The invention discloses a process for surface inspection of precise metal parts through a penetration method. The process comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning; (2) applying penetrating agents,preparing two penetrating agents, putting the metal parts in an environment of 60-70 DEG C, standing for 1-3 minutes, coating defected parts on the surfaces of the metal parts with the first penetrating agent, putting the metal parts in an environment of 15-20 DEG C, standing for 8-10 minutes, and spraying the second penetrating agent to the defected parts on the surfaces of the metal parts, wherein the first penetrating agent contains diisooctyl phthalate, strychnine, silicon carbide, an activating agent and phthalate, and the second penetrating agent contains bisazo red, ethanol, glycol ether and rose red; (3) cleaning the redundant penetrating agent; (4) carrying out development; and (5) examining. The process disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the steps are simple, the operation is convenient and rapid, a result is visual, the observation is convenient, a professional inspection worker is not required, and the operation can be carried out by a common procedure worker after simple training.