding the one or more bits is based at least in part on a sequence of energy parameters, wherein a quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is based at least in part on a shaping order associated with the probabilistic shaping encoder.3.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:transmit, to the second wireless device, a message comprising an indication of the shaping order.4.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein each energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is associated with a respective index, and wherein a respective energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is computed according to the energy function based at least in part on the respective index.5.The first wireless device of claim 4, wherein the energy function defines a universal energy sequence, U, as follows: where i is representative of the respective index and is a positive integer.6.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is two to the power of the shaping order.7.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein the shaping order is associated with the modulation and coding scheme.8.The first wireless device of claim 2, wherein encoding the one or more bits is based at least in part on a sequence of probabilities, wherein a quantity of probabilities of the sequence of probabilities corresponds to the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters in accordance with the shaping order.9.The first wireless device of claim 8, wherein a respective probability of the sequence of probabilities is computed according to the probability distribution based at least in part on a corresponding energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters and on the shaping rate parameter.10.The first wireless device of claim 8, wherein a quantity of occurrences of a symbol of the sequence of symbols is based at least in part on a quantization of the sequence of probabilities and a quantity of symbols in the sequence of symbols.11.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more bits comprise a subset of a set of information bits, and wherein the message comprises the set of information bits.12.The first wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the first wireless device to:compute an average symbol energy parameter associated with the probability distribution, wherein the probabilistic shaping encoder encodes the one or more bits in accordance with the average symbol energy parameter.13.A method for wireless communications by a first wireless device, comprising:inputting one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of the first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device;encoding, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based at least in part on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, wherein the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device; andtransmitting, to the second wireless device, the message comprising the encoded one or more bits.14.The method of claim 13, wherein encoding the one or more bits is based at least in part on a sequence of energy parameters, and wherein a quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is based at least in part on a shaping order associated with the probabilistic shaping encoder.15.The method of claim 14, further comprising:transmitting, to the second wireless device, a message comprising an indication of the shaping order.16.The method of claim 14, wherein each energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is associated with a respective index, and wherein a respective energy parameter of the sequence of energy parameters is computed according to the energy function based at least in part on the respective index.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the energy function defines a universal energy sequence, U, as follows: where i is representative of the respective index and is a positive integer.18.The method of claim 14, wherein the quantity of energy parameters in the sequence of energy parameters is two to the power of the shaping order.19.The method of claim 14, wherein the shaping order is associated with the modulation and coding scheme.20.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:input one or more bits of an input bit sequence into a probabilistic shaping encoder of a first wireless device, the one or more bits associated with a message for a second wireless device;encode, using the probabilistic shaping encoder, the one or more bits to generate a sequence of symbols based at least in part on a symbol alphabet, an energy function, a shaping rate parameter, and a probability distribution, wherein the energy function is independent of a modulation and coding scheme associated with the message for the second wireless device; andtransmit, to the second wireless device, the message comprising the encoded one or more bits.