Stator, motor, and vehicle

Abstract

A stator, a motor, and a vehicle. The stator comprises a stator core and a winding structure; the winding structure is adapted to be wound around a stator slot of the stator core, the winding structure comprises N wave‑wound coils, each wave‑wound coil is provided with M coil layers, and each coil layer is adapted to be mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot, wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

Description

Stator, motor and vehicle

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 202411642309.0, filed on November 15, 2024, and Chinese patent application No. 202411655771.4, filed on November 15, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to the field of motor winding technology, and more particularly to a stator, motor, and vehicle. Background Technology

[0003] Currently, electric motors are increasingly being used in fields such as electric vehicles due to their advantages, such as reducing environmental pollution and lower electricity costs.

[0004] An electric motor typically includes a stator and a rotor. The stator includes a stator core and a winding structure. The stator core has multiple stator slots arranged circumferentially, and the winding structure is located in these slots. Under power supply conditions, the winding structure generates a rotating magnetic field to drive the rotor to rotate relative to the stator. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In a first aspect, a stator is provided, the stator including a stator core and a winding structure, the winding structure being adapted to be wound in stator slots of the stator core, the winding structure including N wave-wound coils, each of the N wave-wound coils being provided with M layers of coils, where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2 and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0006] In some embodiments, each layer of coil in the M-layer coil is adapted to be mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot.

[0007] In this way, the next layer of coil can be wound after the first layer of coil is completed, which can reduce the complexity of the winding process of the coil in the stator slot and improve efficiency and processing cycle.

[0008] In some embodiments, the N wave-wound coils have the same number of coil layers, the M layers of the N wave-wound coils correspond to each other, and the coils of corresponding layers in the N wave-wound coils are suitable for installation in the same slot layer of the stator slot.

[0009] In some embodiments, the number of slot layers in the stator slot is the same as the number of coil layers in the wave-wound coil, and they correspond one-to-one. Each wave-wound coil has M coil layers that correspond one-to-one with at least one slot layer in the stator slot, and each coil layer is adapted to be installed in the corresponding slot layer within the stator slot.

[0010] In some embodiments, the M layers of coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil correspond one-to-one with the M slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slot.

[0011] In some embodiments, N wave-wound coils are arranged circumferentially along the stator core.

[0012] In some embodiments, N wave-wound coils constitute a multi-phase wave-wound coil, which is arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core, and the number of each phase wave-wound coil is K; where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0013] In some embodiments, K is greater than or equal to 2.

[0014] In some embodiments, along the circumference of the stator core, among two adjacent coils in the same phase, the end of one coil adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the first current input terminal, and the end of the coil adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the first current output terminal; the end of the other coil adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the second current output terminal, and the end of the coil adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the second current input terminal.

[0015] In some embodiments, along the circumference of the stator core, the number of stator slots occupied between two adjacent wave-wound coils in the same phase is one larger than the pole pitch of the winding structure.

[0016] In some embodiments, the N wave-wound coils have the same shape.

[0017] In some embodiments, the pitch is equal at any position within each layer of coil in each wave-wound coil.

[0018] In some embodiments, the pitch within the M-layer coil in each wave-wound coil is equal to the same preset pitch.

[0019] In some embodiments, the preset pitch is equal to the pole pitch.

[0020] In some embodiments, within the M-layer coil, the pitch between each two adjacent layers of coils is different from the preset pitch.

[0021] In some embodiments, in the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than a preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than a preset pitch.

[0022] In some embodiments, in the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is less than a preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is greater than a preset pitch.

[0023] In some embodiments, in the wave-wound coil, the absolute value of the difference between the pitch of the coil in the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next even-numbered slot layer and the preset pitch is 1, and the absolute value of the difference between the pitch of the coil in the even-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next odd-numbered slot layer and the preset pitch is 1.

[0024] In some embodiments, N wave-wound coils constitute a three-phase wave-wound coil, which are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core, with each phase having K wave-wound coils; where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0025] In some embodiments, the three-phase winding coils are U-phase winding coil, V-phase winding coil and W-phase winding coil.

[0026] In some embodiments, K is greater than or equal to 2, and the K winding coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch. The three-phase series branches are connected in a star or delta configuration.

[0027] In some embodiments, N wave-wound coils constitute a five-phase wave-wound coil, which are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core, with each phase having K wave-wound coils; where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0028] In some embodiments, the five-phase wave winding coils are U-phase wave winding coil, V-phase wave winding coil, W-phase wave winding coil, X-phase wave winding coil and Y-phase wave winding coil.

[0029] In some embodiments, K is greater than or equal to 2, and the K winding coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch. The five-phase series branches are connected in a star configuration.

[0030] In some embodiments, the wave-wound coil includes a first wave-wound coil and a second wave-wound coil arranged circumferentially along the stator core. Along the circumferential direction of the stator core, two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the first wave-wound coil is located are located on either side of two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the second wave-wound coil is located.

[0031] The winding structure provided in this application has a configuration where, along the circumference of the stator core, at least one layer of the first-wave winding coil is located in two adjacent stator slots on either side of at least one layer of the second-wave winding coil. This design ensures that at least one layer of the first-wave winding coil and the second-wave winding coil are interchanged at least once along the circumference of the stator core, guaranteeing potential balance between the two coils, preventing circulating currents, and thus ensuring motor efficiency to a certain extent.

[0032] In some embodiments, the middle position of at least one layer of the first wave-wound coil is designated as the first middle position, and the middle position of at least one layer of the second wave-wound coil is designated as the second middle position. Along the circumference of the stator core, at least two adjacent stator slots where the first middle position is located are located on either side of at least two adjacent stator slots where the second middle position is located.

[0033] In some embodiments, along the circumference of the stator core, at least one first central position and at least one second central position are at the same position.

[0034] In some embodiments, M is greater than or equal to 2, the number of coil layers in the first wave-wound coil is equal to the number of coil layers in the second wave-wound coil, and the M layers of coils in the first wave-wound coil correspond one-to-one with the M layers of coils in the second wave-wound coil. Along the circumference of the stator core, the two adjacent stator slots where each layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil is located are located on both sides of the two adjacent stator slots where the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil is located.

[0035] In some embodiments, the two adjacent stator slots of each layer of coil in the first wave winding are called the first stator slots, and the number of stator slots y1 that are crossed between two adjacent first stator slots in the M layers of coil in the first wave winding are all equal. The two adjacent stator slots of each layer of coil in the second wave winding are called the second stator slots, and the number of stator slots y2 that are crossed between two adjacent second stator slots in the M layers of coil in the second wave winding are all equal.

[0036] In some embodiments, the M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the first wave-wound coil are respectively adapted to be installed one-to-one with a plurality of slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slots. The M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the second wave-wound coil are respectively adapted to be installed one-to-one with a plurality of slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slots.

[0037] In some embodiments, each layer of the first wave-wound coil and the corresponding layer of the second wave-wound coil are adapted to be mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot.

[0038] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots y1 is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0039] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave of winding coils, the pitch y3 between the coils of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coils of the next even-numbered slot layer is equal to the pole pitch y0.

[0040] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave of winding coils, the pitch y4 between the coils of the even-numbered slot layer and the coils of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

[0041] In some embodiments, the pitch y4 = y0 - 2 × (y1 - y0).

[0042] In some embodiments, in the first wave-wound coil, the pitch of each layer of coil, except for the portion located in two adjacent first stator slots, is equal to the first preset pitch.

[0043] In some embodiments, the first preset pitch is equal to the pole pitch y0.

[0044] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots y2 is less than the pole pitch y0.

[0045] In some embodiments, in the second wave winding coil, each layer of coil is also located in two adjacent third stator slots. The third stator slots and the second stator slots are arranged along the circumference of the stator core, and the number of stator slots y5 spanned between two adjacent third stator slots is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0046] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots y5 = 2 × y0 - y2.

[0047] In some embodiments, in the second wave-wound coil, the pitch of each layer of coil, except for the portions located in two adjacent second stator slots and two adjacent third stator slots, is equal to the second preset pitch.

[0048] In some embodiments, the second preset pitch is equal to the pole pitch y0.

[0049] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave winding coil, the pitch y6 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0050] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave winding coil, the pitch y7 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

[0051] In some embodiments, the pitch y6 = y0 + 1, and the pitch y7 = y0 - 1.

[0052] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave winding coil, the pitch y6 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

[0053] In some embodiments, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave winding coil, the pitch y7 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0054] In some embodiments, the pitch y6 = y0 - 1, and the pitch y7 = y0 + 1.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first and second wave windings are arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the stator core. The number of stator slots y1 = y0 + 1, and the number of stator slots y2 = y0 - 1.

[0056] In some embodiments, along the circumference of the stator core, the end of the first wave-wound coil adjacent to the lowest slot layer is the first current input terminal, the end of the first wave-wound coil adjacent to the highest slot layer is the first current output terminal, the end of the second wave-wound coil adjacent to the lowest slot layer is the second current output terminal, and the end of the second wave-wound coil adjacent to the highest slot layer is the second current input terminal.

[0057] In some embodiments, along the circumferential direction of the stator core, the number of stator slots y8 occupied between the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the first wave-wound coil and the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the second wave-wound coil is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0058] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots y8 = y0 + 1.

[0059] In some embodiments, the first wave-wound coil and the second wave-wound coil are the same phase wave-wound coil.

[0060] In some embodiments, the system further includes a third, fourth, fifth, and sixth wave-wound coil. The third and fifth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the first wave-wound coil, and the fourth and sixth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the second wave-wound coil. The first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth wave-wound coils are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core.

[0061] In some embodiments, the first and second wave-wound coils are first-phase wave-wound coils. The third and fourth wave-wound coils are second-phase wave-wound coils. The fifth and sixth wave-wound coils are third-phase wave-wound coils. The first, second, and third wave-wound coils are respectively the U-phase wave-wound coil, the V-phase wave-wound coil, and the W-phase wave-wound coil.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first and second wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a first-phase parallel branch. The third and fourth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a second-phase parallel branch. The fifth and sixth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a third-phase parallel branch. The first-phase parallel branch, the second-phase parallel branch, and the third-phase parallel branch are connected in a star or delta configuration.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first, third, and fifth wave-wound coils are connected in a star configuration to form a first star circuit. The second, fourth, and sixth wave-wound coils are connected in a star configuration to form a second star circuit. The first and second star circuits are connected in parallel.

[0064] In some embodiments, the system further includes a seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth wave-wound coil. The seventh and ninth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the first wave-wound coil, and the eighth and tenth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the second wave-wound coil. Along the circumference of the stator core, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth wave-wound coils are arranged sequentially.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first and second wave-wound coils are first-phase wave-wound coils. The third and fourth wave-wound coils are second-phase wave-wound coils. The fifth and sixth wave-wound coils are third-phase wave-wound coils. The seventh and eighth wave-wound coils are fourth-phase wave-wound coils. The ninth and tenth wave-wound coils are fifth-phase wave-wound coils. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth-phase wave-wound coils are respectively the U-phase wave-wound coil, V-phase wave-wound coil, W-phase wave-wound coil, X-phase wave-wound coil, and Y-phase wave-wound coil.

[0066] In some embodiments, the first and second wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a first-phase parallel branch. The third and fourth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a second-phase parallel branch. The fifth and sixth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a third-phase parallel branch. The seventh and eighth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a fourth-phase parallel branch. The ninth and tenth wave-wound coils are connected in parallel to form a fifth-phase parallel branch. The first, second, third, fourth, and fifth-phase parallel branches are connected in a star configuration.

[0067] In some embodiments, stator slots are provided at at least one end of the stator core along its axial direction.

[0068] In some embodiments, there are two sets of stator slots, each set including at least one stator slot, and the two sets of stator slots are respectively located at both ends of the stator core along the axial direction. There are two winding structures, each located in one of the two sets of stator slots.

[0069] In some embodiments, the two winding structures are connected in parallel.

[0070] In a second aspect, an electric motor is provided, which includes a rotor and a stator as described above.

[0071] It should be noted that the technical effects of the second implementation method can be found in the technical effects of the corresponding implementation method in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] In some embodiments, there are multiple stators arranged in a row, with at least one rotor between two adjacent stators, and the extension direction of the shaft of the at least one rotor is consistent with the arrangement direction of the multiple stators.

[0073] In some embodiments, there are multiple rotors, which are coaxially arranged and arranged along the extension direction of the shaft, with at least one stator between two adjacent rotors.

[0074] In some embodiments, the number of slots per pole per phase of the motor is greater than or equal to 1.

[0075] In some embodiments, the preceding motor is applied to the powertrain.

[0076] In some embodiments, the powertrain further includes a transmission, with the electric motor connected to the transmission via a shaft.

[0077] Thirdly, a vehicle is provided that includes the motor described above.

[0078] It should be noted that the technical effects of the third implementation method can be found in the technical effects of the corresponding implementation method in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0079] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a stator assembly according to some embodiments of this disclosure;

[0080] Figure 1 is a top view of a motor according to some embodiments;

[0081] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the motor shown in Figure 1;

[0082] Figure 3 is another top view of the motor according to some embodiments;

[0083] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the motor shown in Figure 3;

[0084] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the winding structure in the motor shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3;

[0085] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wave-wound coil after bending in a winding structure according to some embodiments;

[0086] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding structure in a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments; wherein, (a) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase wave winding coil, (b) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase wave winding coil, and (c) in Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase wave winding coil.

[0087] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the wave-wound coil (U1) in the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0088] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0089] Figure 10 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) in the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0090] Figure 11 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0091] Figure 12 shows the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) and wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0092] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the wiring method of the winding structure shown in Figure 7;

[0093] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of one wiring method for the two winding structures of the stator in the motor shown in Figures 1 and 2;

[0094] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the two winding structures of the stator in the motor shown in Figures 1 and 2;

[0095] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method of the winding structure according to some embodiments;

[0096] Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method of the winding structure according to some embodiments;

[0097] Figure 18 is an unfolded connection diagram of the winding structure in a 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments; wherein, (a) in Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase wave winding coil, (b) in Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase wave winding coil, and (c) in Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase wave winding coil.

[0098] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the wave-wound coil (U1) in the winding structure shown in Figure 18;

[0099] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 18;

[0100] Figure 21 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) in the winding structure shown in Figure 18;

[0101] Figure 22 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 18;

[0102] Figure 23 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) and wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 18;

[0103] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding structure in a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments; wherein, (a) in Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase wave winding coil, (b) in Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase wave winding coil, and (c) in Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase wave winding coil.

[0104] Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0105] Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0106] Figure 27 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) in the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0107] Figure 28 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0108] Figure 29 shows the conductor arrangement data of the wave-wound coil (U1) and wave-wound coil (U2) in the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0109] Figure 30 is a schematic diagram of one wiring method for the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0110] Figure 31 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the winding structure shown in Figure 24;

[0111] Figure 32 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the two winding structures of the stator in the motor shown in Figures 1 and 2;

[0112] Figure 33 is a schematic diagram of another wiring method of the winding structure according to some embodiments;

[0113] Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding structure in a 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments; wherein, (a) in Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase wave winding coil, (b) in Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase wave winding coil, and (c) in Figure 34 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase wave winding coil.

[0114] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 34;

[0115] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 34;

[0116] Figure 37 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the first wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 34;

[0117] Figure 38 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the second wave winding coil in the winding structure shown in Figure 34;

[0118] Figure 39 is a diagram showing the conductor arrangement data of the first and second wave windings in the winding structure shown in Figure 34.

[0119] Figure 40 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments.

[0120] Reference numerals: 1000, vehicle; 100, motor; 10, stator; 11, stator core; 12, stator slot; 14, stator yoke; 13, winding structure; 13a, outer ring end; 13b, middle of slot; 13b1-13b12, middle of slot; 13c, inner ring end; 131, U-phase wave-wound coil; 132, V-phase wave-wound coil; 133, W-phase wave-wound coil; 134, X-phase wave-wound coil; 135, Y-phase wave-wound coil; 20, rotor; 21, rotor frame; 22, magnet; S1, first surface; S2, second surface; S3, inner circumferential surface; S4, outer circumferential surface; O, rotating shaft. 131a, First wave winding; 131b, Second wave winding; 132a, Third wave winding; 132b, Fourth wave winding; 133a, Fifth wave winding; 133b, Sixth wave winding; A, First middle position; B, Second middle position; Detailed Implementation

[0121] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0122] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and "fifth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," "third," "fourth," or "fifth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0123] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0124] This application provides an electric motor. This motor can be applied to the powertrain of a vehicle. Vehicles include, but are not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, range-extended electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and may also include, but are not limited to, centralized drive vehicles, four-wheel drive vehicles, two-wheel drive vehicles, and wheel-side drive vehicles. Of course, in other embodiments, the motor provided in this application can also be applied to other mechanical equipment, such as construction machinery and production machinery; this application does not limit the application field of the motor. Furthermore, the motor provided in this application can be used as both a drive motor and a generator motor.

[0125] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a top view of a motor 100 according to some embodiments, and Figure 2 is an exploded structural diagram of the motor 100 shown in Figure 1. The motor 100 may include a stator 10 and a rotor 20.

[0126] It is understood that Figures 1 and 2 show a partial structure of the motor 100. In addition to the stator 10 and rotor 20 shown in Figures 1 and 2, the motor 100 may also include one or more of the following: a shaft, bearings, a position sensor, a housing, a junction box, and cooling oil or water channels. The shaft is fixed to the rotor 20 and is coaxial with the rotation axis of the rotor 20. The bearing is located between the shaft and the stator 10 so that the shaft can rotate relative to the stator 10 along with the rotor 20. The position sensor is configured to detect the position of the rotor 20 to achieve closed-loop control. The housing is configured to protect the stator 10 and rotor 20 and is fixed relative to the stator 10. The junction box is located at a position in the circumferential direction of the housing and is configured to install the leads of the stator 10. The leads of the stator 10 are connected to a motor controller, which is connected to a power supply. The motor controller controls the current in the stator 10 in real time to achieve real-time control and switching of the motor's operating conditions. Cooling oil or water channels are configured to cool the stator 10 and rotor 20.

[0127] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the stator 10 and rotor 20 can be arranged along the extension direction of the rotation axis O of the rotor 20, thus the motor 100 is an axial motor. Of course, in other embodiments, the stator 10 and rotor 20 can also be arranged along a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis O of the rotor 20, thus the motor 100 is a radial motor. The following descriptions of embodiments are based on the premise that the motor 100 is an axial motor, and should not be considered as a special limitation on the structural configuration of the motor 100.

[0128] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there can be one stator 10 and two rotors 20. The two rotors 20 can have identical structures, with the stator 10 positioned between them. That is, there are two rotors 20, coaxially arranged, with the stator 10 located between them. Under power supply conditions, the windings of the stator 10 generate a rotating magnetic field, driving the two rotors 20 to rotate synchronously relative to the stator 10.

[0129] In some other embodiments, please refer to Figures 3 and 4. Figure 3 is another top view of the motor 100 provided according to some embodiments, and Figure 4 is an exploded structural diagram of the motor 100 shown in Figure 3. The number of stators 10 can also be two, and the number of rotors 20 can be one. The two stators 10 can have identical structures, and the rotor 20 is disposed between the two stators 10. That is, there are two stators 10, which are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the rotor 20, and the two stators 10 and the rotor 20 are arranged along the axial direction of the rotor 20. Under power supply conditions, the windings of the two stators 10 generate a synchronous rotating magnetic field, driving the rotor 20 to rotate relative to the two stators 10.

[0130] Of course, in other embodiments, the number of stators 10 and rotors 20 can also be different. For example, the number of stators 10 and rotors 20 may be one or more, or the number of stators 10 and rotors 20 may be two or more. When the number of stators 10 and rotors 20 is two or more, there are multiple stators 10 arranged in a row, with at least one rotor 20 between two adjacent stators 10, and the extension direction of the shaft of the at least one rotor 20 is consistent with the arrangement direction of the multiple stators 10. Alternatively, there are multiple rotors 20, which are coaxially arranged and along the extension direction of their shafts, with at least one stator 10 between two adjacent rotors 20. In this way, by driving multiple rotors 20 to rotate with multiple stators 10, the output power of the motor can be increased.

[0131] This application does not limit the number of stators 10 and rotors 20. The following embodiments are described based on the fact that the number of stators 10 is one and the number of rotors 20 is two, as shown in Figures 1 and 2.

[0132] Please refer back to Figures 1 and 2. The rotor 20 may include a rotor frame 21 and a plurality of magnets 22 disposed on the rotor frame 21. The rotor frame 21 may be made of a magnetically conductive material or a non-magnetically conductive material. The magnets 22 may be permanent magnets, electromagnets, or a combination of permanent magnets and electromagnets; this application does not limit the specific types of magnets.

[0133] Multiple magnets 22 are arranged in a ring array, and the array axis of the multiple magnets 22 is collinear with the rotation axis O of the rotor 20. Along the circumference of the ring array, the polarities of the multiple magnets 22 can be arranged alternately with N poles and S poles. For example, in Figure 2, along the circumference of the ring array, the polarities of the eight magnets 22 can be N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole, respectively.

[0134] It should be noted that the polarity of magnet 22 refers to the polarity of the end of magnet 22 facing stator 10. The polarity of the end of magnet 22 facing away from stator 10 can be opposite to the polarity of the end of magnet 22 facing stator 10.

[0135] The number of magnets 22 can be an even number, such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, etc. Figure 2 illustrates an example with 8 magnets 22. Of course, provided that the motor drive is satisfied, the number of magnets 22 can also be an odd number, such as 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc. This application does not limit this.

[0136] The number of magnets 22 can be equal to the number of poles of the motor, which is also the number of magnetic poles of the motor. Magnetic poles are divided into N poles and S poles. Generally, one adjacent N pole and one adjacent S pole are called a pair of magnetic poles, meaning the number of pole pairs P is 1. The motor shown in Figures 1 and 2 has 8 poles, so it can be called an 8-pole motor, and the number of pole pairs P of this 8-pole motor is 4. Of course, in other embodiments, each magnetic pole can also include multiple magnets. The embodiments in this application are illustrated by example with one magnetic pole including one magnet, which should not be considered a special limitation of this application.

[0137] In other embodiments, the number of pole pairs P of the motor can also be 1, 2, 3, or 5, and correspondingly, the number of poles of the motor can be 2, 4, 6, or 10. The motor speed n and the number of pole pairs P satisfy n = 60f / P, where f is the power supply frequency. For example, when f = 50 Hz, if the number of pole pairs is 1, the motor speed n = 3000 r / min; if the number of pole pairs is 2, the motor speed n = 1500 r / min; if the number of pole pairs is 3, the motor speed n = 1000 r / min; and if the number of pole pairs is 4, the motor speed n = 750 r / min. The number of poles of the motor is twice the number of pole pairs, that is, 2P. In other words, given a constant power supply frequency f, the larger the number of pole pairs P of the motor, the smaller the motor speed n.

[0138] In some embodiments, the number of slots Q per pole per phase of the motor 100 can be an integer greater than or equal to 1. This application embodiment uses Q equal to 2 as an example for illustration, and the structure of this motor is simple. Of course, in other embodiments, the number of slots Q per pole per phase in the motor 100 can also be equal to 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0139] In some embodiments, the rotor 20 may further include a sheath fitted around the outer periphery of the rotor frame 21 and the plurality of magnets 22, the sheath being configured to protect the structural safety and reliability of the rotor frame 21 and the plurality of magnets 22.

[0140] Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The stator 10 may include a stator core 11 and a stator slot 12 disposed on the stator core 11.

[0141] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots 12 is at least one set, and each set of stator slots includes at least one stator slot 12. In some embodiments, each set of stator slots may include a plurality of stator slots 12 arranged sequentially along the rotation axis O surrounding the rotor 20.

[0142] The stator slot 12 can be located at at least one end of the stator core 11 along its axial direction.

[0143] In some embodiments, the stator core 11 has a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 that are axially opposite to each other, the first surface S1 facing one rotor 20 and the second surface S2 facing the other rotor 20. The opening of at least one stator slot 12 is located on the first surface S1 and extends from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2, or the opening of at least one stator slot 12 is located on the second surface S2 and extends from the second surface S2 to the first surface S1. In this way, the stator slot 12 is located at at least one end of the stator core 11 in the axial direction.

[0144] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 1 and 2, the number of stator slots is two sets, each set including at least one stator slot 12. In one set, the slot opening of the stator slot 12 is located on the first surface S1 and extends from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2. In the other set, the slot opening of the stator slot 12 is located on the second surface S2 and extends from the second surface S2 to the first surface S1. The portion of the stator core 11 located between the two sets of stator slots is the stator yoke 14. Thus, the two sets of stator slots 12 are respectively located at both ends of the stator core 11 in the axial direction.

[0145] In other embodiments, when the motor includes a single stator and a single rotor, or a double stator and a single rotor, the number of stator slots in the stator core 11 can also be one. Or when the motor includes other numbers of stators and other numbers of rotors, the number of stator slots in the stator core 11 can also be three or more. This application does not limit this.

[0146] Based on the above embodiments, for the convenience of the following description, the stator slots 12 can be numbered sequentially along the arrangement direction of each group of stator slots. For example, the stator slots 12 can be numbered sequentially as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..., n, where n equals the number of stator slots 12 in each group of stator slots. For example, in the motor 100 shown in Figure 2, the number of stator slots 12 in each group of stator slots can be 48, so the motor can be called a 48-slot motor, and the stator slots 12 can be numbered sequentially as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ..., 48 along the arrangement direction of each group of stator slots. In other embodiments, the number of stator slots 12 in each group of stator slots in the motor 100 can also be 72, 36, 90, etc., so the motor can also be called a 72-slot motor, a 36-slot motor, or a 90-slot motor.

[0147] It should be noted that the stator slot 12 numbered 1 can be any stator slot 12 in the same group of stator slots, and the numbering direction of multiple stator slots 12 can be clockwise or counterclockwise, which is not limited in this application.

[0148] Each stator slot 12 has multiple slot layers along its depth direction. It should be noted that the depth direction of the stator slot 12 refers to the direction from the slot opening to the bottom of the slot. The bottom of the stator slot 12 is the end of the stator slot 12 opposite to the slot opening.

[0149] Based on this, for the convenience of describing the embodiments below, multiple slot layers can be sequentially numbered along the depth direction of the stator slot 12. For example, the multiple slot layers can be numbered sequentially as L1, L2, L3, ..., Lm, where m is equal to the number of slot layers in the stator slot 12, and m is greater than 1. In the embodiments below, L1 is described as the lowest slot layer, and Lm is described as the highest slot layer. For example, in the motor 100 shown in FIG1, the number of slot layers in each stator slot 12 is 8, and the numbering of the 8 slot layers can be sequentially L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6, L7, L8. In other embodiments, the number of slot layers in the stator slot 12 can also be an even number of layers such as 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, or an odd number of layers such as 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc. This application does not limit this.

[0150] It should be noted that the slot layer numbered L1 can be closer to the slot opening than the slot layer numbered Lm. That is, the arrangement direction of the slot layers numbered L1, L2, L3, ..., Lm is the same as the depth direction of the stator slot 12. In other embodiments, the slot layer numbered L1 can also be closer to the slot bottom than the slot layer numbered Lm. That is, the arrangement direction of the slot layers numbered L1, L2, L3, ..., Lm is opposite to the depth direction of the stator slot 12. This application does not limit this.

[0151] Please refer to Figure 1 for details. The stator 10 also includes at least one winding structure 13 respectively disposed in at least one set of stator slots 12. In some embodiments, the number of sets of stator slots is equal to the number of winding structures 13, and at least one winding structure 13 is disposed in at least one set of stator slots respectively. That is, a winding structure 13 is disposed in a set of stator slots, and only one winding structure 13 is disposed in the set of stator slots.

[0152] For example, referring to Figure 1, the number of winding structures 13 can also be two, with the two winding structures 13 respectively located in two sets of stator slots. The two winding structures 13 respectively cooperate with the two rotors 20 to drive the two rotors 20 to rotate.

[0153] Of course, in other embodiments, multiple winding structures 13 may be disposed in a group of stator slots, or one winding structure 13 may be disposed in multiple groups of stator slots. The embodiments described below are based on the premise that one winding structure 13 is disposed in a group of stator slots, which should not be considered as a special limitation on this application.

[0154] In some embodiments, referring to FIG2, the stator core 11 can be an annular structure, and the central axis of the stator core 11 is collinear with the rotation axis O of the rotor 20. The stator slot 12 extends radially along the stator core 11 and penetrates the inner circumferential surface S3 and the outer circumferential surface S4 of the stator core 11. This facilitates the arrangement of the winding structure 13 within the stator slot 12.

[0155] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a structural diagram of the winding structure 13 in the motor 100 shown in Figure 1 or Figure 3. The winding structure 13 may include N wave-wound coils. The N wave-wound coils can form a multi-phase wave-wound coil, which is arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core 11. The number of wave-wound coils in each phase is K. Wherein, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. "Multi-phase" means two or more phases. Of course, in other embodiments, the N wave-wound coils can form a single-phase wave-wound coil, and this application does not limit this.

[0156] The number of winding coils for each phase wave is K. Where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0157] Each wave-wound coil includes two opposing ends and M layers of coils connecting the two ends. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0158] Each coil layer includes an outer ring end 13a, a slot middle portion 13b, and an inner ring end 13c. The outer ring end 13a is wound around the outer circumference of the stator core 11, which refers to the side of the stator core 11 whose outer circumferential surface S4 faces away from the inner circumferential surface S3 in Figure 2. The inner ring end 13c is wound around the inner circumferential surface of the stator core 11, which refers to the side of the stator core 11 whose inner circumferential surface S3 faces away from the outer circumferential surface S4 in Figure 2. The slot middle portion 13b is located within the stator slot 12. The slot middle portions 13b of the multi-layer coils are respectively located within multiple slot layers of the stator slots.

[0159] The wave-wound coil can be any form of flat wire-like winding, such as a flat wire, or a flat wire-like winding pre-woven from several round wires according to a certain pattern. This application exemplifies this by using a single flat wire as the wave-wound coil, which can improve the slot fill factor of the motor. The slot fill factor is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor in a specified sub-slot 12 to the effective area of ​​the stator slot 12. The higher the slot fill factor, the higher the efficiency of the motor. In other embodiments, the wave-wound coil can also be a square wire, round wire, polygonal wire, or Litz wire, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0160] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below, taking a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor as an example.

[0161] Please refer to Figure 7. Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding structure 13 in a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments. Figure 7(a) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase wave winding coil, Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase wave winding coil, and Figure 7(c) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase wave winding coil.

[0162] The winding structure 13 includes N wave-wound coils, where N can be equal to 6. The six wave-wound coils are the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b.

[0163] Each wave-wound coil includes two opposing ends and M layers of coils connecting the two ends. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0164] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 7, each wave-wound coil includes 8 layers of coil, i.e., M = 8. For example, the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b each include 8 layers of coil respectively disposed in 8 slots.

[0165] The stator slot numbers for the first-wave winding coil 131a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0166] Level 1 (L1): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43;

[0167] Level 2 (L2): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0168] Level 3 (L3): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43;

[0169] Level 4 (L4): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0170] Level 5 (L5): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43;

[0171] Level 6 (L6): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0172] Level 7 (L7): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43;

[0173] Level 8 (L8): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44.

[0174] The stator slot numbers for the second-wave winding coil 131b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0175] Layer 1: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 2;

[0176] Layer 2: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 3;

[0177] Layer 3: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 2;

[0178] 4th layer: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 3;

[0179] Layer 5: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 2;

[0180] 6th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 3;

[0181] 7th floor: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 2;

[0182] 8th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 3.

[0183] The stator slot numbers for the third-wave winding coil 132a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0184] Layer 1: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0185] Layer 2: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48;

[0186] Layer 3: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0187] Layer 4: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48;

[0188] 5th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0189] 6th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48;

[0190] 7th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0191] 8th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48.

[0192] The stator slot numbers for the fourth wave winding coil 132b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0193] Layer 1: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 6;

[0194] Layer 2: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 7;

[0195] Layer 3: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 6;

[0196] 4th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 7;

[0197] 5th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 6;

[0198] 6th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 7;

[0199] 7th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 6;

[0200] 8th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 7.

[0201] The stator slot numbers for the fifth wave winding coil 133a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0202] Layer 1: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0203] Layer 2: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0204] Layer 3: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0205] Layer 4: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0206] 5th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0207] 6th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0208] 7th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0209] 8th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46.

[0210] The stator slot numbers for the sixth wave winding coil 133b, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0211] Layer 1: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 4;

[0212] Layer 2: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 5;

[0213] Layer 3: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 4;

[0214] 4th layer: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 5;

[0215] 5th floor: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 4;

[0216] 6th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 5;

[0217] 7th floor: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 4;

[0218] 8th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 5.

[0219] In some embodiments, referring to FIG7, within the wave-wound coil, each layer of coil is adapted to be mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot 12. For example, the slot center 13b of each layer of coil is mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot 12.

[0220] For example, the first layer coil of the first wave winding coil 131a, the first layer coil of the second wave winding coil 131b, the first layer coil of the third wave winding coil 132a, the first layer coil of the fourth wave winding coil 132b, the first layer coil of the fifth wave winding coil 133a, and the first layer coil of the sixth wave winding coil 133b are all located in slot L1, the second layer coil is located in slot L2, the third layer coil is located in slot L3, the fourth layer coil is located in slot L4, the fifth layer coil is located in slot L5, the sixth layer coil is located in slot L6, the seventh layer coil is located in slot L7, and the eighth layer coil is located in slot L8.

[0221] In this way, the next layer of coil can be wound after the first layer of coil is completed, which can reduce the complexity of the winding process of the coil in the stator slot.

[0222] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 7. The number of coil layers of the N wave-wound coils is equal, and the M layers of the N wave-wound coils correspond to each other. The coils of the corresponding layers in the N wave-wound coils are suitable for installation in the same slot layer of the stator slot.

[0223] For example, referring to Figure 7, the eight layers of coils in the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b correspond respectively. For instance, the first layer of coils in the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b correspond. Similarly, the second layer of coils in the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b correspond. The third layer coil of the first wave-wound coil 131a, the third layer coil of the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third layer coil of the third wave-wound coil 132a, the third layer coil of the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the third layer coil of the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the third layer coil of the sixth wave-wound coil 133b correspond to each other. The fourth layer coil of the first wave-wound coil 131a, the fourth layer coil of the second wave-wound coil 131b, the fourth layer coil of the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth layer coil of the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fourth layer coil of the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the fourth layer coil of the sixth wave-wound coil 133b correspond to each other. The sixth layer coil of the first wave winding coil 131a, the sixth layer coil of the second wave winding coil 131b, the sixth layer coil of the third wave winding coil 132a, the sixth layer coil of the fourth wave winding coil 132b, the sixth layer coil of the fifth wave winding coil 133a, and the sixth layer coil of the sixth wave winding coil 133b correspond to each other. The seventh layer coil of the first wave winding coil 131a, the seventh layer coil of the second wave winding coil 131b, the seventh layer coil of the third wave winding coil 132a, the seventh layer coil of the fourth wave winding coil 132b, the seventh layer coil of the fifth wave winding coil 133a, and the seventh layer coil of the sixth wave winding coil 133b correspond to each other.

[0224] Based on this, the coils of corresponding layers among the N wave-wound coils are suitable for installation in the same slot layer of the stator slot. That is, the first layer coils of the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second layer coils of the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third layer coils of the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth layer coils of the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth layer coils of the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth layer coils of the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are suitable for installation in the same slot layer (L1 slot layer) of the stator slot. The second layer coils of the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second layer coils of the second wave-wound coil 131b, the second layer coils of the first and third wave-wound coils 132a, the second layer coils of the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the second layer coils of the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the second layer coils of the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are suitable for installation in the same slot layer (L2 slot layer) of the stator slot. … The eighth layer coil of the first wave-wound coil 131a, the eighth layer coil of the second wave-wound coil 131b, the eighth layer coil of the third wave-wound coil 132a, the eighth layer coil of the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the eighth layer coil of the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the eighth layer coil of the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are suitable for installation in the same slot layer (L8 slot layer) of the stator slot.

[0225] In this way, after the first layer of N wave-wound coils has been wound, the next layer of N wave-wound coils can be wound, which can reduce the complexity of the winding process of the wave-wound coils in the stator slot.

[0226] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 7, the stator slot 12 also has M slot layers. That is, the number of slot layers in the stator slot 12 is the same as the number of coil layers in the wave-wound coil, both being M, where M can be equal to 8. Furthermore, the M coil layers in each wave-wound coil correspond one-to-one with the M slot layers in the stator slot 12, and each coil layer is suitable for installation in its corresponding slot layer within the stator slot 12. This improves the slot fill factor.

[0227] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 7, the M layers of coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil correspond one-to-one with multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest to the highest slot layer in the stator slot 12. For example, the first layer of coil corresponds to slot layer L1, the second layer of coil corresponds to slot layer L2, ..., and the eighth layer of coil corresponds to slot layer L8. In this way, the multi-layered coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil are assembled layer by layer in multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest to the highest slot layer in the stator slot 12, which can reduce the complexity of the winding process of the wave-wound coil in the stator slot.

[0228] Based on the above embodiment, the two ends of the wave-wound coil are respectively adjacent to the coil disposed in the lowest slot layer and the coil disposed in the highest slot layer. This facilitates circuit connection.

[0229] It is known that before winding the wave-wound coil into the stator slot 12, the wave-wound coil is usually bent into a wavy shape as shown in Figure 6 to ensure the reliability of the wave-wound coil in the winding structure 13 and to prevent the wave-wound coil from breaking due to large deformation during the winding process into the stator slot 12. The bending efficiency of the wave-wound coil affects the forming efficiency of the winding structure and even the stator, as well as the processing cycle. However, in related technologies, the N wave-wound coils have different shapes, which requires the use of different tooling for bending. Therefore, the forming efficiency of the winding structure and the processing cycle are often low in related technologies.

[0230] To address the aforementioned issues, in some embodiments, please refer to Figure 7. Positions with equal spans on the N wave-wound coils have equal pitches. Equal spans on the N wave-wound coils refer to positions where the number of stator slots traversed from one end of the N wave-wound coils is equal. Furthermore, the pitch y refers to the number of stator slots occupied between the midpoints 13b of two adjacent slots along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil. In other words, the N wave-wound coils have the same shape.

[0231] The above technical solution will be explained in detail below, taking the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b among N wave winding coils as examples.

[0232] Please refer to Figures 8 and 9. Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7, and Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7.

[0233] The two opposite ends of the first-wave winding coil 131a are end a1 and end b1, respectively, and the two opposite ends of the second-wave winding coil 131b are end a2 and end b2, respectively.

[0234] The position where the span of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b is equal refers to the position where the number of stator slots spanned from one end of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b is equal.

[0235] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b have positions A1 and A2, respectively. Position A1 is located in the first wave-wound coil 131a, and from end a1 of the first wave-wound coil 131a to position A1, the first wave-wound coil 131a spans 29 stator slots 12. Position A2 is located in the second wave-wound coil 131b, and from end a2 of the second wave-wound coil 131b to position A2, the second wave-wound coil 131b also spans 29 stator slots 12. Thus, positions A1 and A2 are positions where the span of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b is equal.

[0236] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b have corresponding positions B1 and B2. Position B1 is located in the first wave-wound coil 131a, and from end a1 of the first wave-wound coil 131a to position B1, the number of stator slots 12 traversed by the first wave-wound coil 131a is 87. Position B2 is located in the second wave-wound coil 131b, and from end a2 of the second wave-wound coil 131b to position B2, the number of stator slots 12 traversed by the second wave-wound coil 131b is also 87. Thus, positions B1 and B2 are positions where the spans of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are equal.

[0237] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b have corresponding positions C1 and C2. Position C1 is located at the first wave-wound coil 131a, and the number of stator slots 12 traversed by the first wave-wound coil 131a from end a1 to position C1 is 133. Position C2 is located at the second wave-wound coil 131b, and the number of stator slots 12 traversed by the second wave-wound coil 131b from end a2 to position C2 is also 133. Thus, positions C1 and C2 are positions where the spans of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are equal.

[0238] Equal span positions mean equal pitch, which refers to the pitch between two adjacent slot middle sections 13b at positions with equal spans. If the position is located in a slot middle section 13b, then the two adjacent slot middle sections 13b at that position can refer to the pitch between the slot middle section 13b at that position and the previous adjacent slot middle section 13b. When the position is between two adjacent slot middle sections 13b, then the pitch y between the two adjacent slot middle sections 13b at that position refers to the pitch between the two slot middle sections 13b immediately before and after that position.

[0239] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position A1 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b1 and 13b2, which is 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position A2 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b3 and 13b4, which is also 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position A1 is equal to the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position A2.

[0240] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position B1 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b5 and 13b6, which is 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position B2 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b7 and 13b8, which is also 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position B1 is equal to the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position B2.

[0241] For example, referring to Figures 8 and 9, the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position C1 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b9 and 13b10, which is 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints at position C2 refers to the pitch between slot midpoints 13b11 and 13b12, which is also 6. The pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position C1 is equal to the pitch between the two adjacent slot midpoints 13b at position C2.

[0242] Similarly, when the number of wave-wound coils is N, the positions with equal spans on the N wave-wound coils have equal pitches. That is to say, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b have the same shape.

[0243] In this way, the N wave-wound coils have the same shape, which allows the N wave-wound coils to be bent using the same tooling, thereby improving the forming efficiency and processing cycle of the wave-wound coils.

[0244] Please refer to Figures 10-12. Figure 10 shows the conductor arrangement data of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7; Figure 11 shows the conductor arrangement data of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7; and Figure 12 shows the conductor arrangement data of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7. In Figures 10-12, "+" represents current flowing into the conductor, and "-" represents current flowing out of the conductor.

[0245] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8-12, the pitch at any position within each layer of the wave-wound coil is equal. For example, in Figures 7 and 10-12, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b comprise eight layers of coils, each located within one of eight slot layers. The pitch between any two adjacent slots 13b within each layer is equal, specifically six pitches. This reduces the difficulty of forming the coils and improves the forming efficiency and processing cycle time.

[0246] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8-12, the pitch within each M-layer coil of each wave-wound coil is equal to the same preset pitch. For example, in Figures 8-12, in the 8-layer coils of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b, the pitch between the middle portions 13b of two adjacent slots is equal and equal to the preset pitch, which is 6. This reduces the molding difficulty and improves the molding efficiency and processing cycle of the wave-wound coil.

[0247] In some embodiments, the preset pitch can be equal to the pole pitch. Pole pitch refers to the distance a single pole of the motor occupies circumferentially in the stator core 11, calculated using the number of stator slots. Generally, pole pitch = number of stator slots in each group of stator slots / number of poles of the motor. For a 48-slot, 8-pole three-phase motor, the pole pitch = 48 slots / 8 poles = 6. This structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0248] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8-12, the pitch between every two adjacent coil layers within the M-layer coil is different from the preset pitch described above. This allows for a change in alignment, thereby improving the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor.

[0249] In two adjacent coil layers, the slot center 13b of one coil layer that is closest to the other coil layer is defined as the first slot center, and the slot center 13b of the other coil layer that is closest to the first coil layer is defined as the second slot center. Based on this, the pitch between two adjacent coil layers refers to the number of stator slots occupied between the first slot center and the second slot center.

[0250] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8-12, in a wave-wound coil, the difference between the pitch of the coil in the odd-slot layer and the coil in the next even-slot layer and the preset pitch is either greater than zero or less than zero. That is, in a wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil in the odd-slot layer and the coil in the next even-slot layer can be greater than the preset pitch or less than the preset pitch.

[0251] In a wave-wound coil, the difference between the pitch of the coil in the even-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next odd-numbered slot layer and the preset pitch is either greater than zero or less than zero. In other words, when the pitch between the coil in the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than the preset pitch, the pitch between the coil in the even-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the preset pitch; conversely, when the pitch between the coil in the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next even-numbered slot layer is less than the preset pitch, the pitch between the coil in the even-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next odd-numbered slot layer is greater than the preset pitch.

[0252] For example, the pitch between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is 7, while the preset pitch is 6, 7 > 6; the pitch between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is 5, while the preset pitch is 6, 5 < 6. Therefore, please refer to Figures 10-12 for details. The M-layer coils are arranged alternately and staggered in multiple slot layers, which can improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor.

[0253] In some embodiments, in the wave-wound coil, the difference between the pitch of the coil in the odd-slot layer and the coil in the next even-slot layer and the preset pitch is either +1 or -1, and the difference between the pitch of the coil in the even-slot layer and the coil in the next odd-slot layer and the preset pitch is either +1 or -1. That is, in the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil in the odd-slot layer and the coil in the next even-slot layer is 1 greater than the preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil in each even-slot layer and the coil in the next odd-slot layer is 1 less than the preset pitch. Alternatively, in the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil in the odd-slot layer and the coil in the next even-slot layer is 1 less than the preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil in each even-slot layer and the coil in the next odd-slot layer is 1 greater than the preset pitch.

[0254] In this way, the M-layer coil is alternately staggered by one stator slot in multiple slot layers, which can improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor while reducing the amount of insulation material used between the slot center 13b of the wave-wound coil and the slot center 13b of other phase wave-wound coils, thereby increasing the slot fill factor of the motor stator.

[0255] Based on any of the above embodiments, the N wave-wound coils include multi-phase wave-wound coils, which are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core 11.

[0256] In some embodiments, referring back to FIG7, the winding structure 13 may include three-phase wave-wound coils arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core 11. The three-phase wave-wound coils are U-phase wave-wound coil 131, V-phase wave-wound coil 132, and W-phase wave-wound coil 133. U-phase wave-wound coil 131 includes a first wave-wound coil 131a and a second wave-wound coil 131b, V-phase wave-wound coil 132 includes a third wave-wound coil 132a and a fourth wave-wound coil 132b, and W-phase wave-wound coil 133 includes a fifth wave-wound coil 133a and a sixth wave-wound coil 133b.

[0257] In other embodiments, the winding structure 13 may also include a two-phase wave-wound coil, a four-phase wave-wound coil, a five-phase wave-wound coil, or a six-phase wave-wound coil, etc. This embodiment is illustrated by using a three-phase wave-wound coil as the winding structure 13, which should not be considered as a special limitation of this application.

[0258] The number of winding coils for each phase wave is K. Where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2.

[0259] In some embodiments, each phase winding coil includes two winding coils, that is, K=2. For example, the U-phase winding coil includes two winding coils, a first winding coil 131a and a second winding coil 131b; the V-phase winding coil includes two winding coils, a third winding coil 132a and a fourth winding coil 132b; and the W-phase winding coil includes two winding coils, a fifth winding coil 133a and a sixth winding coil 133b.

[0260] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 7, along the circumference of the stator core 11, in two adjacent coils of the same phase, the end of one coil adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the first current input terminal, and the end adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the first current output terminal. In the other coil, the end adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the second current output terminal, and the end adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the second current input terminal. This facilitates series connection and reduces the phase difference caused by series connection.

[0261] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 8-12, along the circumference of the stator core 11, the number of stator slots occupied by two adjacent wave-wound coils of the same phase is one larger than the pole pitch of the winding structure 13. This allows multiple slots 13b of one wave-wound coil to be adjacent to multiple slots 13b of the other wave-wound coil, reserving stator slot space for installing other phase wave-wound coils, thus facilitating the formation of a multi-phase wave-wound coil system that is periodically and alternately distributed along the circumference of the stator.

[0262] The above embodiments describe the structure of the winding structure 13. The wiring method of the winding structure 13 is described below.

[0263] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 13, which is a schematic diagram of the wiring method of the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 7. The number K of the wave-wound coils in each phase is greater than or equal to 2. The K wave-wound coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch, and the three-phase series branch is connected in a star configuration. In this way, the potential of at least two wave-wound coils 131 can be balanced to avoid circulating current. Moreover, the connection method is simple and easy to implement.

[0264] Based on the above embodiments, the two winding structures 13 of the stator 10 in the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be controlled independently. Please refer to Figure 14, which is a schematic diagram of one wiring configuration for the two winding structures 13 of the stator 10 in the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2. One winding structure 13 has three phases: U phase, V phase, and W phase, while the other winding structure 13 has three phases: X phase, Y phase, and Z phase. The two winding structures 13 are wired independently, enabling independent control.

[0265] Of course, in other embodiments, please refer to Figure 15, which is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the two winding structures 13 of the stator 10 in the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2. The two winding structures 13 are connected in parallel to achieve synchronous control. This simplifies the control logic.

[0266] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrated by using a star connection for the three-phase series branches of the winding structure 13. In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 16, which is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the winding structure 13 according to some embodiments. In this embodiment, the first-phase series branch, the second-phase series branch, and the third-phase series branch are connected in a delta connection.

[0267] The above embodiments are illustrated by way of example, with the winding structure 13 including three-phase wave-wound coils. Of course, in other embodiments, the winding structure 13 may also include four-phase, five-phase, or six-phase wave-wound coils, etc. For example, please refer to Figure 17, which is a schematic diagram of another wiring configuration of the winding structure 13 according to some embodiments. In this embodiment, the N wave-wound coils include five-phase wave-wound coils, which are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core 11, with K wave-wound coils for each phase; where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. This results in better motor stability.

[0268] Based on the above, in some embodiments, the five-phase wave-wound coils are respectively the U-phase wave-wound coil, the V-phase wave-wound coil, the W-phase wave-wound coil, the X-phase wave-wound coil, and the Y-phase wave-wound coil.

[0269] In some embodiments, K is greater than or equal to 2, and the K wave-wound coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch. The series branches of the five phases are connected in a star configuration. In this way, the potential of at least two wave-wound coils 131 can be balanced, avoiding the generation of circulating current. Moreover, the connection method is simple and easy to implement.

[0270] The above embodiments are illustrated using a 48-slot, 8-pole three-phase motor as an example. In other embodiments, the motor may also be a motor with other numbers of slots or poles.

[0271] For example, please refer to Figure 18, which is an unfolded connection diagram of the winding structure 13 in a 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments. Figure 18(a) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase winding coil, Figure 18(b) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase winding coil, and Figure 18(c) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase winding coil.

[0272] The winding structure 13 includes N wave-wound coils 131, where N can be equal to 6. These 6 wave-wound coils are respectively the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b.

[0273] Each wave-wound coil includes two opposing ends and M layers of coils connecting the two ends. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0274] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG18, each wave-wound coil includes 8 layers of coil, i.e., M=8. For example, the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b each include 8 layers of coil respectively disposed in 8 slots.

[0275] The stator slot numbers for the first-wave winding coil 131a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0276] Layer 1: 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67;

[0277] Layer 2: 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0278] Layer 3: 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67;

[0279] Layer 4: 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0280] 5th floor: 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67;

[0281] Layer 6: 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0282] 7th floor: 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67;

[0283] 8th floor: 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68.

[0284] The stator slot numbers for the second-wave winding coil 131b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0285] Layer 1: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 2;

[0286] Layer 2: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 3;

[0287] Layer 3: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 2;

[0288] 4th layer: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 3;

[0289] Layer 5: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 2;

[0290] 6th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 3;

[0291] 7th floor: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 2;

[0292] 8th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 3.

[0293] The stator slot numbers for the third-wave winding coil 132a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0294] Layer 1: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0295] Layer 2: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0296] Layer 3: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0297] Layer 4: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0298] 5th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0299] 6th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0300] 7th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0301] Layer 8: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72. The stator slot numbers for the fourth wave winding coil 132b, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0302] Layer 1: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 6;

[0303] Layer 2: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 7;

[0304] Layer 3: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 6;

[0305] 4th layer: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 7;

[0306] 5th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 6;

[0307] 6th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 7;

[0308] 7th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 6;

[0309] Layer 8: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 73, 7. The stator slot numbers for the fifth wave winding coil 133a, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0310] Layer 1: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0311] Layer 2: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0312] Layer 3: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0313] Layer 4: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0314] 5th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0315] 6th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0316] 7th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0317] Layer 8: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70. The stator slot numbers for the sixth wave winding coil 133b, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0318] Layer 1: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 4;

[0319] Layer 2: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 5;

[0320] Layer 3: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 4;

[0321] 4th layer: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 5;

[0322] Layer 5: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 4;

[0323] 6th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 5;

[0324] 7th floor: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 4;

[0325] 8th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 5.

[0326] In some embodiments, referring to FIG18, within the wave-wound coil, each layer of coil is adapted to be mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot 12. For example, the slot center 13b of each layer of coil is mounted in the same slot layer of the stator slot 12.

[0327] For example, the first layer coil of the first wave winding coil 131a, the first layer coil of the second wave winding coil 131b, the first layer coil of the third wave winding coil 132a, the first layer coil of the fourth wave winding coil 132b, the first layer coil of the fifth wave winding coil 133a, and the first layer coil of the sixth wave winding coil 133b are all located in slot L1, the second layer coil is located in slot L2, the third layer coil is located in slot L3, the fourth layer coil is located in slot L4, the fifth layer coil is located in slot L5, the sixth layer coil is located in slot L6, the seventh layer coil is located in slot L7, and the eighth layer coil is located in slot L8.

[0328] In this way, the next layer of coil can be wound after the first layer of coil is completed, which can reduce the complexity of the winding process of the coil in the stator slot.

[0329] Please refer to Figures 19-23. Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 18. Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 18. Figure 21 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 18. Figure 22 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 18. Figure 23 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 18. In Figures 21-23, "+" represents current flowing into the conductor, and "-" represents current flowing out of the conductor.

[0330] In related technologies, the stator winding structure is complex, and potential imbalances can easily occur between multiple winding coils, affecting the efficiency of the motor.

[0331] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the stator 10 may include a stator core 11 and at least one set of stator slots disposed on the stator core 11. Each set of stator slots includes a plurality of stator slots 12 arranged sequentially along the rotation axis O surrounding the rotor 20. The stator core 11 has a first surface S1 and a second surface S2 facing away from each other. The first surface S1 faces one rotor 20, and the second surface S2 faces the other rotor 20. The slot opening of the stator slot 12 in at least one set of stator slots is located on the first surface S1 and extends from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2, or the slot opening of the stator slot 12 in at least one set of stator slots is located on the second surface S2 and extends from the second surface S2 to the first surface S1.

[0332] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The number of stator slots is two sets. In one set of stator slots, the slot opening of the stator slot 12 is located on the first surface S1 and extends from the first surface S1 to the second surface S2. In the other set of stator slots, the slot opening of the stator slot 12 is located on the second surface S2 and extends from the second surface S2 to the first surface S1. The part of the stator core 11 located between the two sets of stator slots is the stator yoke 14.

[0333] Referring to Figure 5, the winding structure 13 may include N wave-wound coils. Here, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2. The N wave-wound coils can constitute a multi-phase wave-wound coil. In some embodiments, the winding structure 13 may include a three-phase wave-wound coil, namely a U-phase wave-wound coil, a V-phase wave-wound coil, and a W-phase wave-wound coil. In other embodiments, the winding structure 13 may also include a two-phase wave-wound coil, a four-phase wave-wound coil, a five-phase wave-wound coil, or a six-phase wave-wound coil, etc. This embodiment uses a three-phase wave-wound coil as an example for illustration, which should not be considered a special limitation of this application.

[0334] The number of wave-wound coils per phase is at least two. Each wave-wound coil includes an outer ring end 13a, a slot middle portion 13b, and an inner ring end 13c. The outer ring end 13a is wound on the outer circumference of the stator core 11, which refers to the side of the stator core 11 whose outer circumferential surface S4 faces away from the inner circumferential surface S3 in Figure 2. The inner ring end 13c is wound on the inner circumferential surface of the stator core 11, which refers to the side of the stator core 11 whose inner circumferential surface S3 faces away from the outer circumferential surface S4 in Figure 2. The slot middle portion 13b is located in the stator slot 12. The wave-wound coil includes M layers of coils connected sequentially along the depth direction of the stator slot 12. Here, M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1. The slot middle portions 13b of the M layers of coils are located in multiple slot layers of the stator slot.

[0335] The wave-wound coil can be a winding wire extending in a wavy shape as shown in Figure 6. This winding wire can be any form of flat wire-like winding, such as a flat wire, or a flat wire-like winding pre-woven from several round wires according to a certain pattern. This embodiment uses a single flat wire as an example, which can improve the slot fill factor of the motor. The slot fill factor is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the conductor in a specified sub-slot 12 to the effective area of ​​the stator slot 12. The higher the slot fill factor, the higher the efficiency of the motor. In other embodiments, the wave-wound coil can also be a square wire, round wire, polygonal wire, or Litz wire, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0336] In related technologies, the winding structure 13 in the stator 10 has a complex structure, and potential imbalances are prone to occur between the winding coils, resulting in circulating currents between the winding coils and affecting the efficiency of the motor.

[0337] To address the aforementioned issues, this application designs the two wave-wound coils such that at least one layer of coil is transposed at least once, thereby ensuring the potential balance of the two wave-wound coils and preventing the generation of circulating current.

[0338] The technical solution of this application will be described in detail below, taking a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor as an example.

[0339] Please refer to Figure 24, which is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the winding structure 13 in a 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments. Figure 24(a) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the U-phase winding coil, Figure 24(b) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the V-phase winding coil, and Figure 24(c) is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the W-phase winding coil.

[0340] The winding structure 13 includes N wave-wound coils, each wave-wound coil having M layers of coils. Wherein, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0341] The N wave-wound coils include a first wave-wound coil 131a and a second wave-wound coil 131b arranged circumferentially along the stator core 11.

[0342] In some embodiments, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can be in-phase wave-wound coils. For example, both the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can be U-phase wave-wound coils. For instance, the first wave-wound coil 131a can be a U1-phase wave-wound coil, and the second wave-wound coil 131b can be a U2-phase wave-wound coil. Of course, in other embodiments, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can also be V-phase wave-wound coils or W-phase wave-wound coils, etc. The embodiments described below are exemplified by the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b being both U-phase wave-wound coils, which should not be considered as a special limitation of this application.

[0343] The number of U-phase wave winding coils can be two as shown in Figure 24, or more than two. This application embodiment uses two U-phase wave winding coils, and the two U-phase wave winding coils are respectively the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b mentioned above, as an example for illustration. This should not be regarded as a special limitation on this application.

[0344] In some embodiments, along the circumferential direction of the stator core 11, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can be arranged adjacently or spaced apart. When the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are spaced apart, other wave-wound coils of the same phase can be arranged between the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b. This application embodiment is illustrated by exemplifying the adjacent arrangement of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b, which should not be considered a special limitation imposed on this application.

[0345] Please refer to Figures 25 and 26. Figure 25 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24, and Figure 26 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24. Also refer to Figures 27-29. Figure 27 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24, Figure 28 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24, and Figure 29 is a conductor arrangement diagram of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24. In Figures 27-29, "+" represents current flowing into the conductor, and "-" represents current flowing out of the conductor.

[0346] The first-wave winding coil 131a and the second-wave winding coil 131b both include M layers of coils, each layer of coil being arranged around the stator core 11.

[0347] Referring to Figures 25-29, the number of coil layers in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can be 8. In other embodiments, the number of coil layers in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b can also be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, etc. The embodiments in this application are exemplified by having 8 coil layers in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b, which should not be considered as a special limitation on the number of wave-wound coils.

[0348] The stator slot numbers for the first-wave winding coil 131a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0349] Level 1 (L1): 1, 7, 13, 19, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0350] Level 2 (L2): 2, 8, 14, 20, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0351] Level 3 (L3): 1, 7, 13, 19, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0352] Level 4 (L4): 2, 8, 14, 20, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0353] Level 5 (L5): 1, 7, 13, 19, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0354] Level 6 (L6): 2, 8, 14, 20, 27, 33, 39, 45;

[0355] Level 7 (L7): 1, 7, 13, 19, 26, 32, 38, 44;

[0356] Level 8 (L8): 2, 8, 14, 20, 27, 33, 39, 45.

[0357] The stator slot numbers for the second-wave winding coil 131b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0358] Layer 1: 8, 14, 20, 25, 31, 37, 43, 2;

[0359] Layer 2: 9, 15, 21, 26, 32, 38, 44, 3;

[0360] Layer 3: 8, 14, 20, 25, 31, 37, 43, 2;

[0361] 4th layer: 9, 15, 21, 26, 32, 38, 44, 3;

[0362] 5th floor: 8, 14, 20, 25, 31, 37, 43, 2;

[0363] 6th floor: 9, 15, 21, 26, 32, 38, 44, 3;

[0364] 7th floor: 8, 14, 20, 25, 31, 37, 43, 2;

[0365] 8th floor: 9, 15, 21, 26, 32, 38, 44, 3.

[0366] Along the circumference of the stator core, the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the first wave winding 131a is located are on either side of the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the second wave winding 131b is located. For example, referring to Figure 24(a), the two adjacent stator slots (slots 19 and 26) where the first layer of the first wave winding 131a is located are on either side of the two adjacent stator slots (slots 20 and 25) where the first layer of the second wave winding 131b is located. … The two adjacent stator slots (slots 20 and 27) where the eighth layer of the first wave winding 131a is located are on either side of the two adjacent stator slots (slots 21 and 26) where the eighth layer of the second wave winding 131b is located.

[0367] In this way, along the circumference of the stator core 11, the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b are designed to have at least one layer of coil transposition at least once, so as to ensure the potential balance of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b and avoid generating circulating current, thereby ensuring the efficiency of the motor to a certain extent.

[0368] The first-wave winding coil 131a and the second-wave winding coil 131b can be interchanged at the ends of each layer of coils or at the middle of each layer of coils.

[0369] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 24(a), the middle position of at least one layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a is designated as the first middle position A, and the middle position of at least one layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b is designated as the second middle position B. Along the circumference of the stator core 11, at least two adjacent stator slots at the first middle position A are located on either side of at least two adjacent stator slots at the second middle position B. This transposition of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b at the middle of each layer of coil ensures potential balance and avoids circulating current.

[0370] In some embodiments, along the circumferential direction of the stator core 11, at least one first central position A and at least one second central position B are at the same position. Thus, the distances between two adjacent stator slots at the first central position A and two adjacent stator slots at the second central position B are equal on the left and right.

[0371] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to (a) in Figure 24, M is greater than or equal to 2, the number of coil layers of the first wave winding coil 131a is equal to the number of coil layers of the second wave winding coil 131b, and the M-layer coils of the first wave winding coil 131a correspond one-to-one with the M-layer coils of the second wave winding coil 131b.

[0372] For example, referring to Figures 25-29, both the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b include multiple layers of coils, such as 8 layers. The number of wave-wound coils in the first wave-wound coil 131a is equal to the number of wave-wound coils in the second wave-wound coil 131b, for example, both are 8. The multiple layers of coils in the first wave-wound coil 131a correspond one-to-one with the multiple layers of coils in the second wave-wound coil 131b. For example: the first layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the first layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the second layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the second layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the third layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the third layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the fourth layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the fourth layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the fifth layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the fifth layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the sixth layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the sixth layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; the seventh layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the seventh layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b; and the eighth layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a corresponds to the eighth layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b.

[0373] Along the circumference of the stator core 11, the two adjacent stator slots where each layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a is located are on both sides of the two adjacent stator slots where the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b is located.

[0374] In this way, each layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b undergo at least one commutation, which can ensure potential balance and avoid circulating current.

[0375] In some embodiments, each layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a has a first middle position A, which refers to the position in the wave-wound coil of the first wave-wound coil 131a located between the two ends of the wave-wound coil, such as positions A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7 and A8 in Figures 24 and 25.

[0376] Each corresponding wave-wound coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b has a second middle position B. The second middle position B refers to the position in the corresponding wave-wound coil of the second wave-wound coil 131b located between the two ends of the corresponding wave-wound coil, such as positions B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7 and B8 in Figures 24 and 26.

[0377] In the first wave winding coil 131a, the first middle position A of each layer of coils is located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11 as the corresponding middle position B of the second wave winding coil 131b. For example, positions A1 and B1 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A2 and B2 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A3 and B3 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A4 and B4 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A5 and B5 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A6 and B6 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, positions A7 and B7 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11, and positions A8 and B8 are located at the same position on the circumference of the stator core 11.

[0378] The two adjacent stator slots at the first central position A are located on either side of the two adjacent stator slots at the second central position B.

[0379] In this way, each layer of coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave winding coil 131b undergo at least one commutation in the middle, which can ensure potential balance and avoid circulating current.

[0380] Based on the above embodiments, for the convenience of describing the embodiments below, the two adjacent stator slots where each layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a is located are defined as the first stator slots, and the two adjacent stator slots where each layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b is located are defined as the second stator slots.

[0381] Based on this, the number of stator slots y1 that are crossed between two adjacent first stator slots in the M-layer coil of the first-wave winding coil 131a is equal, and the number of stator slots y2 that are crossed between two adjacent second stator slots in the M-layer coil of the second-wave winding coil 131b is equal. This results in a simple structure that is easy to manufacture.

[0382] In some embodiments, referring specifically to Figures 24(a) and 25-26, the M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the first wave-wound coil 131a are respectively adapted to be installed one-to-one with multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slot 12. Similarly, the M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the second wave-wound coil 131b are respectively adapted to be installed one-to-one with multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slot 12. This allows the next layer of the first wave-wound coil 131a to be wound after the first layer of the first wave-wound coil 131a has been wound, and the next layer of the second wave-wound coil 131b to be wound after the first layer of the second wave-wound coil 131b has been wound. This reduces the complexity of the unwinding process of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b in the stator slots. Moreover, the winding line between the two adjacent layers of coils, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b, is shorter, resulting in a compact structure and lower cost.

[0383] In some embodiments, referring specifically to Figure 24(a) and Figures 25-26, each layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b are adapted to be installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot. For example, the first layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the corresponding first layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L1); the second layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the corresponding second layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L2); the third layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the corresponding third layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L3); the fourth layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a and the corresponding fourth layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L4). The 5th layer coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding 5th layer coil in the second wave winding coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L5); the 6th layer coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding 6th layer coil in the second wave winding coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L6); the 7th layer coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding 7th layer coil in the second wave winding coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L7); the 8th layer coil in the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding 8th layer coil in the second wave winding coil 131b are installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (e.g., slot L8).

[0384] In this way, after the first layer of coil of the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding layer of coil of the second wave winding coil 131b are wound, the next layer of coil of the first wave winding coil 131a and the corresponding next layer of coil of the second wave winding coil 131b can be wound, which can reduce the complexity of the unwinding process of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b in the stator slot.

[0385] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 25, the number of stator slots y1 can be greater than the pole pitch y0. Pole pitch y0 refers to the distance occupied by one pole of the motor in the circumferential direction of the stator core, measured in slots. Generally, pole pitch y0 = number of stator slots / number of poles. For a 48-slot, 8-pole three-phase motor, the pole pitch y0 = 48 / 8 = 6. For example, if the number of stator slots y1 is 7, then 7 > 6. This structure is simple.

[0386] In some embodiments, the number of stator slots y1 = y0 + 1. For example, referring to Figures 25-29, if y0 = 6, then the pitch y1 = 7.

[0387] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 25, along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave-wound coil 131a, the pitch y3 between the coils of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coils of the next even-numbered slot layer is equal to the pole pitch y0. The pitch y, also known as the span, refers to the number of stator slots spanned between the middle portions 13b of two adjacent slots along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil. For example, if the pole pitch y0 = 6, the pitch y3 between the first slot layer coil and the second slot layer coil is 6, and the pitch y3 = pole pitch y0.

[0388] It should be noted that the pitch between two adjacent coil layers described in this embodiment and the embodiments below refers to the pitch between the middle part 13b of the slot closest to the other coil layer and the middle part 13b of the slot closest to the first coil layer along the extension direction of the coil.

[0389] This reduces the structural complexity of the winding structure and makes the winding structure easier to process and manufacture.

[0390] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 25. Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave-wound coil 131a, the pitch y4 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the wave-wound coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is y0 - 2 × (y1 - y0). For example, if y0 = 6 and y1 = 7, then y4 = 6 - 2(7 - 6) = 4.

[0391] This compensates for the phase difference caused by the pitch y1 between the odd-numbered layers of coils and the next even-numbered layers of coils being greater than the pole pitch y0 in the first-wave winding coil 131a, thereby improving potential balance and reducing circulating current. Moreover, in the first-wave winding coil 131a, the multiple layers of coils are arranged alternately and staggered in multiple slot layers, which can improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor.

[0392] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 25, in the first wave winding coil 131a, the pitch of each layer of coil, except for the portion located in two adjacent first stator slots, is equal to the first preset pitch. This simplifies the structural complexity of the winding structure 13 and reduces the difficulty of processing.

[0393] In some embodiments, please continue to refer to Figure 25, the first preset pitch can be equal to the pole pitch y0. This ensures smooth operation.

[0394] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 26, the number of stator slots y2 can be less than the pole pitch y0. For example, the number of stator slots y2 is equal to 5, where 5 < 6. This structure is simple.

[0395] In some embodiments, referring to FIG26, in the second wave winding coil 131b, each layer of coil is also located in two adjacent third stator slots, such as slots 43 and 2 where the first, third, fifth, and seventh layer coils are located, and slots 44 and 3 where the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth layer coils are located. The third stator slots and the second stator slots are arranged circumferentially along the stator core 11. The middle part of the slot located in the third stator slot is marked as slot middle 13b1. The number of stator slots y5 spanned between two adjacent third stator slots is greater than the pole pitch y0.

[0396] In this way, the phase difference caused by the number of stator slots y2 spanned between two adjacent second stator slots in each layer of the coil 131b can be compensated, thereby improving the potential balance and reducing the circulating current.

[0397] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 26-29, the number of stator slots y5 = y0 + (y0 - y2) = 2 × y0 - y2. In this way, the phase difference caused by the number of stator slots y2 spanned between two adjacent second stator slots in each layer of the coil 131b is less than the pole pitch y0 can be effectively compensated, thereby improving the potential balance and reducing the circulating current.

[0398] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 26-29, in the second wave winding coil 131b, the pitch of all portions within each layer of the coil, except for those located in two adjacent second stator slots and two adjacent third stator slots, is equal to the second preset pitch. This results in a simple winding structure that is easy to manufacture.

[0399] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 26-29, the second preset pitch can be equal to the pole pitch y0. This ensures smooth operation.

[0400] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 26-29, in the second-wave winding coil 131b along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, the pitch y6 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than the pole pitch y0. The pitch y7 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0. In this way, in the second-wave winding coil 131b, the multi-layered coils are arranged alternately and staggered in multiple slot layers, which can improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor.

[0401] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 26 and Tables 1-3, the pitch y6 = y0 - 1, and the pitch y7 = y0 + 1. For example, when y0 = 6, y6 = 7 slots and y7 = 5 slots. In this way, the multilayer coils are alternately staggered by one stator slot in multiple slot layers, which can improve the sinusoidal characteristics of the motor while reducing the amount of insulation material used between the slot center 13b of the second wave winding coil 131b and the slot center 13b of other phase wave winding coils, thereby improving the slot fill factor of the motor stator core.

[0402] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 25-29, the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b are arranged adjacent to each other along the circumference of the stator core 11. The number of stator slots y1 = y0 + 1, and the number of stator slots y2 = y0 - 1. For example, the number of stator slots y1 = 7, and the number of stator slots y2 = 5. This structure is simple and facilitates commutation.

[0403] In some embodiments, referring to FIG24, along the circumference of the stator core 11, the end of the first coil 131a adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the first current input terminal, and the end adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the first current output terminal. The end of the second coil 131b adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the second current output terminal, and the end adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the second current input terminal. This ensures potential balance and reduces circulating current.

[0404] In some embodiments, referring to FIG24, along the circumferential direction of the stator core 11, the number of stator slots y8 occupied between the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the first wave-wound coil 131a and the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the second wave-wound coil 131b is greater than the pole pitch y0. In this way, potential balance can be guaranteed and circulating current can be reduced.

[0405] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 24, the number of stator slots y8 is one larger than the pole pitch. That is, y8 = y0 + 1. This ensures potential balance and reduces circulating current.

[0406] The above embodiments describe the structure of the first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b. The following describes the other wave winding coils in the winding structure 13 and the wiring method of the winding structure 13.

[0407] Please refer to Figure 24. The winding structure 13 also includes a third wave coil 132a, a fourth wave coil 132b, a fifth wave coil 133a, and a sixth wave coil 133b. The third wave coil 132a and the fifth wave coil 133a have the same shape as the first wave coil 131a, and the fourth wave coil 132b and the sixth wave coil 133b have the same shape as the second wave coil 131b. Along the circumference of the stator core 11, the first wave coil 131a, the second wave coil 131b, the third wave coil 132a, the fourth wave coil 132b, the fifth wave coil 133a, and the sixth wave coil 133b are arranged sequentially. This structure is simple, and the winding structure can be formed using only two shapes of wave wire, which reduces the processing difficulty of the winding structure.

[0408] In some embodiments, referring to FIG24, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are first-phase wave-wound coils. The third wave-wound coil 132a and the fourth wave-wound coil 132b are second-phase wave-wound coils. The fifth wave-wound coil 133a and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are third-phase wave-wound coils. The first-phase wave-wound coil, the second-phase wave-wound coil, and the third-phase wave-wound coil are respectively a U-phase wave-wound coil, a V-phase wave-wound coil, and a W-phase wave-wound coil. In some embodiments, the first-phase wave-wound coil is a U-phase wave-wound coil, the second-phase wave-wound coil is a V-phase wave-wound coil, and the third-phase wave-wound coil is a W-phase wave-wound coil. Of course, in other embodiments, the first-phase wave-wound coil can also be a V-phase wave-wound coil or a W-phase wave-wound coil. The second-phase wave-wound coil can also be a U-phase wave-wound coil or a W-phase wave-wound coil. The third-phase wave-wound coil can also be a U-phase wave-wound coil or a V-phase wave-wound coil. This forms a three-phase winding structure, which is simple and easy to implement.

[0409] The stator slot numbers for the third-wave winding coil 132a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0410] Layer 1: 5, 11, 17, 23, 30, 36, 42, 48;

[0411] Layer 2: 6, 12, 18, 24, 31, 37, 43, 1;

[0412] Layer 3: 5, 11, 17, 23, 30, 36, 42, 48;

[0413] Layer 4: 6, 12, 18, 24, 31, 37, 43, 1;

[0414] 5th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 30, 36, 42, 48;

[0415] 6th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 31, 37, 43, 1;

[0416] 7th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 30, 36, 42, 48;

[0417] 8th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 31, 37, 43, 1.

[0418] The stator slot numbers for the fourth wave winding coil 132b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0419] Layer 1: 12, 18, 24, 29, 35, 41, 47, 6;

[0420] Layer 2: 13, 19, 25, 30, 36, 42, 48, 7;

[0421] Layer 3: 12, 18, 24, 29, 35, 41, 47, 6;

[0422] 4th layer: 13, 19, 25, 30, 36, 42, 48, 7;

[0423] 5th floor: 12, 18, 24, 29, 35, 41, 47, 6;

[0424] 6th floor: 13, 19, 25, 30, 36, 42, 48, 7;

[0425] 7th floor: 12, 18, 24, 29, 35, 41, 47, 6;

[0426] 8th floor: 13, 19, 25, 30, 36, 42, 48, 7.

[0427] The stator slot numbers for the fifth wave winding coil 133a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0428] Layer 1: 3, 9, 15, 21, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0429] Layer 2: 4, 10, 16, 22, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0430] Layer 3: 3, 9, 15, 21, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0431] 4th layer: 4, 10, 16, 22, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0432] 5th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0433] 6th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 29, 35, 41, 47;

[0434] 7th floor: 3, 9, 15, 21, 28, 34, 40, 46;

[0435] 8th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 29, 35, 41, 47.

[0436] The stator slot numbers for the sixth wave winding coil 133b, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0437] Layer 1: 10, 16, 22, 27, 33, 39, 45, 4;

[0438] Layer 2: 11, 17, 23, 28, 34, 40, 46, 5;

[0439] Layer 3: 10, 16, 22, 27, 33, 39, 45, 4;

[0440] 4th layer: 11, 17, 23, 28, 34, 40, 46, 5;

[0441] 5th floor: 10, 16, 22, 27, 33, 39, 45, 4;

[0442] 6th floor: 11, 17, 23, 28, 34, 40, 46, 5;

[0443] 7th floor: 10, 16, 22, 27, 33, 39, 45, 4;

[0444] 8th floor: 11, 17, 23, 28, 34, 40, 46, 5.

[0445] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 30, which is a schematic diagram of one wiring method for the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24. The first wave winding coil 131a and the second wave winding coil 131b are connected in parallel to form a first parallel branch. The third wave winding coil 132a and the fourth wave winding coil 132b are connected in parallel to form a second parallel branch. The fifth wave winding coil 133a and the sixth wave winding coil 133b are connected in parallel to form a third parallel branch. The first parallel branch, the second parallel branch, and the third parallel branch are connected in a star configuration. This structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0446] In some other embodiments, please refer to Figure 31, which is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 24. The first wave winding coil 131a, the third wave winding coil 132a, and the fifth wave winding coil 133a are connected in a star configuration to form a first star circuit, and the second wave winding coil 131b, the fourth wave winding coil 132b, and the sixth wave winding coil 133b are connected in a star configuration to form a second star circuit. The first star circuit and the second star circuit are connected in parallel. This structure is convenient for connection.

[0447] Based on the above, please refer to Figure 32, which is a schematic diagram of the wiring configuration of the two winding structures 13 of the stator 10 in the motor 100 shown in Figures 1 and 2. The four star circuits of the two winding structures 13 are connected in parallel to achieve synchronous control. This simplifies the control logic.

[0448] It should be noted that the above embodiments are exemplified by using a star connection for the three-phase wave-wound coils of winding structure 13. In other embodiments, please refer to Figure 33, which is a schematic diagram of another wiring method for winding structure 13 according to some embodiments. In this embodiment, the first parallel branch, the second parallel branch, and the third parallel branch are connected in a delta connection. This structure is simple and easy to implement.

[0449] The above embodiments are illustrated by way of example, with the winding structure 13 including a three-phase wave-wound coil. Of course, in other embodiments, the winding structure 13 may also include a four-phase wave-wound coil, a five-phase wave-wound coil, or a six-phase wave-wound coil, etc. This application does not limit this.

[0450] For example, the winding structure also includes a seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth wave-wound coil. The seventh and ninth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the first wave-wound coil 131a, and the eighth and tenth wave-wound coils have the same shape as the second wave-wound coil 131b. Along the circumference of the stator core 11, the first wave-wound coil 131a, the second wave-wound coil 131b, the third wave-wound coil 132a, the fourth wave-wound coil 132b, the fifth wave-wound coil 133a, the sixth wave-wound coil 133b, the seventh wave-wound coil, the eighth wave-wound coil, the ninth wave-wound coil, and the tenth wave-wound coil are arranged sequentially. This structure is simple, and the winding structure can be formed using only two shapes of wave-wound wire, which can reduce the processing difficulty of the winding structure.

[0451] In some embodiments, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are first-phase wave-wound coils. The third wave-wound coil 132a and the fourth wave-wound coil 132b are second-phase wave-wound coils. The fifth wave-wound coil 133a and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are third-phase wave-wound coils. The seventh and eighth wave-wound coils are fourth-phase wave-wound coils. The ninth and tenth wave-wound coils are fifth-phase wave-wound coils. The first-phase wave-wound coil, the second-phase wave-wound coil, the third-phase wave-wound coil, the fourth-phase wave-wound coil, and the fifth-phase wave-wound coil are respectively the U-phase wave-wound coil, the V-phase wave-wound coil, the W-phase wave-wound coil, the X-phase wave-wound coil, and the Y-phase wave-wound coil.

[0452] In some embodiments, the first wave-wound coil 131a and the second wave-wound coil 131b are connected in parallel to form a first-phase parallel branch. The third wave-wound coil 132a and the fourth wave-wound coil 132b are connected in parallel to form a second-phase parallel branch. The fifth wave-wound coil 133a and the sixth wave-wound coil 133b are connected in parallel to form a third-phase parallel branch. The seventh wave-wound coil and the eighth wave-wound coil are connected in parallel to form a fourth-phase parallel branch. The ninth wave-wound coil and the tenth wave-wound coil are connected in parallel to form a fifth-phase parallel branch. The first-phase parallel branch, the second-phase parallel branch, the third-phase parallel branch, the fourth-phase parallel branch, and the fifth-phase parallel branch are connected in a star configuration.

[0453] The above embodiments are illustrated using a 48-slot, 8-pole three-phase motor as an example. In other embodiments, the motor may also be a motor with other numbers of slots or poles.

[0454] For example, please refer to Figure 34, which is an unfolded connection diagram of the winding structure 13 in a 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor according to some embodiments. In Figure 34, (a) is the U-phase winding coil, (b) is the V-phase winding coil, and (c) is the W-phase winding coil.

[0455] The winding structure 13 includes N wave-wound coils, each with M layers of coils. The N wave-wound coils include first wave-wound coils 131a and second wave-wound coils 131b arranged circumferentially along the stator core 11. Along the circumferential direction of the stator core 11, at least one layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil 131a is located on either side of two adjacent stator slots, which are also adjacent to at least one layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil 131b. Here, N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

[0456] The winding structure 13 provided in this application has the following configuration: along the circumference of the stator core 11, the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the first-wave winding coil 131a is located are situated on either side of the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the second-wave winding coil 131b is located. Thus, along the circumference of the stator core 11, the first-wave winding coil 131a and the second-wave winding coil 131b are designed such that at least one layer of coil is interchanged at least once. This ensures potential balance between the first-wave winding coil 131a and the second-wave winding coil 131b, avoids circulating current, and thereby guarantees motor efficiency to a certain extent.

[0457] Please refer to Figures 35 and 36. Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the first wave winding coil 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 34, and Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of the unfolded structure of the second wave winding coil 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 34.

[0458] Please refer to Figures 37-39. Figure 37 shows the conductor arrangement data for the first wave winding 131a in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 34; Figure 38 shows the conductor arrangement data for the second wave winding 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 34; and Figure 39 shows the conductor arrangement data for the first wave winding 131a and the second wave winding 131b in the winding structure 13 shown in Figure 34. In Figures 37-39, "+" represents current flowing into the conductor, and "-" represents current flowing out of the conductor.

[0459] The stator slot numbers for the first-wave winding coil 131a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0460] Level 1 (L1): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0461] Level 2 (L2): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0462] Layer 3 (L3): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0463] Level 4 (L4): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0464] Level 5 (L5): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0465] Level 6 (L6): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69;

[0466] Level 7 (L7): 1, 7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68;

[0467] Level 8 (L8): 2, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69.

[0468] The stator slot numbers for the second-wave winding coil 131b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0469] Layer 1: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 2;

[0470] Layer 2: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 3;

[0471] Layer 3: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 2;

[0472] 4th layer: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 3;

[0473] 5th floor: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 2;

[0474] 6th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 3;

[0475] 7th floor: 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 37, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 2;

[0476] 8th floor: 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 38, 44, 50, 56, 62, 68, 3.

[0477] The stator slot numbers for the third-wave winding coil 132a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0478] Layer 1: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0479] Layer 2: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 1;

[0480] Layer 3: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0481] Layer 4: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 1;

[0482] 5th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0483] 6th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 1;

[0484] 7th floor: 5, 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72;

[0485] 8th floor: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 43, 49, 55, 61, 67, 1.

[0486] The stator slot numbers for the fourth wave winding coil 132b, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0487] Layer 1: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 6;

[0488] Layer 2: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 7;

[0489] Layer 3: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 6;

[0490] 4th layer: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 7;

[0491] 5th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 6;

[0492] 6th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 7;

[0493] 7th floor: 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71, 6;

[0494] 8th floor: 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, 42, 48, 54, 60, 66, 72, 7.

[0495] The stator slot numbers for the fifth wave winding coil 133a, from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0496] Layer 1: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0497] Layer 2: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0498] Layer 3: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0499] Layer 4: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0500] Layer 5: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0501] 6th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71;

[0502] Layer 7: 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70;

[0503] 8th floor: 4, 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 41, 47, 53, 59, 65, 71.

[0504] The stator slot numbers for the sixth wave winding coil 133b, wound from layer 1 to layer 8, are as follows:

[0505] Layer 1: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 4;

[0506] Layer 2: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 5;

[0507] Layer 3: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 4;

[0508] 4th layer: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 5;

[0509] 5th floor: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 4;

[0510] 6th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 5;

[0511] 7th floor: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 4;

[0512] 8th floor: 11, 17, 23, 29, 35, 40, 46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 5.

[0513] The specific implementation of the winding structure 13 in the 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor provided in this application is the same as the specific implementation of the winding structure 13 in the 48-slot 8-pole three-phase motor described above. This application will not elaborate on the structure and wiring method of the winding structure 13 in the 72-slot 12-pole three-phase motor.

[0514] This application also provides a powertrain, which includes the motor 100 described above.

[0515] In some embodiments, the powertrain further includes a transmission, with the electric motor connected to the transmission via a shaft.

[0516] Referring to FIG40, this application also provides a vehicle 1000, which includes the motor 100 described above or the powertrain described in the above embodiments to provide power to the wheels of the vehicle 1000.

[0517] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0518] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A stator (10) comprising a stator core (11) and a winding structure (13) adapted to be wound around stator slots (12) of the stator core (11), wherein, The winding structure (13) includes N wave-wound coils, and each of the N wave-wound coils is provided with M layers of coils; Where N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2, and M is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

2. The stator (10) according to claim 1, wherein each layer of coil in the M-layer coil is adapted to be installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot (12).

3. The stator (10) according to claim 2, wherein The number of layers of the M-layer coils of the N wave-wound coils is equal, and the M-layer coils of the N wave-wound coils correspond to each other. The coils of the corresponding layers of the N wave-wound coils are suitable for installation in the same slot layer of the stator slot (12).

4. The stator (10) according to claim 3, wherein The M layers of coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the wave-wound coil correspond one-to-one with the M slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer in the stator slot (12).

5. The stator (10) according to claim 4, wherein The N wave-wound coils are arranged circumferentially along the stator core (11).

6. The stator (10) of claim 5, wherein The N winding coils constitute a multi-phase winding coil, which is arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core (11). The number of each phase winding coil in the multi-phase winding coil is K. Where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

7. The stator (10) of claim 6, wherein The K is greater than or equal to 2.

8. The stator (10) according to claim 7, wherein Along the circumference of the stator core (11), among two adjacent wave-wound coils in the same phase, the end of the coil in the lowest slot adjacent to one wave-wound coil is the first current input terminal, and the end of the coil in the highest slot adjacent to one wave-wound coil is the first current output terminal. The end of the coil in the lowest slot adjacent to the other wave-wound coil is the second current output terminal, and the end of the coil in the highest slot adjacent to one wave-wound coil is the second current input terminal.

9. The stator (10) according to claim 7 or 8, wherein Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the number of stator slots occupied between two adjacent wave-wound coils in the same phase is one larger than the pole pitch of the winding structure (13).

10. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 2-9, wherein, The N wave-wound coils are all the same shape.

11. The stator (10) according to claim 10, wherein In each of the wave-wound coils, the pitch is equal at any position within each layer of coil.

12. The stator (10) according to claim 11, wherein In each of the wave-wound coils, the pitch within the M-layer coil is equal to the same preset pitch.

13. The stator (10) of claim 12, wherein, The preset pitch is equal to the pole pitch.

14. The stator (10) according to claim 12 or 13, wherein Within the M-layer coil, the pitch between each pair of adjacent coil layers is different from the preset pitch.

15. The stator (10) according to claim 14, wherein In the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than the preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the preset pitch.

16. The stator (10) of claim 14, wherein In the wave-wound coil, the pitch between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is less than the preset pitch, and the pitch between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is greater than the preset pitch.

17. The stator (10) according to claim 15 or 16, wherein In the wave-wound coil, the absolute value of the difference between the pitch of the coil in the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next even-numbered slot layer and the preset pitch is 1, and the absolute value of the difference between the pitch of the coil in the even-numbered slot layer and the coil in the next odd-numbered slot layer and the preset pitch is 1.

18. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 2-17, wherein, The N wave-wound coils constitute a three-phase wave-wound coil, which are U-phase wave-wound coil, V-phase wave-wound coil and W-phase wave-wound coil respectively. The three-phase wave-wound coils are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core (11), and the number of each phase wave-wound coil in the three-phase wave-wound coil is K. Where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

19. The stator (10) of claim 18, wherein K is greater than or equal to 2, and the K wave-wound coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch. The series branch of the three-phase wave-wound coils is connected in a star or delta configuration.

20. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 2-19, wherein, The N wave-wound coils constitute a five-phase wave-wound coil, which are U-phase wave-wound coil, V-phase wave-wound coil, W-phase wave-wound coil, X-phase wave-wound coil and Y-phase wave-wound coil. The five-phase wave-wound coils are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the stator core (11), and the number of each phase wave-wound coil in the five-phase wave-wound coil is K. Where K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1.

21. The stator (10) of claim 20, wherein, K is greater than or equal to 2, and the K wave-wound coils of each phase are connected in series to form a series branch. The series branches of the five-phase wave-wound coils are connected in a star configuration.

22. The stator (10) of claim 1, wherein, The wave-wound coil includes a first wave-wound coil (131a) and a second wave-wound coil (131b) arranged circumferentially along the stator core (11); Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the first wave-wound coil (131a) is located are on both sides of the two adjacent stator slots where at least one layer of the second wave-wound coil is located.

23. The stator (10) of claim 22, wherein The middle position of the at least one layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil (131a) is the first middle position, and the middle position of the at least one layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil is the second middle position. Along the circumference of the stator core (11), at least one of the two adjacent stator slots at the first central position is located on both sides of at least one of the two adjacent stator slots at the second central position.

24. The stator (10) according to claim 23, wherein Along the circumference of the stator core (11), at least one of the first central positions and at least one of the second central positions are at the same position.

25. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 22-24, wherein, M is greater than or equal to 2, the number of coil layers of the first wave-wound coil (131a) is equal to the number of coil layers of the second wave-wound coil (131b), and the M-layer coils of the first wave-wound coil (131a) correspond one-to-one with the M-layer coils of the second wave-wound coil (131b). Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the two adjacent stator slots where each layer of coil in the first wave-wound coil (131a) is located are on both sides of the two adjacent stator slots where the corresponding layer of coil in the second wave-wound coil is located.

26. The stator (10) of claim 25, wherein In the first wave-wound coil (131a), the two adjacent stator slots in each layer of coil are the first stator slots, and the number of stator slots y1 that are crossed between two adjacent first stator slots in the M layers of coil in the first wave-wound coil (131a) are all equal; In the second wave-wound coil (131b), the two adjacent stator slots in each layer of coil are the second stator slots, and the number of stator slots y2 that are crossed between two adjacent second stator slots in the M layers of coil in the second wave-wound coil (131b) are all equal.

27. The stator (10) of claim 26, wherein The M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the first wave-wound coil (131a) are respectively adapted to be installed in the stator slots in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer. The M-layer coils arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the second wave-wound coil (131b) are respectively adapted to be installed in the stator slots in a one-to-one correspondence with multiple slot layers arranged sequentially from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer.

28. The stator (10) of claim 27, wherein Each layer of the first wave-wound coil (131a) and the corresponding layer of the second wave-wound coil (131b) are adapted to be installed in the same slot layer of the stator slot.

29. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 26-28, wherein, The number of stator slots y1 is greater than the pole pitch y0.

30. The stator (10) of claim 29, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave-wound coil (131a), the pitch y3 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is equal to the pole pitch y0.

31. The stator (10) of claim 29, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the first wave-wound coil (131a), the pitch y4 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

32. The stator (10) of claim 31, wherein The pitch y4 satisfies: y4=y0-2×(y1-y0).

33. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 29-32, wherein, In the first wave-wound coil (131a), the pitch of each layer of coil, except for the portion located in the two adjacent first stator slots, is equal to the first preset pitch.

34. The stator (10) of claim 33, wherein The first preset pitch is equal to the pole distance y0.

35. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 26-34, wherein, The number of stator slots y2 is less than the pole pitch y0.

36. The stator (10) of claim 35, wherein In the second wave-wound coil (131b), each layer of coil is also located in two adjacent third stator slots. The third stator slots and the second stator slots are arranged along the circumference of the stator core (11). The number of stator slots y5 that are crossed between the two adjacent third stator slots is greater than the pole pitch y0.

37. The stator (10) of claim 36, wherein The number of stator slots y5 satisfies: y5=2×y0-y2.

38. The stator (10) according to claim 36 or 37, wherein In the second wave-wound coil (131b), the pitch of each layer of coil, except for the portions located in the two adjacent second stator slots and the two adjacent third stator slots, is equal to the second preset pitch.

39. The stator (10) of claim 38, wherein The second preset pitch is equal to the pole distance y0.

40. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 26-39, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave-wound coil (131b), the pitch y6 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is greater than the pole pitch y0.

41. The stator (10) of claim 40, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave-wound coil (131b), the pitch y7 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

42. The stator (10) of claim 41, wherein, The pitch y6 satisfies: y6=y0+1, and the pitch y7 satisfies: y7=y0-1.

43. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 26-39, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave-wound coil (131b), the pitch y6 between the coil of the odd-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next even-numbered slot layer is less than the pole pitch y0.

44. The stator (10) of claim 43, wherein, Along the direction from the lowest slot layer to the highest slot layer, in the second wave-wound coil (131b), the pitch y7 between the coil of the even-numbered slot layer and the coil of the next odd-numbered slot layer is greater than the pole pitch y0.

45. The stator (10) of claim 44, wherein, The pitch y6 satisfies: y6=y0-1, and the pitch y7 satisfies: y7=y0+1.

46. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 26-39, wherein, Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are arranged adjacent to each other; The number of stator slots y1 satisfies: y1=y0+1, and the number of stator slots y2 satisfies: y2=y0-1.

47. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 22-39, wherein, Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the end of the first wave-wound coil (131a) adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the first current input terminal, and the end of the first wave-wound coil (131b) adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the first current output terminal. The end of the second wave-wound coil (131b) adjacent to the coil in the lowest slot layer is the second current output terminal, and the end of the second wave-wound coil (131b) adjacent to the coil in the highest slot layer is the second current input terminal.

48. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 22-39, wherein, Along the circumference of the stator core (11), the number of stator slots y8 occupied between the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the first wave-wound coil (131a) and the end of the coil in the adjacent lowest slot layer of the second wave-wound coil (131b) is greater than the pole pitch y0.

49. The stator (10) of claim 48, wherein The number of stator slots y8 satisfies: y8=y0+1.

50. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 22-39, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are the same phase wave-wound coils.

51. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 22-39 further comprises a third wave winding (132a), a fourth wave winding (132b), a fifth wave winding (133a) and a sixth wave winding (133b); The third wave-wound coil (132a) and the fifth wave-wound coil (133a) have the same shape as the first wave-wound coil (131a), and the fourth wave-wound coil (132b) and the sixth wave-wound coil (133b) have the same shape as the second wave-wound coil (131b). Along the circumference of the stator core, the first wave-wound coil (131a), the second wave-wound coil (131b), the third wave-wound coil (132a), the fourth wave-wound coil (132b), the fifth wave-wound coil (133a), and the sixth wave-wound coil (133b) are arranged sequentially.

52. The stator (10) of claim 51, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are first phase wave-wound coils; The third wave winding coil (132a) and the fourth wave winding coil (132b) are second phase wave winding coils; The fifth wave winding coil (133a) and the sixth wave winding coil (133b) are third phase wave winding coils; The first phase winding coil, the second phase winding coil, and the third phase winding coil are respectively the U-phase winding coil, the V-phase winding coil, and the W-phase winding coil.

53. The stator (10) of claim 51, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are connected in parallel to form the first phase parallel branch; The third wave winding coil (132a) and the fourth wave winding coil (132b) are connected in parallel to form a second phase parallel branch; The fifth wave winding coil (133a) and the sixth wave winding coil (133b) are connected in parallel to form the third phase parallel branch; The first phase parallel branch, the second phase parallel branch, and the third phase parallel branch are connected in a star or delta configuration.

54. The stator (10) according to claim 51, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a), the third wave-wound coil (132a), and the fifth wave-wound coil (133a) are connected in a star configuration to form a first star circuit. The second wave-wound coil (131b), the fourth wave-wound coil (132b), and the sixth wave-wound coil (133b) are connected in a star configuration to form a second star circuit. The first star circuit and the second star circuit are connected in parallel.

55. The stator (10) according to any one of claims 51-54 further comprises a seventh wave winding coil, an eighth wave winding coil, a ninth wave winding coil and a tenth wave winding coil; The seventh and ninth wave winding coils have the same structure as the first wave winding coil (131a), and the eighth and tenth wave winding coils have the same structure as the second wave winding coil (131b). Along the circumference of the stator core, the first wave-wound coil (131a), the second wave-wound coil (131b), the third wave-wound coil (132a), the fourth wave-wound coil (132b), the fifth wave-wound coil (133a), the sixth wave-wound coil (133b), the seventh wave-wound coil, the eighth wave-wound coil, the ninth wave-wound coil, and the tenth wave-wound coil are arranged sequentially.

56. The stator (10) of claim 55, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are first phase wave-wound coils; The third wave winding coil (132a) and the fourth wave winding coil (132b) are second phase wave winding coils; The fifth wave winding coil (133a) and the sixth wave winding coil (133b) are third phase wave winding coils; The seventh and eighth wave winding coils are fourth-phase wave winding coils; The ninth and tenth wave winding coils are fifth phase wave winding coils; The first phase winding coil, the second phase winding coil, the third phase winding coil, the fourth phase winding coil, and the fifth phase winding coil are respectively the U-phase winding coil, the V-phase winding coil, the W-phase winding coil, the X-phase winding coil, and the Y-phase winding coil.

57. The stator (10) of claim 55, wherein, The first wave-wound coil (131a) and the second wave-wound coil (131b) are connected in parallel to form the first phase parallel branch; The third wave winding coil (132a) and the fourth wave winding coil (132b) are connected in parallel to form a second phase parallel branch; The fifth wave winding coil (133a) and the sixth wave winding coil (133b) are connected in parallel to form the third phase parallel branch; The seventh wave winding coil and the eighth wave winding coil are connected in parallel to form the fourth phase parallel branch; The ninth wave winding coil and the tenth wave winding coil are connected in parallel to form the fifth phase parallel branch; The first phase parallel branch, the second phase parallel branch, the third phase parallel branch, the fourth phase parallel branch, and the fifth phase parallel branch are connected in a star configuration.

58. The stator (10) according to any of claims 1-57, wherein, The stator slot (12) is located at at least one end of the stator core (11) along its axial direction.

59. The stator (10) of claim 58, wherein, The number of stator slots (12) is two sets, and each set of stator slots (12) includes at least one stator slot (12). The two sets of stator slots (12) are respectively located at both ends of the stator core (11) in the axial direction. The number of winding structures (13) is two, and the two winding structures (13) are respectively located in the two sets of stator slots (12).

60. The stator (10) of claim 59, wherein, The two winding structures (13) are connected in parallel.

61. An electric motor (100), comprising: At least one rotor (20); as well as At least one stator (10) according to any one of claims 58-60.

62. The electric machine (100) of claim 61, wherein, The at least one stator (10) includes a plurality of stators (10) arranged in a row, and the at least one rotor (20) is provided between two adjacent stators (10), and the extension direction of the shaft of the at least one rotor (20) is consistent with the arrangement direction of the plurality of stators (10).

63. The electric machine (100) of claim 61, wherein, The at least one rotor (20) includes a plurality of rotors (20), which are coaxially arranged and arranged along the extension direction of the shaft. The at least one stator (10) is provided between two adjacent rotors (20).

64. The electric machine (100) of any of claims 61-63, wherein, The number of slots per pole per phase of the motor (100) is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

65. The motor (100) according to any one of claims 61-64, applied to a powertrain.

66. The electric machine (100) of claim 65, wherein, The powertrain also includes a transmission, and the motor (100) is connected to the transmission via a shaft.

67. A vehicle (1000) comprising an electric motor (100) according to any one of claims 61-66.

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