Logical channel prioritization
By prioritizing target PDUs from higher layers during logical channel allocation, the solution addresses delays and retransmissions in existing communication protocols, improving transmission efficiency and reducing delay in scenarios like handover and PDCP duplication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication protocols, such as those defined by 3GPP, do not consider prioritizing status protocol data units (PDUs) from higher layers during logical channel prioritization (LCP), leading to delayed transmissions and unnecessary retransmissions, particularly in scenarios like handover and radio bearers with PDCP duplication.
Determine a target PDU associated with a logical channel from a higher layer than the MAC layer and allocate transmission resources based on prioritization, ensuring that LCHs with status PDUs are not blocked by other PDUs, thereby improving transmission efficiency and reducing delay.
The proposed solution ensures timely transmission of status PDUs, reducing delay and unnecessary retransmissions by prioritizing LCHs with target PDUs, thus enhancing overall communication efficiency.
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Figure CN2024131128_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LOGICAL CHANNEL PRIORITIZATIONFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication and in particular, to methods, devices, apparatuses and computer readable storage medium for logical channel prioritization (LCP) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network may serve as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network.
[0003] The communication network may operate in accordance with standards such as those provided by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) . Examples of standards provided by 3GPP are the so-called 3GPP standards for cellular technology generations, such as 3GPP standards for 4G technology, 5G technology, 6G technology etc.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to: determine a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer; allocate transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU; and perform a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.
[0005] In a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to: transmit, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized; grant, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus; and receive, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.
[0006] In a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer; allocating transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU; and performing a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.
[0007] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized; granting, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus; and receiving, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.
[0008] In a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first apparatus. The first apparatus comprises means for determining a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer; means for allocating transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU; and means for performing a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.
[0009] In a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second apparatus. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized; means for granting, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus; and means for receiving, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.
[0010] In a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the third aspect.
[0011] In an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium comprises instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to the fourth aspect.
[0012] It is to be understood that the Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, where:
[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart of an example process for logical channel prioritization according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of another example process for logical channel prioritization according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0021] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0023] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0024] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0025] It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second, ” …, etc. in front of noun (s) and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another and they do not limit the order of the noun (s) . For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0026] As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0027] As used herein, unless stated explicitly, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included.
[0028] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0029] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0030] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0031] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0032] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0033] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0034] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0035] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0036] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , 5.5G, the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0037] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth orbit (GEO) satellite, an aircraft network device, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. In some example embodiments, radio access network (RAN) split architecture comprises a Centralized Unit (CU) and a Distributed Unit (DU) at an IAB donor node. An IAB node comprises a Mobile Terminal (IAB-MT) part that behaves like a UE toward the parent node, and a DU part of an IAB node behaves like a base station toward the next-hop IAB node.
[0038] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. The terminal device may also correspond to a Mobile Termination (MT) part of an IAB node (e.g., a relay node) . In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0039] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “resource block, ” “physical resource block” (PRB) , “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, for example, a communication between a terminal device and a network device, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other combination of the time, frequency, space and / or code domain resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0040] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a first apparatus 110 and a second apparatus 120 may communicate with each other. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus 110 may comprise a terminal device (for example, a UE) , and the second apparatus 120 may comprise a network device (for example, a gNB) .
[0041] It is to be understood that the number of first apparatus 110 and second apparatus 120 shown in FIG. 1 is given for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of first apparatus 110 and second apparatus 120.
[0042] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the first apparatus 110 operating as a terminal device and the second apparatus 120 operating as a network device. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0043] In some example embodiments, if the first apparatus 110 is a terminal device or included in a terminal device and the second apparatus 120 is a network device or is included in a network device, a transmission direction from the second apparatus 120 to the first apparatus 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , and a transmission direction from the first apparatus 110 to the second apparatus 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second apparatus 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the first apparatus 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the first apparatus 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second apparatus 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0044] Communications in the communication environment 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) , and the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0045] In 3GPP specifications, an LCP procedure is applied when a new transmission is performed to determine how to distribute the scheduling grant for an uplink (UL) transmission to be received by the second apparatus (e.g., gNB) across the LCHs that have data available. However, in LCP, there is no consideration regarding prioritizing status protocol data units (PDUs) from higher layers. As a result, during the LCP, the LCHs with status PDUs awaiting transmission, may end up not getting enough allocation to put such status PDUs in the medium access control (MAC) PDU being generated for transmission, delaying transmission of these PDUs. In the following, a status PDU may also be called a control PDU, a higher-layer PDU, or a target PDU.
[0046] For example, the delay in transmitting a control PDU from a radio link control (RLC) layer may delay a requested retransmission accordingly, which will directly increase the delay observed at higher layers. For example, the delay in transmitting the control PDU from the RLC layer or the packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer may lead to unnecessary retransmission by PDCP in scenarios such as handover and radio bearers configured with PDCP duplication.
[0047] According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, a solution for logical channel prioritization is provided. A target PDU, which is from a layer higher than a MAC layer, associated with a first LCH of a plurality of LCHs is determined, and transmission resources are allocated among the plurality of LCHs based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU. By prioritizing the LCH with the target PDU, the target PDU is not blocked by other PDUs from other LCHs. In this way, the transmission efficiency may be improved, and the transmission delay may be avoided.
[0048] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0049] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart of a process 200 for logical channel prioritization according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the process 200 involves the first apparatus 110 and the second apparatus 120.
[0050] The first apparatus 110 may include a MAC layer 211 and a higher layer 212. In some example embodiments, the higher layer 212 refers to a layer higher than the MAC layer. As an example, the higher layer 212 may include a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, or a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0051] In the following description, acts implemented at the first apparatus 110 may be described with respect to the MAC layer 211. However, it is noted that acts described with respect to the MAC layer 211 may be performed at another layer of the first apparatus. Further, acts described with respect to a layer may be performed by an entity at the layer. For example, acts described with respect to the MAC layer 211 may be performed by an MAC entity at the MAC layer 211.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 2, the first apparatus 110 determines (250) a target PDU associated with a first LCH of a plurality of LCHs. Determination of the target PDU may be performed by the MAC layer 211 or any other suitable layer. Protection scope is not limited in this regard. The target PDU may be from a layer higher than the MAC layer 211, for example, from the higher layer 212. In an example, an LCP procedure may be applied when a new transmission is performed or is to be performed. During the LCP procedure, the MAC layer 211 may select the plurality of LCHs for which resources may be allocated from an UL grant and determine the target PDU. The selected LCHs may be those with uplink data or control PDUs in a buffer.
[0053] In embodiments of the present disclosure, the target PDU may refer to the PDU that is prioritized during resource allocation. In some example embodiments, the target PDU may include a control PDU, for example, a STATUS PDU or other types of PDU.
[0054] The first LCH associated with the target PDU may be prioritized over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU. In the following, the LCH with an associated target PDU may be referred to as the first LCH or a prioritized LCH, and an LCH without an associated target PDU may be referred to as a non-prioritized LCH. As an example, in a case where there are 3 LCHs including the LCH 1, LCH 2 and LCH 3, if the LCH 1 has a target PDU from the layer higher than the MAC layer, and LCH 2 and LCH 3 do not have a qualified target PDU to prioritize, then transmission resources may be prioritized for allocation to the LCH 1 over the LCH 2 and LCH 3.
[0055] It should be understood that there may be one or more target PDUs that need to be prioritized during resource allocation. The present disclosure does not limit the number of PDUs that need to be prioritized during resource allocation.
[0056] In some example embodiments, the target PDU may be indicated or specified by the higher layer 212. As an example, it may specify that only the control PDU from the RLC layer may be prioritized during resource allocation. In some example embodiments, the MAC layer 211 may transmit a query to the higher layer 212, e.g., at least one of the RLC layer, the PDCP layer, or the SDAP layer, to request information about one or more PDUs to be transmitted. The higher layer 212 may receive the query, and transmit (240) PDU information about one or more PDUs to be transmitted to the MAC layer 211. Based on the information obtained from the higher layer 212, the MAC layer 211 may determine (250) the target PDU from the one or more PDUs. In an example, if only control PDUs are considered for prioritization, the PDU information from the higher layer 212 may include information about one or more control PDUs.
[0057] In some example embodiments, the PDU information may include the type of the PDU. The higher layer 212 may indicate the type of each PDU. In some example embodiments, a PDU with a predetermined type may be prioritized, while PDUs of another type (even if being from a higher layer) may not be prioritized in the same way. The MAC layer 211 may determine the PDU with the predetermined type as the target PDU.
[0058] In some example embodiments, the target PDU may be configured by the second apparatus 120, e.g., via radio resource control (RRC) signaling. The second apparatus 120 may transmit (230) , to the first apparatus 110, configuration information indicating a type of PDUs for which resource allocation is to be prioritized, while PDUs of another type (even if being from a higher layer) may not be prioritized in the same way. Accordingly, the first apparatus 110 may receive the configuration information from the second apparatus 120.
[0059] Based the configuration information and the PDU information from the higher layer 212, the MAC layer 211 may determine the target PDU, for example, a target control PDU. For example, the MAC layer 211 may compare the indicated type with the respective types of the one or more PDUs, and determine (250) , from the one or more PDUs, a PDU with the indicated type as the target PDU.
[0060] In some example embodiments, not all LCHs are to be prioritized. In an example, at least one LCH of the plurality of LCH may be specified to be prioritized or configured by the second apparatus 120 as to be prioritized. Accordingly, the target PDU may be determined from PDUs associated with the at least one LCH, while other LCHs (even if comprising higher layer control PDUs) may not be eligible for target PDU determination. That is, PDUs associated with other LCHs that are not specified or configured to be prioritized would not be considered.
[0061] In some example embodiments, the target PDU may also be determined based on the condition or feature of the LCH (s) . If a LCH (e.g., a first LCH) is configured with a predetermined feature, a PDU associated with this LCH may be determined as the target PDU, while other LCHs (even if comprising higher layer control PDUs) may not be eligible for target PDU determination. As an example, if a LCH is configured with LCH priority adjustment, or RLC retransmission enhancement (e.g. autonomous retransmission, enhanced polling / status report etc. ) , then the PDU associated with the LCH may be determined as the target PDU. In some example embodiments, the PDU associated with the LCH configured with the predetermined feature may be independently determined as the target PDU, or may be determined together with other information (e.g., the information obtained from the higher layer 212 or the configuration information received from the second apparatus 120) , which is not limited in the present disclosure.
[0062] Based on the determination of the target PDU, the MAC layer 211 may allocate (280) the transmission resources among the plurality of LCHs. The transmission resources may be granted by the second apparatus 120. The resource allocation is based on the prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs without an associated target PDU. It is to be noted that there may be several first LCHs, each comprising respective determined target PDU (s) , that are prioritized over LCHs not having an associated target PDU. For simplicity of description, the process is explained from a point of view where one target PDU in the first LCH is determined.
[0063] The prioritization of the first LCH over those non-prioritized LCHs may be implemented in a variety of suitable manners. Some example embodiments in this aspect are now described.
[0064] In some example embodiments, the MAC layer 211 may first allocate transmission resources to the target PDU. After the allocation of the target PDU, if there are remaining resources, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the remaining resources to data PDUs associated with at least one of the plurality of LCHs. For example, the transmission resources may be allocated at least to the target PDU before allocating resources to data PDUs of the same LCH or other LCHs. The allocation of the remaining resources may be performed based on legacy LCP procedure.
[0065] In some example embodiments, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources according to a resource allocation quota of the first LCH. As shown in FIG. 2, the higher layer 212 may indicate (260) the MAC layer 211 of the resource allocation quota for the first LCH. The resource allocation quota indicated by the higher layer 212 may correspond to a size of the target PDU. In this case, the MAC layer 211 may not know the size of the target PDU, and the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources to the target PDU by consuming the resource allocation quota. In such example embodiments, the higher layer indicates the resource allocation quota to the MAC layer, and the MAC layer may just follow the indication from the higher layer to allocate the resources. Whether the allocated resource is used for the target PDU of the higher layer may not be determined or known by the MAC layer.
[0066] The resource allocation quota may refer to a metric or indicator representing an amount of resource. In some example embodiments, the resource allocation quota may include a token in a token-bucket algorithm and is maintained for each LCH to control the LCP procedure. In the following, the token may be used as an example of the resource allocation quota for describing the allocation of the transmission resources. For a LCH with an index j, the token may be represented by Bj.
[0067] In some example embodiments, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources to the target PDU until one of the following is met: that the resource allocation quota is exhausted, or the transmission resources are exhausted. Whichever of the above two conditions is met first, the resource allocation according to the resource allocation quota may be terminated. In other words, in this round of resource allocation, the MAC layer needs not to distinguish between upper-layer PDU types (such as data PDU, or control PDU) , and the higher layer may request tokens from the MAC layer (for example, equal to the size of control PDUs) . This round of resource allocation may run until tokens requested by the higher layer are exhausted, or the higher layer does not require any more tokens, or the transmission resources are exhausted.
[0068] In some example embodiments, the higher layer 212 may directly indicate (270) the MAC layer 211 of the PDU size, e.g., the size of the target PDU. In this case, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources to the target PDU according to the indicated size. In such example embodiment, in this round of resource allocation, the MAC layer 211 is aware of the size of the higher layer PDUs.
[0069] In some example embodiments, allocating resources to the target PDU in this round may consume the resource allocation quota for the first LCH. The resource allocation quota for the first LCH may be decreased until the target PDU is allocated with resources corresponding to the indicated size. For example, the MAC layer 211 may consume as many tokens as required for the target PDU.
[0070] Alternatively, in some example embodiments, allocating resources to the target PDU in this round may not consume the resource allocation quota for the first LCH. In other words, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the resources corresponding to the indicated size to the target PDU without consuming the resource allocation quota for the first LCH. For example, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the resources to the target PDU without decreasing the value of Bj for the first LCH.
[0071] To better understand the allocation of resources provided in these example embodiments an example is described now.
[0072] As an example, for a LCH j of the plurality of LCHs, its token is denoted as Bj, where j is a positive integer. Here, the LCH j is any LCH of the plurality of LCHs. When the LCH j is established, the value of Bj is 0. Then, for the LCH j, the MAC layer 211 increments Bj by the product PBR × T before the LCP procedure, where T is the time elapsed since Bj was last incremented and PBR is a configurable prioritized bit rate. Bj is not allowed to become larger than the bucket size PBR × BSD, where BSD is the configurable bucket-size duration.
[0073] For the LCH j with Bj>0, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources in a decreasing priority order. If the PBR of the LCH j is set to infinity, the MAC layer 211 may allocate transmission resources for all the data that is available for transmission on the LCH j before meeting the PBR of the lower priority LCHs. Then, the MAC layer 211 may subtract Bj from the total size of MAC SDUs served to LCH j above.
[0074] Prior to performing the LCP procedure, the first apparatus 110 may first determine or select which LCHs are eligible for resource allocation from the scheduling grant being processed based on configured mapping restrictions. Then, MAC in the first apparatus 110 starts the allocation of resources to the eligible LCHs.
[0075] Before the successful completion of the random access procedure initiated for Dual Active Protocol Stack (DAPS) handover, the target MAC entity shall not select the logical channel (s) corresponding to non-DAPS DRB (s) for the uplink grant received in a random access response or the uplink grant for the transmission of the MSGA payload. The source MAC entity shall select only the logical channel (s) corresponding to DAPS DRB(s) during DAPS handover.
[0076] The MAC entity shall, when a new transmission is performed:
[0077] 1>allocate resources to the logical channels as follows:
[0078] 2a> logical channels selected for the UL grant are allocated resources to transmit their control PDUs in a decreasing priority order;
[0079] 2b> logical channels selected for the UL grant with Bj > 0 are allocated resources in a decreasing priority order. If the PBR of a logical channel is set to infinity, the MAC entity shall allocate resources for all the data that is available for transmission on the logical channel before meeting the PBR of the lower priority logical channel (s) ;
[0080] 2c> decrement Bj by the total size of MAC SDUs served to logical channel j above;
[0081] 2d> if any resources remain, all the logical channels selected are served in a strict decreasing priority order (regardless of the value of Bj) until either the data for that logical channel or the UL grant is exhausted, whichever comes first. Logical channels configured with equal priority should be served equally.
[0082] In the above example, the step 2a is an example implementation of the above example embodiments where the resource allocation quota (for example, the token Bj) is not consumed. The step 2a may be considered as the zero round of resource allocation. The step 2b and step 2c may be considered as the first round of resource allocation. The step 2c may be considered as the second round of resource allocation. It is to be noted that in the above example, the priority order may refer to an order of respective priorities of the logical channels.
[0083] In some example embodiments, the target PDU may trigger LCH priority change, or the resource allocation quota change (e.g., an increase in the number of tokens) . In this case, the MAC layer 211 may allocate the transmission resources based on the changed LCH priority or the changed allocation quota.
[0084] As an example, for the first LCH, the priority of the first LCH may be increased, and then among the plurality of LCHs, the MAC layer 211 may prioritize allocating the transmission resources to the first LCH. In this example, the above first and second rounds of resource allocation may be impacted.
[0085] As a further example, for the first LCH, the resource allocation quota for the first LCH may be increased, and then among the plurality of LCHs, the MAC layer 211 may prioritize allocating the transmission resources to the first LCH. In this example, the above first round of resource allocation may be impacted.
[0086] Continuing with FIG. 2, after the resource allocation as described above, the first apparatus 110 may perform a transmission (290) to the second apparatus 120 based on the allocated transmission resources. The second apparatus 120 may receive the transmission comprising at least the target PDU. For example, the second apparatus 120 may receive the transmission comprising at least the target PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources from the MAC layer 211.
[0087] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling chart of a process 300 for logical channel prioritization according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the process 300 involves a gNB 310 and a UE 320. The UE 320 includes a MAC layer 321 and a higher layer 322. The process 300 may be considered as an example of the process 200. The gNB 310 may be an example of the second apparatus 120 illustrated in FIG. 1, and the UE 320 here may be an example of the first apparatus 110 illustrated in FIG. 1. In some example embodiments, the higher layer 322 refers to the layer higher than the MAC layer. As an example, the higher layer 322 may be a RLC layer, a PDCP layer, or a SDAP layer. In the example of FIG. 3, control PDUs are described as an example of the target PDUs.
[0088] The gNB 310 may transmit (340) control PDU configuration information to the UE 320. The control PDU configuration information may configure the UE 320 by indicating the type of control PDUs (i.e. the type of target PDU) that should be prioritized at the start of or before the LCP procedure. For example, the control PDU configuration information may indicate a configuration of high-priority PDUs per logical channel.
[0089] The gNB 310 may transmit uplink (UL) grant information to the UE 320. The UL grant information indicates transmission resources to be used by the UE 320. As an example, the UL grant information may specify a time interval (e.g., within a certain time slot or subframe) and a frequency range (e.g., a certain bandwidth) that the UE 320 may use. The MAC layer 321 may receive the uplink (UL) grant information from the second apparatus 320. For example, the UL grant information may indicate a size of a PDU scheduled for transmission.
[0090] The MAC layer 321 may further transmit (360) a PDU information query to the higher layer 322, requesting information about any possible control PDU (target PDU) . The higher layer 322 may transmit (365) the PDU information to the MAC layer 321. For example, the MAC layer 321 may receive from the higher layer mapped to at least one of the configured LCHs, at least one indication of a payload size required to transmit at least one target PDU of the higher layer.
[0091] Then, the LCP 370 may be performed at the MAC layer 321 based on the configuration information from the gNB 310. To this end, the UE 320 may first determine one or more control PDUs to be prioritized. In some example embodiments, at 375, the MAC layer 321 may start MAC-PDU content allocation by dedicating resources to one or more control PDUs. For example, the payload within the scheduled PDU may be allocated to the one or more control PDUs according to the PDU information from the higher layer 322.
[0092] Alternatively, optionally or in addition, at 380, respective LCH priorities of the LCHs associated with the one or more control PDUs may be changed, or respective tokens for those LCHs may be increased.
[0093] Then, at 385, resource allocation to all selected LCHs may be performed based on the changed LCH priorities and / or the increased tokens for the LCHs with the one or more control PDUs. For example, the above-mentioned first and second rounds of resource allocation are performed. Then, the UE may transmit (390) UL data based on the UL grant and the allocated transmission resources. For example, the scheduled PDU may be transmitted to the gNB 310.
[0094] FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of an example method 400 implemented at a first apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 400 will be described from the perspective of the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0095] At block 410, the first apparatus 110 determines a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first LCH of a plurality of logical channels. The target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer.
[0096] At block 420, the first apparatus 110 allocates transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU.
[0097] At block 430, the first apparatus 110 performs a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.
[0098] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes indicating, to the MAC layer by the layer higher than the MAC layer, a resource allocation quota for the first LCH, the resource allocation quota corresponding to a size of the target PDU; and allocating, by the MAC layer, the transmission resources to the target PDU by consuming the resource allocation quota.
[0099] In some example embodiments, the transmission resources are allocated to the target PDU until one of the following is met: that the resource allocation quota is exhausted or the transmission resources are exhausted.
[0100] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes indicating a size of the target PDU to the MAC layer by the layer higher than the MAC layer; and allocating, by the MAC layer, the transmission resources to the target PDU according to the indicated size.
[0101] In some example embodiments, a resource allocation quota for the first LCH is decreased until the target PDU is allocated with resources corresponding to the indicated size.
[0102] In some example embodiments, the target PDU is allocated with resources corresponding to the indicated size without a decrease in a resource allocation quota for the first LCH.
[0103] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: for the first LCH, increasing at least one of a priority of the first LCH or a resource allocation quota for the first LCH, based on determining the target PDU associated with the first LCH; and allocating the transmission resources among the plurality of LCHs based on the increased at least one of the priority or the resource allocation quota.
[0104] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: obtaining, by the MAC layer from at least one layer higher than the MAC layer, information about one or more PDUs to be transmitted; and determining, by the MAC layer, the target PDU from the one or more PDUs based on the obtained information.
[0105] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: receiving, from the second apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of PDUs for which resource allocation is to be prioritized; and determining, from the one or more PDUs, a PDU with the indicated type as the target PDU based on the obtained information and the configuration information.
[0106] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: determining, from the one or more PDUs, a PDU with a predetermined PDU type as the target PDU based on the obtained information.
[0107] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: in accordance with a determination that the first LCH is configured with a predetermined feature, determining a PDU associated with the first LCH as the target PDU.
[0108] In some example embodiments, the method 400 further includes: allocating at least a first resource of the transmission resources to the target PDU; and determining remaining resources of the transmission resources by excluding at least the first resource; and allocating the remaining resources to data PDUs associated with at least one of the plurality of LCHs.
[0109] FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of an example method 500 implemented at a second apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 500 will be described from the perspective of the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0110] At block 510, the second apparatus 120 transmits, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized.
[0111] At block 520, the second apparatus 120 grants, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus.
[0112] At block 530, the second apparatus 120 receives, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.
[0113] In some example embodiments, a first apparatus capable of performing any of the method 400 (for example, the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 400 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The first apparatus may be implemented as or included in the first apparatus 110 in FIG. 1.
[0114] In some example embodiments, a second apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1) may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 500 and / or any of the described one or more example embodiments thereof. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module. The second apparatus may be implemented as or included in the second apparatus 120 in FIG. 1.
[0115] FIG. 6 is a simplified block diagram of a device 600 that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 600 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the first apparatus 110 or the second apparatus 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 600 includes one or more processors 610, one or more memories 620 coupled to the processor 610, and one or more communication modules 640 coupled to the processor 610.
[0116] The communication module 640 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 640 has one or more communication interfaces to facilitate communication with one or more other modules or devices. The communication interfaces may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements. In some example embodiments, the communication module 640 may include at least one antenna.
[0117] The processor 610 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 600 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0118] The memory 620 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 624, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , an optical disk, a laser disk, and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random-access memory (RAM) 622 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0119] A computer program 630 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 610. The instructions of the program 630 may include instructions for performing operations / acts of some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The program 630 may be stored in the memory, e.g., the ROM 624. The processor 610 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 630 into the RAM 622.
[0120] The example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 630 so that the device 600 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5. The example embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0121] In some example embodiments, the program 630 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 600 (such as in the memory 620) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 600. The device 600 may load the program 630 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 622 for execution. In some example embodiments, the computer readable medium may include any types of non-transitory storage medium, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0122] FIG. 7 shows an example of the computer readable medium 700 which may be in form of CD, DVD or other optical storage disk. The computer readable medium 700 has the program 630 stored thereon.
[0123] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, and other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. Although various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0124] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a computer readable medium, such as a non-transitory computer readable medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target physical or virtual processor, to carry out any of the methods as described above. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0125] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. The program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0126] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program code or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0127] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0128] Further, although operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, although several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Unless explicitly stated, certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, unless explicitly stated, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in a plurality of embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0129] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first apparatus at least to:determine a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer;allocate transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU; andperform a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:indicate, to the MAC layer by the layer higher than the MAC layer, a resource allocation quota for the first LCH, the resource allocation quota corresponding to a size of the target PDU; andallocate, by the MAC layer, the transmission resources to the target PDU by consuming the resource allocation quota.3.The first apparatus of claim 2, wherein the transmission resources are allocated to the target PDU until one of the following is met: that the resource allocation quota is exhausted or the transmission resources are exhausted.4.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:indicate a size of the target PDU to the MAC layer by the layer higher than the MAC layer; andallocate, by the MAC layer, the transmission resources to the target PDU according to the indicated size.5.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein a resource allocation quota for the first LCH is decreased until the target PDU is allocated with resources corresponding to the indicated size.6.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein the target PDU is allocated with resources corresponding to the indicated size without a decrease in a resource allocation quota for the first LCH.7.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:for the first LCH, increase at least one of a priority of the first LCH or a resource allocation quota for the first LCH, based on determining the target PDU associated with the first LCH; andallocate the transmission resources among the plurality of LCHs based on the increased at least one of the priority or the resource allocation quota.8.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:obtain, by the MAC layer from at least one layer higher than the MAC layer, information about one or more PDUs to be transmitted; anddetermine, by the MAC layer, the target PDU from the one or more PDUs based on the obtained information.9.The first apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:receive, from the second apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of PDUs for which resource allocation is to be prioritized; anddetermine, from the one or more PDUs, a PDU with the indicated type as the target PDU based on the obtained information and the configuration information.10.The first apparatus of claim 8, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:determine, from the one or more PDUs, a PDU with a predetermined PDU type as the target PDU based on the obtained information.11.The first apparatus of any of claims 1 to 10, wherein the first apparatus is caused to:in accordance with a determination that the first LCH is configured with a predetermined feature, determine a PDU associated with the first LCH as the target PDU.12.The first apparatus of any of claim 1 to 11, wherein the target PDU comprises a control PDU and the first apparatus is caused to:allocate at least a first resource of the transmission resources to the target PDU; anddetermine remaining resources of the transmission resources by excluding at least the first resource; andallocate the remaining resources to data PDUs associated with at least one of the plurality of LCHs.13.A second apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second apparatus at least to:transmit, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized;grant, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus; andreceive, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.14.A method comprising:determining a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer.allocating transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU.performing a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.15.A method comprising:transmitting, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized.granting, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus.receiving, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.16.A first apparatus comprising:means for determining a target protocol data unit, PDU, associated with a first logical channel (LCH) of a plurality of logical channels, wherein the target PDU is from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer;means for allocating transmission resources among the plurality of logical channels based on prioritization of the first LCH over those LCHs of the plurality of LCHs that do not have an associated target PDU; andmeans for performing a transmission to a second apparatus based on the allocated transmission resources.17.A second apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, configuration information indicating a type of protocol data units, PDUs, from a layer higher than a medium access control, MAC, layer, for which resource allocation is to be prioritized;means for granting, to the first apparatus, transmission resources for a transmission from the first apparatus to the second apparatus; andmeans for receiving, from the first apparatus, the transmission comprising at least one PDU of the indicated type over the granted transmission resources.18.A computer readable medium comprising instructions stored thereon for causing an apparatus at least to perform the method of claim 14 or the method of claim 15.