Photovoltaic module

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and discloses a photovoltaic module, used to prevent short circuits, reduce manufacturing precision requirements of a conductive backsheet and layout precision requirements of a back-contact cell, and reduce the difficulty of manufacturing a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module comprises a conductive backsheet and a back-contact cell assembly. The conductive backsheet comprises a conductive circuit layer, and an insulating material layer located between the conductive circuit layer and the back-contact cell assembly. A plurality of conductive windows arranged in an array pass through the insulating material layer. The back-contact cell assembly comprises a plurality of back-contact cells arranged in an array. Current collection electrodes, interconnection structures, and insulating isolation structures are disposed on a back surface of each back-contact cell. Each interconnection structure is electrically connected to a current collection electrode having a same polarity as itself. Provided between at least one pair of current collection electrodes is an interconnection structure having a polarity opposite to that of the current collection electrodes. Each insulating isolation structure is arranged corresponding to an interconnection structure, and each insulating isolation structure covers adjacent regions of at least two current collection electrodes adjacent to the corresponding interconnection structure and having a polarity opposite to that of the interconnection structure.

Description

A photovoltaic module

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411595309.X, filed on November 8, 2024, entitled "A Photovoltaic Module", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0003] Back-contact solar cells are solar cells with no electrodes on the front and both positive and negative electrodes located on the back. This reduces the shading of the electrodes on the cells, increases the short-circuit current, and improves the energy conversion efficiency of the cells.

[0004] However, existing photovoltaic modules based on back-contact cells have high requirements for the manufacturing precision of the conductive backsheet and the layout precision of the back-contact cells, which makes the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules more difficult and reduces the yield.

[0005] Application content

[0006] The purpose of this application is to provide a photovoltaic module that, while preventing short circuits, reduces the requirements for the manufacturing precision of the conductive backsheet and the layout precision of the back contact cells, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of the photovoltaic module and improving its yield.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a conductive backsheet and a back contact cell array disposed on the conductive backsheet. The conductive backsheet includes a conductive wiring layer and an insulating material layer located between the conductive wiring layer and the back contact cell array. A plurality of conductive windows arranged in an array are disposed throughout the insulating material layer. The back contact cell array includes a plurality of back contact cells arranged in an array. Each back contact cell has a current collector electrode, an interconnect structure, and an insulating isolation structure disposed on its back side. Different current collector electrodes of opposite polarities included in the same back contact cell extend along a first direction and are alternately spaced along a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction. Each interconnect structure is electrically connected to a current collector electrode of the same polarity. The interconnect structure is disposed corresponding to the conductive window, and each interconnect structure is electrically connected to a portion of the conductive wiring layer exposed in the corresponding conductive window through the corresponding conductive window. At least some current collector electrodes of the same polarity are spaced apart along the first direction, and an interconnect structure of opposite polarity is disposed at the interval between at least one pair of adjacent current collector electrodes along the first direction. The insulating isolation structure is provided corresponding to the interconnection structure, and each insulating isolation structure covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two collector electrodes that are adjacent to the corresponding interconnection structure and have opposite polarities. Each insulating isolation structure includes multiple spaced insulating isolation parts, and the adjacent area is the adjacent area of ​​the interconnection structure with opposite polarity in the corresponding collector electrode.

[0008] With this configuration, the conductive backsheet can include a patterned conductor for its conductive circuit layer. Therefore, each interconnect structure of the different back contact cells is coupled to the portion of the conductive circuit layer exposed in the corresponding conductive window. This allows multiple back contact cell strings to be connected in parallel through the conductive circuit layer, and allows different back contact cells in each back contact cell string to be connected in series through the conductive circuit layer. This achieves electrical connection between different back contact cells in the back contact cell group, ensuring that the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic module meet the operating requirements.

[0009] The conductive backplate includes an insulating material layer, which is a film layer with insulating properties. This layer is disposed between the conductive backplate and the back contact battery pack, and has conductive windows for coupling. Based on this, the insulating material layer defines the coupling position between each interconnect structure of each back contact battery and the conductive line layer, allowing different back contact batteries in the back contact battery pack to be electrically connected through the patterned conductive line layer in a predetermined manner. It also prevents short circuits caused by interconnect structures of the same back contact battery and adjacent current collectors with opposite polarities connecting to the conductive line layer through the conductive windows. In this case, in addition to current collectors for collecting charge carriers, and interconnect structures for auxiliary current collection and interconnection, an insulating isolation structure is also provided on the back side of each back contact battery. Each insulating isolation structure covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two current collectors with opposite polarities adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure. Only current collectors with the same polarity adjacent to the interconnect structure are exposed outside the insulating isolation structure. Based on this, in the actual manufacturing process, even if the size of the conductive window is increased, there is a shift when the insulating material layer is covered on the conductive line layer, the conductive window shifts due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself, or a shift occurs when different back contact cells are arranged on the insulating material layer (at least one of the above four situations occurs), exposing the adjacent area of ​​the current collector electrode with opposite polarity adjacent to the interconnect structure, the exposed adjacent area with opposite polarity can be isolated from the part of the conductive window corresponding to the conductive line layer by the insulating isolation structure. This prevents short circuits, reduces the risk of leakage, and also reduces the requirements for the precision of opening the conductive window, the composite precision of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, and the arrangement precision of different back contact cells. This reduces the manufacturing difficulty of photovoltaic modules and improves the yield of photovoltaic modules. Furthermore, the insulating isolation structure covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two current collector electrodes that are adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and have opposite polarities, rather than covering the corresponding areas of all current collector electrodes with opposite polarities to the corresponding interconnect structure. Under the premise of preventing short circuits, it can save the amount of materials used for the insulating isolation structure, reduce the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules, and also reduce the warpage height of the battery body that forms the back contact battery after the insulating isolation structure is formed, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the back contact battery.

[0010] As one possible implementation, the spacing between two adjacent collector electrodes of the same polarity along the second direction is P. Specifically, at least one interconnect structure has a length along the second direction greater than P and less than 2P; and / or, at least one conductive window has a size greater than 2P and less than 6P.

[0011] This configuration, with the interconnect structure's length along the second direction within the aforementioned range, prevents the interconnect strength between the interconnect structure and the conductive line layer from being too small due to a small interconnect structure length. This ensures good contact between the back contact cell and the conductive line layer, improving the structural strength of the photovoltaic module while reducing transmission losses between them. Furthermore, it prevents the spacing between adjacent interconnect structures and adjacent conductive windows from being too small due to a large interconnect structure length. This reduces the difficulty of creating conductive windows within the insulating material layer, lowers the risk of leakage between adjacent interconnect structures with opposite polarities, and prevents excessive connection stress between the interconnect structure and the cell body of the back contact cell due to a large interconnect structure length, thus improving the yield of the back contact cell. Moreover, the conductive window size within the aforementioned range prevents the high requirements for the composite precision of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, as well as the layout precision of different back contact cells, due to an excessively small conductive window size. This further reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the photovoltaic module and ensures that the conductive window exposes all areas of the surface where the interconnect structure and the conductive line layer are interconnected, ensuring a large interconnect area between them. Secondly, it can also prevent the conductive window from being too large, which would increase the risk of leakage, and it can also help reduce the coverage of the insulation structure, further reducing the warpage height of the battery body that contacts the battery after the insulation structure is formed, thus reducing the risk of damage to the battery.

[0012] As one possible implementation, the distance between the above interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode ends with opposite polarity is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

[0013] This configuration, with the spacing between the interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode with opposite polarity within the aforementioned range, helps prevent a higher risk of leakage between the collector electrode and the adjacent interconnect structure due to a smaller spacing, thus improving the operating performance of the back-contact battery. Furthermore, it prevents a lower carrier collection capacity of the collector electrode due to a larger spacing, reducing the carrier recombination rate on the back-contact battery's back-side surface.

[0014] As one possible implementation, at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of a corresponding collector electrode adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure. Along the first direction, the ratio of the width of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.9.

[0015] With this configuration, it is understood that the width of the portion of at least one insulating isolation part covering a single end along the first direction directly affects the size of the conductive window and / or the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer. Specifically, under the premise of preventing short circuits, the larger the width of the portion of the insulating isolation part covering a single end, the greater the allowable increase in the size of the conductive window, the greater the allowable offset of the conductive window due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself, and the greater the allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact cell. Based on this, when the ratio of the width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window is within the above range, it is beneficial to prevent the portion of the insulating isolation structure covering a single end from being too small due to a small ratio, which would result in a small allowable increase in the size of the conductive window, a small allowable offset of the conductive window due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself, and a small allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact cell. This further reduces the requirements for the accuracy of opening the conductive window, the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, and the layout accuracy of different back contact cells, thereby reducing the manufacturing difficulty of photovoltaic modules; it can also prevent the size of the conductive window from being too large due to a small ratio. In addition, it can also prevent the insulation structure from covering a single end too wide due to a large ratio, which would lead to a large amount of insulation material used and a greater risk of warping of the battery body after the insulation structure is formed. This helps to save on the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules and reduce the risk of damage to the back contact battery. Furthermore, it can also prevent the conductive window from being too small due to a large ratio. The beneficial effects of preventing the conductive window from being too large or too small can be referred to the previous text, and will not be repeated here.

[0016] As one possible implementation, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8.

[0017] With this configuration, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction is within the aforementioned range, which prevents the conductive window from being too small due to a small ratio. Additionally, it also prevents the conductive window from being too large due to a large ratio. The beneficial effects of preventing the conductive window from being too large or too small can be found in the preceding text and will not be repeated here.

[0018] As one possible implementation, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the second direction is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10.

[0019] This configuration ensures that the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the spacing between two adjacent conductive windows along the second direction is within the aforementioned range. This helps prevent the conductive window from being too small due to a small ratio, which would result in an excessively small allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact battery along the second direction, further reducing the composite precision requirements of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout precision requirements of different back contact batteries. Furthermore, it also prevents the conductive window from being too large due to a large ratio, which would require the insulation structure to cover more current collectors with opposite polarities to prevent short circuits. This reduces the material consumption of the insulation structure, lowers the connection stress between the battery body and the insulation structure, and reduces the warpage height of the battery body.

[0020] As one possible implementation, along the second direction, the number of rows of collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 9.

[0021] With this configuration, the number of rows of current collector electrodes covered by the same insulating structure along the second direction is within the aforementioned range. This helps prevent the allowable offset of the conductive window and / or back contact battery along the second direction from being too small due to a small number of rows, and also prevents the allowable offset of the conductive window from being too small due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself. This would further reduce the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout accuracy requirements of different back contact batteries. In addition, it also prevents the coverage area of ​​the insulating structure from being too large due to a large number of rows, which helps to further reduce the amount of consumables used for the insulating structure, and reduce the connection stress between the battery body and the insulating structure, thereby reducing the warpage height of the battery body.

[0022] As one possible implementation, the aforementioned insulating isolation structure includes a plurality of insulating isolation groups spaced apart along a second direction. Each insulating isolation group covers the adjacent region of a single collector electrode that is adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and has opposite polarity. Each insulating isolation group includes at least one insulating isolation portion. The number of insulating isolation groups exposed by the conductive window is greater than the number of insulating isolation groups not exposed along at least one side of the same conductive window along the second direction.

[0023] With this configuration, current collectors with opposite polarities are alternately spaced along the second direction. Based on this, when the insulating isolation structure includes multiple insulating isolation groups spaced along the second direction, current collectors adjacent to the interconnect structure and with the same polarity can be exposed outside the insulating isolation structure. This does not increase the risk of leakage and reduces the coverage area of ​​the insulating isolation structure on the battery body, thus reducing the material consumption of the insulating isolation structure and the connection stress between the insulating isolation structure and the battery body. Furthermore, when the number of insulating isolation groups exposed by the conductive window is greater than the number of insulating isolation groups not exposed on at least one side of the same conductive window along the second direction, the number of insulating isolation groups not exposed outside the conductive window is smaller (this part serves as a backup for short circuit prevention), and most of the insulating isolation groups provide substantial short circuit prevention. Therefore, while preventing short circuits, within the limits of process precision, the number of insulating isolation groups corresponding to a single conductive window is minimized, further reducing the coverage area of ​​the insulating isolation structure on the battery body.

[0024] As one possible implementation, at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of the current collector electrode adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and of opposite polarity. Along the first direction, the width of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering a single end is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm. The beneficial effect in this case can be referenced to the previously described principle that the ratio of the width of the portion of at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end along the first direction to the size of the corresponding conductive window is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.9, and will not be repeated here.

[0025] As one possible implementation, at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of at least one current collector electrode adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and of opposite polarity. The insulating isolation portion extends 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm from the edge of the end along a first direction.

[0026] With this configuration, the distance by which at least one insulating isolation portion extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the end is within the aforementioned range. This helps prevent poor insulation characteristics of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering the end of the current collector electrode with opposite polarity due to a small distance, further reducing the risk of leakage. Additionally, it also prevents excessive material consumption for the insulating isolation structure and excessive connection stress between the insulating isolation structure and the battery body due to a large distance, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules while improving the yield of back contact cells.

[0027] As one possible implementation, a connection electrode is further provided on the back side of the aforementioned back-contact battery. The connection electrode is electrically connected to at least one interconnect structure and extends along a second direction. The connection electrode is electrically connected to at least a portion of the current collector electrodes with the same polarity as itself, and a connection electrode with the opposite polarity is provided at the interval between at least one pair of adjacent current collector electrodes along the first direction. In this case, it is advantageous to reduce the transport loss of charge carriers on the current collector electrodes and reduce the risk that charge carriers will be difficult to discharge after the current collector electrodes are disconnected.

[0028] As one possible implementation, among the collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure, the collector electrode where the extension line intersects the interconnect structure is a first type of collector electrode, and the collector electrode where the extension line intersects the connecting electrode is a second type of collector electrode. Furthermore, the distance extended along the first direction from the edge of the insulating isolation structure relative to the end of the first type of collector electrode is greater than the distance extended along the first direction from the edge of the same insulating isolation structure relative to the end of the second type of collector electrode.

[0029] With this configuration, it's understandable that, among the current collector electrodes covered by the same insulating structure, the straight-line distance between the end of the first type of current collector electrode and its adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity is smaller than that between the end of the second type of current collector electrode and its adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity. Furthermore, since the back contact battery is electrically coupled to the conductive line layer through the interconnect structure, the end of the first type of current collector electrode, with its smaller distance from the adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity compared to the second type of current collector electrode, has a higher risk of leakage. Therefore, setting the distance along the first direction from the edge of the insulating structure relative to the end of the first type of current collector electrode to be greater than the distance along the first direction from the edge of the same insulating structure relative to the end of the second type of current collector electrode can enhance the insulation characteristics of the insulating structure covering the end of the first type of current collector electrode, reduce the risk of leakage at the end of the first type of current collector electrode, and improve the electrical performance of the back contact battery. In addition, the distance that the edge of the second type of current collector electrode, which has a lower risk of leakage, extends along the first direction is smaller. Under the premise of reducing the risk of leakage, the amount of materials used for the insulation structure can be reduced, thereby reducing costs and helping to reduce the warpage height of the battery body of the back contact battery and improve the yield of the back contact battery.

[0030] As one possible implementation, among the collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure, the collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect with the interconnect structure are classified as first-type collector electrodes, and the collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect with the connecting electrodes are classified as second-type collector electrodes. Along the first direction, the width of the connecting electrode is smaller than the width of the interconnect structure. The width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure covering the second-type collector electrodes is greater than the width of the portion of the same insulating isolation structure covering the first-type collector electrodes.

[0031] To reduce the risk of leakage, the end of the current collector electrode needs to be at a certain distance from the interconnect structure and the connecting electrode, which have opposite polarity. Therefore, to reduce the difficulty of electrode structure design and manufacturing, the aforementioned leakage suppression distances are approximately the same. In this case, with a fixed conductive window size, when the width of the connecting electrode is smaller than the width of the interconnect structure along the first direction, the exposed length of the second type of current collector electrode, whose extension line intersects the interconnect structure, is larger than that of the first type of current collector electrode. Therefore, setting the width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure covering the second type of current collector electrode to be greater than the width of the portion of the same insulating isolation structure covering the first type of current collector electrode can further reduce the risk of leakage. Simultaneously, it facilitates increasing the allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact battery along the second direction, further reducing the composite precision requirements of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout precision requirements of different back contact batteries.

[0032] As one possible implementation, all current collectors disposed on the back side of the same back-contact battery are third-type current collectors. Along the first direction, multiple third-type current collectors with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed among the corresponding current collectors in the same row. Furthermore, an insulating isolation structure covers the ends of the third-type current collectors adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarity.

[0033] As one possible implementation, all current collectors disposed on the back side of the same back contact battery include third-type current collectors and fourth-type current collectors. Along a first direction, multiple third-type current collectors with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed among corresponding current collectors in the same row. Along the first direction, only a single fourth-type current collector is distributed among corresponding current collectors in the same row. Current collectors whose extending direction intersects with interconnect structures with opposite polarity are third-type current collectors. At least a portion of current collectors whose extending direction does not intersect with interconnect structures are fourth-type current collectors. At least one insulating isolation structure covers the end of the third-type current collector adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarity, and covers the adjacent area of ​​the fourth-type current collector adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarity. In this case, the dead area ratio of the back contact battery can be reduced, ensuring that the current collectors have high carrier collection efficiency and improving the operating performance of the back contact battery.

[0034] As one possible implementation, the size of at least one conductive window is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 3.8 mm. In this case, it is possible to prevent the size of the conductive window from being too large or too small, and the beneficial effects of preventing the size of the conductive window from being too large or too small can be referred to the previous text, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of a back contact battery in the related technology;

[0037] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the insulating material layer provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application.

[0040] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application.

[0041] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application.

[0042] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application;

[0043] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application.

[0044] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in this embodiment of the application;

[0045] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the current collector electrode, interconnect structure and conductive window on the back side of the back contact battery in an embodiment of this application.

[0046] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the morphology of a conductive window provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Reference numerals: 11 is the insulating material layer, 12 is the conductive window, 13 is the back contact battery, 14 is the current collector electrode, 15 is the interconnection structure, 16 is the insulating isolation structure, and 17 is the connecting electrode. Specific Implementation

[0048] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The accompanying drawings illustrate various structural schematics according to embodiments of this application. These drawings are not to scale, and some details have been enlarged for clarity, while others may have been omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the drawings, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate from reality due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed. Unless there are technical obstacles or contradictions, the various technical features disclosed in this application can be freely combined to form other embodiments, all of which are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0050] In the context of this application, when a layer / element is referred to as being "on top of" another layer / element, the layer / element can be directly on top of the other layer / element, or there can be an intermediate layer / element between them. Furthermore, if a layer / element is "on top of" another layer / element in one orientation, then when the orientation is reversed, the layer / element can be "below" the other layer / element. To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0051] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0052] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0053] Solar cells are increasingly widely used as a new energy alternative. Photovoltaic solar cells, in particular, are devices that convert sunlight into electrical energy. Specifically, solar cells utilize the photovoltaic principle to generate charge carriers, which are then extracted using electrodes, facilitating the efficient use of electrical energy. When both the positive and negative electrodes of a solar cell are located on the back side of the cell, it is called a back-contact cell. Because the front side of a back-contact cell is not obstructed by metal electrodes, it exhibits a higher short-circuit current (Isc), making it one of the current technological directions for achieving high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells.

[0054] In practical applications, multiple back-contact cells are typically connected in series to form a back-contact cell string, increasing the output voltage of the photovoltaic module. Multiple back-contact cell strings are then connected in parallel to increase the output current, ensuring the photovoltaic module's output power meets operational requirements. Specifically, the photovoltaic module comprises, from bottom to top, a conductive circuit layer, an insulating material layer, a back-contact cell array layer, an encapsulation material layer, and a transparent cover layer, stacked sequentially. The back-contact cell array layer includes multiple back-contact cell strings extending along a first direction and spaced apart along a second direction. Each back-contact cell string includes multiple back-contact cells spaced apart along the first direction. Different back-contact cell strings are connected in parallel through the conductive circuit layer, and different back-contact cells within the same back-contact cell string are connected in series through the conductive circuit layer. The insulating material layer isolates the back-contact cell array layer from the conductive circuit layer to prevent short circuits. Furthermore, the insulating material layer contains multiple through-hole conductive windows to facilitate coupling between the back-contact cell array layer and the conductive circuit layer.

[0055] To effectively collect the charge carriers generated by the back contact cells, the minimum spacing between the positive and negative electrodes of each back contact cell is typically small. This results in the positive and negative current collectors being tightly arranged around the coupling point between each back contact cell and the conductive line layer. To prevent short circuits caused by the positive and negative current collectors connecting to the conductive line layer through the conductive windows in the insulating material layer, the size of the conductive windows within the insulating material layer is limited. Furthermore, the insulating material typically has a certain degree of elasticity, which can cause the conductive windows within the insulating material layer to misalign with the interconnect structure. Excessive misalignment can lead to electrical transmission obstacles. In this situation, as shown in Figure 1, the high precision requirements for the composite of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, as well as the high precision requirements for the arrangement of the back contact cells, make the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules quite difficult. If there is a relative offset between the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, and / or, the distribution position of different back contact cells 13 on the conductive back plate is offset, and / or, the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself causes the conductive window to shift, then the conductive window 12 set in the insulating material layer will not only expose the interconnect structure 15 of the same polarity, but also expose the collector electrode 14 of opposite polarity due to the offset, which will greatly increase the risk of short circuit and reduce the yield of photovoltaic module.

[0056] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module includes a conductive backsheet and a back-contact battery pack disposed on the conductive backsheet. The conductive backsheet includes a conductive wiring layer and an insulating material layer located between the conductive wiring layer and the back-contact battery pack. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, a plurality of conductive windows 12 arranged in an array are provided through the insulating material layer 11. The back-contact battery pack includes a plurality of back-contact batteries 13 arranged in an array. Each back-contact battery 13 has a current collector electrode 14, an interconnect structure 15, and an insulating isolation structure 16 disposed on its back side. Different current collector electrodes 14 with opposite polarities included in the same back-contact battery 13 extend along a first direction and are alternately spaced along a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction. Each interconnect structure 15 is electrically connected to a current collector electrode 14 with the same polarity. The interconnect structure 15 is correspondingly disposed with the conductive window 12, and each interconnect structure 15 is electrically connected to the portion of the conductive wiring layer exposed in the corresponding conductive window 12 through the corresponding conductive window 12. At least some collector electrodes 14 of the same polarity are spaced apart along a first direction, and at least one pair of adjacent collector electrodes 14 along the first direction are provided with interconnection structures 15 of opposite polarity. Insulating isolation structures 16 are provided corresponding to the interconnection structures 15, and each insulating isolation structure 16 covers the adjacent region of at least two collector electrodes 14 adjacent to the corresponding interconnection structure 15 and of opposite polarity. Each insulating isolation structure 16 includes a plurality of spaced insulating isolation portions, and the adjacent region is the region adjacent to the interconnection structure 15 of the corresponding collector electrode 14 that has the opposite polarity.

[0057] The conductive backsheet includes a conductive circuit layer that can be a patterned conductor. Therefore, each interconnect structure of different back contact cells is coupled to a portion of the conductive circuit layer exposed through a corresponding conductive window. This allows multiple back contact cell strings to be connected in parallel through the conductive circuit layer, and different back contact cells within each back contact cell string to be connected in series through the conductive circuit layer. This achieves electrical connection between different back contact cells in the back contact cell array, ensuring that the output voltage and output current of the photovoltaic module meet operational requirements. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the insulating material layer 11 of the conductive backsheet is a film layer with insulating properties, disposed between the conductive backsheet and the back contact cell array, and has conductive windows 12 for coupling. Based on this, the insulating material layer 11 is used to define the coupling positions of each interconnect structure 15 included in each back contact cell 13 with the conductive line layer, so that different back contact cells 13 in the back contact cell group can be electrically connected through the patterned conductive line layer in a preset manner. It can also prevent short circuits from occurring when the interconnect structure 15 included in the same back contact cell 13 and the adjacent current collector electrode 14 with opposite polarity are connected to the conductive line layer through the conductive window 12, so that the photovoltaic module has high electrical reliability. In the above case, in addition to the current collector electrode 14 for collecting charge carriers and the interconnect structure 15 for auxiliary current collection and interconnection, an insulating isolation structure 16 is also provided on the back side of each back contact cell 13. Each insulating isolation structure 16 covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two current collector electrodes 14 with opposite polarity adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15. At this time, only the current collector electrode 14 with the same polarity adjacent to the interconnect structure 15 is exposed outside the insulating isolation structure 16. Based on this, in the actual manufacturing process, even if the size of the conductive window 12 is increased, there is a shift when the insulating material layer 11 is covered on the conductive line layer, the conductive window shifts due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer 11 itself, or a shift occurs when different back contact cells 13 are arranged on the insulating material layer 11 (at least one of the above four situations occurs), exposing the adjacent area of ​​the current collector electrode 14 with opposite polarity adjacent to the interconnect structure 15, the exposed adjacent area with opposite polarity can be isolated from the part of the conductive window 12 corresponding to the conductive line layer by the insulating isolation structure 16. This prevents short circuits, reduces the risk of leakage, and also reduces the requirements for the accuracy of opening the conductive window 12, the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer 11 and the conductive line layer, and the arrangement accuracy of different back contact cells 13. This reduces the manufacturing difficulty of photovoltaic modules and improves the yield of photovoltaic modules.Furthermore, the insulating isolation structure 16 covers the adjacent areas of at least two current collector electrodes 14 that are adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and have opposite polarities, rather than covering the corresponding areas of all current collector electrodes 14 that have opposite polarities to the corresponding interconnect structure 15. Under the premise of preventing short circuits, the amount of consumables used for the insulating isolation structure 16 can be saved, the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules can be reduced, and the warpage height of the battery body that forms the back contact battery 13 after the insulating isolation structure 16 is formed can be reduced, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the back contact battery 13.

[0058] In practical applications, for the aforementioned back-contact battery packs, connecting different back-contact batteries in series within the same back-contact battery string can increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, connecting different back-contact battery strings in parallel can increase the output current of the photovoltaic module. Based on this, the number of back-contact battery strings in the back-contact battery pack, and the number of back-contact batteries in each back-contact battery string, can be determined according to the required output voltage and current of the photovoltaic module in the actual application scenario. As for the extension direction of the back-contact battery strings (i.e., the second direction) and the distribution direction of the different back-contact battery strings (i.e., the first direction), these can be set according to the distribution of the positive and negative electrodes of the back-contact batteries and actual needs, and are not specifically limited here.

[0059] Structurally, this application does not specifically limit the structure of the back-contact battery; any solar cell with both the positive and negative electrodes located on the back side is acceptable. For example, a back-contact battery may include a semiconductor substrate, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. The back side of the semiconductor substrate has alternately distributed N-type and P-type regions. Both the positive and negative electrodes are formed on the back side of the semiconductor substrate, with the positive electrode forming an ohmic contact with the P-type region and the negative electrode forming an ohmic contact with the N-type region.

[0060] Regarding the positive and negative electrodes included in the aforementioned back contact battery, their specific structures can be determined according to the battery type. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the aforementioned back contact battery 13 can be a gridless back contact battery. In this case, in the gridless back contact battery, the current collector electrodes 14 included in the positive and negative electrodes extend along a first direction and are alternately spaced along a second direction. In this case, all current collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes can be third-type current collector electrodes, and along the first direction, multiple third-type current collector electrodes with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed in the same row of current collector electrodes. At least one pair of third-type current collector electrodes is provided with an interconnection structure with opposite polarity, and the interconnection structure is electrically connected to a third-type current collector electrode with the same polarity. Alternatively, among all the current collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes, some current collector electrodes are third-type current collector electrodes, and the remaining current collector electrodes are fourth-type current collector electrodes; along the first direction, multiple third-type current collector electrodes with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed in the same row of current collector electrodes. At least one pair of third-type collector electrodes is provided with an interconnect structure having the opposite polarity to its own. Along the first direction, only a single fourth-type collector electrode is distributed among the collector electrodes located in the same row. The interconnect structure is electrically connected to at least one third-type collector electrode having the same polarity as itself.

[0061] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3, the back contact battery 13 can also be a back contact battery with a main grid. In this case, both the positive and negative electrodes of the back contact battery 13 include multiple bus electrodes and multiple current collector electrodes 14. In each back contact battery 13, the bus electrodes of both the positive and negative electrodes extend along a second direction and are alternately spaced along a first direction. Each bus electrode is connected to a current collector electrode 14 with the same polarity. The current collector electrodes 14 of both the positive and negative electrodes extend along the first direction and are alternately spaced along the second direction. Each current collector electrode 14 is electrically insulated from the bus electrode with the opposite polarity. Specifically, in the case of a back-contact battery with a main grid, all current collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes can be third-type current collector electrodes. Along the first direction, multiple third-type current collector electrodes with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed among the current collector electrodes in the same row. At least one pair of third-type current collector electrodes is provided with an interconnection structure 15 with opposite polarity. The interconnection structure 15 is electrically connected to the third-type current collector electrode with the same polarity. Alternatively, among all current collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes, only some current collector electrodes can be third-type current collector electrodes, and the remaining current collector electrodes can be fourth-type current collector electrodes (the specific structures of the third-type and fourth-type current collector electrodes can be referred to above, and will not be repeated here). Furthermore, among all current collector electrodes, at least the current collector electrode whose extension line intersects with the interconnection structure 15 with opposite polarity is a third-type current collector electrode. The remaining fourth-type current collector electrodes and the current collector electrode with opposite polarity can be electrically insulated from each other by insulating materials such as insulating glue. Furthermore, all the current collectors included in the positive and negative electrodes can be first-type current collectors. Along the second direction, only a single first-type current collector is distributed among the current collectors in the same column, and this single current collector is electrically connected to all current collectors with the same polarity. Alternatively, if some of the current collectors included in the positive and negative electrodes are fourth-type current collectors, all of the current collectors included in the positive and negative electrodes can be second-type current collectors. Along the second direction, multiple second-type current collectors are distributed at intervals in the same column. These fourth-type current collectors are separated by the interval between two adjacent second-type current collectors along the second direction and by second-type current collectors with opposite polarity. Alternatively, only some current collectors can be first-type current collectors, and the remaining current collectors can be second-type current collectors. In this case, the fourth-type current collectors can be isolated from first-type current collectors with opposite polarity by insulating material, and also separated from second-type current collectors with opposite polarity by the interval between two adjacent second-type current collectors along the second direction.

[0062] It should be noted that when the back contact battery is a back contact battery with a main grid, the interconnect structure can be considered as part of the bus electrode. Along the first direction, the width of the interconnect structure can be the same as the width of the bus electrode, or the width of the interconnect structure can be greater than the width of the bus electrode. Furthermore, the widths of different regions of the bus electrode along the second direction can be the same or different. Of course, the interconnect structure can also be a structure separately disposed on the bus electrode or disposed on one side of the bus electrode along the first direction, used to achieve interconnection. In this case, the interconnect structure is not part of the bus electrode, and the length of the interconnect structure along the second direction can be set according to actual needs; no specific limitation is made here.

[0063] For example, when the spacing between two adjacent current collector electrodes of the same polarity is P along the second direction, the length of at least one interconnect structure along the second direction can be greater than P and less than 2P. For example, the length of at least one interconnect structure along the second direction can be 1.1P, 1.2P, 1.3P, 1.4P, 1.5P, 1.6P, 1.7P, 1.8P, or 1.9P. In this case, the length of the interconnect structure along the second direction is within the above range, which can prevent the interconnect area between the interconnect structure and the conductive line layer from being too small due to the small length of the interconnect structure, thus preventing low interconnect strength between the two. This ensures good contact between the back contact cell and the conductive line layer, improves the structural strength of the photovoltaic module, and reduces the transmission loss between the back contact cell and the conductive line layer. In addition, it can prevent the spacing between adjacent interconnect structures and the spacing between adjacent conductive windows from being too small due to the large length of the interconnect structure, reduce the difficulty of opening conductive windows in the insulating material layer, reduce the risk of leakage between adjacent interconnect structures with opposite polarities, and at the same time prevent the connection stress between the interconnect structure and the battery body of the back contact battery from being too large due to the large length of the interconnect structure, thereby improving the yield of the back contact battery.

[0064] Furthermore, the positive electrode includes a current collector with the opposite polarity to the negative electrode (or a bus electrode included in the negative electrode), and has the same polarity as the other current collector (or a bus electrode included in the positive electrode). Similarly, the positive electrode includes a bus electrode with the opposite polarity to the negative electrode (or a bus electrode included in the negative electrode), and has the same polarity as the other bus electrode (or a current collector included in the positive electrode). The corresponding cases of electrodes with the same or opposite polarities to the current collector and bus electrodes included in the negative electrode can be referred to the previous text and will not be repeated here.

[0065] Furthermore, when the back contact cell is a gridless back contact cell, the number and shape of the current collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes, and the spacing between the current collector electrodes included in the positive electrode and the current collector electrodes included in the adjacent negative electrode along the second direction; when the back contact cell is a grid-supported back contact cell, the number and shape of the current collector electrodes and bus electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes, the spacing between the current collector electrodes included in the positive electrode and the current collector electrodes included in the adjacent negative electrode along the second direction, and the spacing between the bus electrodes included in the positive electrode and the bus electrodes included in the adjacent negative electrode along the first direction; as well as the spacing between the ends of the current collector electrodes and the adjacent interconnect structures with opposite polarity, can be determined according to the requirements for carrier collection and leakage prevention in the actual application scenario, as long as it can be applied to the photovoltaic modules provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0066] For example, the distance between the interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode end with opposite polarity can be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm. For instance, the distance between the interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode end with opposite polarity can be 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.4 mm, or 1.5 mm, etc. In this case, the distance between the interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode end with opposite polarity is within the above range, which helps to prevent a higher risk of leakage between the collector electrode and the adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity due to a small distance, thus improving the operating performance of the back contact battery. Furthermore, it can also prevent a lower carrier collection capacity of the collector electrode due to a large distance, reducing the carrier recombination rate on the back side of the back contact battery.

[0067] In one example, as shown in Figures 3 to 5, a connection electrode 17 may be provided on the back side of the aforementioned back contact battery 13. The connection electrode 17 is electrically connected to at least one interconnect structure 15 and extends along a second direction. The connection electrode 17 is electrically connected to at least a portion of the current collector electrodes 14 with the same polarity as itself, and a connection electrode 17 with the opposite polarity is provided at the interval between at least one pair of adjacent current collector electrodes 14 along the first direction. In this case, it is advantageous to reduce the transport loss of charge carriers on the current collector electrodes 14 and reduce the risk that charge carriers are difficult to discharge after the current collector electrodes 14 are disconnected.

[0068] The specific structure of the aforementioned connecting electrodes can be determined based on the specific structures of the positive and negative electrodes of the back contact battery, and is not specifically limited here.

[0069] For example, as shown in Figure 5, when the back contact battery 13 is a gridless back contact battery, the connecting electrode 17 can be an electrode segment that is electrically connected only to a portion of the current collector electrode 14 with the same polarity as itself, and serves as an auxiliary current collector. In this case, the length of a single connecting electrode 17 along the second direction and the position of the connecting electrode 17 on the back side can be set according to actual needs. For example, the back contact battery may include only two sets of connecting electrodes 17, each set of connecting electrodes 17 including multiple connecting electrodes 17 spaced apart along the first direction and located only on the side of the edge interconnect structure 15 (the outermost interconnect structure 15 along the second direction) near the edge of the battery.

[0070] For example, as shown in Figure 3, when the back contact battery 13 is a back contact battery with a main grid, the connecting electrode 17 can be a bus electrode that functions as a current collector. In this case, the number, distribution, and morphology of the connecting electrodes 17 can be referred to the number, distribution, and morphology of the bus electrodes described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0071] For the aforementioned insulating isolation structure, the insulating isolation structure covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two collector electrodes with opposite polarities that are adjacent to the interconnect structure. As shown in Figures 3 to 5, the collector electrodes 14 with opposite polarities are alternately distributed along the second direction. Therefore, when each insulating isolation structure 16 covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two collector electrodes 14 with opposite polarities that are adjacent to the same corresponding interconnect structure 15, at least a portion of the opposite collector electrode 14 located between the at least two collector electrodes 14 with opposite polarities that are adjacent to the same corresponding interconnect structure 15 is exposed outside the insulating isolation structure 16. At this time, the same insulating isolation structure 16 is spaced apart along the second direction to reduce the amount of consumables used for the insulating isolation structure 16.

[0072] Secondly, the same insulating isolation structure refers to different insulating isolation portions adjacent to the same conductive window belonging to the same insulating isolation structure. Alternatively, when the back contact battery only includes an interconnect structure and does not include the aforementioned connecting electrode (or bus electrode), the same insulating isolation structure refers to different insulating isolation portions disposed around the same interconnect structure belonging to the same insulating isolation structure. Or, when the back contact battery includes an interconnect structure and connecting electrodes (or bus electrodes), the same insulating isolation structure refers to different insulating isolation portions disposed around the same interconnect structure and the connecting electrode electrically connected to that interconnect structure belonging to the same insulating isolation structure.

[0073] Furthermore, when the different collector electrodes included in the positive and negative electrodes have different distributions along the first direction, the adjacent regions of the collector electrodes adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarities have different delineation criteria. Accordingly, the coverage criteria of the insulating isolation structure on the collector electrodes adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarities may be different.

[0074] For example, as shown in FIG3, when all the current collectors 14 disposed on the back side of the same back contact battery 13 are third type current collectors, the insulating isolation structure 16 covers the end of the third type current collector that is adjacent to the corresponding interconnection structure 15 and has opposite polarity.

[0075] For example, as shown in FIG5, when all the current collectors 14 disposed on the back side of the same back contact battery 13 include third-type current collectors (current collectors 14 whose extending direction intersects the interconnect structure 15 with opposite polarity) and fourth-type current collectors (at least a portion of current collectors 14 whose extending direction does not intersect the interconnect structure 15 are fourth-type current collectors), at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of the third-type current collector adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity, and covers the adjacent area of ​​the fourth-type current collector adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity. In this case, the dead area ratio of the back contact battery 13 can be reduced, ensuring that the current collectors 14 have a higher carrier collection efficiency and improving the operating performance of the back contact battery 13. The criteria for determining the adjacent area of ​​the fourth type of current collector electrode that is adjacent to the interconnection structure 15 and has opposite polarity can be determined based on the requirements for leakage prevention in actual application scenarios, as well as the opening accuracy of the conductive window 12, the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, and the layout accuracy requirements of different back contact batteries 13. No specific limitations are made here.

[0076] Furthermore, as shown in Figures 4 and 6, it is understood that, along the first direction, the coverage of the insulating isolation structure 16 on the current collector electrode 14 adjacent to the interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity directly affects the size of the conductive window 12 along the first direction and / or the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer along the first direction. Specifically, under the premise of preventing short circuits, the larger the width of the insulating isolation structure 16 along the first direction, the greater the allowable increase in the size of the conductive window 12 along the first direction, the greater the allowable offset of the conductive window 12 due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer 11, and the greater the allowable offset of the conductive window 12 and / or the back contact battery 13 along the first direction. Similarly, along the second direction, the number of current collector electrodes 14 covered by the insulating isolation structure 16 directly affects the size of the conductive window 12 along the second direction and / or the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer along the second direction. Based on this, the size of the insulating isolation structure 16 and the number of current collector electrodes 14 covered by the insulating isolation structure 16 can be determined according to the accuracy of opening the conductive window 12 in the actual application scenario, the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, the layout accuracy of different back contact batteries 13, and the actual requirements. No specific limitations are made here.

[0077] For example, when at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of a corresponding current collector electrode adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure, the ratio of the width of the portion of the at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window along the first direction can be greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.9. For example, the ratio of the width of the portion of the at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window can be 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9, etc. In this case, the ratio of the width of the portion of the insulating isolation part covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window is within the aforementioned range. This helps prevent the allowable increase in the size of the conductive window and the allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact cell from being too small due to a small ratio. This further reduces the requirements for the precision of opening the conductive window, the composite precision of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, and the layout precision of different back contact cells, thus reducing the manufacturing difficulty of photovoltaic modules. It also prevents the conductive window from being too large due to a small ratio. In addition, it also prevents the insulating isolation part covering a single end from being too wide due to a large ratio, which would result in a large amount of material used for the insulating isolation structure and a greater risk of warping of the cell body after the insulating isolation structure is formed. This helps save on the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules and reduces the risk of damage to the back contact cell. Furthermore, it also prevents the conductive window from being too small due to a large ratio. The beneficial effects of preventing the conductive window from being too large or too small can be referred to above and will not be repeated here.

[0078] For example, when at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of a corresponding current collector electrode adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure, the width of the portion of the at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end along the first direction can be greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm. For example, the width of the portion of the at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end can be 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1 mm, 1.1 mm, or 1.2 mm, etc. The application principle of the beneficial effect in this case can refer to the application principle of the beneficial effect described above, where the ratio of the width of the portion of the at least one insulating isolation portion covering a single end along the first direction to the size of the corresponding conductive window is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.9, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] Furthermore, in practical applications, the widths along the first direction of the portions of the same insulating isolation structure covering different rows of collector electrodes can be the same or different. The relationship between the widths of the portions of the same insulating isolation structure covering different rows of collector electrodes can be determined based on the morphology of the different collector electrodes and the spacing between the different collector electrodes and adjacent interconnect structures with opposite polarities; no specific limitations are made here.

[0080] For example, as shown in FIG7, among the collector electrodes 14 covered by the same insulating isolation structure 16, the collector electrode 14 whose extension line intersects with the interconnect structure 15 is a first type of collector electrode, and the collector electrode 14 whose extension line intersects with the connecting electrode 17 is a second type of collector electrode. Along the first direction, the width of the connecting electrode 17 is smaller than the width of the interconnect structure 15. Based on this, the width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure 16 covering the second type of collector electrode can be greater than the width of the portion of the same insulating isolation structure 16 covering the first type of collector electrode. In this case, to reduce the risk of leakage, the end of the collector electrode 14 needs to have a certain distance from the interconnect structure 15 and the connecting electrode 17, which have opposite polarities. Based on this, to reduce the difficulty of electrode structure design and manufacturing, the aforementioned leakage suppression distances are approximately the same. In this case, with the size of the conductive window 12 fixed, when the width of the connecting electrode 17 along the first direction is less than the width of the interconnect structure 15, the exposed length of the second type of current collector corresponding to the extension line intersecting the connecting electrode 17 is larger than that of the first type of current collector electrode where the extension line intersects the interconnect structure 15. Therefore, setting the width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure 16 covering the second type of current collector electrode to be greater than the width of the portion of the same insulating isolation structure 16 covering the first type of current collector electrode can further reduce the risk of leakage. Simultaneously, it facilitates increasing the allowable offset of the conductive window 12 and / or the back contact cell 13 along the second direction, further reducing the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive line layer, as well as the layout accuracy requirements of different back contact cells 13. Specifically, in this case, the width difference of the portion of the insulating isolation structure 16 on the first type of current collector electrode and the second type of current collector electrode can be determined based on the width difference between the interconnect structure 15 and the connecting electrode 17, the spacing between the two types of current collector electrodes and the interconnect structure 15, and the manufacturing errors and offsets of the photovoltaic module; no specific limitations are made here.

[0081] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, when at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of the corresponding collector electrode 14 adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity, the edge of the insulating isolation portion relative to the end can extend a certain distance along the first direction to ensure that the end of the collector electrode 14 adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity is wrapped by the insulating isolation portion, preventing short circuits. The distance by which the edge of the insulating isolation portion extends along the first direction relative to the end can be set according to actual needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0082] For example, when at least one insulating isolation portion covers the end of a corresponding current collector electrode adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure, the distance by which the edge of the at least one insulating isolation portion extends along the first direction relative to the end can be 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. For example, the distance by which the edge of the at least one insulating isolation portion extends along the first direction relative to the end can be 0.1 mm, 0.11 mm, 0.12 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.14 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.18 mm, or 0.2 mm, etc. In this case, the distance by which the edge of the at least one insulating isolation portion extends along the first direction relative to the end is within the above-mentioned range, which helps to prevent poor insulation isolation characteristics of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering the end of the current collector electrode with opposite polarity due to a small distance, further reducing the risk of leakage. In addition, it can also prevent a large amount of material used for the insulating isolation structure and excessive connection stress between the insulating isolation structure and the battery body due to a large distance, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of photovoltaic modules and improving the yield of back contact cells.

[0083] Understandably, in practical applications, the distances between the adjacent regions of different polarity collector electrodes near the interconnect structure and the interconnect structure vary. For example, when the back contact electrode also includes a connecting electrode, the distances between the adjacent regions of the different polarity collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect the connecting electrode and the different polarity collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect the interconnect structure are different. Specifically, if we define the collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect the interconnect structure as the first type of collector electrode and the collector electrodes whose extension lines intersect the connecting electrode as the second type of collector electrode within the same insulating isolation structure, then the straight-line distance between the end of the first type of collector electrode and the adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity is smaller than the straight-line distance between the end of the second type of collector electrode and the adjacent interconnect structure with opposite polarity. Furthermore, since the back-contact battery is electrically coupled to the conductive line layer through interconnect structures, the end of a current collector electrode with a smaller spacing between interconnect structures (such as a second type of current collector electrode) and an adjacent current collector electrode with opposite polarity (such as a first type of current collector electrode) has a higher risk of leakage compared to a current collector electrode with a smaller spacing between interconnect structures (such as a second type of current collector electrode). Based on this, an appropriate distance can be determined for the edge of the insulating isolation structure to extend along the first direction relative to the end, depending on the distribution location of the different types of current collector electrodes.

[0084] For example, as shown in FIG8, the distance by which the insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the first type of current collector electrode can be greater than the distance by which the same insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the second type of current collector electrode. In this case, the insulation characteristics of the insulating isolation structure 16 covering the edge of the first type of current collector electrode can be enhanced, the leakage risk of the edge of the first type of current collector electrode can be reduced, and the electrical performance of the back contact battery 13 can be improved. In addition, the distance by which the same insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the second type of current collector electrode with a lower leakage risk is smaller. Under the premise of reducing the leakage risk, the amount of consumables used for the insulating isolation structure 16 can be saved, reducing costs, and at the same time, it is beneficial to reduce the warpage height of the battery body of the back contact battery 13 and improve the yield of the back contact battery 13.

[0085] Alternatively, as exemplarily shown in FIG7, the distance by which the insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the first type of collector electrode can also be equal to the distance by which the same insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the second type of collector electrode. In this case, the distances by which the insulating isolation structure 16 extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the first type of collector electrode and the distances by which it extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the second type of collector electrode can both be set within a relatively large range to reduce the risk of leakage current.

[0086] Regarding the dimensions of the insulating isolation structure along the second direction, as shown in Figures 3, 9, and 10, the number of rows of current collector electrodes 14 covered by the same insulating isolation structure 16 along the second direction can be greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 9. For example, the number of rows of current collector electrodes 14 covered by the same insulating isolation structure 16 can be 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, etc. In this case, the number of rows of current collector electrodes 14 covered by the same insulating isolation structure 16 is within the above range, which helps to prevent the allowable offset of the conductive window 12 and / or the back contact battery 13 along the second direction from being too small due to the small number of rows, and the allowable offset of the conductive window 12 from being too small due to the expansion and contraction of the insulating material layer itself, further reducing the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout accuracy requirements of different back contact batteries 13. In addition, it can also prevent the coverage area of ​​the insulating isolation structure 16 from being too large due to the large number of rows, which helps to further reduce the amount of consumables used in the insulating isolation structure 16, and reduce the connection stress between the battery body and the insulating isolation structure 16, and reduce the warpage height of the battery body.

[0087] Furthermore, in practical applications, as shown in Figure 3, when the aforementioned insulating isolation structure 16 includes multiple insulating isolation groups spaced apart along the second direction, each insulating isolation group covering the adjacent area of ​​a single current collector 14 adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure 15 and with opposite polarity, and each insulating isolation group includes at least one insulating isolation portion, the number of insulating isolation groups exposed by the conductive window 12 can be greater than the number of insulating isolation groups not exposed along at least one side of the same conductive window 12 along the second direction. In this case, the current collectors 14 with opposite polarities are alternately spaced along the second direction. Based on this, when the insulating isolation structure 16 includes multiple insulating isolation groups spaced apart along the second direction, the current collectors 14 adjacent to the interconnect structure 15 and with the same polarity can be exposed outside the insulating isolation structure 16. This does not increase the risk of leakage current, and also reduces the coverage area of ​​the insulating isolation portion on the battery body, reducing the amount of consumables used in the insulating isolation structure 16 and the connection stress between the insulating isolation structure 16 and the battery body. Furthermore, when the number of insulation isolation groups exposed by the conductive window 12 is greater than the number of insulation isolation groups not exposed along the second direction at least on one side of the same conductive window 12, the number of insulation isolation groups not exposed outside the conductive window 12 is relatively small (this part serves as a backup for short circuit prevention), and most of the insulation isolation portions play a substantial role in preventing short circuits. Thus, while preventing short circuits, within the limits of process precision, the number of insulation isolation portions corresponding to a single conductive window 12 is minimized as much as possible, further reducing the coverage area of ​​the insulation isolation portions on the battery body. Specifically, it can be understood that when the current collector electrode covered by the insulation isolation group is a third type of current collector electrode, the insulation isolation group includes at least two insulation isolation portions spaced apart along the first direction. When the current collector electrode covered by the insulation isolation group is a fourth type of current collector electrode, the insulation isolation group may include only a single insulation isolation portion, or it may include at least two insulation isolation portions spaced apart along the first direction.

[0088] For the aforementioned conductive circuit layer, the pattern set on the conductive circuit layer can be determined according to the actual application scenario, as long as it enables the different back contact battery strings included in the back contact battery pack to be connected in parallel through the conductive circuit layer, and enables the different back contact batteries included in the same back contact battery string to be connected in series through the conductive circuit layer.

[0089] Alternatively, the conductive circuit layer can be a thin conductive foil with a pattern (such as aluminum foil, copper foil, copper-aluminum foil, copper foil plated with aluminum, copper foil plated with nickel, copper foil plated with tin, aluminum foil plated with copper, aluminum foil plated with tin, aluminum foil plated with nickel, etc.). Or, it can be a thick conductive plate (such as an aluminum plate or copper plate). Of course, the conductive circuit layer can also include a composite layer of conductive and non-conductive materials.

[0090] Regarding the aforementioned insulating material layer, in terms of the arrangement of conductive windows, the distribution of different conductive windows on the insulating material layer can be determined based on the coupling position and coupling area between the different interconnect structures included in the back contact battery and the conductive line layer in the actual application scenario.

[0091] In terms of morphology, the conductive window can be a regular square, rectangle, circle, or ellipse, or it can be an irregular shape as shown in Figure 11. Different conductive windows can have the same or different shapes. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, in the photovoltaic module provided in this application embodiment, an insulating isolation structure is provided on the back side of the back contact cell. The presence of this insulating isolation structure can reduce the requirements for the opening accuracy of the conductive window and the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, thus facilitating an increase in the opening size of the conductive window. Based on this, the size of the conductive window can be determined according to the opening accuracy of the conductive window, the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, the layout accuracy of the back contact cell, and the size of the insulating isolation structure in the actual application scenario; no specific limitations are made here.

[0092] For example, when the spacing between two adjacent current collector electrodes of the same polarity along the second direction is P, the size of at least one conductive window can be greater than 2P and less than 6P. For instance, the size of at least one conductive window can be 2.1P, 2.5P, 3P, 3.2P, 3.3P, 3.4P, 3.5P, 3.6P, 3.7P, 3.8P, 3.9P, 4P, 4.5P, 5P, 5.5P, or 5.9P, etc. In this case, the size of the conductive window within the above range can prevent the requirements for the composite precision of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout precision of different back contact cells, from being too small, thus further reducing the manufacturing difficulty of photovoltaic modules. At the same time, it can also ensure that the conductive window can expose all areas of the surface where the interconnect structure and the conductive circuit layer are interconnected, ensuring a large interconnection area between the interconnect structure and the conductive circuit layer. Secondly, it can prevent the conductive window from being too large, which would increase the risk of leakage, and it also helps to reduce the coverage area of ​​the insulation structure, further reducing the warpage height of the battery body that contacts the battery after the insulation structure is formed, thus reducing the risk of damage to the battery. Specifically, conductive windows of the same shape can have the same or different sizes.

[0093] For example, the size of at least one conductive window can be greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 3.8 mm. For instance, the size of at least one conductive window can be 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.8 mm, 3 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.6 mm, or 3.8 mm, etc. In this case, it is possible to prevent the size of the conductive window from being too large or too small. The beneficial effects of preventing the size of the conductive window from being too large or too small can be referred to the preceding text, and will not be repeated here.

[0094] For example, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction can be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8. For instance, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, etc. In this case, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction is within the above range, which can prevent the size of the conductive window from being too small due to a small ratio. Furthermore, it can also prevent the size of the conductive window from being too large due to a large ratio. The beneficial effects of preventing the conductive window from being too large or too small can be referred to the preceding text, and will not be repeated here.

[0095] For example, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the second direction can be greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10. In this case, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the second direction is within the aforementioned range. This helps prevent the conductive window from being too small due to a small ratio, which would result in an excessively small allowable offset of the conductive window and / or the back contact battery along the second direction, further reducing the composite accuracy of the insulating material layer and the conductive circuit layer, as well as the layout accuracy requirements of different back contact batteries. Additionally, it also prevents the conductive window from being too large due to a large ratio, which would require the insulating isolation structure to cover more current collectors with opposite polarities to prevent short circuits, reducing the material consumption of the insulating isolation structure, reducing the connection stress between the battery body and the insulating isolation structure, and reducing the warpage height of the battery body.

[0096] It should be noted that the size of the conductive window can be determined based on the distance between two different points on the outline of the conductive window along either the first or second direction. Specifically, the size of the conductive window along the first direction can be the maximum value among the distances between two different points on the outline of the conductive window along the first direction, and the size of the conductive window along the second direction can be the maximum value among the distances between two different points on the outline of the conductive window along the second direction. The size of the conductive window can be the larger of the size along the first or second direction. The size of the conductive window can also be determined based on its shape. For example: when the conductive window is circular, the size is the diameter of the circle; when the conductive window is elliptical, the size is the length of the major axis of the ellipse; when the conductive window is square, the size is the side length of the square; when the conductive window is rectangular, the size is the length of the long side of the rectangular square; when the conductive window is irregularly shaped, the above method of size determination can be used.

[0097] In addition, the material of the insulating layer can be IEP, EPE, PI and other insulating materials.

[0098] In addition, the photovoltaic module provided in this application embodiment may further include a backsheet located on the side of the conductive circuit layer away from the insulating material layer, and a first encapsulating film located between the backsheet and the conductive circuit layer. The backsheet may be made of TPC, PET, TPT, CPC, or other materials to prevent the conductive circuit layer from reacting in the external environment and extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. The first encapsulating film may be made of POE, EVA, PVB, or other materials.

[0099] Secondly, the photovoltaic module provided in this application embodiment may further include a second encapsulating film disposed on the side of the back contact cell array away from the insulating material layer, and a transparent cover plate disposed on the second encapsulating film, to protect the back contact cells and extend the service life of the photovoltaic module. The material of the second encapsulating film can refer to the material of the first encapsulating film described above. As for the transparent cover plate, the material of the transparent cover plate may include at least one of tempered glass, high-transparency plastic, and silicone rubber.

[0100] The above description does not provide detailed explanations of the technical aspects of each layer's patterning, etching, etc. However, those skilled in the art should understand that various technical means can be used to form layers and regions of the desired shape. Furthermore, to form the same structure, those skilled in the art can also design methods that are not entirely identical to those described above. Additionally, although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination.

[0101] The embodiments of this application have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. The scope of this application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this application, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, wherein, include: A conductive backplate, and a back contact battery pack disposed on the conductive backplate; The conductive backplane includes a conductive circuit layer and an insulating material layer located between the conductive circuit layer and the back contact battery pack; the insulating material layer has multiple conductive windows arranged in an array. The back contact battery pack includes a plurality of back contact batteries arranged in an array; each back contact battery has a current collector electrode, an interconnect structure, and an insulating isolation structure disposed on its back side; different current collector electrodes with opposite polarities in the same back contact battery extend along a first direction and are alternately spaced along a second direction, the second direction being different from the first direction; each interconnect structure is electrically connected to a current collector electrode with the same polarity; the interconnect structure is disposed corresponding to the conductive window, and each interconnect structure is electrically connected to a portion of the conductive line layer exposed in the corresponding conductive window through the corresponding conductive window; at least some current collector electrodes with the same polarity are spaced apart along the first direction, and at least one pair of adjacent current collector electrodes along the first direction are provided with an interconnect structure with opposite polarity at the interval; the insulating isolation structure is disposed corresponding to the interconnect structure, and each insulating isolation structure covers the adjacent area of ​​at least two current collector electrodes adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and with opposite polarity, each insulating isolation structure includes a plurality of spaced insulating isolation portions, the adjacent area being the adjacent area of ​​the interconnect structure with opposite polarity in the corresponding current collector electrode.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent current collector electrodes of the same polarity is P; Wherein, at least one of the interconnect structures has a length along the second direction greater than P and less than 2P; and / or, at least one of the conductive windows has a size greater than 2P and less than 6P.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the insulating isolation portions covers the end of the corresponding current collector electrode that is adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure; along the first direction, the ratio of the width of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering a single end to the size of the corresponding conductive window is greater than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 0.9; And / or, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the first direction is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8; And / or, the ratio of the size of the conductive window to the distance between two adjacent conductive windows along the second direction is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 10.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, Along the second direction, the number of rows of the current collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 9.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, The insulating isolation structure includes a plurality of insulating isolation groups spaced apart along the second direction; each insulating isolation group covers the adjacent region of a single current collector electrode that is adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure, and each insulating isolation group includes at least one insulating isolation portion; The number of insulating isolation groups exposed by the conductive window is greater than the number of insulating isolation groups not exposed along the second direction on at least one side of the same conductive window.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the insulating isolation portions covers the end of the corresponding current collector electrode that is adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure; along the first direction, the width of the portion of the insulating isolation portion covering a single end is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.2 mm.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, A connection electrode is also provided on the back side of the back contact battery; the connection electrode is electrically connected to at least one of the interconnect structures and extends along the second direction; the connection electrode is electrically connected to at least a portion of the current collector electrodes with the same polarity as itself, and a connection electrode with the opposite polarity is provided at the interval between at least one pair of adjacent current collector electrodes along the first direction.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein, Among the current collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure, the current collector electrode whose extension line intersects with the interconnection structure is a first type of current collector electrode, and the current collector electrode whose extension line intersects with the connecting electrode is a second type of current collector electrode. The distance by which the insulating isolation structure extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the first type of current collector electrode end is greater than or equal to the distance by which the same insulating isolation structure extends along the first direction relative to the edge of the second type of current collector electrode end.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, wherein, Among the current collector electrodes covered by the same insulating isolation structure, the current collector electrode whose extension line intersects with the interconnection structure is a first type of current collector electrode, and the current collector electrode whose extension line intersects with the connecting electrode is a second type of current collector electrode. Along the first direction, the width of the connecting electrode is smaller than the width of the interconnect structure; the width of the portion of the insulating isolation structure covering the second type of collector electrode is greater than the width of the portion of the same insulating isolation structure covering the first type of collector electrode.

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, All the current collectors provided on the back side of the same back contact battery are third type current collectors; along the first direction, multiple third type current collectors with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed among the corresponding current collectors in the same row; The insulating isolation structure covers the end of the third type of collector electrode that is adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and has the opposite polarity.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, wherein, All the current collectors disposed on the back side of the same back contact battery include a third type of current collector and a fourth type of current collector; along the first direction, a plurality of third type current collectors with the same polarity and spaced apart are distributed among the corresponding current collectors in the same row; Along the first direction, only a single fourth collector electrode is distributed in the corresponding collector electrodes located in the same row; The current collector electrode that intersects the interconnect structure with an extension direction opposite to its own polarity is the third type of current collector electrode; At least a portion of the collector electrodes whose extension direction does not intersect with the interconnect structure are fourth-type collector electrodes; At least one of the insulating isolation structures covers the end of the third type of collector electrode that is adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and has the opposite polarity, and covers the adjacent area of ​​the fourth type of collector electrode that is adjacent to the corresponding interconnect structure and has the opposite polarity.

12. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, The size of at least one of the conductive windows is greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and less than or equal to 3.8 mm.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 8, wherein, When at least one of the insulating isolation portions covers the end of a corresponding current collector electrode that is adjacent to and opposite in polarity to the corresponding interconnect structure, the distance in which at least one of the insulating isolation portions extends in a first direction relative to the edge of the end is 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm.

14. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, The shape of the conductive window is at least one of square, rectangle, circle or ellipse.

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 3, wherein, The size of the conductive window is the larger of the size of the conductive window along the first direction or the size of the conductive window along the second direction.

16. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, A busbar electrode is provided on the back side of the back contact battery. Different busbar electrodes with opposite polarities extend along the second direction and are alternately distributed along the first direction. The busbar electrode is connected to a current collector electrode with the same polarity. Along the first direction, the width of the interconnect structure is greater than or equal to the width of the bus electrode.

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, The distance between the interconnect structure and the adjacent collector electrode end with opposite polarity is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm and less than or equal to 1.5 mm.

18. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, The conductive circuit layer includes one of the following: conductive foil, conductive plate, and composite layer of conductive and non-conductive materials.

19. The photovoltaic module according to claim 18, wherein, The conductive foil includes one of the following materials: aluminum foil, copper foil, copper-aluminum foil, copper foil plated with aluminum, copper foil plated with nickel, copper foil plated with tin, aluminum foil plated with copper, aluminum foil plated with tin, and aluminum foil plated with nickel.

20. The photovoltaic module according to claim 18, wherein, The conductive plate may be an aluminum plate or a copper plate.

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