Pasting paper for producing a plate-like battery electrode of a lead-acid battery

Abstract

The invention relates to a pasting paper for producing a plate-like battery electrode (2, 3) of a lead-acid battery (1), wherein the battery electrode (2, 3) to be produced has an electrode grid (4) made of lead or a lead alloy and also has a paste material applied at least partially or in some regions to faces of the electrode grid (4). The pasting paper is designed so that, after the electrode grid (4) has been pasted, it covers the pasted surface of the electrode grid (4) preferably completely, or at least partially or in some regions. According to the invention, it is provided in particular that the pasting paper has at least one IR absorber additive which is designed to prevent, or at least substantially prevent, reflection of NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths, in particular during a maturing and drying process of the battery electrode (2, 3) to be produced.

Description

[0001] December 10, 2025

[0002] Clarios Germany GmbH & Co. KG M / JCI-441-PC

[0003] TR / lj

[0004] PAPER FOR MAKING A PLATE-SHAPED BATTERY ELECTRODE FOR A LEAD-ACID BATTERY

[0005] Description

[0006] The present invention relates generally to lead-acid batteries and in particular to a novel pasting paper or pasting paper material for producing a plate-shaped battery electrode of a lead-acid battery.

[0007] According to current technology, in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries, the positive battery plates are matured and dried in batches or continuously in so-called maturation and drying chambers after the grids have been coated with a positive active compound. During maturation, the main components, lead oxide, water, and lead sulfate, are converted into 3-basic (3PbOP-bSO4) and / or 4-basic (4PbOP-bSO4) lead sulfates. The plates are predominantly stacked on pallets without being loosened. Less frequently, they are placed directly on pallets without being loosened, or, in the specific case of double grids with external tabs, they are loosely suspended in racks.

[0008] To prevent the active material from detaching from the grid, and furthermore to ensure easy handling of the plates after pasting, particularly during the maturation and drying process as well as during battery cell assembly, and to largely prevent the plates from sticking together, it is known to apply a pasting paper to the active material after pasting the grids. Additionally, the pasting paper serves to minimize lead dust emissions during further processing, especially assembly.

[0009] Specifically, battery plates or plate-shaped battery electrodes are conventionally manufactured using a process that requires several heating, cooling, and handling steps. According to a commonly used batch process, a minimum batch size of approximately 1,100 kg to approximately 1,400 kg of dry lead oxide is typically used to produce MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0010] 2. To produce approximately 7,000 to 10,000 battery plates. The lead oxide is initially in powder form and is mixed with water to form an aqueous slurry, and then reacted with a strong acid to form a paste. The paste material is then pressed onto a stretched grid, cut to a specific size, and dried very rapidly at a high temperature.

[0011] The plates produced in this way are stacked on loading racks and transported to a steam chamber (only for positive battery plates) and finally to a large curing room, in which the plate loading racks are cured, i.e., subjected to a curing treatment, for at least three to four days.

[0012] Each loading rack carries between approximately 5,000 and approximately 10,000 panels. Once the panels have been cured, they are removed and transported to a raw assembly area.

[0013] To prevent the plates stacked on loading racks from sticking together and to allow handling of the individual plates after curing treatment, it is common practice to dry the prepared electrode grids at relatively high temperatures after pasting the electrode grid and after covering the pasted surface of the electrode grid with pasting paper.

[0014] However, the high drying temperatures affect the quality and physical properties of the cured battery plates. In particular, the high-temperature drying process has been observed to cause significant variations in the quality and physical properties of the cured battery plates. Plates produced at the beginning of a batch often exhibit different quality or physical characteristics compared to those produced at the end of the batch. Furthermore, considerable variation is frequently observed within a single stack of plates.

[0015] It was also found that the heating temperature used for drying the gasified electrode grids has an influence on the paste material. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0016] 3

[0017] Based on this problem, the invention aims to provide a solution for ensuring improved and more consistent quality of battery plates without changing the generally used batch process.

[0018] The problem underlying the invention is solved in particular by the subject matter of independent claim 1, which relates to a pasting paper for producing a plate-shaped battery electrode of a lead-acid battery.

[0019] The problem underlying the invention is further solved by a manufacturing process according to dependent claim 19 and by a plate-shaped battery electrode according to dependent claim 20.

[0020] Accordingly, the invention relates in particular to a pasting paper for producing a plate-shaped battery electrode of a lead-acid battery, wherein the battery electrode to be produced comprises an electrode grid made of lead or a lead alloy and a paste material applied at least partially or in certain areas to the side surfaces of the electrode grid. The pasting paper is designed and serves in particular to cover, preferably completely or at least partially or in certain areas, the treated surface of the electrode grid after the pasting of the electrode grid.

[0021] According to the invention, it is particularly provided that the pasting paper has at least one IR absorber additive which is designed to prevent or at least substantially prevent reflection of NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths, particularly during a maturation and drying process of the battery electrode to be manufactured.

[0022] The advantages achievable with the solution according to the invention are obvious: because the pasting paper contains an IR absorber additive, it is possible to dry the gasified electrode grid by IR radiation before the actual curing treatment. This has the decisive advantage that a significantly gentler drying of the gasified electrode grids is possible compared to conventional methods, since drying with MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0023] 4

[0024] IR radiation selectively introduces energy only into the pasting paper and the pasted surface of the electrode grid, but not into the paste material itself.

[0025] In other words, the pasted electrode grid can be surface-dried very rapidly by placing the pasting paper according to the invention in a 1-type drying oven, without having to heat the entire pasted electrode grid to high temperatures. The pasted electrode grid dried in this way has relatively dry surfaces, although the paste material applied to the side surfaces of the electrode grid remains virtually unchanged.

[0026] In particular, the pasting paper according to the invention enables a plate drying rate of 700 plates per minute in a corresponding I-drying oven.

[0027] Advantageously, the IR absorber additive is inert or at least substantially inert with respect to the chemical reactions occurring during a charge / discharge cycle of the lead-acid battery. This can be achieved, for example, by the IR absorber additive oxidizing away upon contact with the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, particularly during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery.

[0028] In this context, "inert" or "at least essentially inert" means that in the finished lead-acid battery, the IR absorber additive is not actually detectable, or that the IR absorber additive in the finished lead-acid battery has no influence on the chemical reactions that take place during a charge / discharge cycle of the lead-acid battery.

[0029] To achieve particularly efficient drying of the gasified electrode grid in an IR drying oven, the IR absorber additive should be designed to absorb at least 97% and preferably at least 98% of the light with NIR, IR, and / or FIR wavelengths incident on the pasted electrode grid, preferably completely or at least partially or regionally covered by pasting paper, particularly during the maturation and drying process. This light is emitted particularly during the maturation and drying process and is emitted by light with NIR, IR, and / or FIR wavelengths. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0030] 5

[0031] To achieve the most uniform surface heating of the electrode grid during IR drying, the IR absorber additive should be distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the electrode grid. This can be achieved in particular by using a powdered form of the IR absorber additive.

[0032] In particular, according to embodiments of the pasting paper according to the invention, the IR absorber additive is a component of a layer applied to a surface of the pasting paper. This layer applied to the surface of the pasting paper is, in particular, an IR-absorbing paint.

[0033] Investigations have shown that particularly efficient surface drying of the gasified electrode grid in an IR drying oven is possible if the layer applied to the surface of the pasting paper, in particular in the form of an IR-absorbing paint, has a layer thickness in the range of 10 pm to 100 pm and preferably in the range of 30 pm to 100 pm, particularly with a thickness tolerance of ± 20%.

[0034] In this context, it is conceivable, for example, that the IR absorber additive is applied and in particular sprayed onto a surface of the pasting paper, particularly with a layer thickness in a range of 10 pm to 100 pm and preferably in a range of 30 pm to 100 pm, in particular with a thickness tolerance of ± 20%.

[0035] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the IR absorber additive is implemented as a pigment embedded in the pasting paper.

[0036] Alternatively or additionally, it is also conceivable that the IR absorber additive is a component of a film applied to a surface of the pasting paper, in particular a component of an IR-absorbing film.

[0037] According to embodiments of the pasting paper according to the invention, the pasting paper comprises fibers made of a first material or is formed by fibers made of a first material. The first material is chemically unstable, so that the fibers made of the first material disperse upon contact with an electrolyte (MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC).

[0038] 6 of the lead-acid battery, especially during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery, at least substantially dissolve.

[0039] The electrolyte in a lead-acid battery is, in particular, an electrolyte containing approximately 38% sulfuric acid.

[0040] According to implementations of the pasting paper according to the invention, the fibers from the first material consist at least partially of cellulose or the fibers from the first material contain at least partially cellulose.

[0041] In these embodiments, it is particularly possible to color the fibers made of the first material at least partially or in certain areas with a pigment containing the IR absorber additive or with a pigment forming the IR absorber additive.

[0042] Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that the IR absorber additive is a component of an indicator whose color changes upon contact with the basic patent material in such a way as to be particularly visually recognizable, such that the absorption of light with NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths is increased, wherein the transition range of the indicator is preferably at a pH value of 7 to 10.

[0043] According to further implementations of the pasting paper according to the invention, it is provided that the pasting paper is designed in particular as a nonwoven or woven mat and has fibers made of a first material which is chemically unstable, so that the fibers made of the first material dissolve at least substantially through contact with the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, in particular during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery.

[0044] The pasting paper according to the invention can, in addition to the fibers from the first, chemically unstable material, comprise fibers from a second material which is chemically stable at least to the extent that the fibers from the second material do not dissolve, or do not substantially dissolve, upon contact with the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery, particularly during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery, and preferably during the use of the lead-acid battery. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0045] 7

[0046] Additionally, a binding agent is optionally used, especially for the fibers from the second material.

[0047] This composition of the pasting paper gives the nonwoven or woven mat formed from the pasting paper a dual function: due to the fibers from the first material, the pasting paper serves on the one hand as "classic" pasting paper, which, in the production of lead-acid batteries, enables the gassed battery grids to be stacked during the maturation and drying process of the battery plates and prevents them from sticking together, or at least not significantly, after maturation.

[0048] However, the fibers from the first material gradually dissolve as soon as they come into contact with the electrolyte, which is usually about 38% sulfuric acid, especially due to oxidation.

[0049] The fact that the positive active material cannot detach from the (positive) electrode plate as a result of the volume expansion during the reaction of PbOz to PbSO4, especially under long-term stress, is prevented by the fibers made of the second material, which is chemically resistant to electrolyte and oxidation.

[0050] The pasting paper according to the invention, which is preferably in the form of a non-woven or woven mat, thus acts as a support structure and gives the plate structure of the individual battery electrodes additional mechanical strength as a support structure.

[0051] The fibers made from the second material ensure uniform compression of the positive battery electrodes and, in particular, the positive active material. The pasting paper prevents the release of active material and simultaneously serves as a carrier for the wet lead oxide paste during battery manufacturing. After pasting the grids, the paste is matured and dried in the ripening and drying process.

[0052] By incorporating fibers from the second, chemically resistant material, it is ensured that the nonwoven or woven mat formed from the hybrid pasting paper can fully absorb electrolyte without being chemically attacked by the electrolyte, or at least not significantly so. Thus MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0053] 8. The pasting paper according to the invention ensures that the positive active material is retained throughout the entire service life. It adheres to the positive active material of the positive electrode plates or is embedded in the surface structure without sticking to other substrates of the battery construction. This is crucial for the safe and effective performance of long-life batteries and batteries subjected to cyclic loading.

[0054] According to preferred embodiments of the hybrid pasting paper according to the invention, the fibers of the second material consist at least partially of a thermoplastic polymer material or comprise a thermoplastic polymer material.

[0055] Studies have shown that fibers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyolefins, and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT / PTMT) are particularly suitable. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers are especially preferred. Furthermore, it is preferred that all fibers from the second material are made of a corresponding thermoplastic polymer.

[0056] Core-shell fibers, which are fibers made from different thermoplastic materials, are particularly suitable for this purpose. Core-shell fibers with a PET core and a PE outer layer are especially well-suited. Of course, other core-shell fiber configurations are also possible.

[0057] Although it is preferred that all fibers formed from the second material consist of or at least are formed from a thermoplastic polymer material, in particular PET, it is also conceivable in principle that fibers made of another chemically resistant material, such as glass fibers, are provided.

[0058] Regarding the fibers made from the first, chemically unstable material, fibers that consist at least partially of cellulose or contain cellulose are suitable. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0059] 9

[0060] An acrylic group binder is suitable as an optional binder, in particular a binder based on polyacrylic acid and / or polymetacrylic acid.

[0061] Instead of such a binder, it is also possible to crosslink the fibers from the second material, in particular to crosslink them thermally.

[0062] The pasting paper according to the invention, in this embodiment variant, has many advantages.

[0063] At least when the fibers from the first material have dissolved, the pasting paper according to the invention is a relatively lightweight material that nevertheless provides sufficient structural stability to the stack of plates in battery assemblies. The pasting paper according to the invention is as homogeneous as paper, but acid-resistant. Furthermore, due to the dissolving component, the pasting paper according to the invention exhibits reduced internal resistance.

[0064] The pasting paper according to the invention contains in particular hardly any or no metals, pollutants or chemical impurities and is therefore inert. Furthermore, no decomposition or carbon gassing occurs during the battery's lifetime.

[0065] In this further embodiment of the pasting paper according to the invention, the fiber from the second material or the optionally provided binder is at least partially or regionally colored with a pigment containing or forming the IR absorber additive. Of course, it is also conceivable that both the fibers from the second material and the optionally provided binder are colored with a corresponding pigment containing or forming the IR absorber additive.

[0066] Various substances are suitable for the IR absorber additive. Preferably, this is a black metal oxide, in particular a black lead(IV) oxide and / or an iron(II / III) oxide. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0067] 10

[0068] Alternatively or additionally, carbon black is also suitable as an IR absorber additive.

[0069] The IR absorber additive of the pasting paper according to the invention preferably comprises at least one boride that absorbs radiation in the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm. Borides are non-stoichiometric compounds of boron and a metal. They can be produced by powder metallurgy or by reacting the metal oxides with boron carbide.

[0070] Preferred borides for the pasting paper according to the invention include, for example, commercially available compounds such as aluminum boride, magnesium boride, europium boride, calcium boride, lanthanum boride, cerium boride, samarium boride, yttrium boride, molybdenum boride, silicon boride, zirconium boride, titanium boride, vanadium boride, or chromium boride, or mixtures thereof. In particular, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6), cerium hexaboride (CeB6), samarium hexaboride (SmB6), yttrium hexaboride (YB6), molybdenum boride (Mo2B5), silicon hexaboride (SiB6), silicon tetraboride (SiB4), zirconium diboride (ZrB2), titanium boride (TiB2), vanadium boride (VB2), or chromium diboride (CrB2), or mixtures thereof, are suitable. Hexaborides are preferred. Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) is especially preferred.

[0071] A particular advantage of these borides, which serve as IR absorber additives, is that they exhibit strong absorption in the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm, preferably from 800 to 1500 nm, and no or only a slight inherent color.

[0072] Borides are preferably used which have a mean particle size (d50, measured by dynamic light scattering in suspension) in the range of 0.01 to 2 pm, preferably from 0.05 to 0.5 pm, in particular from 0.05 to 0.1 pm.

[0073] Commercially available borides typically have average particle sizes significantly greater than 50 pm, so they must be milled to the appropriate particle sizes using a suitable milling device, such as a bead mill, ball mill, or air jet mill, before being used as IR absorbers in pasting paper. Milling is preferably carried out in aqueous suspensions. The preferred milling method for fine grinding is bead milling. This allows the borides in suspension to be milled to average particle sizes of up to 50 nm. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0074] 11

[0075] The milling is preferably carried out in aqueous suspension in the presence of dispersing agents. In this way, aqueous suspensions with a boride concentration in the range of 1 to 50 wt.%, preferably 10 to 40 wt.%, are obtainable. In particular, aqueous suspensions of approximately 20 to 35% borides are used. The aqueous suspensions can be applied directly to the surface of the pasting paper, in particular by spraying.

[0076] Alternatively, the borides can be finely ground in a suitable solvent or solvent system and then added to a printing ink. Another option is to convert the finely ground borides from the aqueous suspension into a hydrophobic preparation using suitable emulsifiers or protective colloids. The resulting hydrophobic boride preparation can then be redispersed in solvents and added to a non-aqueous printing ink.

[0077] The borides are added in concentrations of 0.01 to 5 wt.%, preferably 0.01 to 2 wt.%, and in particular 0.05 to 0.5 wt.%, based on the total weight of the printing ink.

[0078] The IR absorber additive of the pasting paper according to the invention typically contains, in addition to the boride, one or more binders and a solvent or a solvent mixture, optionally one or more wetting or leveling agents, optionally one or more thickeners or other rheological additives, waxes, antioxidants, drying accelerators, photoinitiators and optionally one or more colorants.

[0079] Suitable binders for the IR absorber additive of the pasting paper according to the invention include, for example, alkyd resins, rosin resins, nitrocellulose, polyvinyl butyral, vinyl chloride-acrylate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, casein, polyacrylates, melamine resins, melamine acrylates, epoxy acrylates, or urethane acrylates.

[0080] In one embodiment of the invention, the IR absorber additive of the pasting paper according to the invention contains only at least one boride as a pigment that absorbs radiation in the wavelength range of 800 to 2500 nm and no other colorants. In this case, the IR absorber additive is transparent and barely colored; it is not visible or only faintly visible to the naked eye. Using a MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC

[0081] Using an infrared camera, possibly in conjunction with a suitable filter combination or an infrared detector, the distribution of the IR absorber additive on the pasting paper can be easily seen.

[0082] The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a plate-shaped battery electrode for a lead-acid battery.

[0083] In the method according to the invention, it is provided that at least one side surface of a provided electrode grid is treated with a paste material, and that the treated side surface of the electrode grid is then at least partially or partially covered with a pasting paper of the aforementioned type according to the invention.

[0084] The gasified electrode grid, at least partially or partially covered with paste paper, is then dried at least partially or partially using NIR and / or IR irradiation.

[0085] The drying of the inner areas of the gasified electrode grid is achieved by the diffusion of water molecules to the plate surface, where evaporation occurs. Because the pasting paper contains an IR absorber additive, surface or near-surface drying with IR radiation can be applied, allowing the drying process to be completed with minimal shrinkage of the produced web and in a matter of seconds.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrode grid is preheated to minimize sudden condensation or evaporation of water at the grid-material interface. The preheating treatment can be carried out in a grid pretreatment unit directly before the electrode grid reaches a pasting unit. Subsequently, IR irradiation can be applied to the surface of the gasified plate.

[0087] Alternatively or additionally, the gasified electrode grid is preheated to promote the diffusion of water molecules to the plate surface, where evaporation occurs via IR irradiation onto the surface of the gasified plate covered with paste paper. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0088] 13

[0089] The invention described above represents a radical modification of the existing pastier / curing process and can be used with exclusively positive effects on product quality. Such positive effects include improved and more consistent quality of battery plates produced by the process.

[0090] The invention further relates to a plate-shaped battery electrode for a lead-acid battery, wherein the battery electrode has a battery electrode grid made of a lead alloy and a paste, in particular lead oxide paste, applied at least partially or in certain areas to the battery electrode grid, wherein the battery electrode is manufactured according to a method of the aforementioned type.

[0091] Furthermore, the invention relates to a lead-acid battery with a plurality of plate-shaped battery electrodes of the aforementioned type.

[0092] The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0093] They show:

[0094] FIG. 1 schematically and in an isometric exploded view the general structure of an exemplary embodiment of the lead-acid battery according to the invention;

[0095] FIG. 2 schematically and in a partially cutaway top view a plate-shaped battery electrode of the exemplary embodiment of the lead-acid battery according to FIG. 1; wherein the plate-shaped battery electrode has a battery electrode grid made of a lead alloy and a lead oxide paste applied at least partially or in certain areas to the battery electrode grid; and

[0096] FIG. 3 schematically and in a top view shows the battery electrode grid of the plate-shaped battery electrode according to FIG. 2.

[0097] The lead-acid battery 1 shown schematically and in an isometric exploded view in FIG. 1 has several cell elements which are in separate compartments MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0098] 14 of a housing 9 of the battery 1 contain electrolyte. The lead-acid battery 1 is specifically a wet-cell battery.

[0099] The individual plate-shaped battery electrodes 2, 3 comprise electrically conductive electrode grids 4. A positive paste 5 is located on the electrode grid 4 of the positive battery electrode, and a negative paste 6 is located on the electrode grid 4 of the negative battery electrode 3. The individual battery electrodes 2, 3 further comprise the hybrid pasting paper according to the invention, which is embedded in the surfaces of the battery electrodes.

[0100] A multitude of positive plates 2 and a multitude of negative plates 3 generally form at least part of the electrochemical cell of the accumulator. Each set of plates or each cell can contain one or more positive plates 2 and one or more plates 3.

[0101] As shown in FIG. 1, a large number of plate sets can be electrically connected according to the capacity of the accumulator 1, for example, by being connected in series.

[0102] The invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawings, but results from a combination of the features disclosed therein.

[0103] MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC

[0104] Reference numeral list

[0105] 1 lead-acid battery / accumulator

[0106] 2 positive battery electrodes

[0107] 3 negative battery electrode

[0108] 4 battery electrode grids

[0109] 5 positive active paste

[0110] 6 negative active paste

[0111] 9 cases

Claims

December 10, 2025 Clarios Germany GmbH & Co. KG M / JCI-441-PC TR / akk PAPER FOR MAKING A PLATE-SHAPED BATTERY ELECTRODE FOR A LEAD-ACID BATTERY Patent claims 1. Paste paper for producing a plate-shaped battery electrode (2, 3) of a lead-acid battery (1), wherein the battery electrode (2, 3) to be produced has an electrode grid (4) made of lead or a lead alloy and a paste material applied at least partially or in certain areas to side surfaces of the electrode grid (4), wherein the paste paper is designed and serves in particular to cover the pasted surface of the electrode grid (4) after the pasting of the electrode grid (4), preferably completely or at least partially or in certain areas, characterized in that the paste paper has at least one IR absorber additive which is designed to prevent or at least substantially prevent reflection of NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths, in particular during a maturation and drying process of the battery electrode (2, 3) to be produced.

2. Paste paper according to claim 1, wherein the IR absorber additive is inert or at least substantially inert with respect to the chemical reactions occurring during a charge / discharge cycle of the lead-acid battery (1).

3. Paste paper according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the IR absorber additive is configured to absorb at least 97% and preferably at least 98% of the light with NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths incident on the pasted electrode grid (4) which is preferably completely or at least partially or partially covered by the past paper, particularly during the maturation and drying process. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC 2 4. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the IR absorber additive is in powder form.

5. Paste paper according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the IR absorber additive is a component of a layer applied to a surface of the paste paper, in particular an IR-absorbing paint.

6. Paste paper according to claim 5, wherein the layer applied to the surface of the paste paper, in particular in the form of an IR-absorbing paint, has a layer thickness in a range of 10 pm to 100 pm and preferably in a range of 30 pm to 100 pm, in particular with a thickness tolerance of ± 20%.

7. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the IR absorber additive is applied, in particular sprayed, to a surface of the paste paper, in particular with a layer thickness in a range of 10 pm to 100 pm and preferably in a range of 30 pm to 100 pm, in particular with a thickness tolerance of ± 20%.

8. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the IR absorber additive is designed as a pigment embedded in the paste paper.

9. Paste paper according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the IR absorber additive is a component of an indicator, the color of which changes upon contact with the basic patent material in such a way as to be particularly visually recognizable, such that the absorption of light with NIR, IR and / or FIR wavelengths is increased, wherein the transition range of the indicator is preferably at a pH value of 7 to 10.

10. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the IR absorber additive is a component of a film applied to a surface of the paste paper, in particular an IR-absorbing film. MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCI-441-PC 3 11. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the paste paper comprises fibers of a first material or is formed by fibers of a first material which is chemically unstable, such that the fibers of the first material dissolve at least substantially upon contact with an electrolyte of the lead-acid battery (1), in particular during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery (1).

12. Paste paper according to claim 11, wherein the fibers of the first material consist at least partially of cellulose or contain cellulose.

13. Paste paper according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the fibers of the first material are at least partially or partially colored with a pigment containing the IR absorber additive or forming the IR absorber additive.

14. Pasting paper according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the pasting paper comprises: Fibers made of a first material which is chemically unstable, such that the fibers made of the first material dissolve at least substantially when in contact with an electrolyte of the lead-acid battery (1), in particular during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery (1); Fibers made of a second material which is chemically resistant at least to such an extent that the fibers made of the second material do not dissolve or do not substantially dissolve when in contact with the electrolyte of the lead-acid battery (1), in particular during the manufacture of the lead-acid battery (1); and optionally a binder for the fibers made of the second material.

15. Pasting paper according to claim 14, wherein the fibers of the second material consist at least partially of a thermoplastic polymer material or a thermoplastic MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC 4 comprising plastic material, wherein the thermoplastic plastic material is preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyolefins and / or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT / PTMT).

16. Paste paper according to claim 15, wherein the fibers of the second material are at least partially configured as core-shell fibers with a core of a thermoplastic polymer material and a shell or sheath of a second thermoplastic polymer material.

17. Paste paper according to one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the fibers of the second material are at least partially designed as glass fibers or comprise glass fibers.

18. Paste paper according to one of claims 14 to 17, wherein the fibers of the second material and / or the optionally provided binder are at least partially or partially colored with a pigment containing or forming the IR absorber additive.

19. Paste paper according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the IR absorber additive is or at least comprises: a black metal oxide, in particular a black lead(IV) oxide and / or an iron(II / III) oxide; Carbon Black; and / or at least one borosilicate.

20. Method for manufacturing a plate-shaped lead electrode of a lead-acid battery (1), wherein the method comprises the following process steps: Providing an electrode grid (4) made of lead or a lead alloy; Paste at least one side surface of the provided electrode grid (4) with a paste material; MEISSNER BOLTE M / JCT441-PC 5 at least partially or partially covering the pasted side surface of the electrode grid (4) with a pasting paper according to one of claims 1 to 19; and Drying the pasted electrode grid (4) which is at least partially or partially covered with pasting paper, at least partially or partially by means of NIR and / or IR irradiation.

21. Plate-shaped battery electrode (2, 3) for a lead-acid battery (1), wherein the battery electrode (2, 3) comprises: - a battery electrode grid (4) made of a lead alloy; and a paste, in particular lead oxide paste, applied at least partially or in certain areas to the battery electrode grid (4), wherein the battery electrode (2, 3) is produced according to a method according to claim 20.

22. Lead-acid battery (1) with a plurality of plate-shaped battery electrodes (4) according to claim 21.

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