Inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device and expansion method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device and an expansion method thereof, comprising an umbrella-shaped expansion device, a plurality of inner columns distributed longitudinally, wherein the inner column is a pressure column I or a telescopic pressure column or a telescopic pull rod; when the number of inner columns is one, the inner column is located on the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the number of inner columns is greater than or equal to two, the plurality of inner columns are distributed around the central axis of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the inner columns are arranged in combination or independently; the inner column combination arrangement includes: the reinforcement plate is arranged in combination with the front end of the inner column, and / or the reinforcement plate is arranged in combination with the rear end of the inner column; when the inner column is a pressure column I, one end of the pressure column I is hinged to the front end or rear end of all folding rods, and the other end is located between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the inner column is a telescopic pressure column or a telescopic pull rod, the two ends of the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod are respectively fixedly connected to the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The invention is used to achieve the purpose of optimizing the pre-collected three-hinge pressure-bearing structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to an inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device and an expansion method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The umbrella-shaped enlarged head involves the field of geotechnical engineering, and is specifically used in temporary foundation pit support, permanent slope support, anti-floating anchor cables, tunnel vault support, etc. in various industries such as building construction, roads, railways and urban rail, water conservancy and hydropower, civil air defense, underground engineering, and national defense.

[0003] In the existing umbrella-shaped enlarged head series technology, the ultra-high pull-out resistance of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head is achieved through a three-hinge pressure-bearing structure constructed of structural components, long rods and short rods; because the structural components need to move through the tie plate or the piercing plate, when the umbrella cage expands, the tie plate needs to slide from the front end or the piercing plate from the rear end to the middle to the preset limit device, which determines that the structural components are distributed in the form of around the axis of the tie plate and the piercing plate in most cases, which is also conducive to the use of the center bolt method (the bolt is located on the central axis of the tie plate and the piercing plate, and the center bolt can be an anchor rod or a grouting pipe, etc.) to pre-collect, lock and re-tension the umbrella cage. However, in the umbrella cage structure with limited drilling space and thus limited cross-sectional area, such a distribution pattern makes the cross-sectional area cost-effectiveness ratio of the structural components (i.e., cross-sectional area ratio / pressure-bearing performance) larger. The form with the smallest cross-sectional area cost-effectiveness ratio and the most space-saving is to set the structural components at the central axis position of the tie plate and the rib plate, but the problem is: such a setting can only set the structural components outside the center bolt, so it is impossible to achieve the center bolt method locking and re-tensioning of the pre-collected umbrella cage. The center bolt method locking and re-tensioning is the most convenient, economical and effective method among all the locking and re-tensioning methods of the umbrella expansion device at present, and the pre-collected umbrella cage is the general trend of industry development. This is an objective contradiction. Therefore, it is urgent to find a more reasonable and ideal three-hinged pressure-bearing structure to adapt to the application of the center bolt locking and re-tensioning method.

[0004] In addition, in the existing umbrella-shaped enlarged head series technology, the structural member and the limit device are used in conjunction, and the two are indispensable, so they have the characteristics of complicated structure and complicated assembly; the applicant has tried to use an integral limit device to replace the structural member. If it is implemented, it can make the construction convenient, simplify the structure, and significantly reduce the cost. It has strong practicality in the field of low bearing capacity; but at the same time, it is found that although the previous integral limit device can be used as a compressive member in the umbrella-shaped expansion device, it still must be used in conjunction with the slide rail, that is, the structural member; when the structural member is missing, the integral limit device, whether it is movably mounted on the anchor bar or fixed on the tie plate or the piercing plate, cannot fundamentally overcome the problem that the tie plate and the piercing plate are skewed, that is, the axis of the tie plate and the piercing plate is easy to form an angle with the axis of the anchor bar pull-out force, that is, the axis of the anchor bar pull-out force is not perpendicular to the tie plate and the piercing plate. In other words, only replacing the structural member with an integral limit device will lead to the risk of overall failure of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head.

[0005] As an integral limit device, it is not necessary to be fixedly installed on the tie plate or the through plate. Even if the integral limit device is fixedly installed on the tie plate or the through plate without taking other measures, if no structural components are set, it is also easy to cause the longitudinal axis of the umbrella-shaped expansion structure to be non-perpendicular to the tie plate, so that the umbrella-shaped expansion head tends to be unstable and damaged. Therefore, further research should be conducted to solve the problem of lateral stability of the pressure-bearing structure without setting structural components and what kind of structure can be used to achieve safe replacement.

[0006] Furthermore, there are many problems in fixing the limiting device on the structural member or anchor bar. For example, the traditional bonded anchor bar is about to be eliminated, and the recyclable anchor bar (in other words, the non-bonded anchor bar) which is the general trend of development in the field of geotechnical anchoring cannot fix the limiting device on the anchor bar at all; and the limiting device fixed by thread on the easy-to-cut anchor rod (represented by basalt fiber anchor rod) often loosens and moves during the anchoring construction process, and it is forbidden to fix it by pinning; the fixing of the limiting device on the structural member is usually fixed by thread, pin or electric welding, among which welding fixation is difficult to standardize and cannot be adjusted once welding is performed, thread fixation is prone to loosening and movement, and pin fixation affects the strength of the structural member due to drilling and perforation, etc.

[0007] In addition, due to the poor machining properties of free-cutting materials and the unsatisfactory overall shear resistance and local shear resistance of the joints of the steel component system, when the anchor bars and structural components are not made of free-cutting materials, the structural components, as the longest and largest components left in the stratum except for the anchor bars, have a greater risk of damaging the shield machine excavation system and clogging the slag conveying system. This is inconsistent with the industry development trend and the pace of the times of using recyclable anchor bars, is not conducive to the environmental friendliness of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head technology, and constitutes an obstacle to the promotion and application of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head technology. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an inner column umbrella-shaped expansion device and an expansion method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art and achieve the purpose of optimizing the pre-collected three-hinge pressure-bearing structure; at the same time, whether it is a pre-collected umbrella-shaped expansion device or a buttress-type umbrella-shaped expansion device, whether it is a self-contained umbrella-shaped expansion device that uses rotary jetting to expand the hole, or a pre-expansion and post-implantation umbrella-shaped expansion device that uses mechanical expansion, the present invention can be applied.

[0009] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device includes anchor bars, load conversion devices, and umbrella-shaped expansion devices. Each of the umbrella-shaped expansion devices includes more than one umbrella-shaped folding rod group; wherein each load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device it bears, the anchor bars are fixedly or detachably fixed or movably inserted into the load conversion device, and each umbrella-shaped expansion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixed or detachably fixed to the anchor bars it bears. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device in the present application includes a plurality of anchor bars, a plurality of load conversion devices, and a plurality of umbrella-shaped expansion devices. The load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device it bears, and each umbrella-shaped expansion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixed or detachably fixed to the anchor bars it bears; the external tensile load acting on the anchor bars is borne by the load conversion device, and the tensile load acting on the load conversion device is converted into a compressive load and borne by the umbrella-shaped expansion head, which is composed of the umbrella-shaped expansion device and the cast consolidation body. Each umbrella-shaped folding rod group is forward foldable or reverse foldable, and each of the umbrella-shaped folding rod groups includes a plurality of folding rods, and at the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the folding rods are centrally hinged and constrained to be centrally symmetrical; each umbrella-shaped expansion device also includes a rib-drawing plate and / or a rib-piercing plate, and includes a plurality of longitudinally distributed inner columns, and the inner columns are pressure-bearing columns I or telescopic pressure-bearing columns or telescopic pull rods; when the number of inner columns is one, the inner column is located on the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the number of inner columns is greater than or equal to two, a plurality of inner columns are distributed around the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the inner columns are arranged in combination or independently; The combined setting of the inner column includes: the tying plate and the front end of the inner column are combined, and / or the piercing plate and the rear end of the inner column are combined; when the inner column is a pressure column I, one end of the pressure column I is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, and the other end is located between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the inner column is a telescopic pressure column, the two ends of the telescopic pressure column are respectively hinged to the front end and the rear end of each folding rod; the hinge here can be a direct hinge, or it can be an indirect hinge through components such as a tying plate and a piercing plate; but whether it is a direct hinge or an indirect hinge, it includes two situations: hinged with a hinge device and hinged without a hinge device. The " / " in this application means "or".

[0011] In the present application, the inner column is used to bear the pressure between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The inner column is independently set, which means that the inner column and the rib plate and rib plate are separate components. When the inner column is combined, the two ends of the inner column replace the functions of the corresponding rib plate and rib plate, such as Fig. 22 As shown. The umbrella-shaped expansion device in the present application is a prior art, with existing equipment such as anchor bars, load conversion devices, and umbrella-shaped folding rod groups; and it can also be equipped with tensioning plates and piercing plates. In the present application, the direction of travel of the drill bit during drilling operations is the front, and vice versa is the rear. All front and rear directions in the present application are based on the drilling direction during construction as the front and the end away from the drilling direction as the rear. In other words, the direction pointed by the tip of the guide cap or the tip of the umbrella-shaped expansion device or the drill tip is the front, and vice versa is the rear. The forward assembly of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group means that the long rod is in the front and the short rod is in the back, and the reverse assembly of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group means that the long rod is in the back and the short rod is in the front. Anchor bars refer to the main reinforcement materials that transmit and bear the external tensile load in the anchor rod or anchor cable structure, including steel bars or steel pipes constituting anchor rods, steel strands or steel wires or ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers constituting anchor cables, and other strip-shaped fiber-reinforced composite tensile materials such as glass fiber anchor rods, basalt fiber anchor rods, carbon fiber anchor rods, etc., and the steel bars can be ordinary threaded steel bars, precision-rolled threaded steel bars, or round steel bars. The function of the load conversion device is to convert the tensile load borne by the anchor bar into the pressure load borne by the entire umbrella-shaped enlarged head reinforced concrete structure through the tie rod plate, and then the umbrella-shaped enlarged head transfers the pressure load to the rock and soil behind the piercing plate, using the fact that the compressive bearing capacity of the rock and soil is far greater than the friction of the borehole wall, so that the umbrella-shaped enlarged head can bear the tensile load far more than the friction type anchor rod and anchor cable. For easy-to-cut anchor rods (such as basalt fiber anchor rods), the load conversion device can use an easy-to-cut material anchor head or a steel sleeve bonded anchor head. For steel anchor rods, the load conversion device can be made of materials such as steel bars, steel rings, and steel sleeves, which are tied and welded to the anchor bars; it can also be made of threaded steel connection sleeves or special fiber-reinforced materials and other load-bearing bodies, which are connected to the anchor bars with threads; it can also be cold extruded to extrude and fix the steel sleeve on the anchor bars as a load conversion device. Of course, the load conversion device can be combined with the tie plate / inner column, or the front hinge device can be directly fixed to the front end of the anchor bar by threaded connection or welding, so that there is no obvious load conversion device (in essence, the tie plate / inner column / anchor bar front end is also used as a load conversion device), but it is limited to the case of low tensile bearing capacity; if the required bearing capacity is higher, it is generally necessary to install a special load conversion device. For anchor cables made of steel strands, the load conversion device can be fixed to the steel strands by cold extrusion using an extrusion sleeve, or by conventional anchors and clamps used for anchor heads outside the hole, or by special small anchors and clamps, or by various anchor heads with steel strand recovery functions (including anchor clamps, extrusion sleeves, etc.).

[0012] The difference between the inner column in the present application and the structural components in the existing umbrella-shaped enlarged head is that the traditional structural components have two functions, one is to cooperate with the limit device as a compressive component, and the other is to serve as a slide rail for the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate, so the structural characteristics require it to move through the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate; while the inner column in the present application mainly exists as a compressive component or a tensile component between the reinforcing plate and the reinforcing plate, and does not serve as a slide rail for the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate, so the structural characteristics cannot move through the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate. The inner column in the present application can be mounted on a single or multiple anchor bars, or the inner column and the anchor bars can be installed independently.

[0013] Furthermore, the rib-tensioning plate is transversely arranged at the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rib-piercing plate is transversely arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the central axis of the rib-tensioning plate and the rib-piercing plate coincides with the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the front end of all folding rods is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the rib-tensioning plate at the front hinge, and the rear end of all folding rods is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the rib-piercing plate at the rear hinge;

[0014] When the inner column is a pressure column I: one end of the pressure column I is a fixed end I, and the other end is a non-fixed end I; the fixed end I is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, or is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate or rib through plate, and the non-fixed end I is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or between the rib plate and rib through plate. At this time, there are two situations: the fixed end I is directly hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; or the fixed end I is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate or rib through plate or other components, and the front end or rear end of each folding rod is directly hinged to the rib plate or rib through plate or other components, so that the fixed end I is indirectly hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; the unidirectional fixed connection here refers to a unidirectional fixing device or step fixedly provided on the pressure column I between the rib plate or rib through plate, and the unidirectional fixing device or step cannot pass through the rib plate or rib through plate.

[0015] The connection method between the pressure-bearing column I and the anchor bar includes: the pressure-bearing column I is sleeved on the anchor bar; and / or the non-fixed end I of the pressure-bearing column I is provided with a receiving hole or a receiving protrusion at the axial projection on the rib plate or the tension plate, and the receiving hole or the receiving protrusion matches the non-fixed end I; and / or a straightener is provided on the non-fixed end I, the straightener is fixed on the pressure-bearing column I, the anchor bar passes through the straightener in the longitudinal direction, and the anchor bar, the pressure-bearing column I and the straightener are relatively fixed in the transverse direction. The receiving hole or the receiving protrusion matches the non-fixed end I, which means that the specifications of the bottom of the receiving hole or the top of the receiving protrusion are the same as the end face of the non-fixed end I, and the shape and specifications of the receiving hole or the receiving protrusion match the non-fixed end I (the shape is not necessarily the same). The pressure-bearing column I can be sleeved on multiple anchor bars as a whole, or it can be sleeved on each anchor bar in a dispersed manner. The function of the pressure column I is to play a compressive role inside the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the main function of the receiving holes or receiving protrusions and the straightener is to achieve the lateral stability of the longitudinal bearing structure and prevent the non-fixed end of the pressure column I from sliding laterally on the surface of the tie plate or the through-rib plate when eccentrically loaded; the slope of the receiving hole mouth / receiving protrusion shoulder and the straightener also play the function of providing guidance for the docking process between the non-fixed end of the pressure column I and the tie plate or the through-rib plate. The straightener can be in various shapes such as longitudinal porous plates, columns, barrels, cymbals, etc., and can be made of various materials such as metal, engineering plastics, glass fiber, basalt fiber, etc. The receiving holes or receiving protrusions match the non-fixed end I, which means that while receiving holes or receiving protrusions are provided on the through-rib plate or the tie plate, the non-fixed end of the pressure column I also has a matching receiving protrusion or receiving hole. For example, in the attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 5 In the embodiment, the pressure-bearing column I itself is in the shape of a tube, that is, it has the characteristics of a receiving hole and matches the receiving protrusion set on the reinforcement plate. Figure 5 The receiving protrusion also serves as a push device. The receiving pit and the receiving protrusion are not restricted in shape. The shapes of the two can be the same or different. They only need to meet the matching requirements, that is, they only need to guide during reception and implement lateral constraints on the pressure column I during load bearing. The shapes of the two can be conical, frustum-shaped, etc.

[0016] When the inner column is a telescopic pressure-bearing column: the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail that cooperate with each other; the pressure-bearing column II slides longitudinally along the guide rail; one end of the pressure-bearing column II is a fixed end II and the other end is a non-fixed end II, and the fixed end II is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; the non-fixed end II cannot pass through the front end or rear end / tensioning plate or rib-piercing plate of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. One end of the guide rail is a non-fixed end III and the other end is a fixed end III, and the non-fixed end III is movably connected to the non-fixed end II, and the fixed end III is hinged to the rear end or front end of each folding rod; or between the fixed end II and the fixed end III, either one is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the tensioning plate, and the other is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate; in this scheme, the pressure-bearing column II slides longitudinally along the guide rail, which means that the pressure-bearing column II retracts or extends from the guide rail, or the guide rail retracts or extends from the pressure-bearing column II. Usually, the length of the pressure-bearing column II is greater than the guide rail. The one-way fixed connection here means that the fixed end II or the fixed end III is restricted to slide longitudinally between the tie plate and the piercing plate, and cannot pass through the tie plate or the piercing plate. For example, a one-way fixing device or a step is fixedly provided on the pressure column II or the guide rail. The articulation here includes direct articulation and indirect articulation. For example, the front end of the folding rod is articulated with the fixed end of the guide rail by articulating with the reinforcement plate, and the rear end of the folding rod is articulated with the fixed end of the pressure column II by articulating with the reinforcement plate. That is, there are two situations at this time: the fixed end II is directly articulated with the front end or rear end of each folding rod; or the fixed end II is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate or reinforcement plate or other components, and the front end or rear end of each folding rod is directly articulated with the reinforcement plate or reinforcement plate or other components, so that the fixed end II is indirectly articulated with the front end or rear end of each folding rod; the unidirectional fixed connection here refers to a unidirectional fixing device or step fixedly provided on the pressure column II between the reinforcement plate or reinforcement plate, and the unidirectional fixing device or step cannot pass through the reinforcement plate or reinforcement plate, or similar situations.

[0017] Or, the telescopic pressure-bearing column comprises a front section and a rear section of the pressure-bearing column that cooperate with each other, the front section and the rear section of the pressure-bearing column are mutually guided and slide along the longitudinal direction; the front end of the front section of the pressure-bearing column is hinged to the front end of each folding rod or fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate, the rear end of the rear section of the pressure-bearing column is hinged to the rear end of each folding rod or fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate, and the rear end of the front section of the pressure-bearing column is fixedly connected to the front end of the rear section of the pressure-bearing column in one direction;

[0018] Or, the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II, a reverse extension section of the pressure-bearing column II, a guide rail, and a reverse extension section of the guide rail that cooperate with each other; one end of the pressure-bearing column II is a fixed end II and the other end is a non-fixed end II, and the fixed end II is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod through the reverse extension section of the pressure-bearing column II, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to a rib-tensioning disk or a rib-piercing disk; the guide rail includes a non-fixed end III and a fixed end III, and the non-fixed end III is movably connected to the non-fixed end II, and the fixed end III is hinged to the rear end or front end of each folding rod through the reverse extension section of the guide rail, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to a rib-piercing disk or a rib-tensioning disk; the reverse extension section of the pressure-bearing column II is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing column II; the reverse extension section of the guide rail is fixedly connected to the guide rail At this time, there are two situations: the reverse extension section of the pressure column II and the reverse extension section of the guide rail are directly hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; or the reverse extension section of the pressure column II and the reverse extension section of the guide rail are fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the tie plate or the ribbed plate or other components, and the front end or rear end of each folding rod is directly hinged to the tie plate or the ribbed plate or other components, so that the reverse extension section of the pressure column II and the reverse extension section of the guide rail are indirectly hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; the unidirectional fixed connection here means that a unidirectional fixing device or step is fixedly arranged on the reverse extension section of the pressure column II and the reverse extension section of the guide rail between the tie plate or the ribbed plate, and the unidirectional fixing device or step cannot pass through the tie plate or the ribbed plate.

[0019] That is, the two ends of the folding rod are not only hinged to the pressure column II and the guide rail, but also hinged to the front end of the pressure column II and the rear end of the guide rail, or hinged to the rear end of the pressure column II and the front end of the guide rail; this includes the two situations that the front and rear ends of the positive folding / reverse folding umbrella cage are either close to or far away from each other when the umbrella cage is re-expanded. Specifically: (1) When the umbrella cage is folded forward, in both the folded and expanded states of the umbrella cage, the two ends of the telescopic pressure column are directly or indirectly hinged to the front and rear ends of each folding rod, for example, Fig.21 , Attachment Fig. 22 (2) When the umbrella cage is folded in the reverse direction: in both the folded and expanded states of the umbrella cage, the front end of the reverse extension section of the pressure column II and the rear end of the reverse extension section of the guide rail are respectively directly or indirectly hinged to the front end and rear end of each folding rod, or the front end of the reverse extension section of the guide rail and the rear end of the reverse extension section of the pressure column II are respectively hinged to the front end and rear end of each folding rod, for example, Fig.95 shown.

[0020] When the inner column is a telescopic pull rod, the telescopic pull rod serving as the inner column includes a pull rod front section and a pull rod rear section which cooperate with each other; the pull rod front section and the pull rod rear section serve as guide rails for longitudinal sliding; the front end of the pull rod front section is hinged to the front end of each folding rod or is fixedly connected to the tie rod plate or is fixedly connected in one direction, the rear end of the pull rod rear section is hinged to the rear end of each folding rod or is fixedly connected to the rib plate or is fixedly connected in one direction, and the rear end of the pull rod front section is fixedly connected to the front end of the pull rod rear section in one direction; the fixed connection here includes but is not limited to welding, threaded connection, pin connection, snap connection, clamping connection and other methods, such as attachment Fig.92 In the embodiment, before the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is re-expanded, the rear section of the pull rod is fixed on the rib-piercing disk by the jet-jet drill rod and the rear reverse limit device; after the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is re-expanded, the rear section of the pull rod is still fixed on the rib-piercing disk by the return spring and the rear reverse limit device in a clamping manner. The mutual one-way fixed connection here means that they can be close to or inserted into each other but cannot be separated from each other. At this time, there are two situations: the front section and the rear section of the pull rod are directly hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod; or the front section and the rear section of the pull rod are fixed or one-way fixedly connected to the tensioning plate or the piercing plate or other components, and the front end or the rear end of each folding rod is directly hinged to the tensioning plate or the piercing plate or other components, so that the front section and the rear section of the pull rod are indirectly hinged to the front end or the rear end of each folding rod; the one-way fixed connection here means that a one-way fixing device or step is fixedly provided on the extension section of the front section of the pull rod and the extension section of the rear section of the pull rod before the tensioning plate or after the piercing plate, and the one-way fixing device or step cannot pass through the tensioning plate or the piercing plate.

[0021] Furthermore, a stop device is provided on the anchor bar or the inner column, so that when the non-fixed end of the pressure column I reaches the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the tensioning plate or the piercing plate, it cannot be retracted; or when the pressure column II and the guide rail move toward each other until the pressure column II reaches the front end or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the tensioning plate or the piercing plate, the pressure column II and the guide rail cannot move away from each other; or when the front section of the pull rod and the rear section of the pull rod move away from each other until the rear end of the front section of the pull rod reaches the front end of the rear section of the pull rod, the front section of the pull rod and the rear section of the pull rod cannot move toward each other. This solution is applicable to the case where the umbrella-shaped expansion device has the possibility of retraction (such as in the case of an upward inclined hole), and this feature is applicable. When the umbrella is opened by using gravity plus pull rope / pull rod retraction or gravity plus push-pull mode, in the case where the umbrella-shaped expansion device has no possibility of retraction, such as a vertical downward inclined hole, for example, Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 5 As shown, it is usually not necessary to install a backstop device or a magnetic device (equivalent to the reset device described below). The centralizer can only pass through the backstop device in one direction;

[0022] And / or between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib plate and the rib plate, and / or between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib plate and the rib plate, and / or after the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or after the rib plate, a reset device is also provided, and the reset device is the expansion power for the umbrella cage to be re-expanded. The reset device is provided after the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, which means that the anchor bar is used as a slide rail or other components (such as an attached Fig.39 The connecting device shown in the figure can be used as a slide rail. The reset device is a reset spring and / or a piston cylinder and / or a magnetic device. The reset device can be set at any position and in any direction; the magnetic device includes a magnetic attraction device or a magnetic repulsion device;

[0023] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is folded forward:

[0024] If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring, and the reset spring is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic device, the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib-drawing disk and the rib-piercing disk;

[0025] If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring and the reset spring is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or is arranged behind the rib-piercing disk, and a rear support plate is provided; the tension spring is a tension spring (a spring that generates external pulling force when rebounding), and the compression spring is a compression spring (a spring that generates external pressure when rebounding).

[0026] If the reset device is a piston cylinder and is disposed longitudinally behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / behind the rib-piercing disk, a rear support plate is disposed behind the rear end of the piston cylinder;

[0027] The rear support plate is fixed on the anchor bar behind the reset device or is fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate; the fixed connection between the rear support plate and the reinforcement plate can be achieved by movably passing a rod, a tube, etc. through the reinforcement plate or movably covering the reinforcement plate, for example, Fig.39 The reset device can be used individually or in a single type, or multiple devices of the same or different types can be used in series or in parallel, such as the tension spring before the ribbed disc and the compression spring after the ribbed disc being used in series through the ribbed disc, or the reset spring and the piston cylinder or the reset spring and the magnetic device being used in combination.

[0028] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod set is folded in reverse:

[0029] If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring, and the reset spring is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the rib-drawing disk and the rib-piercing disk;

[0030] If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring, and the reset spring is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic device, the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / behind the rib-piercing disk, and a rear anchor plate is provided; if the reset device is a piston cylinder and is longitudinally arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / behind the rib-piercing disk, a rear anchor plate is provided behind the rear end of the piston cylinder; the rear anchor plate is fixed on the anchor bar behind the reset device or is fixedly connected to the rib-pulling disk. The rear support plate and the rear anchor plate can be split or integral.

[0031] The piston cylinder in this solution is a one-way piston cylinder or a two-way piston cylinder; the one-way piston cylinder is a one-way retracting piston cylinder or a one-way extending piston cylinder.

[0032] The fixed connection between the rear anchor plate and the reinforcing plate can be achieved by means of a rod, a tube or the like moving through it or movingly sleeved on the reinforcing plate. A tension spring is a stretch spring, and a compression spring is a compression spring. For the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds forward, the return spring can be a compression spring arranged after the reinforcing plate, or a tension spring arranged between the front hinge and the rear hinge or at other positions; for the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds backward, the tension and compression types are opposite; the return spring can also be a torsion spring or a spring steel sheet arranged between the long rod and the short rod, or between the folding rod and the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate, etc.; in addition, the return spring can also be a compression spring laterally sleeved on the stirrups between the folding rods (for example, an attached Fig.12 The piston cylinder can use air, water or cement slurry as the working medium, and use a pressure-resistant filling pipe or exhaust pipe as the medium pipe. One-way or two-way piston cylinders can be used, including hollow or solid piston cylinders.

[0033] Furthermore, as a prior art in the art, it is known that each of the folding rods includes a long rod and a short rod. The long rod and the short rod are hinged to each other; the folding rod is assembled in a forward or reverse direction; when the reset device is a torsion spring or a spring steel sheet, the reset device is arranged between the long rod and the short rod; wherein the forward assembly of the folding rod means that the long rod is in front, that is, the front end of the long rod is hinged to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the reverse assembly of the folding rod means that the short rod is in front, that is, the front end of the short rod is hinged to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group.

[0034] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is folded forward:

[0035] A bolt I or a push rod is also provided, and the bolt I or the push rod is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the tensioning plate and the piercing plate; or a bolt II or a pull bolt is provided, and also includes a rear anchor plate, and the bolt II or the pull bolt is arranged between the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the piercing plate and the rear anchor plate; this scheme is used for the expansion of the pre-collected umbrella-shaped expansion device by the bolt method and the pin latch method.

[0036] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod set is folded in reverse:

[0037] A rotary bolt II or a pull bolt is also provided, and the rotary bolt II or the pull bolt is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the tensioning plate and the piercing plate; or a rotary bolt I or a push rod is provided, and also includes a rear support plate, and the rotary bolt I or the push rod is arranged between the rear support plate and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the piercing plate, and the rear support plate is located behind the rear end of the piercing plate / the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear support plate is fixedly connected to the anchor bar or the tensioning plate; this scheme is used for the expansion of the pre-collected umbrella-shaped expansion device by the rotary bolt method, the pin latch method, the electromagnetic locking method, and the sleeve method.

[0038] When the rear support plate for the return spring and the rear anchor plate for the bolt, the pull bolt and the push rod are both implemented, or when the rear anchor plate for the return spring and the rear support plate for the bolt, the pull bolt and the push rod are both implemented, the rear support plate and the rear anchor plate can be combined to set an additional Fig.35 , 39 In addition, the rear anchor plate and the rear support plate can also be combined with the rear reverse limit device.

[0039] The bolt I is used to withstand pressure, the bolt II is used to withstand tension, the pull bolt is used to withstand tension, and the push rod is used to withstand pressure; the rear end of the bolt I or the bolt II or the pull bolt or the push rod is detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rear end / ribbed plate of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or is detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rear support plate or the rear anchor plate.

[0040] The locking and unlocking of the screw bolts I and II are implemented by the lateral rotation of themselves or the adjacent components, while the locking and unlocking of the pull bolt and the push rod are not related to the rotational movement and only produce longitudinal slippage. The screw bolt is unlocked by the lateral rotation of itself or the adjacent constraint components; the pull bolt and the push rod cannot be unlocked by lateral rotation, and need to be unlocked by removing the lateral and / or axial pin structure; the screw bolt is usually located on the central axis, while the pull bolt and the push rod do not need to be; the clamp bolt can be used in conjunction with a longitudinal elastic device, such as a bayonet lamp holder structure, which will not be described here.

[0041] The above-mentioned screw bolt can be a card bolt (for example, an attached Fig.36 , 37 As shown), it can also be a bolt; the detachable fixed connection method here includes threaded connection, buckle or bolt connection, magnetic connection, pin connection, etc.; the detachable fixed connection is for example in the attached Fig.19 In the embodiment, the bolt I is combined with the front part of the perfusion tube and the two ends of the bolt I are respectively fixedly connected with the reinforcing plate and the reinforcing plate by threads; the one-way fixed connection is for example in the attached Fig.32In the embodiment, the bolt I is combined with the front part of the perfusion pipe, the rear end of the bolt I is fixed to the reinforcing plate by bolts or clamps, and a reducing step is arranged at the front end of the bolt I. The perfusion pipe before the reducing step is a small diameter section, and the perfusion pipe after the reducing step is a large diameter section. The bolt I can only withdraw from the reinforcing plate backwards but cannot pass through the reinforcing plate forwards, that is, the bolt I is fixed at the reinforcing plate in one direction and is detachably fixed at the reinforcing plate at the same time; similarly, the attached Fig.33 The perfusion tube located between the front thread and the step Ⅰ is fixed as a screw bolt Ⅰ at the reinforcing plate in one direction. Because the step Ⅰ cannot pass through the reinforcing plate, the screw bolt Ⅰ cannot move forward, and the screw bolt Ⅰ can only move backward to exit the reinforcing plate, that is, the screw bolt Ⅰ is fixed at the reinforcing plate in one direction and is detachably fixed at the reinforcing plate at the same time; for example, the attached Fig.34 In the embodiment, the rear end of the bolt II movably passes through the rear anchor plate and is threadedly connected to the front end of the perfusion tube. The front end of the bolt II has a bolt cap so that the bolt II cannot pass through the rib plate backward. Before the threaded connection at the rear end of the bolt II is released, the bolt II can only move backward to pass through the rear anchor plate, but cannot move forward to exit the rear anchor plate, that is, the bolt II is detachably fixed to the rear anchor plate in one direction; for example, the attached Fig.38 The front end of the middle screw bolt I is fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end is movably inserted into the cup-shaped socket at the front end of the injection tube. The front end of the injection tube is threadedly connected to the rear anchor plate. Before the threaded connection between the injection tube and the rear anchor plate is released, the screw bolt I can only withdraw forward from the cup-shaped socket of the injection tube and cannot continue to be inserted into the injection tube backward, that is, the screw bolt I is detachably fixed in one direction at the rear anchor plate.

[0042] The one-way piston cylinder consists of a piston and a cylinder sleeve, and a sealing device II is provided between the piston and the cylinder sleeve;

[0043] The piston that extends out of the piston cylinder in one direction may be a plunger, or include a piston plate and a piston rod, and the cylinder sleeve includes a cylinder sleeve wall and a cylinder sleeve base; when the piston has the same diameter at the top and bottom, it is a plunger, otherwise it is divided into a piston plate and a piston rod.

[0044] When the one-way extending piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II only includes one seal, which is located on the outside of the plunger or solid piston plate and the inside of the cylinder wall. Fig.16 shown.

[0045] When the one-way extending piston cylinder is hollow, the cylinder liner wall includes the cylinder liner inner wall and the cylinder liner outer wall, and the sealing device II includes two single-group seals or one two-group seal. When there are two single-group seals, one is located on the inside of the plunger or hollow piston plate and the outside of the cylinder liner inner wall, and the other is located on the outside of the plunger or hollow piston plate and the inside of the cylinder liner outer wall; when there are two two-group seals, one is located on the inside of the plunger or hollow piston plate and the outside of the cylinder liner inner wall, and the other is located on the outside of the plunger or hollow piston plate and the inside of the cylinder liner outer wall. The sealing device II is arranged on the inside and outside of the hollow piston plate, such as the attached Fig.17As shown. The meanings of "channel" and "group" are: when the sealing device II is set at both the top and bottom of the cylinder sleeve, it is two channels; when the sealing device II is only set at the top or bottom of the cylinder sleeve, it is one channel; when the sealing device II is set on the outside of the solid plunger, it is a group, as shown in the applicant's prior application "Fusion structure of umbrella-shaped expansion device and easy-to-cut anchor rod or recyclable anchor rod cable" Fig.51 , 52 As shown; when the sealing device II is set on the outside and inside of the hollow plunger at the same height, it is a two-group system (for example, Fig.53 When it is set on the outside and inside of the hollow plunger at the same time and the elevation is different, it is a group of two (for example, as shown in the applicant's prior application "reverse folding umbrella-shaped enlarged head that follows up synchronously with the rotary grouting anchor cable").

[0046] The piston of the one-way retractable piston cylinder comprises a piston plate and a piston rod, and the cylinder sleeve comprises a cylinder sleeve wall and a cylinder sleeve base;

[0047] When the one-way retractable piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II includes two seals, one of which is a piston rod seal located between the solid piston rod and the cylinder liner base, and the other is a cylinder liner seal located between the solid piston plate and the cylinder liner wall; for example, Fig.15 shown.

[0048] When the one-way retracting piston cylinder is hollow, the piston plate is a hollow piston plate, the piston rod is a hollow piston rod or a solid piston rod, and the cylinder liner wall is a single-layer cylinder liner wall or includes the cylinder liner inner wall and the cylinder liner outer wall; the sealing device II includes two seals, one of which is a piston rod seal, located between the solid piston rod and the cylinder liner base, or between the hollow piston rod and the cylinder liner base; the other is a cylinder liner seal, and when the cylinder liner wall is an integral cylinder liner wall, the other seal is a cylinder liner seal as a group, located between the hollow piston plate and the cylinder liner wall; when the cylinder liner wall includes the cylinder liner inner wall and the cylinder liner outer wall, the other seal includes an inner group and an outer group, which are respectively located between the inner edge of the hollow piston plate and the inner wall of the cylinder liner, and between the outer edge of the hollow piston plate and the outer wall of the cylinder liner; for example, the attached Fig.52 , Attachment Fig.14 Each seal or each group of seals in each seal can be a single seal ring or a combined seal ring.

[0049] Furthermore, the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate without a hinge device, or is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate by being hinged to a front hinge device; the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate without a hinge device, or is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate by being hinged to a rear hinge device; the front hinge device is fixedly connected to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate, and the rear hinge device is fixedly connected to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate.

[0050] Furthermore, it also includes any one or more of the following structures:

[0051] Structure 1: It also includes a rigid rod or a pull rope; the front end of the rigid rod is connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the ribbed plate, and the rear end of the rigid rod extends backward out of the drill hole; the front end of the pull rope is connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the ribbed plate, and the rear end of the pull rope extends backward out of the drill hole. The function of the rigid rod is to apply a forward thrust or a backward pulling force to the ribbed plate, and cooperate with gravity or the push-pull action of the anchor bar to implement the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the pull rope is also used to cooperate with the rigid rod, anchor bar, and gravity to implement the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, but it can only be retracted and released but cannot be pushed forward, so it is relatively less applicable; the rigid rod and the pull rope can be combined with the perfusion tube and / or the measuring tool.

[0052] Structure 2: It also includes a measuring tool, the rear of which is marked with scale lines; the front end of the measuring tool is directly or indirectly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the reinforcing plate, and the rear end of the measuring tool extends backward out of the drill hole; and / or the umbrella planting tool carries an optical or physical detection device for verifying the expansion state of the umbrella cage. The measuring tool can be a measuring rope or a measuring rod, etc. The measuring tool can be combined with an injection pipe or a rigid rod or a rotary spray pipe or an exhaust pipe, etc. The scale lines are used to read the relative displacement value between the pull rope or the rigid rod and the anchor bar, and judge whether the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is open according to the relative displacement value and the displacement direction; the fixed connection method between the measuring tool and the reinforcing plate and the reinforcing plate can be threaded connection, welding, bonding, etc. Physical detection includes geophysical exploration methods, ultrasonic detection methods, etc. Optical detection devices refer to equipment such as muddy water cameras that use visible light or invisible light for detection. The detection device can be recycled and reused.

[0053] Structure three: It also includes one or more grouting pipes, the front end of which is connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the rear end of which extends backward out of the drill hole; the grouting pipe is set for grouting consolidation and / or anti-corrosion materials, and the grouting pipe can be a grouting pipe, a rotary jet grouting pipe (i.e., a rotary jet drill rod), a concrete pouring pipe, etc. The grouting pipes can use multiple parallel pipes of the same or different types (the drill rod power is single-axis or multi-axis); the grouting materials include cement slurry, fine stone concrete, cement mortar, etc.; when the grouting pipe enters between the tie rod plate and the piercing rod plate, the grouting pipe can be set in the inner column or surrounded by the inner column; the grouting pipe can be set in combination with the anchor bar.

[0054] Structure 4: It also includes an exhaust pipe, the front end of which is connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the rear end of which extends backward out of the borehole; the exhaust pipe is used to discharge air from the top of the up-inclined borehole or the top of the bag or the obstructed part of the down-inclined borehole during the pouring construction, and the overflow of the exhaust pipe can also be used as a sign to judge whether the consolidation material in the umbrella-shaped expansion device is fully poured.

[0055] Structure 5: Also includes stirrups and / or membrane bags, the membrane bags are used to separate the umbrella-shaped expansion device from the external environment during pouring construction; the folding rod is circumferentially tied by several layers of stirrups and / or membrane bags, the folding rod is fixedly connected to the stirrups at the intersection, and / or the folding rod is fixedly connected to the membrane bag.

[0056] Structure six: also includes setting a guide cap at the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the guide cap is fixed or one-way fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the one-way fixed connection here means that the guide cap can only move forward (within a certain range) and cannot move backward through the umbrella-shaped expansion device and the specific components connected thereto (such as a tensioning plate).

[0057] Structure 7: When the guide cap is movably connected to the reinforcing plate, an anti-slip device is provided at the rear of the guide cap, and the anti-slip device is located behind the reinforcing plate; the anti-slip device is used to prevent the guide cap from being separated from the umbrella-shaped expansion device. Preferably, the guide cap can move backward a certain distance but cannot be separated from the umbrella-shaped expansion device forward.

[0058] Structure 8: An anti-sag device is provided between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group;

[0059] Structure 9: A pushing device or a pulling device is provided between the umbrella planting tool and the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the pushing device or the pulling device is used to enable the umbrella-shaped expanding device to enter the anchor hole together with the umbrella planting tool; the pushing device is fixed on the umbrella planting tool, and the pushing device is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the pushed component of the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the unidirectional fixed connection here means that the pushing device cannot pass forward through the pushed component; the pulling device is arranged horizontally and connected to the pulled part of the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the umbrella planting tool pushes the rear side of the pulling device forward; or the pulling device is arranged longitudinally, and the front end of the pulling device is connected to the front end of the umbrella planting tool, and the rear end of the pulling device is connected to the pulled component of the umbrella-shaped expanding device;

[0060] When the pushing device is columnar and when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded to allow the pushing device to enter the non-fixed end of the pressure column I, the pushing device is also a receiving protrusion, and a taper (slope) is provided on its side to guide the non-fixed end of the pressure column I. At the same time, the pressure column I is tubular to match it.

[0061] Structure 10: The load conversion device is fixedly or detachably fixedly connected to the front end of the anchor bar, and the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device; when the tie bar plate or the piercing bar plate is not combined with the inner column, the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the tie bar plate or the piercing bar plate; when the tie bar plate or the piercing bar plate is combined with the inner column, the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the front end or rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the front end / tie bar plate of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the rear end of the anchor bar movably passes through the piercing bar plate; in the present application, the fixed connection or unidirectional fixed connection includes both direct connection and indirect connection, for example, the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixed to the front end of the inner column or the anchor plate, and the front end of the inner column or the anchor plate is fixedly or unidirectionally fixed to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / tie bar plate, thereby forming an indirect connection. Or the load conversion device is a U-shaped channel frame or a pulley frame, for the anchor bar to be movably passed through in a U shape, and the U-shaped channel frame or the pulley frame is connected to the front end or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group.

[0062] The one-way fixed connection in Structure 10 means that the load conversion device can only move forward at the installation position until it moves forward and exceeds the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device or the front end of the inner column by a certain distance, and cannot move backward to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device or behind the rear end of the inner column; even if the load conversion device is installed at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device or the rear end of the inner column (for example, the load conversion device is installed at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device or the rear end of the inner column) Fig.85 , Attachment Fig.92 The anchor bar is connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device by a load conversion device, or two adjacent or opposite anchor bars are combined into a U-shaped anchor bar, and the U-shaped channel frame is used as a load conversion device (for example, attached Fig.35 As shown in the figure, a recyclable anchor cable is realized, and at the same time, the anchor bar is flexibly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device by sleeve-mounted protective sleeves. The connection between the U-shaped channel frame, the pulley frame and the front end or rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group can be a fixed connection or a one-way fixed connection, or a longitudinally fixed or one-way fixed and laterally rotatable connection, or a flexibly connected connection but tightened and fixed on the tie plate or the piercing plate or the anchor plate by the joint action of the anchor bar and the jacking device, etc.

[0063] Structure 11: It also includes an orientation mechanism, which is used to ensure that when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is assembled, each folding rod remains in the same longitudinal section as the central axis of the tensioning plate and the piercing plate.

[0064] Structure 12: When the front hinge device or the rear hinge device is a vertical hinge plate, a rib beam is arranged beside the vertical hinge plate, the rib beam is fixed on the rib plate or the rib plate, and the rib beam is close to and perpendicular to the vertical hinge plate; when the front hinge device and the rear hinge device are hinged rods, an elastic device is arranged at the connection between the front hinge device and the rib plate, or at the connection between the rear hinge device and the rib plate;

[0065] Structure 13: A long rod extension is provided at the rear end of the long rod, and the long rod extension is fixedly connected to the rear end of the long rod at the middle hinge, or the long rod extension and the long rod are an integral structure; the length of the long rod extension is shorter than the short rod; or a boat-shaped member is provided, the boat-shaped member is connected to the middle hinge, and the pin of the middle hinge is used as the rotating shaft, and it rotates freely outside the middle hinge; the long rod extension extends along the axis of the long rod or bends inward, and / or the long rod extension is widened in the tangential direction to be a boat shape;

[0066] Structure 14: When the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate without a hinge device, or the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate without a hinge device, the front end or rear end of the folding rod is provided with a closed ring, and the reinforcement plate or the inner column is provided with a through hole, the closed ring moves through the through hole and is locked on the through hole, and the plane where the closed ring is located is perpendicular to the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate or the tangent direction of the inner column; when the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate by hinged to the front hinge device, the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front hinge device through the front hinge; when the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate by hinged to the rear hinge device, the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear hinge device through the rear hinge; each of the folding rods includes a long rod and a short rod, and the long rod and the short rod are hinged by a middle hinge; the front hinge, the middle hinge, and the rear hinge are all one of a connector-free hinge, a single-connector hinge, and a double-connector hinge, such as the attached Figures 79-83 The front hinge, middle hinge, and rear hinge shown in the figure include both connector-free hinges and single-connector hinges or double-connector hinges;

[0067] One side of the connector-free hinge is a ring plug or a ball or a closed ring; when one side of the connector-free hinge is a ring plug, the other side is a matching ring socket; when one side of the connector-free hinge is a ball, the other side is a matching ball seat; the ball seat has an opening extending in the longitudinal direction, for the ball to be fixedly connected to a long rod or a short rod or a front hinge device or a rear hinge device outside the opening, and the ball can rotate at any angle along the radial longitudinal section but cannot be separated from the ball seat; when one side of the connector-free hinge is a closed ring, the other side is also a closed ring, the two closed rings are locked with each other, the planes where the two closed rings are located are perpendicular to each other, and the ring hole of at least one closed ring is circular;

[0068] One side of the single connector hinge is a male connector or a female connector, the male connector is provided with a ring plug, and the female connector is provided with a ring socket; the other side of the single connector hinge is a ring socket or a ring plug that matches the male connector or the female connector;

[0069] One side of the double connector hinge is a male connector or a female connector, the male connector is provided with a ring plug, and the female connector is provided with a ring socket; the other side of the double connector hinge is a female connector or a male connector that matches the male connector or the female connector;

[0070] The connection structure of the annular plug and the annular socket is as follows: two mutually spaced rings are fixed in parallel on the annular socket, the annular plug is inserted into the gap between the two rings of the annular socket, the annular hole of at least one of the annular socket and the annular plug is circular, and the hinge pin passes through the annular holes of both the annular socket and the annular plug at the same time.

[0071] In the present structure, the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front hinge device through a front hinge, and the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear hinge device through a rear hinge; each folding rod includes a long rod and a short rod, and the long rod and the short rod are hinged through a middle hinge; the front hinge, the middle hinge, and the rear hinge are all one of a connector-free hinge, a single-connector hinge, and a double-connector hinge; one side of the connector-free hinge is a ring-shaped plug or a ball or a closed ring; when one side of the connector-free hinge is a ring-shaped plug, the other side is a ring-shaped socket that matches it; the plug and the socket are arbitrarily matched with the long rod and the short rod and fixedly connected respectively; or the plug and the socket are arbitrarily matched with the folding rod, the front hinge device, or the rear hinge device and fixedly connected respectively (such as the front and rear hinge rods); or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device itself is a plug or a socket (such as a hinge plate, a hinge table, or a hinge groove), which is matched with the socket or plug fixed on the other side of the hinge at the front end of the long rod or the rear end of the short rod. When one side of the connectorless hinge is a ball, the other side is a ball seat that matches it; the ball seat has an opening extending in the longitudinal direction, for the ball to be fixedly connected to the long rod or short rod or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device outside the opening, and the ball can rotate at any angle along the radial longitudinal section but cannot be separated from the ball seat. The ball and the ball seat are arbitrarily matched with the long rod or the short rod and fixedly connected; or the ball and the ball seat are arbitrarily matched with the folding rod, the front hinge device or the rear hinge device and fixedly connected (such as the front and rear hinge rods); or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device itself is a ball or a ball seat, which matches the ball seat or ball fixed to the front end of the long rod or the rear end of the short rod on the other side of the hinge. When one side of the connectorless hinge is a closed ring, the other side is also a closed ring, and the two closed rings are locked with each other, the planes where the two closed rings are located are perpendicular to each other, and the ring hole of at least one closed ring is circular. The two closed rings are arbitrarily matched with the long rod and the short rod and fixedly connected respectively; or the two closed rings are arbitrarily matched with the folding rod, the front hinge device or the rear hinge device and fixedly connected respectively (such as the front and rear hinge rods); or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device itself is a closed ring (such as a hinge ring), which is matched with the closed ring fixed on the other side of the hinge to the front end of the long rod or the rear end of the short rod.

[0072] One side of the single connector hinge is a male connector or a female connector, the male connector is provided with a ring plug, and the female connector is provided with a ring socket; the other side of the single connector hinge is a ring socket or a ring plug that matches the male connector or the female connector. The male connector, the ring socket or the female connector, and the ring plug are arbitrarily matched with the long rod and the short rod and fixedly connected respectively; or the male connector, the ring socket or the female connector, and the ring plug are arbitrarily matched with the folding rod, the front hinge device or the rear hinge device and fixedly connected respectively (such as the front and rear hinge rods); or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device itself is a male connector, a ring socket or the female connector, and a ring plug (such as a hinged table, a groove, a plate), and matches with the ring socket, the male connector or the ring plug, and the female connector fixed at the front end of the long rod or the rear end of the short rod on the other side of the hinge.

[0073] One side of the double connector hinge is a male connector or a female connector, the male connector is provided with a ring plug, and the female connector is provided with a ring socket; the other side of the double connector hinge is a female connector or a male connector that matches the male connector or the female connector. The male connector and the female connector are matched with the long rod and the short rod respectively and fixedly connected; or the male connector and the female connector are matched with the folding rod, the front hinge device or the rear hinge device respectively and fixedly connected (such as the front and rear hinge rods); or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device itself is a male connector or a female connector (such as a hinge table or a groove), which matches the female connector or the male connector fixed at the front end of the long rod or the rear end of the short rod on the other side of the hinge.

[0074] The connection structure of the annular plug and the annular socket is as follows: two mutually spaced rings are fixed in parallel on the annular socket, the annular plug is inserted into the gap between the two rings of the annular socket, the annular hole of at least one of the annular socket and the annular plug is circular, and the hinge pin passes through the annular holes of both the annular socket and the annular plug at the same time.

[0075] Structure 15: An air bag or a liquid bag, and a pressure-resistant tube leading from the air bag or the liquid bag to the outside of the drill hole are provided, wherein the air bag or the liquid bag is used for re-expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; a safety valve with a preset opening pressure value is provided on the air bag or the liquid bag; the air bag or the liquid bag is installed between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or between the tensioning plate and the piercing plate, or at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or behind the piercing plate.

[0076] Structure 16: When the sealing ring in the sealing device II is an O-ring, the sealing device II also includes a square groove and an arc groove that cooperate with each other, and the square groove and the arc groove are respectively located on the piston and the cylinder sleeve on both sides of the O-ring; for a one-way extending piston cylinder: the sealing device II is arranged at the top and / or bottom of the cylinder sleeve; when the sealing device II is located at the top of the piston cylinder, the piston side is an arc groove, and the cylinder sleeve side is a square groove; when the sealing device II is located at the bottom of the piston cylinder, the piston side is a square groove, and the cylinder sleeve side is an arc groove; for a one-way retracting piston cylinder: the sealing device II is arranged at the top and bottom of the cylinder sleeve at the same time; when the sealing device II is located at the top of the piston cylinder, the piston side is a square groove, and the cylinder sleeve side is an arc groove; when the sealing device II is located at the bottom of the piston cylinder, the piston side is an arc groove, and the cylinder sleeve side is a square groove; wherein the cylinder sleeve base end is the bottom end of the cylinder sleeve, and the other side is the top; the application of the O-ring is, for example, attached Figures 15 to 17 shown.

[0077] When the sealing ring in the sealing device II is a Y-type sealing ring, the sealing device II further includes a step IV and a clamping device, and the Y-type sealing ring is installed between the step IV and the clamping device; the opening of the Y-type sealing ring faces the medium chamber; the clamping device is usually a ring nut; and the application of the Y-type sealing ring is as follows Fig.14As shown. For a one-way extending piston cylinder: when the piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II is arranged on the outer edge of the plunger or the solid piston plate; when the piston cylinder is hollow, the sealing device II is arranged on both the outer edge and the inner edge of the plunger or the hollow piston plate; for a one-way retracting piston cylinder: the sealing device II is arranged on both the outer edge of the solid piston plate or the hollow piston plate and the inner edge of the cylinder liner base;

[0078] Structure 17: The umbrella-shaped expansion device is also connected in parallel or in series with a centering bracket of the expansion section, and the centering bracket includes a bracket folding rod group that folds forward or backward, and the bracket folding rod group includes at least three bracket folding rods that are angled to each other, and a plurality of stirrups are provided to be fixedly connected to each of the bracket folding rods, and a reset spring for the bracket folding rod group to re-tension is also provided; the bracket folding rod includes a bracket long rod and a bracket short rod, and the bracket long rod and the bracket short rod are hinged to each other through a hinge in the bracket, the bracket long rod is hinged to the front end / rear end of the bracket folding rod group, and the bracket short rod is hinged to the rear end / front end of the bracket folding rod group. The bracket folding rod group can adopt different long rod and short rod sizes from the umbrella-shaped folding rod group to achieve the centering bracket's self-adaptation to changes in the aperture of the expansion section within a certain range.

[0079] Furthermore, the length of the guide rail is less than the length of the pressure column II; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, the sum of the lengths of the guide rail and the pressure column II is greater than the distance from the front hinge to the rear hinge in the folded state of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, the sum of the lengths of the guide rail and the pressure column II is greater than the distance from the front hinge to the rear hinge in the expanded state of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The expanded state refers to the umbrella-shaped folding rod group expanded to a set state.

[0080] Furthermore, it also includes a blunt head; the function of the blunt head is to increase the pressure-bearing area of ​​the pressure-bearing column and avoid stress concentration. When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, the blunt head is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the end of the pressure-bearing column I or the pressure-bearing column II, and when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in an expanded state, the blunt head contacts the tensioning plate and / or the piercing plate; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, the connection method of the blunt head includes any one of the following: the blunt head is set at the non-fixed end of one of the guide rail and the pressure-bearing column II, and the other non-fixed end is provided with a limit device II and a backstop device; the blunt head can pass through the backstop device in one direction, but cannot pass through the limit device II; the blunt head is set at the non-fixed end of one of the guide rail and the pressure-bearing column II, and the other non-fixed end is provided with a backstop device, and a limit device I is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the piercing plate; the blunt head can pass through the backstop device in one direction, and the piercing plate cannot pass through the limit device I. In addition, in order to prevent the fixed end from rushing too far past the slurry discharge hole under the action of inertia, the positive folding umbrella cage can also be provided with a limit device II, such as the attached Fig.94 shown.

[0081] The blunt head is arranged at the rear end of the front section of the pull rod or the front end of the rear section of the pull rod, and the front end of the rear section of the pull rod or the rear end of the front section of the pull rod is provided with a limit device II, and the blunt head and the limit device II cannot pass through each other.

[0082] Based on the expansion method of the above-mentioned inner column umbrella-shaped expansion device, one or more of the following methods are used to achieve the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section: using gravity, using gravity plus a pull rope / pull rod to retract and release method, using gravity plus a push-pull method, a push-pull method, using a piston cylinder to drive, using a reset spring to drive, and using an electromagnetic drive; among which the method using a piston cylinder to drive includes a one-way piston cylinder method and a two-way piston cylinder method; the method using a reset spring to drive includes an adaptive re-tensioning method and a pre-collection and unlocking re-tensioning method, and the pre-collection and unlocking re-tensioning method includes a horizontal distance locking re-tensioning method, a longitudinal distance locking re-tensioning method, and an angle locking re-tensioning method. For example, Figure 7 The push-pull method is shown; for example, Fig.11 , Attachment Fig.12 It is an adaptive re-expansion method; the characteristic of the present application when applying this method is that during the anchoring process, the umbrella-shaped expander device is passively contracted due to the squeezing of the borehole wall, and the reset spring produces an adaptive deformation. When the umbrella-shaped expander device enters the expansion section and has expansion space, the reset spring produces an adaptive rebound, driving the umbrella-shaped expander device to re-expand.

[0083] The retracting and releasing tools used in the gravity plus pull rope / pull rod retracting and releasing method are not limited in rigidity or flexibility, including pull ropes, anchor bars, injection pipes, exhaust pipes, measuring tools, etc. (for example, attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 , Attachment Fig.13 The push-pull method uses push-pull tools including rigid rods, anchor bars, injection pipes, exhaust pipes, measuring tools, etc. (for example, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the perfusion tube is pushed forward and the anchor bar is pulled backward. Only pushing, only pulling or a combination of pushing and pulling can make the umbrella-shaped expansion device expand again. The pushing action requires a rigid component, while the pulling action does not limit the rigidity or flexibility. In order to increase the thrust, the rigid rod can also be hammered or subjected to high-frequency impact. The push-pull tools used in the gravity-assisted push-pull method include rigid rods, anchor bars, perfusion tubes, exhaust pipes, measuring tools, etc. (for example, attached Figure 4 , Attachment Figure 5 , Attachment Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 8 As shown), hammering method and impact method can also be implemented.

[0084] Furthermore, the horizontal locking and re-tensioning methods include the latch method, the sleeve method, the hot melt method, the transverse knotting method, the transverse tethering method, the rotary spraying and breaking method, the rope winding method, and the gas-liquid pin method; the latch method includes the full-length pin method and the self-carrying short pin method of the perfusion tube; the full-length pin method includes the solid pin method and the tube pin method; the longitudinal locking and re-tensioning methods include the bolt method, the pin latch method, the electromagnetic locking method, the air bag or liquid bag method, the hot melt method, the clamp method, the longitudinal knotting method, the longitudinal tethering method, and the rotary spraying and breaking method; the one-way piston cylinder method includes the one-way retraction type and the one-way extension type; in addition, the expansion method of the inner column umbrella-shaped expansion equipment also includes: the rotary spraying and breaking method, the knotting method, the tethering method, the push rod method, the rope winding method, the pneumatic or hydraulic pin method, the clamp locking method, etc., refer to the prior art such as the "pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device" applied by the applicant before, which will not be repeated here.

[0085] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0086] 1. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device and the expansion method thereof of the present invention solve the problem that the prior art uses a structural component as a key component for bearing pressure of the umbrella-shaped expansion head, but it has not been able to be mounted on the central bolt of the pre-collected umbrella-shaped expansion device, and it has not been able to achieve the minimum cross-sectional area cost-effectiveness and the most space-saving, thereby realizing the optimal pre-collected three-hinge pressure-bearing structure, further clearing the obstacles for the promotion and application of the pre-collected umbrella-shaped expansion head.

[0087] 2. The existing hydraulic expansion method and mechanism are only designed for expanding the umbrella cage, which adds a lot of cost and has basically no practical significance. The present application takes a unique approach, combining the piston cylinder expansion mechanism with the inner column pressure-bearing structure of the present invention, and adopts a one-way retractable piston cylinder without precedent, so that the piston cylinder expansion method has the cost qualification to compete with other types of re-expansion methods including the use of return springs, artificial gravity, etc.

[0088] 3. In the existing technology, when there is no structural component involved, whether the integral limiting device is mounted on the anchor bar or fixed separately on the tie plate or the through-bar plate, it cannot solve the problem that during the anchoring process, the tie plate and the through-bar plate become skewed after the umbrella cage is re-tensioned (that is, the axis of the tie plate and the through-bar plate form an angle with the axis of the anchor bar pull-out force, that is, the axis of the anchor bar pull-out force is not perpendicular to the tie plate and the through-bar plate), thereby causing the umbrella-shaped enlarged head to fail. The present application solves the problem that the above-mentioned integral limiting device is unsafe as a compressive component when separated from the structural component, and avoids the risk of overall failure of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in order to simplify the pressure-bearing structure.

[0089] 4. The existing split-type limit device needs to be fixed on the anchor bar or structural member, which causes many problems in the fixing method, and the integral limit device must be used in conjunction with the structural member. Therefore, whether relative to the split-type limit device or the integral limit device, the present invention simplifies the manufacturing process of the pressure-bearing structure, so that the manufacturing cost of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head is also significantly reduced.

[0090] 5. The present invention completely gets rid of the constraints of the original structural components' inherent structure and movement mode, changes the outer column into an inner column, and greatly shortens the force-adding (pressure-bearing / tensile-resistant) components that are crucial to the three-hinge structure. By avoiding the potential harm to the tunneling and conveying system of the shield machine caused by the installation of long and large steel components, the environmental friendliness of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head technology is achieved. Without using easy-to-cut materials, it is in line with the progressive trend of using recyclable anchor bars and engineering design, and solves the bottleneck problem restricting the application of umbrella-shaped enlarged heads. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0091] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0092] Figure 1 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped body expansion device implemented by the present invention in which the longitudinal distance is locked, implanted in a pre-contracted state, and re-expanded by a reset spring; Figure 2 This is a structural example diagram of the present invention, in which a single anchor bar outer jacket pressure column I is provided, and an umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded by gravity plus a pull rope retracting and releasing method; Figure 3 This is a structural example diagram of the present invention, which is provided with a single anchor bar jacket telescopic pressure-bearing column, and uses gravity plus a pull rope to retract and release the umbrella-shaped expansion device; Figure 4 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device provided with a multi-anchor-bar jacket pressure-bearing column I in the present invention, which is expanded by gravity and push-pull mode; Figure 5 This is a structural example diagram of an umbrella-shaped expansion device with multiple anchor bars and a central pressure-bearing column I, which is expanded by gravity plus push-pull; Figure 6 This is a structural example diagram of an umbrella-shaped expansion device with a single anchor bar and multiple independent pressure-bearing columns I, which is expanded by gravity plus push-pull; Figure 7 This is a structural example diagram of an umbrella-shaped expansion device with multiple anchor bars, a central telescopic pressure-bearing column, and a push-pull method; Figure 8 This is a structural example diagram of an umbrella-shaped expansion device with a single anchor bar and multiple independent telescopic pressure-bearing columns, which is expanded by gravity plus push-pull;

[0093] Fig. 9 This is a structural example diagram of the present invention, in which the horizontal distance locking is implemented by the tube pin locking method, the umbrella-shaped body expansion device is implanted in a pre-contracted state, and the umbrella-shaped body expansion device is re-expanded by a reset spring; Fig.10This is a structural example diagram of the present invention in which the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a buttress state by pushing with anchor bars, pulling with bolts, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded by a reset spring driving mode; Fig.11 This is a structural example diagram of the present invention in which the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a buttress state by a jet-jet drill rod and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded by a return spring; Fig.12 This is a structural example diagram of the present invention in which the umbrella-shaped expansion device is folded in reverse, pushed by anchor bars and implanted in a buttress state, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded by a reset spring; Fig.13 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention which is folded in reverse and expanded by gravity plus push-pull mode; Fig.14 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention that is folded forward and expanded by a hollow one-way retracting piston cylinder; Fig.15 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention that is folded forward and expanded by a solid unidirectional retracting piston cylinder; Fig.16 This is a structural example diagram of the reverse folding and umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention with a solid one-way extending piston cylinder; Fig.17 This is a structural example diagram of the reverse folding, re-expanding, rotary spraying self-contained umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention using a hollow one-way extending piston cylinder; Fig.18 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device for the self-contained film bag of the rotary spraying by the latch method of the present invention; Fig.19 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device carrying a retrievable anchor cable by bolt rotation method I of the present invention; Fig. 20 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device for re-expanding by bolt-twisting method I of the present invention; Fig.21 This is an example diagram of the structure in which the telescopic pressure-bearing column and the one-way retracting piston cylinder are combined and arranged in the present invention; Fig. 22 This is an example diagram of the structure in which the telescopic pressure-bearing column and the one-way retracting piston cylinder are combined and arranged in the present invention; Fig.23 This is a plane position relationship diagram of the collar I, the perfusion tube, the latch I, the rope, and the folding rod; Fig.24 This is the plane position relationship diagram of the collar II, the perfusion tube, the latch I, and the folding rod; Fig.25 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the casing method of the present invention; Fig.26 This is an example diagram of the longitudinal section of a lattice column type telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig. 27 for Fig.26 corresponding cross-sectional views; Fig.28 This is an example diagram of the longitudinal section of a lattice column type telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.29 for Fig.28 corresponding cross-sectional views; Fig.30 This is an example diagram of the exterior facade of the lattice column grid type telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.31 for Fig.30 corresponding cross-sectional views; Fig.32 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the bolt-turning method of the present invention; Fig.33This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the bolt-turning method of the present invention; Fig.34 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the bolt-turning method of the present invention; Fig.35 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the pin latch method of the present invention; Fig.36 A cross-sectional view showing an example of a locking and unlocking structure of a card bolt; Fig.37 for Fig.36 The corresponding longitudinal section; Fig.38 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the bolt-turning method of the present invention; Fig.39 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention using the electromagnetic driving method or the electromagnetic locking method; Fig.40 This is an example diagram of a special-shaped articulated device; Fig.41 This is an example diagram of the longitudinal section of the lattice column type pressure column I; Fig.42 for Fig.41 Corresponding cross-section example diagram; Fig.43 This is an example diagram of a special-shaped telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.44 This is an example diagram of a special-shaped telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.45 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using the full-length pin method of the present invention; Fig.46 It is a schematic diagram of the sleeve ring II in the full-length pin method;

[0094] Fig.47 It is a schematic diagram of the sleeve ring I in the through-length pin method; Fig.48 It is a schematic diagram of the bundle ring in the through-length pin method; Fig.49 It is a schematic diagram of the looping in the through-length pin method; Fig.50 It is a schematic diagram of the U-shaped loop in the through-length pin method; Fig.51 It is a schematic diagram of the O-type ring in the through-length pin method; Fig.52 It is a schematic diagram of a self-contained umbrella-shaped expansion device for jet grouting, which uses anchor bars as a blocking directional mechanism and a one-way retractable piston cylinder as a telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.53 It is a schematic diagram of a reverse folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group with a self-orienting mechanism and a one-way extending piston cylinder as a telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.54 It is a schematic diagram of a reverse folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group with a self-orienting mechanism and a one-way extending piston cylinder as a telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.55 It is a schematic diagram of a folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group with a self-orienting mechanism and a one-way retractable piston cylinder as a telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.56 It is a schematic diagram of a folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group with a self-orienting mechanism and a one-way retractable piston cylinder as a telescopic pressure-bearing column; Fig.57 It is a schematic diagram of using a vertical hinged plate type orientation mechanism and applying a tie ring and a pipe pin to implement recruitment; Figure 58 to Figure 62 Schematic diagrams of different implementations of hinged plates; Figures 63 to 65 Schematic diagrams of different implementations of hinge slots;

[0095] Fig.66, 67 Schematic diagrams of different implementations of the articulated table; Fig.68 is a schematic diagram of a hinged ring; Fig.69 is a schematic diagram of a special-shaped hinged ring; Fig.70 is a schematic diagram of a hinge without a connector; Fig.71 is a schematic diagram of a single connector hinge; Fig.72 is a schematic diagram of a double connector hinge; Fig.73 is a schematic diagram of a single connector hinge; Fig.74 For Fig.73 Sectional view along the GG direction line; Fig.75 is a schematic diagram of a hinge without a connector; Fig.76 is a schematic diagram of a single connector hinge; Fig.77 is a schematic diagram of a hinge without a connector; Fig.78 For Fig.77 Sectional view along the HH direction line; Figures 79 to 81 A schematic diagram of a cross section of a parachute cage with a fixing or arresting device for a vertical hinged rod; Fig.82 A schematic diagram of a cross section of an umbrella cage when using a vertical hinged plate; Fig.83 is a schematic diagram of a cross section of an umbrella cage when using a transverse hinged plate; Fig.84 for Fig.52 A cross-sectional view through the FF direction line;

[0096] Fig.85 It is a schematic diagram of the front and rear positions of the anchor head and the load transfer device; Fig.86 , Fig.87 It is a schematic diagram of the rear-positioned piston cylinder and two different connection methods with the inner column; Fig.88 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention using the hoop method for the case of the pressure column I being divided into sections; Fig.89a , 89b They are Fig.88 Schematic diagram of cross section before and after the middle hoop is closed; Fig.90 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device of the present invention using a hoop method when the pressure column I is not segmented; Fig.91 This is a structural example diagram of the umbrella-shaped expansion device using a telescopic pressure-bearing column and a hoop method to expand the umbrella-shaped expansion device according to the present invention; Fig.92 , Fig.93 They are respectively a self-contained anti-folding active umbrella-shaped expansion device for jet grouting in which the load conversion device is arranged at the front side of the reinforcing plate, and a self-contained anti-folding passive umbrella-shaped expansion device for jet grouting; Fig.94 The one-way retractable piston cylinder and the telescopic pressure-bearing column are combined and arranged in the forward folding umbrella-shaped expansion device. Fig.95 The one-way retractable piston cylinder and the reverse extending telescopic pressure-bearing column are combined and arranged in a reverse folding umbrella-shaped expansion device; Fig.96This is a diagram showing an example of the structure of a telescopic pull rod and a one-way extending piston cylinder combined in a reverse folding umbrella-shaped expansion device.

[0097] Marks and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings:

[0098] 1-guide cap, 2-load conversion device, 3-tension plate, 4-anchor bar, 5-blunt head, 6-long rod, 7-short rod, 8-threading plate, 9-hoops, 10-anchor plate, 11-thrust bearing Ⅰ, 12-injection pipe, 12-1-jet drilling rod, 12-2-grouting pipe, 13-measuring tool, 14-threaded connection, 15-retracting device, 16-rigid rod, 17-earring, 18-connecting rope, 19-front hinge device, 20-one-way fixing device, 21-rear hinge device, 22-limiting device Ⅰ, 23-spring seat, 24-middle hinge, 25-positioning piece, 26-front hinge, 27-rear hinge, 28-exhaust pipe, 29-circlip, 30-anti-sag device, 31-slurry discharge hole, 32-thrust device, 33- slurry hole, 34-hinge pin, 35-anti-slip device, 36-fixed connection, 37-1-pressure column Ⅰ, 37-2-pressure column Ⅱ, 38-reset spring, 39-guide rail, 40-boat-shaped part, 41-scale line, 42-membrane bag, 42-1-outer membrane bag, 42-2-front membrane bag, 42-3-inner membrane bag, 43-long rod extension, 44-rear support plate, 45-receiving pit, 46-slope, 47-steel ball, 48-card slot, 49-pull rope, 50-ring Ⅰ, 51-spring steel sheet, 52-protective sleeve, 53-bracket, 54-centralizer, 55-spring hook, 56-anchor pipe, 57-exhaust hole, 58-solid piston plate, 59-sealing device Ⅰ, 60-pin Ⅰ, 61-limiting device Ⅱ, 6 2-sealing device II, 63-grabbing nail, 64-recoverable functional anchor head, 65-thrust bearing II, 66-step I, 67-push-pull plate, 68-reverse pull head, 69-step II, 70-step III, 71-thrust bearing III, 72-propelling head, 73-fixed end II, 74-pressure column II crossbeam, 75-fixed end III, 76-guide rail crossbeam, 77-fixed end I, 78-pressure column I crossbeam, 79-sleeve, 80-sliding channel, 81-rotating bolt I, 82-thrust rod, 83-rear anchor plate, 84-bolt head, 85-bolt tail, 86-export, 87-throw ring II, 88-waterproof electromagnet, 89-support, 90-electric conductor, 91-pull bolt, 92-pin latch, 93-bolt II, 94-pin pull rope, 95-withdrawal Latch spring, 96-slot hole Ⅰ, 97-slot hole Ⅱ, 98-solid piston rod, 99-single-layer cylinder sleeve wall, 100-liquid inlet pipe, 101-pin Ⅲ, 102-connecting device, 103-receiving protrusion, 104-tie rope, 105-U-shaped card, 106-tie ring, 107-ring, 108-rope, 109-vertical hinge plate, 110-transverse hinge plate, 111-hollow piston rod, 112-piston rod seal, 113-hollow piston plate, 114-cylinder sleeve base, 115-cylinder sleeve inner wall, 116-cylinder sleeve inner wall seal, 117-cylinder sleeve outer wall, 118-cylinder sleeve outer wall seal, 119-rear reverse limit device, 120-ring hole, 121-ring plug, 122-perforation, 123-female connector,124-male connector, 125-closed ring, 126-bayonet, 127-front hinge pin, 128-middle hinge pin, 129-front hinge rod, 130-annular socket, 131-arresting device I, 132-inner column, 133-pin cap, 134-rear hinge rod, 135-rear hinge pin, 136-front nut, 137-shim, 138-hollow screw, 139-rear nut, 140-anchor plate, 141-end plate, 142 - stirrup positioning device, 143-cup-shaped socket, 144-rotating jet, 145-screw bolt II, 146-bolt cap, 147-plunger, 148-fixing device I, 149-fixing device II, 150-front section of middle hinge, 151-rear section of middle hinge, 152-blocking device II, 153-fixing device IV, 154-hoop, 154-1-left half arc of hoop, 154-2-right half arc of hoop, 155-front section of pressure column I, 156-latch IV , 157-mounting pin, 158-mounting pin hole, 159-pin hole, 160-blind hole, 161-ejection spring, 162-rear section of pressure column Ⅰ, 163-wedge-shaped boss, 163-1-wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ, 163-2-wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ, 164-wedge-shaped pit, 165-matching groove bottom surface, 166-protective device, 167-medium chamber, 168-pressing device, 169-cylinder liner seal, 170-step Ⅳ, 171-square groove, 17 2-arc groove, 173-tension column, 174-nozzle, 175-front section of pull rod, 176-rear section of pull rod, 177-front reverse limit device, 178-rear reverse limit device, 179-U-shaped slot frame, 180-pin channel hole, 181-reverse extension section of pressure column II, 182-reverse extension section of guide rail, 183-Y-type sealing ring, 184-O-type sealing ring, 185-driving coil I, 186-front section of pressure column, 187-rear section of pressure column. , DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0099] Embodiment 1:

[0100] The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device comprises a plurality of anchor bars 4, a plurality of load conversion devices 2, and a plurality of umbrella-shaped expansion devices, each umbrella-shaped expansion device comprises at least one umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is forward folding or reverse folding, each umbrella-shaped folding rod group comprises a plurality of folding rods, and at the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the folding rods are centrally hinged and constrained to be centrally symmetrical; the load conversion device 2 is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device, the anchor bars 4 are fixedly or detachably fixed or movable The load conversion device 2 is dynamically installed on the load conversion device, and the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device; it also includes a tie plate 3 and / or a rib-piercing plate 8, and also includes a plurality of longitudinally distributed inner columns, which are used to bear the pressure between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the number of inner columns is one, the inner column is located on the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, including the situation where the inner column is tubularly sleeved on the outside of the anchor bar; when the number of inner columns is greater than or equal to two, the inner columns are distributed in a ring around the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. It also includes a tie plate 3 and / or a rib-piercing plate 8;

[0101] The reinforcement plate 3 is located at the rear side of the load conversion device 2, and the load conversion device 2 cannot pass through the reinforcement plate 3; the anchor bar 4 is fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate 3 or the load conversion device 2 is fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate 3, or the anchor bar 4 movably passes through the reinforcement plate 3; the load conversion device is fixed to the front end of the anchor bar, and the anchor bar is fixed to the reinforcement plate, and the load conversion device can be fixed to the reinforcement plate and the anchor bar respectively, or the reinforcement plate can be fixed to the load conversion device and the anchor bar respectively, or the anchor bar can be fixed to the load conversion device and the reinforcement plate respectively; the three can be fixed to each other by means of threaded connection, snap connection, bonding, welding, pin connection, etc., or the anchor bar can movably pass through the reinforcement plate; the anchor bar movably passes through the reinforcement plate, including two situations: there is no device close to the rear side of the reinforcement plate, or a pushing device is provided, and the pushing device is fixedly connected to the anchor bar or the reinforcement plate. For non-bonded anchor cables or recyclable anchor cables, the pushing device or fixing part on the rear side of the reinforcement plate is usually combined with the sealing device I, for example, attached Fig.19 , Attachment Fig.39 shown.

[0102] When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed into the borehole by the rotary jet drill rod 12-1, the rotary jet drill rod 12-1 is unidirectionally fixedly connected or detachably fixedly connected to the pushed part; the rear end of the anchor bar 4 moves through the rib-piercing disk 8; the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is forward folding or reverse folding; the case where the middle hinge is located between the rib-tensioning disk and the rib-piercing disk is forward folding, otherwise it is reverse folding, that is: when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in a folded (i.e., retracted) state and is forwardly assembled, the middle hinge is located between the rib-tensioning disk and the rib-piercing disk / between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group for forward folding, and the middle hinge is located on the rear side of the rear end of the rib-piercing disk / umbrella-shaped folding rod group for reverse folding; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in a folded (i.e., retracted) state and is reversely assembled, the middle hinge is located between the rib-tensioning disk and the rib-piercing disk / between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group for forward folding, and the middle hinge is located on the front side of the front end of the rib-tensioning disk / umbrella-shaped folding rod group for reverse folding. An upward hole refers to a hole drilled upward from a horizontal plane (with an upward angle of 0 to 90 degrees, including a vertical upward hole), a downward hole refers to a hole drilled downward from a horizontal plane (with a downward angle of 0 to 90 degrees, including a vertical downward hole), and a horizontal hole refers to a hole drilled in a horizontal direction (i.e., the inclination angle is 0 degrees). The umbrella-shaped folding rod group is composed of a plurality of folding rods, the front end of the folding rod is directly or indirectly hinged to the reinforcement plate 3, and the rear end of the folding rod is directly or indirectly hinged to the reinforcement plate 8; the umbrella-shaped expansion device or umbrella-shaped expansion device or umbrella-shaped folding rod group is referred to as an umbrella cage.

[0103] Each folding rod includes a long rod 6 and a short rod 7, and the long rod 6 and the short rod 7 are hinged by a middle hinge 24; usually the long rod is in the front and the short rod is in the back, but sometimes in order to center the umbrella-shaped enlarged head in the reaming section and do not want to increase the cost of the centering bracket, the long rod can be in the back and the short rod in the front, that is, the short rod is hinged to the reinforcement plate, and the long rod is hinged to the through-reinforcement plate, although the pull-out resistance effect is not good; of course, the forward-assembled folding rod group and the reverse-assembled folding rod group can also be connected in parallel. The hinge between the front end of the folding rod and the reinforcement plate, and the hinge between the rear end and the through-reinforcement plate, include direct hinge and indirect hinge; indirect hinge, for example, the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the anchor bar, or hinged to the telescopic pressure column or telescopic pull rod or pressure column I, or hinged to the jacking device or the load conversion device, etc., so as to be indirectly hinged to the reinforcement plate (for example, attached Figures 21-22 , 53-56).

[0104] The front end of the folding rod in the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is hinged to the reinforcing plate 3 through the front hinge device 19, and the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the reinforcing plate 8 through the rear hinge device 21; the front hinge device 19 is fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 3, and the rear hinge device 21 is fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 8;

[0105] The ends of the long rod and the short rod are either circular hole rings or balls, or are fixedly connected to the connector; the connector has a hinge pin 34 that matches the circular hole ring, or has a ball seat that matches the ball; the long rod and the short rod are hinged to the adjacent components through the circular hole rings or balls or connectors at the ends.

[0106] The front hinge 26, the middle hinge 24, and the rear hinge 27 are one of a connectorless hinge, a single-connector hinge, or a double-connector hinge; the single-connector hinge is a male connector 124 or a female connector 123; the double-connector hinge includes a male connector 124 and a female connector 123 that cooperate with each other; one side of the connectorless hinge is a male socket, a ball, or a closed ring 125; when one side of the connectorless hinge is a male socket, the other side has a corresponding female socket, and the hinge pin passes through the male socket and the female socket at the same time; when one side of the connectorless hinge is a ball, the other side has a corresponding ball seat; when one side of the connectorless hinge is a closed ring 125, the other side is also a closed ring 125, the two closed rings 125 are locked with each other, the planes where the two closed rings 125 are located are perpendicular to each other, and at least one closed ring is a circular hole ring.

[0107] The front hinge device and the rear hinge device include but are not limited to hinge rods, hinge plates, hinge slots, hinge tables, hinge rings, hinge balls and the like. The fixed connection between the front hinge device and the rear hinge device and the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate includes but is not limited to welding, bonding, threaded connection, bolt connection, snap connection, and composite connection. See the attached Figures 58-69 .

[0108] The hinged plate is usually arranged vertically or horizontally (oblique arrangement is also possible); the hinged plate is usually welded to the tie plate and / or the through plate; the vertical hinged plate can also be used to block and orient the connector or folding rod (for example, attach Fig.57 As shown); the transverse hinged plate is a hinge plate, and the long rod and the short rod can be rod-shaped or tubular, or plate-shaped, etc.; the transverse hinged plate itself can orient the connector or folding rod.

[0109] The adjacent components of the long rod or short rod include the short rod or long rod or the front hinge device or the rear hinge device or the tie plate or the through-ribbed plate; when the folding rod is indirectly hinged to the tie plate through other components such as the telescopic pressure column, the front hinge device and / or the rear hinge device is directly hinged to other components such as the telescopic pressure column, and indirectly hinged to the tie plate or the through-ribbed plate. For various situations of connector hinges and connector-free hinges, please refer to the attached Figures 70-78 shown.

[0110] The mutual locking of two closed loops can be achieved by providing an opening with a self-rebound locking function on one of the closed loops, such as the locking method of a safety belt used for working at heights, or the locking method of a belt buckle linked to a key ring, which will not be elaborated here.

[0111] When the front hinge device or the rear hinge device is a vertical hinge plate, a rib beam is arranged beside the vertical hinge plate, the rib beam is fixed on the reinforcement plate or the reinforcement plate, and the rib beam is close to and perpendicular to the vertical hinge plate.

[0112] The inner column is specifically a pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or a telescopic pressure column or a telescopic pull rod; the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod is located at the non-fixed end Ⅰ and is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group and is arranged longitudinally; when there is only one pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod, the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod is located on the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when there are two or more pressure columns Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod, the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod is distributed around the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group;

[0113] One end of the pressure column I37-1 is a fixed end I77, which is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, or fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 3 or the reinforcing plate 8, and the other end is a non-fixed end I, which is located between the reinforcing plate 3 and the reinforcing plate 8; and the pressure column I37-1 is sleeved on the anchor bar; and / or the non-fixed end I is provided with a receiving hole 45 or a receiving protrusion 103 (for example, attached) at the axial projection on the reinforcing plate 8 or the reinforcing plate 3. Figure 5 ), and / or a centralizer 54 (e.g., attached) is provided at the non-fixed end I. Figure 6 , Attachment Fig.10 As shown), the centralizer 54 is fixed on the pressure column I 37-1; the mouth of the receiving hole 45 or the shoulder of the receiving protrusion 103 has a slope 46, and / or the shape and specification of the receiving hole / receiving protrusion match the non-fixed end I, including the specification of the bottom of the receiving hole 45 / receiving protrusion is the same as the end face of the non-fixed end I; the anchor bar 4 passes through the centralizer 54 in the longitudinal direction, and the relative positions of the anchor bar 4, the pressure column I 37-1 and the centralizer 54 are constant in the transverse direction; when the receiving protrusion is provided, a slot hole matching it is also provided at the non-fixed end I of the pressure column I;

[0114] The pressure-bearing column I or the telescopic pressure-bearing column or the telescopic tie rod can be a single cylindrical or non-circular column, a closed circular tube or non-circular tube, or a slit tube, or a plurality of dispersed cylindrical or non-circular columns, circular tubes or non-circular tubes (e.g., attached Figure 6 , Attachment Figure 8 As shown in the figure, it can also be a composite column composed of a lattice column network and column array, and the lattice gaps of the column network and column array can be used for the rotation of the jet to cut the rock and / or clean the borehole and / or pour the consolidation material (for example, the attached Fig.26 ~Attached Fig.31 shown).

[0115] When the umbrella-shaped expansion device expands to the set state, the end face of the non-fixed end I contacts the rib-piercing disk or the reinforcement disk (without a receiving pit but with a stabilizer), or contacts the bottom of the receiving pit; or the end face of the non-fixed end I contacts the bottom of the receiving pit, and at the same time the end face of the stabilizer contacts the rib-piercing disk or the reinforcement disk. The integral limiting device in the prior art of the umbrella-shaped enlarged head only solves the problem of longitudinal limiting of the reinforcing plate and / or the reinforcing plate, while the present application solves the problem of lateral force. If the non-fixed end I of the pressure-bearing column I slides freely without restraint, just like the previous integral limiting device, the fixed end I of the pressure-bearing column I will bend and damage, thereby losing its axial compressive resistance. Therefore, for the pressure-bearing column I, the structure in which the pressure-bearing column I is sleeved outside the anchor bar and one end is fixed on the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate is the second least effective structure. The better structure is a structure with a straightener only at the non-fixed end I or a structure with corresponding receiving holes / receiving protrusions only. The optimal structure is a structure with both a straightener and receiving holes / receiving protrusions. Of course, it also includes the case where the pressure-bearing column I is sleeved on the anchor bar.

[0116] The telescopic pressure-bearing column includes the following two structures:

[0117] The telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II 37-2 and a guide rail 39 that cooperate with each other; the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 is retracted or extended from the guide rail 39, or the guide rail 39 is retracted or extended from the pressure-bearing column II 37-2; the fixed end II of the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, or is fixedly connected to the rib-drawing plate 3 or the rib-piercing plate 8; the non-fixed end II cannot pass through the rib-piercing plate 8 or the tensioning plate 3; correspondingly, the non-fixed end III of the guide rail 39 is movably connected to the non-fixed end II of the pressure-bearing column II 37-2, and the fixed end III of the guide rail 39 is hinged to the rear end or front end of each folding rod, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate 8 or the tensioning plate 3. The length of the pressure-bearing column I or the pressure-bearing column II depends on the distance from the tensioning plate to the rib-piercing plate when the umbrella-shaped enlarged head is expanded to the set state.

[0118] Or, the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II 37-2, a reverse extension section 181 of the pressure-bearing column II, a guide rail 39, and a reverse extension section 182 of the guide rail that cooperate with each other; one end of the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 is a fixed end II 73, and the other end is a non-fixed end II, and the fixed end II 73 is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod through the reverse extension section 181 of the pressure-bearing column II, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to a reinforcing plate or a reinforcing plate; the guide rail 39 includes a non-fixed end III and a fixed end III 75, and the non-fixed end III is movably connected to the non-fixed end II, and the fixed end III 75 is hinged to the rear end or front end of each folding rod through the reverse extension section 182 of the guide rail, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to a reinforcing plate or a reinforcing plate; the reverse extension section 181 of the pressure-bearing column II is fixedly connected to the pressure-bearing column II 37-2; the reverse extension section 182 of the guide rail is fixedly connected to the guide rail 39;

[0119] The telescopic pull rod includes a pull rod front section 175 and a pull rod rear section 176 which cooperate with each other; the pull rod front section 175 and the pull rod rear section 176 serve as guide rails for each other to slide longitudinally; the front end of the pull rod front section 175 is hinged to the front end of each folding rod, or is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate 3, and the rear end of the pull rod rear section 176 is hinged to the rear end of each folding rod, or is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate 8, and the rear end of the pull rod front section 175 and the front end of the pull rod rear section 176 are unidirectionally fixedly connected to each other.

[0120] Preferably, the rib plate 3 or the rib plate 8 is combined with the pressure column I 37-1; or the rib plate 3 is combined with the pressure column II 37-2 / guide rail 39, or the rib plate 8 is combined with the guide rail 39 / pressure column II 37-2. The combined structure is greatly simplified, for example, Fig.21 , Attachment Fig. 22 In this embodiment, the pressure column I, the telescopic pressure column, and the telescopic pull rod can be of any cross-sectional shape and any number, and the guide rail of the telescopic pressure column and the pressure column II and the front section and the rear section of the pull rod of the telescopic pull rod can be of the same shape or different shapes. Fig.43 , Attachment Fig.44 shown.

[0121] The inner column can be a column, a tube, a cylinder, or other hollow or solid materials of various cross-sections, and the materials used are, for example, steel bars, steel pipes or steel sections, and can also be made of nylon, engineering plastics, aluminum, copper, glass fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, etc. The fixed connection between the pressure-bearing column, the guide rail and the tie plate or the through plate can be made by inserting or back-pull threaded or snap-on connection, or by welding or bonding.

[0122] Preferably, when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, the length of the guide rail 39 is shorter than the pressure column II 37-2, and the sum of the lengths of the guide rail 39 and the pressure column II 37-2 is longer than the distance from the tensioning disk 3 to the piercing disk 8 when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, the sum of the lengths of the guide rail 39 and the pressure column II 37-2 is longer than the distance from the tensioning disk 3 to the piercing disk 8 when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is expanded to the set state.

[0123] Preferably, when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, a blunt head 5 is sleeved on the outer side of the fixed end and / or the non-fixed end of the pressure column I 37-1 and the pressure column II 37-2, and the blunt head 5 is fixedly connected to the pressure column I 37-1 or the pressure column II 37-2. When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is expanded to a set state, the blunt head 5 contacts the rib plate 3 and / or the rib plate 8; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, the guide rail 39 contacts one of the pressure columns II 37-2. A blunt head 5 is provided at the non-fixed end, and a limit device II 61 and a backstop device 15 are provided at the other non-fixed end; or a limit device I 22 is provided on the anchor bar 4 at the rear side of the rib-penetrating plate 8, a blunt head 5 is provided at the non-fixed end of one of the guide rail 39 and the pressure-bearing column II 37-2, and a backstop device 15 is provided at the other non-fixed end; the blunt head 5 can pass through the backstop device 15 in one direction, but cannot pass through the limit device II 61, or the rib-penetrating plate 8 cannot pass through the limit device I 22. Or a magnetic attraction device is provided at one or both ends of the pressure column Ⅰ37-1, so that the non-fixed end of the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 cannot be retracted when it reaches the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the tensioning plate 3 or the piercing plate 8; preferably, a pushing device or a traction device is provided between the umbrella planting tool and the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the pushing device or the traction device is used to enable the umbrella-shaped expanding device to enter the anchor hole together with the umbrella planting tool; the pushing device is fixed on the umbrella planting tool, and the pushing device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the pushed component or part of the umbrella-shaped expanding device; the traction device is arranged in the longitudinal direction, and the front end of the traction device is fixedly or unidirectionally connected to the front end of the umbrella planting tool, and the traction device The rear end of the device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the pulled component or part of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the umbrella planting tool can be an anchor bar or a grouting pipe or a rigid rod or a measuring tool, etc. The grouting pipe includes a grouting pipe or a concrete pipe or a rotary jet drill rod, etc.; the rotary jet drill rod includes but is not limited to a single tube, a double tube, and a triple tube. The air pipe in the double tube can also be used to grout high-concentration consolidation materials or special slurry materials, etc., and the slurry pipe in the double tube can be used for spraying admixtures in addition to grouting; planting the umbrella through the jacking device is the direct jacking method, and planting the umbrella through the traction device is the indirect jacking method; of course, the jacking device can also be the umbrella planting tool itself, and the umbrella planting tool can also be the anchor bar or the load conversion device itself, such as an attached Fig.85 The push device can also be used by the rear support plate, for example Fig.86 shown.

[0124] One-way fixed connection means that the pushing device can only withdraw from the pushed component or part backwards, but cannot pass through the pushed component or part forwards. It is usually adopted to set the thrust bearing on the step Ⅰ of the perfusion pipe and then push the part; when the umbrella-shaped enlarged head is pre-collected by the screw bolt method, the perfusion pipe is detachably fixedly connected with the tie plate and the piercing plate at the same time. Each step can be a variable diameter step of the perfusion pipe itself, or it can be an independent ring-shaped component that is fixedly connected or detachably fixedly connected to the perfusion pipe. The detachable fixed connection can be a threaded pin shaft or other connection methods. Thrust bearing refers to a bearing that transmits thrust, including plane bearings, tapered bearings, etc.

[0125] When the pushing device 32 is located at the rear side of the reinforcing bar plate 3, it contacts the reinforcing bar plate 3, and at the same time, the pushing device 32 is fixedly connected to the anchor bar 4; or the pushing device 32 is located between the umbrella planting tool and other pushed parts; when the pushing device is a column and when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded to make the pushing device enter the non-fixed end of the pressure column II or the pressure column I, the side of the pushing device may be provided with a taper to guide the non-fixed end of the pressure column II or the pressure column I;

[0126] The fixed connection between the pushing device and the umbrella planting tool can be achieved by threaded connection, snap connection, bonding, welding, pin connection, etc. Under the premise of not affecting the material of the anchor bar, etc., the pushing device can also be a connecting thread or a weld between the tie bar plate and the load conversion device or between the tie bar plate and the anchor bar, or a strip, ring, etc. steel bar tied and welded to the anchor bar. The pushing device can also be a joint sleeve or a reducing step of the anchor bar itself; the pushing device can also be a connecting thread or a reducing step at the front end of the injection pipe; the pushing device can also be combined with other components;

[0127] The pushed component or the pulled component is such as a tension plate, a rib-piercing plate, a rear support plate, a piston cylinder, a guide cap, a spring, a limit device, a fixing part, etc.; the piston cylinder is a one-way piston cylinder or a two-way piston cylinder; the one-way piston cylinder is a one-way retracting piston cylinder or a one-way extending piston cylinder.

[0128] The traction device can be composed of a guide cap and a barrel / barrel tail, an anti-drop device, or a front nut and a pad, a screw, a rear nut and a pad (for example, an attached Fig.10 As shown), it can also be in other forms such as a traction plate (for example, attached Fig.85 The end plate 141 shown is used as a traction plate), a pin-connected or cold-extruded connection or a welded pull rod, etc., and the load conversion device and other components are used to pull other connecting components in the umbrella-shaped expansion device to implement umbrella planting while anchoring.

[0129] Preferably, a return spring 38 or a piston cylinder is provided between the rib-drawing disk 3 and the rib-piercing disk 8, and / or behind the rib-piercing disk 8; Fig.35 , Fig.39 The rear support plate in the vehicle is also the rear anchor plate.

[0130] Preferably, a stop device 15 is also provided on the anchor bar 4 or the inner column, so that when the non-fixed end of the pressure column I 37-1 reaches the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the reinforcing plate 3 or the reinforcing plate 8, it cannot be retracted; or when the pressure column II 37-2 and the guide rail 39 move toward each other until the pressure column II 37-2 reaches the front end or rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the reinforcing plate 3 or the reinforcing plate 8, the pressure column II 37-2 and the guide rail 39 cannot move away from each other; or when the front section 175 of the pull rod and the rear section 176 of the pull rod move away from each other until the rear end of the front section 175 of the pull rod reaches the front end of the rear section 176 of the pull rod, the front section 175 of the pull rod and the rear section 176 of the pull rod cannot move toward each other; the straightener 54 can only pass through the stop device 15 in one direction;

[0131] And / or, a reset device is further provided between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or between the rib-drawing disk 3 and the rib-piercing disk 8, and / or behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or behind the rib-piercing disk 8, and the reset device is a reset spring 38 and / or a piston cylinder and / or a magnetic device; the magnetic device includes a magnetic attraction device or a magnetic repulsion device;

[0132] When a return spring or piston cylinder expansion method is used, it is usually not necessary to install a stop device or a magnetic attraction device; when the umbrella is opened by gravity plus push-pull or gravity plus pull rope / pull rod retraction mode, if the umbrella-shaped expansion device cannot be retracted, such as the attached Figure 2 As shown, there is no need to install a stop device or a magnetic attraction device; the toward-toward movement is the center of gravity moving toward each other, and the away-to-away movement is the center of gravity moving away from each other.

[0133] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward: if the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring 38, and the reset spring 38 is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic attraction device, then the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib-drawing disk 3 and the rib-piercing disk 8; if the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring 38, and the reset spring 38 is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, then the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or after the rib-piercing disk 8, and a rear support plate 44 is provided; if the reset device is a piston cylinder and is longitudinally arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / behind the rib-piercing disk 8, then a rear support plate 44 is provided behind the rear end of the piston cylinder; the rear support plate 44 is fixed on the anchor bar 4 behind the reset device or is fixedly connected to the rib-drawing disk 3;

[0134] When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded in the reverse direction: if the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring 38, and the reset spring 38 is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, then the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the tensioning disk 3 and the rib-piercing disk 8; if the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring 38, and the reset spring 38 is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic attraction device, then the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or behind the rib-piercing disk 8, and a rear anchor plate 83 is provided; if the reset device is a piston cylinder and is longitudinally arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or behind the rib-piercing disk 8, then a rear anchor plate 83 is provided behind the rear end of the piston cylinder.

[0135] Preferably, a rigid rod 16 or a pull rope 49 is also provided; the front end of the rigid rod 16 is fixedly connected or detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the ribbed plate 8, or the guide rail or the pressure-bearing column is fixedly connected or detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rigid rod after extending backwards out of the ribbed plate; the rear end of the rigid rod 16 extends backwards out of the drilled hole; the front end of the pull rope 49 is fixedly connected to the ribbed plate 8, and the rear end extends backwards out of the drilled hole. The rigid rod is unidirectionally fixedly connected to the ribbed plate, or is unidirectionally fixedly connected to the backward extension of the guide rail or the pressure-bearing column, which means that the rigid rod can only withdraw from the connection backwards, but the rigid rod cannot move forward through the ribbed plate, even if the front end of the rigid rod extends between the ribbed plate and the tension plate, and the backward extension of the guide rail or the pressure-bearing column or the ribbed plate is connected to the middle part of the rigid rod, the rigid rod still cannot move forward through the ribbed plate.

[0136] A measuring tool 13 is provided, and a scale line is marked on the rear of the measuring tool 13; the front end of the measuring tool 13 is fixedly connected or detachably fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate 8; a perfusion tube 12 is provided, and the perfusion tube 12 is fixedly or detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to any part of the umbrella-shaped expansion device;

[0137] An exhaust pipe 28 is provided, and the exhaust pipe 28 is used to exhaust the air at the top of the drill hole or the exhaust-blocked part during the pouring construction;

[0138] The filling pipe 12 or the exhaust pipe 28, and / or the measuring tool 13, and / or the rigid rod 16 or the pull rope 49 are combined; or the filling pipe 12 or the exhaust pipe 28 is combined with the pressure column I 37-1 or the pressure column II 37-2 and / or the guide rail 39. Fig.36 Except for the arrow in the middle indicating the direction of rotation, the directions of the arrows in the other figures indicate the running directions and paths of the pulp and gas.

[0139] Preferably, stirrups 9 and / or film bags 42 are further provided. The function of the film bags 42 is to separate the umbrella-shaped expansion device from the external environment during the pouring construction to prevent the mixing of mud, sand, water, etc. or to prevent the consolidation material from flowing outward; the folding rod is circumferentially tied by a plurality of layers of stirrups 9 or film bags 42, and the folding rod is fixedly connected to the stirrups 9 at the intersection; a guide cap 1 is provided at the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device;

[0140] The rear end of the membrane bag can be fixed on the reinforcing plate, or it can be movably mounted on the anchor bar; the front end of the membrane bag can be fixed on the reinforcing plate or the guide cap, or the front end can be closed and mounted on the anchor head in the guide cap; the membrane bag includes not only an outer membrane bag mounted on the outside of the umbrella-shaped expansion device between the reinforcing plate and the reinforcing plate, but also an inner membrane bag (for example, an inner membrane bag) that separates the jet-jet drill rod channel at the central axis (still belonging to the external environment) from the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. Fig.15 as shown), a front membrane bag (e.g. attached) that separates the load transfer device from the external environment Figure 2 As shown), or multiple settings at the same time or combined settings, etc., can be set according to actual needs. Figure 2 The front membrane bag in the device can also be combined with the protective device or the anchor bar recovery device.

[0141] Preferably, the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the rib plate 3 through the front hinge device 19, and the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rib plate 8 through the rear hinge device 21. Preferably, a long rod extension 43 is provided at the rear end of the long rod 6, and the long rod extension 43 is fixedly connected to the rear end of the long rod 6 at the middle hinge 24, or the long rod extension 43 and the long rod 6 are an integral structure; the length of the long rod extension 43 is shorter than the short rod 7; and / or the long rod extension 43 is bent backward and inward at the middle hinge or behind the middle hinge; or a boat-shaped piece is provided; the boat-shaped piece is connected to the middle hinge, and uses the pin of the middle hinge as a rotating shaft and rotates freely outside the middle hinge;

[0142] When the length of the long rod extension is short, the stress concentration at the middle hinge can be enhanced, thereby having a certain anchoring and strengthening effect on the rock and soil surface; the fixed connection with the long rod can be achieved by welding, threaded connection, socket connection and pin shaft, etc.; the long rod extension can also be bent backward and inward at the middle hinge or behind the middle hinge to reduce the wall hanging phenomenon during the anchoring process, that is, the angle between the long rod extension and the long rod can be 180 degrees or an obtuse angle, and the obtuse angle opening faces the central axis of the tensioning plate and the piercing plate, for example, Figure 4 , Attachment Fig.12 , 13 As shown; the function of the boat-shaped piece is to prevent the hinge part from scraping or sinking into the hole wall during the propulsion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, thereby increasing the propulsion resistance and playing a drag reduction role; or to widen the long rod extension part tangentially into a boat shape.

[0143] Preferably, the detachable connection between the rigid rod 16 and the rib-piercing plate 8 is a threaded or snap-on connection. After the work is completed, the rigid rod 16 can be removed and withdrawn from the hole, and the rotation direction during removal is the same as the rotation direction of the rigid rod 16 itself when the rod section is connected;

[0144] An anti-sag device is provided between the reinforcement plate 3 and the reinforcement plate 8; the anti-sag device is provided to prevent the umbrella-shaped folding rod group from being too close to the central axis at the hinge part when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, exceeding the connection line of the front hinge and the rear hinge, so that when the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate are squeezed from the front and back, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group cannot produce an outward expansion action, that is, to prevent the umbrella-shaped folding rod group from being concave; the anti-sag device can be a strip-shaped or ring-shaped attachment fixed to the pressure column or guide rail, or it can be a porous plate, etc. The porous plate can be fixed to the pressure column or guide rail and provide anchor bars, springs, etc. for moving through at the same time, or it can be fixed to the anchor bars by threaded connection, cold extrusion, etc. and provide springs, pressure columns or guide rails, etc. for moving through at the same time. The porous plate can also be fixed to the anchor bars by means of a bracket (such as Figure 7 ) is fixed on the tensioning plate or the piercing plate, and the bracket can be in the shape of a column or an integral cylinder, etc.; the anti-sinking device can also be concurrently performed by components such as a limit device; for more information on the setting method of the anti-sinking device, please refer to the prior patent application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0145] The anchor bar and the reinforcement plate are movably connected or fixedly connected; the anchor bar movably passes through the reinforcement plate, including two situations: there is no device close to the rear side of the reinforcement plate, or a pushing device 32 or a fixing member 20 is provided, and the pushing device or the fixing member is fixedly connected to the anchor bar or the reinforcement plate. For non-bonded anchor cables or recyclable anchor cables, the pushing device or the fixing member on the rear side of the reinforcement plate is usually combined with a sealing device, such as an attached Fig.39 As shown. An anti-slip device 35 is provided at the rear of the guide cap 1, and the anti-slip device is located at the rear of the reinforcement plate 3;

[0146] The connection between the front hinge rod 129 and the front hinge, and / or the connection between the front hinge and the middle hinge of the long rod 6, and / or the connection between the short rod 7 and the middle hinge and the rear hinge, and / or the connection between the rear hinge rod 134 and the rear hinge is a fixed connection or a detachable fixed connection; threaded connection, bonding, welding, composite connection, or socket connection plus a pin shaft, etc. A spring seat is also provided, which is used to fix or limit the return spring and provide the spring to rotate around its attachment position. The spring seat can be fixed to any part of any component, or combined with other components; the form of the spring seat includes but is not limited to a hook, a hanging ring, a rod, a plate, a column, a tube, a ring, a ball, a slot, etc.; the spring seat also includes a hinge that provides the spring to rotate around its attachment position, that is, a spring seat assembly. An elastic device is provided at the connection between the front hinge rod and the rib plate and / or the connection between the rear hinge rod and the rib plate.

[0147] In this embodiment, the limiting device can be in the shape of a block or a strip, or in the shape of a ring or a cylinder, and the material used by the limiting device is the same as or matches the component to which it is installed and attached. The limiting device can be made of metal or non-metal or composite materials such as steel bars, steel rings, nylon rings, engineering plastics, PPR pipes, aluminum and copper materials, and fixed to the corresponding component by welding, bonding, threaded connection, snap-on, clamping, or pins. The stop device can be formed by slitting the pipe itself, or it can be made of elastic materials alone, such as spring steel sheets, springs or spring steel sheet driven blocks, springs plus steel balls, elastic plastic components, etc., and fixed to the corresponding components by slotting, drilling, installation, welding, bonding, or pins. The installation and attachment position of the perfusion pipe and the exhaust pipe on the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be either a rib plate, a rib plate, a guide cap, a pressure column, a guide rail, etc. The perfusion pipe and the exhaust pipe can also be combined with a pressure column or a guide rail or a pull rope or a rigid rod or an anchor pipe. The connection between the pull rope, the front end of the rigid rod and the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate can be detachable or non-detachable. The non-detachable one can be connected by welding, bonding, tying, etc.; the detachable connection can be connected by threaded connection, snap connection, or knot connection. After the scale is read to determine that the umbrella-shaped expansion device is opened and the injection work is completed, it can be disassembled and recovered for reuse. The pull rope can be a hose, a fiber rope, an iron wire, etc. The rigid rod can be a steel bar, a steel pipe, a PPR pipe, a fiber composite material, etc. When the rigid rod is a pipe, it can also be movably mounted on the outside of the anchor bar, and when more than two anchor bars are provided, the pull rope or the rigid rod can also be installed on the central axis of the reinforcing plate; in addition to being used as an injection pipe, the pull rope or the rigid rod can also be used as an exhaust pipe. The connection between the rear part of the guide cap and other components can be connected by welding, threaded connection, snap connection, bolt connection, pin connection, movable connection, etc. When the folding rod is directly hinged to the reinforcing plate or the reinforcing plate, there are also many different forms of hinges. In addition to the attached Figure 58-68 In addition to the hinge plates, hinge slots, hinge rings, and hinge tables shown, there are also accessories Fig.69 , Attachment Fig.40 The special-shaped hinge shown; Fig.68 In the figure, the left side of the reinforcing plate 3 is a side view of the umbrella cage, and the right side of the reinforcing plate 3 is a top view of the umbrella cage, that is, the rotation direction of the left hinge is perpendicular to the paper surface, and the rotation direction of the right hinge is parallel to the paper surface; Fig.40In the figure, the rotation direction of the left hinge and the right hinge is parallel to the paper plane, and the left hinge and the right hinge are perpendicular to the paper plane. The long rod and the short rod can be hollow or solid circular or square cross-section, metal materials such as ribbed or threaded, fiber composite materials, or flat or transverse wavy cross-section plates, angle steel and other special-shaped materials. They can be directly welded to the middle hinge, or connected to the middle hinge by threading, insert bonding, etc. The same is true between the front hinge and the front hinge rod 129, and between the long rods, and between the rear hinge and the rear hinge rod, and between the short rods. The long rod can be longer than the short rod, or the same length as the short rod, or even the long rod and the short rod can be interchanged. The tie rod plate, the rib plate, the folding rod, the front hinge rod, and the rear hinge rod can be made of various metal or non-metal materials or new fiber-reinforced materials such as glass fiber, carbon fiber, basalt fiber, engineering plastics, etc. according to actual conditions. The front hinged rod is connected to the reinforcement plate in the front, but it can also be connected to the side, or indirectly connected to the reinforcement plate by connecting with anchor bars, pressure columns or guide rails, etc. The connection method can be inserted threaded connection, snap connection, welding or bonding, or back-pull bolt connection or back-pull welding, etc.; but from the perspective of mechanics, standardized construction, and ensuring construction quality, the front inserted threaded connection of the reinforcement plate is preferred. The rear hinged rod is connected to the through-reinforcement plate in the front or side, and the connection method can be inserted threaded connection, snap connection, welding or bonding, or back-pull bolt connection or back-pull welding, etc.; but from the perspective of mechanics, standardized construction, and ensuring construction quality, bolt back-pull connection is preferred (reverse folding corresponds to reverse back-pull). The folding rod and the stirrups are usually fixedly connected by a positioning piece, which is fixedly installed on the long rod and short rod of the folding rod at the intersection with the stirrups, or it can be a middle hinge, which is used for axial, radial, and circumferential fixation of the stirrups. The positioning piece can be located on the outside of the long rod or the short rod, or on the inside of the long rod or the short rod. The installation method can be welding, bonding, screw fixation or other methods. The shape can be O-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped, etc. The fixation between the stirrups and the positioning piece usually adopts binding fixation, chain ring fixation, two-sided or single-sided rope clamp fixation, hook weaving diagonal network fixation, anchor fixation, rivet head welding fixation, rivet head thread connection fixation, etc. The rope clamp can be a sleeve type or U-shaped clamp, etc. Stirrups can be used to connect each layer of positioning parts to form a hoop separately, or to connect all layers of positioning parts to form a spiral hoop or a mesh hoop. Stirrups can usually be made of steel wire rope, high-strength fiber rope or other flexible tensile materials, or rigid materials such as W-type folding rods or N-type folding rods, wherein the W or N-type folding rods are hinged or slidingly hinged to the long rods and short rods respectively, and the hinged or sliding hinged parts can be used as positioning parts; the ends of the steel wire rope can be connected end to end or fixed separately with rope clips, and the fixing effect and mechanical properties of the intersection of the steel wire rope and the folding rod are best when rope clips are installed on both sides of each folding rod at the same time.

[0148] Preferably, it also includes an orientation mechanism, which is used to ensure that when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is assembled, each folding rod is kept in the same longitudinal section as the central axis of the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate.

[0149] The specific structure of the orientation mechanism includes:

[0150] The front end of the long rod 6 is hinged to the wire pulling disk 4 through the front hinge device 19, and the rear end of the short rod 7 is hinged to the wire threading disk 5 through the rear hinge device 21; the front hinge device and the reinforcement pulling disk, and the rear hinge device and the reinforcement threading disk adopt a longitudinally fixed and transversely rotatable connection, or a longitudinally fixed and transversely non-rotatable connection.

[0151] Among them, longitudinally fixed and transversely rotatable connections, such as longitudinal plug-in threaded connections, longitudinal back-pull bolt connections, connections between a longitudinal axis with a transverse slot or step and a transverse locking device, connections between a longitudinal axis and a bearing, or connections between a bearing and a bearing seat, etc.; longitudinally fixed and transversely non-rotatable connections, such as welding, bonding, fusion, pin connections, transversely inserted threaded connections, transverse back-pull bolt connections, etc. This connection method can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, for example, the front hinge device is indirectly connected to the tie rod plate through anchor bars, inner columns, load conversion devices, etc., and the rear hinge device is indirectly connected to the piercing rod plate through inner columns, etc.

[0152] When the front hinge device and the reinforcement plate, and the rear hinge device and the reinforcement through-bar plate are connected in a longitudinally fixed and transversely rotatable manner, a plurality of blocking devices I for the folding rod or the front hinge or the rear hinge are provided on the reinforcement plate and / or the reinforcement through-bar plate, or a plurality of orientation devices for the front hinge pin 127 and the rear hinge pin 135 are provided on the reinforcement plate and / or the reinforcement through-bar plate; or the folding rod / front hinge / rear hinge / front hinge pin / rear hinge pin are transversely blocked by structural members or anchor bars as an orientation measure for the folding rod;

[0153] When at least one of the front hinge device and the rib-drawing plate, or the rear hinge device and the rib-piercing plate, is connected in a longitudinally fixed and transversely non-rotatable manner, the connection is used as an orientation mechanism for the folding rod. The longitudinally fixed and transversely non-rotatable connection is, for example, the front hinge rod 129 or the rear hinge rod is a polygon and the insertion hole or through hole 122 on the rib-drawing plate or the rib-piercing plate is a polygon that matches it, or is fixed by welding, or is arranged in a transverse direction by the front hinge rod or the rear hinge rod.

[0154] The structure of the orientation mechanism can also be: the blocking device I and the orientation device are arranged in the cantilever column shape along the longitudinal direction; the orientation device is either the blocking device II, or the fixing device I, or the fixing device II; the fixed ends of the blocking device I, the blocking device II, the fixing device I, and the fixing device II are fixedly connected to the rib-drawing disk or the rib-piercing disk, and the distance from the non-fixed end of the blocking device I and the blocking device II to the rib-drawing disk exceeds the distance from the front hinge pin to the rib-drawing disk; or the distance from the non-fixed end of the blocking device I and the blocking device II to the rib-piercing disk exceeds the distance from the rear hinge pin to the rib-piercing disk; the non-fixed end of the fixing device I is transversely fixedly connected to the front hinge pin or the rear hinge pin, and / or the front hinge pin or the rear hinge pin is transversely movably arranged on the non-fixed end of the fixing device II;

[0155] Fixing device I can be in various forms, including vertical pins, vertical piles, vertical plates, vertical grooves surrounded by vertical piles or plates, etc. (the pins here are not the bayonet pins that are perforated at one or both ends of the pin shaft to prevent the pin shaft from falling off from the hinge, but the pins still need to be perforated on the pin shaft. The difference between the two is that the bayonet pin does not need to be fixed on the reinforcement plate or the reinforcement plate, while the pins here must be fixed on the reinforcement plate or the reinforcement plate); Fixing device II can also be in various forms, including vertical piles with horizontal holes or grooves, vertical plates, horizontal grooves surrounded by vertical piles or vertical plates, etc.; the fixing methods of each blocking device, fixing device and the reinforcement plate or the reinforcement plate include welding, bonding, fusion, insert threaded connection, back-pull screw connection, etc.; the blocking device and fixing device can be solid or hollow in any shape and any number, and can be set at any position for their respective objects. Furthermore, the hinges in this embodiment may be in various forms, such as single-chain hinges, double-chain hinges, chainless hinges, etc.

[0156] The orientation mechanism can also be: the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the rib plate 3 through the front hinge device, the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rib plate 8 through the rear hinge device, the front hinge device is fixedly connected to the rib plate 3, and the rear hinge device is fixedly connected to the rib plate 8. In this embodiment, the hinge is made by a hinge plate, which can be a vertical hinge plate or a horizontal hinge plate; the hinge plate is usually welded to the rib plate and / or the rib plate; the vertical hinge plate can also serve as a blocking orientation for the hinge or folding rod; the horizontal hinge plate is a hinge plate, and the long rod and the short rod can also be rod-shaped, tubular, or plate-shaped, etc.; the horizontal hinge plate itself can orient the hinge or folding rod.

[0157] The expansion method of this embodiment is: using gravity, using gravity plus a pull rope / pull rod retracting method, or using gravity plus a push-pull method, or a push-pull method to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section; or using a piston cylinder drive, or using a reset spring drive, or using an electromagnetic drive to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, wherein the method of implementing the re-expansion using the reset spring drive includes an adaptive re-expansion method, a horizontal distance locking re-expansion method, a vertical distance locking re-expansion method, and an angle locking re-expansion method, and the method of using the piston cylinder drive includes a one-way piston cylinder method and a two-way piston cylinder method, see the attached Figures 52-57 . The horizontal locking and re-tensioning methods include the latch method and the sleeve method; the vertical locking and re-tensioning methods include the bolt method, the air bag method, the liquid bag method, the pin latch method, and the electromagnetic locking method; the method using the one-way piston cylinder includes the one-way retraction method and the one-way extension method; the hot melt method is applicable to both the horizontal locking and re-tensioning methods; the latch method includes the full-length pin method and the perfusion tube self-carrying short pin method; the full-length pin method includes the solid pin method and the tube pin method. For example, the attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 As shown, in a vertical downward-inclined hole (such as anti-floating anchoring), when the hole cleaning effect is good, the umbrella cage can be re-expanded simply by utilizing gravity.

[0158] Wherein: when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the full-length pin method, in addition to the reset spring 38, a latch pin III 101 is also provided. The latch pin III 101 is a pipe pin or a solid pin. The middle part of the latch pin III 101 moves through the reinforcing plate 8, and the front end of the latch pin III 101 moves forward through a plurality of collars I 50 or collars II 87 or tie rings 106 or rings 107, and is movably connected or detachably fixed to the anti-sag device 30 and / or the reinforcing plate 3 and / or the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The rear end of the latch pin III 101 extends out of the drilled hole or extends out of the drilled hole through the pin pulling rope 94;

[0159] Among them, the ring I50 is connected to the folding rod one-to-one through the connecting rope 18; or the ring II 87 is connected to the folding rod one-to-one, and each ring II 87 inserts the pin III 101 and the corresponding folding rod into the ring; or one or more tie ropes 104 are movably passed through the earrings 17 arranged longitudinally on all folding rods in sequence, and a tie ring 106 is fixedly connected to each end of the tie rope 104, and the tie rings 106 at both ends are movably mounted on the pin III 101; or one or more ropes 108 are movably passed through the earrings 17 on all folding rods in sequence, and each earring 17 is wrapped around the pin III 101 in a U-shaped or O-shaped manner to form a loop 107, and the head and tail of each rope 108 are fixedly connected; the earring 17 is fixedly connected to the folding rod; the tie ring is for example attached Fig.57 shown.

[0160] The collar Ⅰ50 or collar Ⅱ87 or tie ring 106 or ring 107 locks the folded folding rod laterally on the latch pin Ⅲ101. The front end of the latch pin Ⅲ101 is laterally restrained by the anti-sag device and / or the front end of the rib plate 3 and / or the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the middle part is laterally restrained by the rear end of the rib plate 8 and / or the umbrella-shaped folding rod group.

[0161] Or earrings 17 are horizontally arranged on the long rod 6 and the short rod 7, so that a through-length pin successively penetrates the earrings 17 on the short rod 7 and the long rod 6 in the longitudinal direction, and the front end of the through-length pin is movably connected or detachably fixed to the anti-sag device or the tensioning plate 3 or the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear end of the through-length pin movably passes through the rear end of the rib-piercing plate 8 / the umbrella-shaped folding rod group and extends out of the drilled hole or extends out of the drilled hole through the pin pulling rope 94; the movable connection can be a longitudinal movable insertion or a movable penetration, and its lateral displacement is prohibited; the detachable fixation refers to threaded connection and the like.

[0162] When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expanded hole section by using the self-carrying short pin method of the perfusion tube, in addition to the reset spring 38, a step II 69 is provided on the perfusion tube behind the rib-piercing plate 8, a thrust bearing II 65 is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the step II 69, a push-pull plate 67 is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the thrust bearing II 65, a thrust bearing III 71 is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the push-pull plate 67, and a step III 70 is provided on the perfusion tube behind the thrust bearing III 71; a plurality of latches I 60 are also longitudinally provided, the latches I are distributed around the inner column and the number is the same as the folding rod, the latches I 60 and the folding rod and the inner column are located on the same longitudinal section; and a plurality of collars II 87 are provided, the front end of the latch I 60 moves through the rib-piercing plate 8 and the collar II 87 in turn and is inserted into or moves through the anti-sag device 30 and / or the rib-tensioning plate 3; the rear end or It is directly fixedly connected with the push-pull plate 67, or it can move through the push-pull plate 67 and is fixedly connected with the push head 72 and the reverse pull head 68 on the front and rear sides of the push-pull plate 67 respectively; the push head 72 and the reverse pull head 68 cannot pass through the push-pull plate 67, and the push-pull plate 67 is fixedly connected with the perfusion tube 12; the ring II 87 corresponds to the folding rod and the latch I 60 one by one, and the corresponding folding rod and the latch I 60 are inserted into the ring II 87 at the same time; or a plurality of rings I 50 and a plurality of connecting ropes 18 are provided, the inner end of the connecting rope 18 is fixedly connected with the ring I 50, and the outer end is connected with the folding rod, and the connecting rope 18, the ring I 50, and the folding rod are connected one by one; the ring I 50 locks the folding rod after contraction on the latch I 60, and the front end of the latch I 60 is laterally constrained by the anti-sag device 30 and / or the rib-drawing plate 3, and the middle part is laterally constrained by the rib-piercing plate 8;

[0163] When the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section is implemented by the casing method, in addition to the reset spring 38, a step II 69 is provided on the injection pipe behind the rib plate 8, a thrust bearing II 65 is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the step II, a push-pull plate 67 is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the thrust bearing II 65, a thrust bearing III 71 is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the push-pull plate 67, and a step III 70 is provided on the injection pipe behind the thrust bearing III 71; the injection pipe before the thrust bearing I 11 is provided with a thrust bearing III 71. The injection pipe is a small diameter section, which movably passes through the reinforcing plate 3; the injection pipe after the thrust bearing Ⅰ11 is a large diameter section, which movably passes through the reinforcing plate 8 and is movably sleeved in the inner column; the sleeve 79 is movably sleeved outside the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the front end of the sleeve 79 reaches the side of the reinforcing plate 3 and / or is inserted into the rear end of the guide cap, and the rear end of the sleeve 79 is fixedly connected to the push-pull plate 67; the anchor bar 4 movably passes through the push-pull plate 67; other expansion methods and structures of the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be used in combination with the sleeve method, such as the attached Fig.25 The figure shows the superposition of the casing method and the adaptive expansion method; when the longitudinal spring is used as the re-tensioning power, the reset spring can be located in front of the tie plate, between the tie plate and the piercing plate, or behind the piercing plate, and the inner column can be either a central cylinder or a columnar column. The jet grouting drill rod 12-1 in the casing method also serves as the ejector rod 82.

[0164] When the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section is implemented by the screw bolt method, in addition to the reset spring 38, a gripping nail 63 is provided in front of the reinforcement plate 3, and the gripping nail 63 is fixedly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the reinforcement plate 3; when the reinforcement plate 8 or the rear anchor plate 83 or the rear support plate 44 is detachably fixedly connected with the screw bolt Ⅰ81 or the screw bolt Ⅱ145 and when there is only one telescopic pressure-bearing column or telescopic pull rod, the cross section of the telescopic pressure-bearing column or the telescopic pull rod is non-circular; it is used to fix the umbrella-shaped expansion device laterally on the hole wall in front of the expansion section and cannot rotate, so that the umbrella planting tool can be rotated laterally to implement unlocking and realize the expansion of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; non-circular refers to all shapes that can transmit torque, including triangles and other polygons, ellipses, hyperbolas, plum blossoms, I-shaped, straight shapes, crosses, etc., as well as composite shapes composed of more than two circles arranged in parallel or crossed, etc.;

[0165] When a one-way piston cylinder is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, and the piston cylinder is located between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is combined with a telescopic pressure-bearing column or a telescopic pull rod, wherein the pressure-bearing column II or the front section of the pull rod is combined with the piston / cylinder sleeve, and the guide rail or the rear section of the pull rod is combined with the cylinder sleeve / piston; and when a hollow piston cylinder is used: a slurry discharge hole 31 is provided on the cylinder sleeve wall and / or the hollow piston rod at the end of the piston stroke, or a cylinder sleeve without an outer cover or a limiting device II is provided at the end of the piston stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve; when a solid piston cylinder is used: a slurry discharge hole 31 is provided on the cylinder sleeve wall at the end of the piston stroke, or a cylinder sleeve without an outer cover or a limiting device II is provided at the end of the piston stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve;

[0166] Preferably, when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, if the piston cylinder is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way retracting type; if the piston cylinder is located behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way extending type; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded backward, if the piston cylinder is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way extending type; if the piston cylinder is located behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way retracting type;

[0167] When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by electromagnetic driving, a driving coil I 185 is fixedly provided on the reinforcement plate 3 or the reinforcement plate 8, and a driving coil II or an induction coil or a permanent magnet is fixedly provided on the connecting device 102; or a driving coil I 185 is fixedly provided on the connecting device 102, and a driving coil II or an induction coil or a permanent magnet is fixedly provided on the reinforcement plate 3 or the reinforcement plate 8;

[0168] When the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section is implemented by the electromagnetic locking method, a pull bolt 91, a reset spring, and a waterproof electromagnet 88 are provided; the waterproof electromagnet 88 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the perfusion tube 12; for the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds forward, the front end of the pull bolt 91 is connected to the reinforcing plate 8, and the rear end moves through the rear anchor plate 83, and the waterproof electromagnet is placed on the rear side of the rear anchor plate 83 to directly or indirectly attract the rear end of the pull bolt, and the rear anchor plate 83 is fixed on the anchor bar 4 or fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 3 through the connecting device 102, and the meaning of the unidirectional fixed connection here is that the rear anchor plate and the reinforcing plate can only approach but cannot move away; for the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds backward, the front end of the pull bolt 91 is fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate 3, and the rear end moves through the reinforcing plate 8, and the waterproof electromagnet is placed on the rear side of the reinforcing plate 8 to directly or indirectly attract the rear end of the pull bolt;

[0169] Or a slot hole Ⅰ96 is cut transversely on the pull bolt, and the armature is used as a through pin or a through pin equipped with an armature is used to lock the pull bolt transversely, and the electromagnet is energized or de-energized to control the through pin to enter and exit the slot hole Ⅰ96; and the pull bar plate and the through bar plate are brought closer to each other by the rebound of the reset spring 38, so as to realize the re-expansion of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, see the prior application "pre-folded full-working umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here. The through pin is controlled by the electromagnet, and the pin latch 92 is controlled by the unlatching spring or the unlatching magnet.

[0170] When the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section is implemented by the hot melt method: in addition to the reset spring 38, a hot melt rope is also provided;

[0171] If the hot melt rope is arranged horizontally: when there is only one hot melt rope, after the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded, each folding rod is connected in series and tightened with a single hot melt rope, and the electric heating device is set on the hot melt rope; when there are multiple hot melt ropes, the inner end of each hot melt rope is connected to the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod or the anchor bar 4 or the perfusion pipe 12, and the outer end of the hot melt rope is connected to the folding rod;

[0172] If the hot melt rope is arranged longitudinally, the hot melt rope is located between the reinforcing plate 3 and the reinforcing plate 8, or the hot melt rope is located between the reinforcing plate 8 and the rear support plate 44 or the rear anchor plate 83;

[0173] When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the pin latch method, a reset spring 38, a pull bolt 91 / a push rod 82, a pin latch 92, a latch pin II 93, a latch spring 95 or a latch magnet are provided. A slot hole I 96 is chiseled transversely at the rear end of the pull bolt 91 / a push rod 82, and a slot hole II 97 is chiseled at one end of the pin latch 92 in a direction perpendicular to the pin latch.

[0174] For the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds forward, when the push rod is used, the front end of the push rod 82 is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end is movable through the rib plate, and the pin is installed on the front side of the rib plate; when the pull bolt is used, the front end of the pull bolt 91 is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end is movable through the rear anchor plate, and the pin is installed on the rear side of the rear anchor plate;

[0175] For the reverse folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group, when the push rod is used, the front end of the push rod 82 is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end is movable through the rear support plate, and the pin latch is installed on the front side of the rear support plate; when the pull bolt is used, the front end of the pull bolt 91 is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end is movable through the rib plate, and the pin latch is installed on the rear side of the rib plate; the structure of the push rod 82 using the pin latch method can be found in the attached patent "Pre-collected full-working umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method" Fig.55 As shown, this is not repeated.

[0176] The pin latch 92 moves transversely through the slot hole Ⅰ 96, and a delatching spring 95 is connected to the pin latch 92. The latch pin Ⅱ 93 moves longitudinally through the slot hole Ⅱ 97 and moves through the rib plate 8 or the rear support plate 44 or the rear anchor plate 83; or the delatching spring 95 is not installed but a delatching magnet is installed. The delatching magnet includes 1 or 2 permanent magnets, 1 of which is fixed on the pin latch 92 or the adjacent component, and the other 2 are fixed on the pin latch 92 and the adjacent component respectively; the adjacent component can be an existing component in the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or it can be separately set and fixed on the existing component beside it. The adjacent component can be an existing component in the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or it can be separately set and fixed on the existing component beside the pin latch; the delatching magnet can be a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil.

[0177] The air bag or liquid bag method includes two types: a pressurization method and a pressure relief method. The pressurization method is to implant the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section when no medium is filled into the bag, and then expand the bag to a preset shape by adding gas or liquid at a rated pressure, thereby expanding the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The pressure relief method is to add gas or liquid in advance to expand the bag to a preset shape, thereby shrinking the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and then implant the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section, and then release or suck the medium in the bag, or pressurize to a preset pressure value to open the safety valve, and the bag loses pressure and shrinks, thereby allowing the umbrella-shaped folding rod group to be re-expanded under the action of the rebound force of the reset spring.

[0178] When the hoop method is used to expand the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section:

[0179] A clamp 154 ​​and a return spring 38 are provided;

[0180] For threaded rib anchor bars or screw-type anchor bars, the hoop 154 ​​is also provided with a mounting pin 157 and a latch pin IV 156; for round anchor bars or herringbone rib anchor bars, the hoop 154 ​​is provided with a transverse bolt, a latch pin IV 156 and a friction pad; the hoop 154 ​​is detachably fixed to the anchor bar in a sleeve manner; the hoop 154 ​​is divided into a left hoop arc 154-1 and a right hoop arc 154-2 that fit each other; the mutually fitting parts of the left hoop arc 154-1 and the right hoop arc 154-2 are longitudinally penetrated with mounting pin holes 158 and latch pin holes 159, which are used for the movable insertion of the mounting pin 157 and the latch pin IV 156 respectively;

[0181] The latch pin IV 156 moves from the back to the front through the mutually fitting parts of the reinforcing plate 8, the left half arc 154-1 of the clamp and the right half arc 154-2 of the clamp, the front end of the latch pin IV 156 moves to be inserted into or moves through the anti-sag device 30 and / or the reinforcing plate 3, and the rear end of the latch pin IV 156 extends out of the drill hole or extends out of the drill hole through the pin pulling rope 94;

[0182] The split structure of the clamp 154 ​​is as follows: blind holes 160 are transversely arranged at the mutually fitting parts of the left half arc 154-1 and the right half arc 154-2 of the clamp, the blind holes of the two half arcs face each other, and a ejection spring 161 is arranged in the blind hole 160;

[0183] and / or,

[0184] For the forward folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group with a telescopic pressure-bearing column, the hoop 154 ​​is located between the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 and the guide rail 39; a wedge-shaped boss I 163-1 is provided at the non-fixed end of the pressure-bearing column II 37-2, and a wedge-shaped boss II 163-2 is provided at the non-fixed end of the guide rail 39, and a wedge-shaped pit 164 is provided at the front and rear ends of the hoop 154, and the top surface diameters of the wedge-shaped boss II 163-2 and the wedge-shaped boss I 163-1 are both smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit 164;

[0185] For the forward folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group provided with the pressure-bearing column Ⅰ37-1, the hoop 154 ​​is located between the pressure-bearing column Ⅰ37-1 and the reinforcing plate 8; and a wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is provided between the hoop 154 ​​and the reinforcing plate 8, and the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is movably sleeved on the anchor bar 4, or the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is fixedly provided on the front side of the reinforcing plate; the pressure-bearing column Ⅰ37-1 is located between the reinforcing plate 3 and the hoop 154, the front end of the pressure-bearing column Ⅰ37-1 is fixed on the reinforcing plate, and the rear end is provided with a wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ163-1; the front end and the rear end of the hoop 154 ​​are both provided with a wedge-shaped pit 164, and the top surface diameters of the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 and the wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ163-1 are both smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit 164;

[0186] Or the pressure column I 37-1 is decomposed into the front section 155 of the pressure column I and the rear section 162 of the pressure column I, the rear section 162 of the pressure column I is movably sleeved on the anchor bar 4, and the rear section 162 of the pressure column I is located between the clamp 154 ​​and the reinforcing plate 8; the front end of the rear section 162 of the pressure column I and the rear end of the front section 155 of the pressure column I are both provided with a wedge-shaped boss 163, the front end and the rear end of the clamp 154 ​​are both provided with a wedge-shaped pit 164, and the top surface diameter of the wedge-shaped boss 163 is smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit 164; or the split structure of the clamp 154 ​​is: an ejection magnet is installed, and the ejection magnet includes four groups of drive coils, or two groups of drive coils, two groups of induction coils, or two groups of drive coils, and two groups of permanent magnets, which are respectively fixed at the head and tail ends of the left half arc 154-1 of the clamp and the right half arc 154-2 of the clamp;

[0187] The rear limit device and the anti-sag device can be combined, there are at least two latches IV, and the latch IV and the perfusion tube can be combined;

[0188] Installation, cracking and cage locking and re-tensioning of the clamp: Screw-type anchor bars or anchor bars with discontinuous or uninterrupted threaded ribs can be used to fix the clamp with internal threads. When implementing the pre-contraction procedure, close the two halves of the clamp and install them on the anchor bars, then insert the installation pin, and then rotate the clamp to perform spiral forward and backward movements to implement the pre-contraction of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; after the pre-contraction state is in place, slightly rotate the clamp so that the pin hole on the clamp is directly opposite to the rib plate and the tension plate and / or the anti-sag device rib plate. The bolt channel hole is inserted into the bolt IV, and the installation pin is pulled out to complete the locking of the pre-contracted state of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in the expansion hole section, the bolt IV is pulled out, and the left and right halves of the clamp are separated under the thrust of the ejection spring, and / or separated under the wedging and squeezing of the cylinder, the rear limit device / the rear reverse limit device, thereby releasing the longitudinal distance locking of the clamp on the tensioning plate and the piercing plate, and then under the rebound force of the reset spring, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded. The ejection spring is a compression spring.

[0189] The front section 155 of the pressure-bearing column I and the rear section 162 of the pressure-bearing column I are in a series pressure-bearing relationship; the pressure-bearing column I 37-1 and the wedge-shaped boss II 163-2 are in a series pressure-bearing relationship; the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 and the guide rail 39 are in a telescoping relationship, and only the pressure-bearing column II 37-2 bears pressure;

[0190] For smooth round anchor bars or herringbone rib anchor bars, transverse bolts are set through the left and right halves of the clamp, and the friction pad is set between the clamp and the anchor bar. The clamp is tightened by tightening the transverse bolts to achieve the clamp holding the anchor bar. After the pin IV is inserted into the pin hole, the transverse bolts are removed.

[0191] For example, the clamping structure of the reverse folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group is as follows: the anchor bar passes through the rear reverse limit device, wedge-shaped boss, clamp, wedge-shaped boss, rib-piercing plate, inner column, and rib-tensioning plate in sequence from back to front, and a reset spring is correspondingly installed, such as a compression spring between the rib-piercing plate and the rib-tensioning plate.

[0192] When the transverse knotting method or the transverse tethering method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, an earring 17 is provided on each folding rod, and a restraining rope is provided to movably pass through each earring in a series or parallel manner, and the rope end of the restraining rope extends out of the drill hole; in addition to the reset spring 38, the transverse tethering method is also provided with an external anchor, and the transverse knotting method is also provided with a knot; refer to the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0193] When the longitudinal tethering method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, in addition to setting the reset spring 38, a tether is provided along the longitudinal direction, the front end of the tether is fixed on the inner anchor, the inner anchor is fixed on the reinforcing plate, the rear end of the tether is led out of the drill hole and connected to the outer anchor, and the outer anchor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the anchor bar; refer to the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0194] When the longitudinal knotting method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, a reset spring 38, a binding rope and a knot are provided, and the rope head is extended out of the drill hole; for example, when folded back, the binding rope binds the close-fitting tensioning disk and the piercing disk; see the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0195] When the rotary jet separation method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, in addition to the reset spring 38, a locking device is provided which is distributed longitudinally and can be cut by the rotary jet. The locking device is cut by the ultra-high pressure rotary jet, thereby unlocking the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The locking device here includes bolts, pull bolts, top rods, binding ropes, pull rods, latches and other components. For details, please refer to the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here. In addition to the superposition of the casing method and the adaptive expansion method, the combination of different expansion methods in the same umbrella-shaped expansion device can reduce the failure risk of a single expansion method, such as using the rotary jet separation method and the knotting method at the same time.

[0196] When the rope winding method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, in addition to the reset spring 38, a longitudinal reel and a plurality of transverse binding ropes are also provided; each folding rod is fixedly connected to a binding rope, and the other end of each binding rope is fixed on the reel; when the reel rotates transversely to reel in the binding rope, a pin or ratchet is provided outside the drill hole to fix the rotation angle of the reel so as to lock the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the reel and the binding rope are released by removing the pin or moving the ratchet to unlock the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the reel can be hollow or solid, and can be combined with a grouting pipe, a measuring tool, etc.; refer to the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0197] When the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section is implemented by a pneumatic or hydraulic pin method, a reset spring 38 and a pneumatic or hydraulic piston cylinder are provided. The piston cylinder is a one-way extension type or a one-way retraction type. The one-way piston cylinder includes a piston and a cylinder sleeve. A sealing device II 62 is provided between the piston and the cylinder sleeve. The piston rod or plunger is used as a latch, and a plurality of collars I 50 or collars II 87 or a tie ring 106 or a ring around 107 are movably sleeved on the piston rod, wherein each collar I 50 is connected to the piston rod by a spoke and a folding The stacked rods are locked and unlocked one by one, the outer end of each spoke is fixedly connected to the folding rod, and the inner end is fixedly connected to the collar Ⅰ50; the spokes can be soft connecting ropes or rigid rods; the one-way retracting piston cylinder is through the longitudinal retracting displacement of the piston rod, and the one-way extending piston cylinder is through the longitudinal rushing out of the piston rod and detaching from the cylinder sleeve, thereby releasing the collar Ⅰ or the collar Ⅱ or the binding ring or the winding ring, thereby realizing the unlocking and release of the folding rod group; refer to the prior application "Pre-collected full-working condition umbrella-shaped expansion device and its use method", which will not be repeated here.

[0198] Example 2: Figure 1 As shown, the umbrella-shaped expander is implanted in a pre-contracted state; the anchor bar is a recyclable anchor cable of Suzhou Nenggong, and the tie rod plate of the umbrella-shaped expander is directly used as the anchor plate, the hole is pre-expanded, and the pre-contraction locking and unlocking and re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped expander are carried out by the screw bolt method; a pressure column I and a receiving pit are set, and the injection pipe is also used as a measuring tool to implement the re-tensioning judgment of the umbrella-shaped expander. The injection pipe can be recovered for reuse and the non-through-body setting of the thread can be realized through the diameter change measure.

[0199] Embodiment 3:

[0200] like Figure 2 As shown, in the downward-inclined hole, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a pre-collected state; a single pressure-bearing column I is provided, the front end of the pressure-bearing column I is a non-fixed end, and the rear end is fixed on the through-reinforcement plate, the anti-sag device is fixed on the pressure-bearing column I, and a jacking device is provided on the anchor bar at the rear side of the tensioning plate; the middle part of the grouting tube passes through the through-reinforcement plate and is fixed on the through-reinforcement plate, and the front end passes through the tensioning plate and is fixed on the tensioning plate, and the grouting tube also serves as a measuring tool and a pull rope; a film bag is provided to separate the anchor head and the umbrella-shaped expansion device from the external environment; the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pre-collected outside the borehole, the grouting tube is tightened and its rear part is fixed to the rear end of the anchor bar, the anchor bar is used to push the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section, and then the grouting tube is released, the through-reinforcement plate and the pressure-bearing column move downward under the action of gravity, the front end of the pressure-bearing column I reaches the tensioning plate, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is able to be re-expanded; whether the umbrella is opened is determined from the relative displacement of the scale line at the rear of the grouting tube and the rear end of the anchor bar. When the jacking device is made of a columnar body, the side surface of the jacking device has a taper, that is, the jacking device and the receiving protrusion are combined and arranged to avoid obstruction or misleading the pressure column I.

[0201] Embodiment 4:

[0202] like Figure 3As shown, the downward-inclined hole is provided with a single telescopic pressure-bearing column, the grouting pipe passes through the reinforcement plate and is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and the grouting pipe also serves as a measuring tool and a pull rope; a pushing device is arranged on the anchor bar at the rear side of the reinforcement plate; the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pre-collected outside the drill hole, the grouting pipe is tightened and its rear part is fixed to the rear end of the anchor bar, the anchor bar is used to push the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section, and then the grouting pipe is released. Under the action of gravity, the reinforcement plate and the guide rail move downward, the guide rail retracts into the pressure column II, and the non-fixed end of the pressure column II reaches the reinforcement plate, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is able to be re-expanded.

[0203] Embodiment 5:

[0204] like Figure 4 As shown, the downward-inclined hole is provided with a single pressure-bearing column I, which is integrally mounted on multiple anchor bars. The rear end of the pressure-bearing column I is a non-fixed end, and the front end is fixed on the piercing plate. A long rod extension is provided and is bent backward and inward at the rear side of the middle hinge. A rigid rod is provided and integrated with the measuring tool and the grouting pipe. A jacking device is provided on the anchor bar at the rear side of the ribbed plate to push the umbrella-shaped expansion device. After being pushed into place, the ribbed plate is pushed forward by gravity and / or the rigid rod, so that the ribbed plate reaches the rear end of the pressure-bearing column I, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded, and the pressure-bearing column I is used as a grouting channel. The guide cap is movably mounted on the front and outer sides of the ribbed plate, and an anti-slip device is provided at the rear end of the cylindrical tail of the guide cap.

[0205] Embodiment 6:

[0206] like Figure 5 As shown, a downward-inclined hole is provided with a single pressure-bearing column I, the rear end of which is fixed on the through-reinforcement plate, and the front end is fixedly connected to a centralizer, which movably passes through a plurality of anchor bars, is provided with a rigid rod and is integrated with a measuring tool and a perfusion pipe, and a jacking device is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the reinforcement plate for pushing in the umbrella-shaped expansion device. After being pushed into place, the through-reinforcement plate is pushed forward by gravity and / or the rigid rod, so that the front end of the pressure-bearing column I reaches the reinforcement plate, the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded, and the pressure-bearing column I is used as a perfusion channel.

[0207] Embodiment 7:

[0208] like Figure 6 As shown, the upward hole is provided with a plurality of pressure-bearing columns I, the front end of the pressure-bearing column I is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and the rear end is fixedly connected to the centralizer, and the anchor pipe movably passes through the center hole of the centralizer; when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in a folded state, a stop device is provided on the anchor bar between the centralizer and the reinforcement plate to prevent the umbrella-shaped expansion device from retracting after expansion; an integrated rigid rod, a pouring pipe, and a measuring tool are fixedly provided at the rear of the reinforcement plate; a pushing device is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the reinforcement plate for pushing the umbrella-shaped expansion device in, and after pushing in place, the reinforcement plate is pushed forward by gravity and / or the rigid rod, so that the rear end of the pressure-bearing column I reaches the reinforcement plate, the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded, and the pressure-bearing column I is used as an exhaust channel during the pouring construction.

[0209] Embodiment 8:

[0210] like Figure 7 As shown, a small-angle downward-inclined hole is provided with a single telescopic pressure-bearing column, which includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail. The front end of the pressure-bearing column II is fixed on the tensioning plate, and the rear end of the guide rail passes backward through the through-rib plate and is fixed on the through-rib plate in one direction. The front end of the grouting pipe is fixed on the through-rib plate. The pressure-bearing column II and the guide rail serve as the front section of the grouting pipe, and the front end of the rear section of the grouting pipe (rigid rod) is detachably connected to the rear end of the guide rail. A retaining spring and a steel ball are installed on the guide rail, and a card slot is provided on the pressure-bearing column II as a retreat-stopping device. A plurality of anchor bars on the rear side of the tensioning plate are provided with a jacking device for pushing in the umbrella-shaped expansion device. After the jacking is in place, the through-rib plate is pushed forward by the grouting pipe (rigid rod), so that the guide rail enters the pressure-bearing column II, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing column II reaches the through-rib plate, so that the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded, and the steel ball is driven into the card slot by the spring steel sheet, so that the guide rail cannot escape from the pressure-bearing column II by itself, thereby preventing the umbrella-shaped expansion device from re-closing. An anti-sinking device is provided and fixed on the reinforcement plate through a bracket.

[0211] Embodiment 9:

[0212] like Figure 8 As shown, the upward hole is provided with multiple telescopic pressure-bearing columns, which include a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail. The front end of the pressure-bearing column II is fixed on the reinforcement plate, the rear end of the guide rail is fixed on the reinforcement plate, the front end of the injection pipe is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and an exhaust pipe is separately provided. The injection pipe also serves as a rigid rod and a measuring tool, and the front end of the injection pipe is detachably connected to the reinforcement plate; a retaining spring is installed on the guide rail and a retaining groove is provided on the pressure-bearing column II as a retreat-stopping device; a single anchor bar on the rear side of the reinforcement plate is provided with a pushing device for pushing in the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and after pushing in place, the reinforcement plate is pushed forward by gravity and / or the rigid rod, so that the pressure-bearing column II enters the guide rail, the rear end of the pressure-bearing column II reaches the reinforcement plate, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is re-expanded, and the retaining spring enters the retaining groove under the action of its own elastic force, so that the pressure-bearing column II cannot escape from the guide rail by itself, thereby preventing the umbrella-shaped expansion device from closing in by itself under the action of gravity.

[0213] Embodiment 10:

[0214] like Fig. 9As shown, the grouting tube and the bolt are arranged in combination, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a pre-collected state by the tube-pin method, and a membrane bag is provided; a single pressure-bearing column I is provided, the front end of the pressure-bearing column I is fixed on the tensioning plate, and the front and rear ends of the pressure-bearing column I are both provided with blunt heads, and a receiving pit is provided on the piercing plate for docking the rear end and the blunt head of the pressure-bearing column I; a reset spring is provided on the rear side of the piercing plate, and a rear support plate is fixed on the anchor bar on the rear side of the piercing plate; the middle part of the grouting tube is fixed to the rear side of the piercing plate in one direction, the front end of the grouting tube moves through the ring I and is inserted into the pressure-bearing column I, the ring I is fixed on the earring by connecting the rope, and the earring is fixed on the inner side of the short rod; after the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed into place by the anchor bar through the rear support plate and the reset spring, the grouting tube withdraws from the pressure-bearing column I while grouting, the rope is released, and the folding rod group is re-tensioned under the action of the rebound force of the reset spring, and the rear end and the blunt head of the pressure-bearing column I reach the piercing plate and enter the receiving pit. The anti-sag device is fixed on the anchor bar. The blunt head at the front end of the pressure column I not only plays a role in expanding the force bearing area and avoiding stress concentration, but also plays a role in fixing and / or lateral stabilization of the front end of the pressure column I.

[0215] Embodiment 11:

[0216] like Fig.10 As shown, there is no bonded prestressed anchor bar, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a buttress state by pushing the anchor bar, and a boat-shaped piece is arranged on the outside of the middle hinge; a single pressure column I is arranged, and the rear end of the pressure column I is fixed on the rib-piercing disk, and the front and rear ends of the pressure column I are both provided with blunt heads, and the tensioning disk is provided with a receiving hole for docking the front end and blunt head of the pressure column I; a centralizer is also arranged at the front end of the pressure column I, and the centralizer is fixed on the pressure column I and / or the blunt head, and a reset spring is arranged between the tensioning disk and the rib-piercing disk; the front end of the perfusion tube is detachably fixed to the rear end of the pressure column I extending out of the rear side of the rib-piercing disk ; A traction device is provided between the pushing tool (anchor bar) and the umbrella-shaped expansion body mechanism, and the traction device includes a pad before the anchor head, a front nut pushed forward by the pad, a hollow screw dragged forward by the nut, and a rear end nut dragged forward by the hollow screw. The rear end nut drags the reinforcement plate forward, thereby driving the entire umbrella-shaped expansion body forward; after the umbrella cage is pushed into the expansion hole section, under the action of the reset spring, the reinforcement plate slides forward, so that the front end and the blunt head of the pressure column I are pushed to the reinforcement plate and enter the receiving pit under the guidance of the straightener, and the folding rod group can be re-expanded.

[0217] Embodiment 12:

[0218] like Fig.11As shown, the self-contained umbrella-shaped expansion device of rotary jetting drills and expands holes in a buttress state; a boat-shaped piece is arranged on the outside of the middle hinge; the anchor plate of Suzhou Nenggong's recoverable anchor cable is arranged on the front side of the tie plate, and the anchor cable passes through the tie plate and the piercing plate movably; a single telescopic pressure-bearing column is arranged, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure column II and a guide rail, and the rotary jetting grouting pipe passes through the piercing plate and the telescopic pressure-bearing column movably and is fixed on the tie plate in one direction; a reset spring is arranged between the tie plate and the piercing plate; after the umbrella-shaped expansion device reaches the expansion section and the expansion work is completed, driven by the rebound force of the reset spring, the tie plate and the piercing plate move toward each other, the guide rail enters the pressure column II, and the rear end of the pressure column II reaches the piercing plate, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is able to be re-expanded.

[0219] Embodiment 13:

[0220] like Fig.12 As shown, the reverse folding umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed and implanted by the anchor bars in a buttress state; a single telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure column II and a guide rail; reset springs are provided on the anchor bars between the rib-tensioning plate and the rib-piercing plate, between the long rod and the short rod, and between the folding rod and the rib-tensioning plate and the rib-piercing plate; the long rod is provided with an extension section; a blunt head and a stop device are provided on the non-fixed ends of the pressure column II and the guide rail, respectively, and a limiting device I is provided on the anchor bar behind the rib-piercing plate; a pushing device is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the rib-tensioning plate, and after the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed into place, driven by the rebound force of the reset spring, the pressure column II and the guide rail move away from each other until the rib-piercing plate reaches the limiting device I and cannot pass through, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is able to be re-expanded, and at the same time, the blunt head passes through the stop device and is stopped by the stop device, and the guide rail and the pressure column II are connected in series to bear pressure.

[0221] Embodiment 14:

[0222] like Fig.13 As shown, the reverse folding umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed and implanted by the anchor bar in a pre-retracted state; a single telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail; a blunt head and a limit stop combination device are respectively provided on the non-fixed ends of the pressure-bearing column II and the guide rail; a pushing device is provided on the anchor bar at the rear side of the tensioning plate, and the pull rope, the perfusion tube, and the measuring tool complex are relaxed and straightened outside the drill hole, so that the umbrella-shaped expansion device is in a reverse folding pre-retracted state, and the measuring tool reading corresponding to the rear end of the anchor bar is recorded, and then the anchor bar is used to push the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the drilling expansion section, and after being pushed into place, the pull rope is pulled outward, so that the reinforcement plate drags the pressure-bearing column II and the guide rail to move in opposite directions, until the blunt head passes through the stop device and is blocked by the limit device II at the same time, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded, and it is reflected in the pressure column = number of the measuring tool corresponding to the rear end of the anchor bar; the guide rail and the pressure-bearing column II are connected in series to bear pressure.

[0223] Example 15: Fig.14As shown, in the forward folding, the one-way retracting piston cylinder is combined with the telescopic pressure-bearing column, the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the cylinder sleeve, the guide rail is combined with the piston, a single or multiple anchor bars are movably passed through the inner space of the hollow piston cylinder, i.e. the hollow telescopic pressure-bearing column, or multiple anchor bars are arranged around the solid or hollow piston cylinder; a slurry discharge hole is provided on the piston cylinder wall or the hollow piston rod at the end of the piston stroke; under the pressure of air pressure or hydraulic medium (air or water or cement slurry), the piston retracts into the piston cylinder and reaches the end of the stroke, and the air medium is released from the slurry discharge hole or the pressure is released and the slurry is discharged. At the same time, the piston drags the tensioning plate and the piercing plate to approach each other, completing the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the return of water or slurry can be used as a sign of the completion of the re-tensioning; the cylinder sleeve exerts permanent pressure.

[0224] Example 16: Fig.15 As shown, in the forward folding, the one-way retracting piston cylinder is combined with the telescopic pressure-bearing column, the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the piston, the guide rail is combined with the cylinder sleeve, and multiple anchor bars are arranged around the solid piston cylinder; a slurry discharge hole is provided on the piston cylinder wall at the end of the piston's stroke; under the pressure of air pressure or hydraulic medium (air or water or cement slurry), the piston retracts into the piston cylinder and reaches the end of the stroke, and the air medium or pressure relief slurry is discharged from the slurry discharge hole. At the same time, the piston drags the tendon plate and the tendon piercing plate to approach each other, completing the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the return of water or slurry can be used as a sign of the completion of the re-tensioning; the piston exerts permanent pressure.

[0225] Embodiment 17:

[0226] like Fig.16 As shown, reverse folding is performed, and the one-way extending piston cylinder is combined with the telescopic pressure-bearing column, that is, the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the piston, and the guide rail is combined with the cylinder sleeve, or vice versa; multiple anchor bars are arranged around the solid piston cylinder; a slurry discharge hole and a limit device II are provided on the piston cylinder wall at the end of the piston's stroke; under the pressure of air pressure or hydraulic medium, the piston extends out of the piston cylinder and reaches the end of the stroke, and releases air medium or pressure-release slurry from the slurry discharge hole. At the same time, the piston pushes the tensioning plate and the piercing plate to move away from each other, completing the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; and the return of water or slurry can be used as a sign of the completion of the re-tensioning.

[0227] Embodiment 18:

[0228] like Fig.17As shown, it is folded in reverse, and the one-way extending hydraulic piston cylinder is combined with the telescopic pressure-bearing column, that is, the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the piston, and the guide rail is combined with the cylinder sleeve, or vice versa; multiple anchor bars are arranged around the hollow piston cylinder, and the anchor bars and the rotary jet drill rod are both movably passed through the inner space of the hollow piston cylinder, or only the rotary jet drill rod is movably passed through the inner space of the hollow piston cylinder; the rotary jet drill rod pushes the tensioning plate or the piercing plate; a slurry discharge hole is set on the cylinder sleeve wall at the end of the piston stroke, or the cylinder sleeve has no outer cover at the end of the piston stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve; under the pressure of air pressure or hydraulic medium, the piston extends out of the piston cylinder and reaches the end of the stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve to release the air medium or release the pressure to release the slurry, or release the air medium or release the pressure to release the slurry from the slurry discharge hole; at the same time, the piston pushes the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate to move away from each other, completing the re-tensioning of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and a limiting device I is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the reinforcement plate to limit the distance between the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate; and the return of water or slurry can be used as a sign of the completion of the re-tensioning.

[0229] Embodiment 19:

[0230] like Fig.18 As shown, the self-contained membrane bag-type umbrella-shaped expansion device of the rotary jetting is implanted in a pre-collected state, and the hole is drilled and expanded by rotary jetting; the anchor plate of Suzhou Nenggong's recyclable anchor cable is arranged at the front side of the reinforcement plate, and the anchor cable passes through the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement through-bar plate; an outer membrane bag and an inner membrane bag are arranged; a pressure column I is arranged, the front end of the pressure column I is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and a blunt head is arranged at the rear end of the pressure column I, and a receiving pit is arranged on the reinforcement through-bar plate for docking the rear end of the pressure column I and the blunt head; a reset spring is arranged between the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement through-bar plate; the front part of the rotary jetting drill rod is fixed to the rear side of the reinforcement plate in one direction, a push-pull plate is arranged in the middle part of the rotary jetting drill rod, and a latch I is arranged to be fixed on the push-pull plate On the top, the bolt I moves forward and passes through the reinforcing plate, the collar I, the anti-sag device and / or the reinforcing plate in sequence. The push-pull plate pushes the bolt I and the umbrella-shaped expansion device forward synchronously through the push head, and the bolt I is pulled out of the collar I and the umbrella-shaped expansion device through the reverse pull head; the outer end of the connecting rope is fixedly connected to the folding rod or fixed longitudinally and movably connected laterally, and the inner end is fixed to the collar I; after the umbrella-shaped expansion device is pushed into place by the jet drilling rod, the pressure column I is withdrawn while the grouting pipe is grouting, the collar I is released, and the folding rod group is re-tensioned under the action of the resetting spring rebound force, and the rear end and blunt end of the pressure column I reach the reinforcing plate and enter the receiving pit. The anti-sag device is fixed on the anchor bar; the grouting pipe and the bolt are set together.

[0231] Embodiment 20:

[0232] like Fig.19As shown, the bolt method I is used to unlock and re-tension; the umbrella-shaped expansion device carrying a recyclable anchor cable is pushed and implanted by the perfusion tube in a buttress state; the perfusion tube and the bolt are combined; a telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail; the middle part of the perfusion tube is fixed to the rib-piercing disk with a large-diameter buckle or thread, the front part movably passes through the telescopic pressure-bearing column, and the front end is fixed to the tensioning disk with a small-diameter buckle or thread; a reset spring is provided between the tensioning disk and the rib-piercing disk; When the pre-expansion work is completed, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted into the expansion section, and the front end grasping nail is pressed against the front hole wall. Because the telescopic pressure-bearing column has a non-circular cross-section, torque can be transmitted between the tensioning plate and the piercing plate. Then the perfusion tube is rotated to release the longitudinal distance lock of the tensioning plate and the piercing plate. Driven by the rebound force of the reset spring, the tensioning plate and the piercing plate move toward each other, the guide rail enters the pressure column II, and the rear end of the pressure column II reaches the piercing plate, so that the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded.

[0233] Embodiment 21:

[0234] like Fig. 20 As shown, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in a pre-contracted state together with the anchor bar; an outer membrane bag is provided; a telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail, the front end of the guide rail is fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate with a thread, and a blunt head is provided at the front end of the pressure-bearing column II; a reset spring is provided between the reinforcement plate and the piercing plate; the telescopic pressure-bearing column is sleeved outside the perfusion tube, the front end of the perfusion tube is connected to the rear end internal thread of the guide rail with an external thread, and the middle part of the perfusion tube is connected to the piercing plate with a same-diameter through-length thread; after the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in place, the perfusion tube is rotated to withdraw from the guide rail and the piercing plate in turn, the longitudinal distance lock of the reinforcement plate and the piercing plate is released, and the folding rod group is able to be re-expanded under the action of the rebound force of the reset spring.

[0235] Embodiment 22:

[0236] like Fig.21 As shown, a telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail. The rib-piercing plate is combined with the guide rail, but a reinforcement plate is still provided. A one-way retractable piston cylinder is provided, and the telescopic pressure-bearing column is combined with the piston cylinder. The front hinged rod is welded to the side of the pressure-bearing column II, and the rear hinged rod is welded to the side of the guide rail; the air / liquid pipe of the piston cylinder is combined with the perfusion pipe and the measuring tool; the anchor bar movably passes through the inner space of the telescopic pressure-bearing column, and a push piece is provided on the rear side of the reinforcement plate.

[0237] Embodiment 23:

[0238] like Fig. 22As shown, a telescopic pressure-bearing column is provided, the telescopic pressure-bearing column includes a pressure-bearing column II and a guide rail, the tensioning plate is combined with the pressure-bearing column II, the piercing plate is combined with the guide rail, a one-way retracting piston cylinder is provided, the telescopic pressure-bearing column is combined with the piston cylinder, the front hinged rod is welded to the side of the guide rail, and the rear hinged rod is welded to the side of the pressure-bearing column II; the air / liquid pipe of the piston cylinder is combined with the perfusion pipe and the measuring tool; the anchor bar movably passes through the inner space of the telescopic pressure-bearing column, and a push piece is provided on the rear side of the guide rail.

[0239] Embodiment 24:

[0240] like Fig.25 As shown, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is locked and re-expanded by the casing method, and is implemented in a self-contained rotary jetting manner; the reset spring can be set behind the reinforcement plate or between the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate; before and after the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is re-expanded, the hole can be expanded, washed and grouting can be carried out by rotary jetting.

[0241] Embodiment 25:

[0242] like Fig.32 , unlock the umbrella-shaped folding rod group by bolt method II, and implement it by self-contained rotary jetting; the front end of the grouting pipe is fixed to the reinforcement plate in one direction by a reducing step, and the middle part is connected to the reinforcement plate by a thread after the diameter is reduced again; the reset spring is arranged behind the reinforcement plate or between the reinforcement plate and the reinforcement plate; before and after the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is re-expanded, the hole can be expanded, washed and grouted by rotary jetting.

[0243] Embodiment 26:

[0244] like Fig.33 As shown, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is unlocked and re-expanded by bolt method III, and after pre-expansion, it is implemented by self-contained rotary jetting; the front end of the rotary jet pipe is connected to the tie rod plate with a thread, and the middle part is fixed to the piercing plate in one direction by a reducing step; the reset spring can be arranged behind the piercing plate or between the tie rod plate and the piercing plate, and the rotary jet pipe and the reducing part can move through the rear support plate, and the rear support plate is annular or block-shaped; before and after the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is re-expanded, the hole can be expanded, washed and grouted by rotary jetting.

[0245] Embodiment 27:

[0246] like Fig.34As shown, the upward inclined hole is unlocked by bolt method IV to re-expand the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted with the anchor bar in a pre-retracted state; a rear anchor plate is provided to be fixedly connected with the anchor bar, a bolt tube 81 is provided between the rib-piercing plate and the rear anchor plate, the front end of the bolt tube 81 is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected with the rib-piercing plate, the rear end of the bolt tube 81 is movably passed through the rear anchor plate, the grouting pipe is threadedly connected with the rear end of the bolt tube 81, and the threaded joint of the grouting pipe cannot pass through the rear anchor plate; before the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is re-expanded, the grouting consolidation material slurry is transported through the inner space of the bolt tube 81 and the telescopic tube; then the bolt tube 81 can be released by rotating the grouting pipe, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-expanded under the drive of the reset spring. An exhaust pipe is provided, and the exhaust pipe also serves as a measuring tool, the front end of the exhaust pipe is fixed on the rib-pulling plate, and it is movably passed through the rear anchor plate and the middle part is fixed on the rib-piercing plate; an integral membrane bag made by combining the outer membrane bag with the front membrane bag is also provided.

[0247] Embodiment 28:

[0248] like Fig.35 As shown, the downward-inclined hole is unlocked by the pin-latch method to re-expand the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted together with the anchor bar in a pre-retracted state; a rear support plate is provided to be fixedly connected with the anchor bar, a pull bolt is provided between the reinforcing bar plate and the rear drag plate, the pull bolt movably passes through the rear anchor plate, and a slot hole Ⅰ is provided at the rear end of the pull bolt; a pin latch is provided on the rear side of the rear anchor plate, a large head cap is provided at one end of the pin latch (or it is replaced by a pin shaft that crosses the end of the pin latch), and the other end movably passes through the slot hole Ⅰ, and the end of the pin latch is provided with a slot hole Ⅱ, and a latch is provided, and the latch is inserted The pin moves from back to front through slot II and the rear anchor plate in sequence, and a bolt release spring is set on the pin bolt between the big head cap (or pin shaft) of the pin bolt and the pull bolt, and the bolt release spring cannot pass through slot I and the big head cap (or pin shaft); the rear end of the bolt is connected to the pull rope and extends out of the drill hole; just pull the pull rope outward to make the pin withdraw from the rib plate and slot II, and the pin bolt will automatically withdraw from slot I under the action of the rebound force of the bolt release spring to release the lock on the pull bolt, so that the umbrella-shaped folding rod group can be re-expanded under the drive of the reset spring. The perfusion pipe moves through the rear support plate and the middle part is fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the perfusion pipe also serves as a measuring tool.

[0249] Embodiment 29:

[0250] like Fig.38As shown, the downward inclined hole is unlocked and re-folded with the bolt method V, and the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded in the reverse direction. The umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted together with the anchor bar in a pre-retracted state; a rear support plate is provided and fixedly connected with the anchor bar, and the rear support plate is combined with the limit device I. A bolt I is provided between the rib-piercing plate and the rear support plate, and the front end of the bolt I is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected with the rib-piercing plate (forward movement is blocked), and the rear end of the bolt I moves through the rear support plate and is unidirectionally fixedly connected with the front end of the grouting pipe (rearward movement is blocked), and the front end of the grouting pipe is threadedly connected with the rear support plate; before the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is re-folded, the grouting consolidation material slurry is transported through the inner space of the bolt I and the telescopic pressure column; then, the grouting pipe only needs to be rotated to disengage from the connection with the rib-piercing plate, and the bolt I can be released to move backward through the rear support plate, and the rib-piercing plate moves backward to the limit device under the drive of the reset spring and is blocked from continuing to move backward, so that the umbrella-shaped expansion device can be re-folded. A measuring tool is provided, which movably passes through the rear supporting plate and has its front end fixed on the rib-piercing plate.

[0251] Embodiment 30:

[0252] like Fig.39 As shown, the downward-inclined hole is unlocked by electromagnetic locking method to re-expand the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the umbrella-shaped expansion device is assembled and pre-folded outside the drilled hole, and the waterproof electromagnet is energized to directly attract the pull bolt or indirectly attract the pull bolt through the armature, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted into the hole together with the anchor bar; a rear anchor plate is provided and is indirectly fixedly connected to the anchor bar through a connecting device 102, the rear end of the connecting device 102 is fixedly connected to the rear anchor plate, and the front end movably passes through the rib-piercing disk and is fixedly connected to the rib-pulling disk, and the rib-pulling disk is clamped and fixed by the load conversion device and the sealing device I; a pull bolt is provided between the rib-piercing disk and the rear anchor plate, and the front end of the pull bolt is connected to the rib-piercing disk. The rib plate is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected (because the bolt cap is blocked by the rib plate, the backward movement of the pull bolt is blocked), the rear end of the pull bolt moves through the rear anchor plate and is detachably fixedly connected to the rear anchor plate (clamped and fixed by the electromagnet and the reset spring), the waterproof electromagnet is fixed on the support, the support is fixedly connected to the middle part of the perfusion tube through the fixing device 153, and the front end of the perfusion tube moves forward through the rib plate and the rib plate; after the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in the expansion section, the pull bolt can be released by simply turning off the power of the waterproof electromagnet, and the rib plate moves forward under the drive of the reset spring, and the umbrella-shaped folding rod group can be re-expanded. A measuring tool is provided, which moves through the rear anchor plate and the front end is fixed on the rib plate.

[0253] Example 31: Fig.85As shown, the anchor head and the load conversion device are not installed on the front side of the reinforcement plate, but are placed in the inner column at the rear; an anchor plate 140 is arranged and fixedly connected in the inner column, the load conversion device is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the anchor plate, a pushing device is installed on the anchor bar at the rear side of the anchor plate or the rear side of the inner column, the inner column is used as the pushed part, the anchor bar pushes the inner column and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in the anchor hole; or an end plate 141 is fixedly arranged at the front end of the inner column, the end plate 141 is used as a traction device, the anchor bar pushes the end plate 141, and the end plate 141 pulls the inner column and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted in the anchor hole.

[0254] Or no anchor plate is provided, but the load conversion device is directly fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the inner column, and the umbrella-shaped expansion device is implanted into the anchor hole by pushing with anchor bars and / or pulling with a pulling device.

[0255] Example 32: Fig.86 As shown, the inner column and the piston cylinder are not combined, and the piston cylinder is placed behind the rib-piercing disk; the front end of the guide rail is combined with the rib-tensioning disk and hinged to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the rear end of the pressure-bearing column II is fixedly connected to the front end of the piston or the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the piston, the rib-piercing disk and the front end of the piston are combined, and the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the piston; the pushing device is installed on the anchor bar on the rear side of the piston cylinder, and the pushing device is also the rear support plate; the front end of the measuring rope 13 is fixed on the rear hinge, and the rear hinge is fixed on the rib-piercing disk. Or as Fig.87 As shown, the guide rail is combined with the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, or the rear end of the guide rail is fixedly connected to the front end of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve.

[0256] Example 33: Fig.88 As shown in , 89, the hoop 154 ​​is located between the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 and the reinforcement plate 8; and a wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is arranged between the hoop 154 ​​and the reinforcement plate 8, and the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is movably mounted on the anchor bar 4, or the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 is fixedly arranged on the front side of the reinforcement plate; the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 is located between the reinforcement plate 3 and the hoop 154, the front end of the pressure column Ⅰ37-1 is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and the rear end is provided with a wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ163-1; the front end and the rear end of the hoop 154 ​​are both provided with a wedge-shaped pit 164, and the top surface diameters of the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ163-2 and the wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ163-1 are both smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit 164;

[0257] Example 34: Fig.90As shown, the pressure column I 37-1 is decomposed into a front section 155 of the pressure column I and a rear section 162 of the pressure column I. The rear section 162 of the pressure column I is movably sleeved on the anchor bar 4, and the rear section 162 of the pressure column I is located between the clamp 154 ​​and the rib-piercing plate 8; a wedge-shaped boss 163 is provided at the front end of the rear section 162 of the pressure column I and the rear end of the front section 155 of the pressure column I, and a wedge-shaped pit 164 is provided at the front end and the rear end of the clamp 154, and the top surface diameter of the wedge-shaped boss 163 is smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit 164;

[0258] Example 35: Fig.92 As shown, when the load conversion device is placed at the front side of the reinforcing plate, the telescopic rod will bear the tension, and the fixing device 20, the front reverse limit device, and the rear reverse limit device are all fixedly connected to the telescopic rod; when the jacking device 32 is not installed on the anchor bar 4 at the rear side of the reinforcing plate, Fig.92 The diameter reducing step 66 of the jet-jet drill rod 12-1 pushes the rear end of the pull rod rear section 176 forward, thereby pushing the rib-piercing plate to realize active contraction of the umbrella cage. Fig.93 The variable diameter step of the jet grouting drill rod pushes the rear end of the front section 186 of the pressure column forward, thereby pushing the tensioning plate to realize the passive contraction of the umbrella cage (shrinking by being squeezed by the hole wall). Of course, it is also possible not to use the jet grouting drill rod to push, but to install a pushing device 32 on the anchor bar at the rear side of the reinforcement plate, and after the pre-expansion is completed, push the umbrella cage forward through the anchor bar to implement anchoring (umbrella planting), such as Fig.92 shown.

[0259] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device, comprising anchor bars (4), a load conversion device (2), and an umbrella-shaped expansion device, wherein the umbrella-shaped expansion device comprises an umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is forward folding or reverse folding, the umbrella-shaped folding rod group comprises a plurality of folding rods, and at the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the folding rods are centrally hinged and constrained to be centrally symmetrical; characterized in that: The umbrella-shaped expansion device further comprises a rib-tensioning plate (3) and / or a rib-piercing plate (8), and a plurality of longitudinally distributed inner columns, the rib-tensioning plate (3) is transversely arranged at the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rib-piercing plate (8) is transversely arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the central axis of the rib-tensioning plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8) coincides with the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; The inner column is a pressure column I (37-1) or a telescopic pressure column or a telescopic pull rod; when the number of the inner column is one, the inner column is located on the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; when the number of the inner columns is greater than or equal to two, a plurality of inner columns are distributed around the central axis of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; The inner columns are arranged in combination or independently; The inner column merging arrangement includes: the rib-drawing plate (3) is mergingly arranged with the front end of the inner column, and / or the rib-piercing plate (8) is mergingly arranged with the rear end of the inner column; Furthermore, the front ends of all folding rods and the front ends of the inner columns or the reinforcing plate (3) are hinged to the front hinge (26), and the rear ends of all folding rods and the rear ends of the inner columns or the reinforcing plate (8) are hinged to the rear hinge (27); When the inner column is a pressure column I (37-1), one end of the pressure column I (37-1) is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, and the other end is located between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; When the inner column is a telescopic pressure-bearing column or a telescopic pull rod, the two ends of the telescopic pressure-bearing column or the telescopic pull rod are respectively hinged to the front end and the rear end of each folding rod; and, When the inner column is pressure column Ⅰ(37-1): The load conversion device (2) is arranged on the front side of the reinforcement plate (3) or is integrated on the reinforcement plate (3) / inner column or the front end of the anchor bar (4); One end of the pressure column I (37-1) is a fixed end I (77), and the other end is a non-fixed end I; the fixed end I (77) is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-tensioning plate (3) or the rib-piercing plate (8), and the non-fixed end I is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or between the rib-tensioning plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8); The connection method between the pressure-bearing column I (37-1) and the anchor bar (4) includes: The pressure-bearing column I (37-1) is sleeved on the anchor bar (4); and / or, A receiving hole (45) or a receiving protrusion (103) is provided at the axial projection of the non-fixed end I of the pressure-bearing column I (37-1) on the reinforcing plate (8) or the reinforcing plate (3), and the receiving hole (45) or the receiving protrusion (103) matches the non-fixed end I; and / or a centralizer (54) is provided on the non-fixed end I, and the centralizer (54) is fixed on the pressure-bearing column I (37-1), and the anchor bar (4) passes through the centralizer (54) in the longitudinal direction, and the anchor bar (4), the pressure-bearing column I (37-1), and the centralizer (54) are relatively fixed in the transverse direction; When the inner column is a telescopic pressure-bearing column: The telescopic pressure-bearing column comprises a pressure-bearing column II (37-2) and a guide rail (39) which cooperate with each other; the pressure-bearing column II (37-2) slides longitudinally along the guide rail (39); one end of the pressure-bearing column II (37-2) is a fixed end II (73), and the other end is a non-fixed end II, the fixed end II (73) is hinged to the front end or rear end of each folding rod, and the non-fixed end II cannot pass through the front end or rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / tensioning plate (3) or rib-piercing plate (8); one end of the guide rail (39) is a non-fixed end III, and the other end is a fixed end III (75), the non-fixed end III is movably connected to the non-fixed end II, and the fixed end III (75) is hinged to the rear end or front end of each folding rod; or between the fixed end II (73) and the fixed end III (75), either one is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the tensioning plate (3), and the other is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate (8); Or, the telescopic pressure-bearing column comprises a pressure-bearing column front section (186) and a pressure-bearing column rear section (187) which cooperate with each other, and the pressure-bearing column front section (186) and the pressure-bearing column rear section (187) are mutually guided and slide longitudinally; the front end of the pressure-bearing column front section (186) is hinged to the front end of each folding rod or fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate (3), the rear end of the pressure-bearing column rear section (187) is hinged to the rear end of each folding rod or fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate (8), and the rear end of the pressure-bearing column front section (186) and the front end of the pressure-bearing column rear section (187) are mutually fixedly connected in one direction; Or, the telescopic pressure-bearing column comprises a pressure-bearing column II (37-2), a reverse extension section (181) of the pressure-bearing column II, a guide rail (39), and a reverse extension section (182) of the guide rail that cooperate with each other; one end of the pressure-bearing column II (37-2) is a fixed end II (73), and the other end is a non-fixed end II, and the fixed end II (73) is hinged to the front end or the rear end of each folding rod through the reverse extension section (181) of the pressure-bearing column II, or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the tensioning plate (3) or the piercing plate (8); One end of the guide rail (39) is a non-fixed end III, and the other end is a fixed end III (75). The non-fixed end III is movably connected to the non-fixed end II. The fixed end III (75) is hinged to the rear end or the front end of each folding rod through the guide rail reverse extension section (182), or is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate (8) or the reinforcing plate (3); the pressure column II reverse extension section (181) is fixedly connected to the pressure column II (37-2); the guide rail reverse extension section (182) is fixedly connected to the guide rail (39); The length of the guide rail (39) is smaller than the length of the pressure-bearing column II (37-2); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, the sum of the lengths of the guide rail (39) and the pressure column II (37-2) is greater than the distance from the front hinge (26) to the rear hinge (27) when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in a folded state; When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded in the reverse direction, the sum of the lengths of the guide rail (39) and the pressure column II (37-2) is greater than the distance from the front hinge (26) to the rear hinge (27) when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in the expanded state; When the inner column is a telescopic rod: The load conversion device (2) is arranged at the rear side of the front side of the reinforcing plate (8); The telescopic pull rod comprises a pull rod front section (175) and a pull rod rear section (176) which cooperate with each other; the pull rod front section (175) and the pull rod rear section (176) serve as guide rails for longitudinal sliding; the front end of the pull rod front section (175) is hinged to the front end of each folding rod, or is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate (3); the rear end of the pull rod rear section (176) is hinged to the rear end of each folding rod, or is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate (8); the rear end of the pull rod front section (175) and the front end of the pull rod rear section (176) are mutually unidirectionally fixedly connected.

2. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A stop device (15) is also provided on the anchor bar (4) or the inner column, so that when the non-fixed end of the pressure column I (37-1) reaches the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the tie plate (3) or the piercing plate (8), it cannot be retracted; or when the pressure column II (37-2) and the guide rail (39) move toward each other until the pressure column II (37-2) reaches the front end or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the tie plate (3) or the piercing plate (8), the pressure column II (37-2) and the guide rail (39) cannot move away from each other; or when the front section (175) and the rear section (176) of the pull rod move away from each other until the rear end of the front section (175) of the pull rod reaches the front end of the rear section (176) of the pull rod, the front section (175) and the rear section (176) of the pull rod cannot move toward each other; the centralizer (54) can only pass through the stop device (15) in one direction; and / or, A reset device is also provided between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or between the rib-drawing disk (3) and the rib-piercing disk (8), and / or behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or behind the rib-piercing disk (8), wherein the reset device is a reset spring (38) and / or a piston cylinder and / or a magnetic device; the magnetic device includes a magnetic attraction device or a magnetic repulsion device; When the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is folded forward: If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring (38), and the reset spring (38) is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic device, then the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib-drawing plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8); If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring (38), and the reset spring (38) is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or arranged behind the rib-piercing disk (8), and is provided with a rear support plate (44); If the reset device is a piston cylinder and is disposed longitudinally behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the rib-piercing disk (8), a rear support plate (44) is disposed behind the rear end of the piston cylinder; The rear support plate (44) is fixed on the anchor bar (4) behind the reset device or is fixedly connected to the tie bar plate (3); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod set is folded in reverse: If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring (38), and the reset spring (38) is a compression spring, or the reset device is a magnetic repulsion device, the reset device is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or between the rib-drawing plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8); If the reset device is a longitudinally arranged reset spring (38), and the reset spring (38) is a tension spring, or the reset device is a magnetic device, the reset device is arranged at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, or arranged behind the rib-piercing plate (8), and is provided with a rear anchor plate (83); If the reset device is a piston cylinder and is disposed longitudinally at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly or behind the rib-piercing plate (8), a rear anchor plate (83) is disposed behind the rear end of the piston cylinder; The rear anchor plate (83) is fixed on the anchor bar (4) behind the reset device or is fixedly connected to the tie bar plate (3); The piston cylinder is a one-way piston cylinder or a two-way piston cylinder; the one-way piston cylinder is a one-way retracting piston cylinder or a one-way extending piston cylinder.

3. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Each of the folding rods comprises a long rod (6) and a short rod (7), and the long rod (6) and the short rod (7) are hinged to each other; the folding rods are assembled in a forward or reverse direction; when the reset device is a torsion spring or a spring steel sheet, the reset device is arranged between the long rod (6) and the short rod (7); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is folded forward: A bolt I (81) or a push rod (82) is also provided, and the bolt I (81) or the push rod (82) is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the rib-drawing plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8); or a bolt II (145) or a pull bolt (91) is provided, and a rear anchor plate (83) is also included, and the bolt II (145) or the pull bolt (91) is arranged between the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the rib-piercing plate (8) and the rear anchor plate (83); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod set is folded in reverse: A bolt II (145) or a pull bolt (91) is also provided, and the bolt II (145) or the pull bolt (91) is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / between the reinforcement plate (3) and the reinforcement plate (8); or a bolt I (81) or a push rod (82) is provided, and also includes a rear support plate (44), the bolt I (81) or the push rod (82) is arranged between the rear support plate (44) and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the reinforcement plate (8), the rear support plate (44) is located behind the reinforcement plate (8) / the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear support plate (44) is fixedly connected to the anchor bar (4) or the reinforcement plate (3); The rotary bolt I (81) is used to bear pressure, the rotary bolt II (145) is used to bear tension, the tension bolt (91) is used to bear tension, and the push rod (82) is used to bear pressure; the rear end of the rotary bolt I (81) or the rotary bolt II (145) or the tension bolt (91) or the push rod (82) is detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the rib plate (8), or is detachably fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rear support plate (44) or the rear anchor plate (83); The one-way piston cylinder comprises a piston and a cylinder sleeve, and a sealing device II (62) is arranged between the piston and the cylinder sleeve; The piston of the one-way extending piston cylinder is either a plunger (147), or includes a piston plate and a piston rod, and the cylinder sleeve includes a cylinder sleeve wall and a cylinder sleeve base (114); When the one-way extending piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II (62) includes only one seal, which is located on the outside of the plunger (147) or the solid piston plate (58) and the inside of the single-layer cylinder wall (99); When the one-way extending piston cylinder is hollow, the cylinder liner wall includes a cylinder liner inner wall (115) and a cylinder liner outer wall (117), and the sealing device II (62) includes two single-group seals or one two-group seal, one of which is located on the inner side of the plunger (147) or the hollow piston plate (113) and the outer side of the cylinder liner inner wall (115), and the other is located on the outer side of the plunger (147) or the hollow piston plate (113) and the inner side of the cylinder liner outer wall (117); The piston of the one-way retractable piston cylinder comprises a piston plate and a piston rod, and the cylinder sleeve comprises a cylinder sleeve wall and a cylinder sleeve base (114); When the one-way retractable piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II (62) includes two seals, one of which is a piston rod seal (112) located between the solid piston rod (98) and the cylinder liner base (114), and the other is a cylinder liner seal (169) located between the solid piston plate (58) and the single-layer cylinder liner wall (99); When the one-way retractable piston cylinder is hollow, the piston plate is a hollow piston plate (113), the piston rod is a hollow piston rod (111) or a solid piston rod (98), and the cylinder liner wall is a single-layer cylinder liner wall (99) or includes a cylinder liner inner wall (115) and a cylinder liner outer wall (117); The sealing device II (62) includes two seals: one seal is a piston rod seal (112) located between the solid piston rod (98) and the cylinder liner base (114), or between the hollow piston rod (111) and the cylinder liner base (114); the other seal is a cylinder liner seal (169); When the cylinder liner wall is a single-layer cylinder liner wall (99), there is only one set of cylinder liner seals (169), which are located between the hollow piston plate (113) and the single-layer cylinder liner wall (99); When the cylinder liner wall includes the cylinder liner inner wall (115) and the cylinder liner outer wall (117), the cylinder liner seal (169) includes two groups, inner and outer, which are respectively located between the inner edge of the hollow piston plate (113) and the cylinder liner inner wall (115) and between the outer edge of the hollow piston plate (113) and the cylinder liner outer wall (117).

4. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (3) without a hinge device, or is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (3) by being hinged to the front hinge device (19); The rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the rib plate (8) without a hinge device, or is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the rib plate (8) by being hinged to a rear hinge device (21); The front hinge device (19) is fixedly connected to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (3), and the rear hinge device (21) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (8).

5. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes any one or more of the following structures: Structure 1: Also includes a rigid rod (16) or a pull rope (49); the front end of the rigid rod (16) is connected to the rear end / ribbed plate (8) of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear end of the rigid rod (16) extends backward out of the drilled hole; the front end of the pull rope (49) is connected to the rear end / ribbed plate (8) of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear end of the pull rope (49) extends backward out of the drilled hole; Structure 2: It also includes a measuring tool (13), the rear part of which is marked with scale lines; the front end of the measuring tool (13) is connected to the rear end / rib plate (8) of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear end of the measuring tool extends backwards out of the drill hole; and / or the umbrella planting tool carries an optical or physical detection device for verifying the expansion state of the umbrella cage; Structure 3: It also includes N perfusion pipes (12), the front end of each perfusion pipe (12) is connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the rear end of each perfusion pipe (12) extends backward out of the drill hole, N≥1; Structure 4: further comprising an exhaust pipe (28), the front end of the exhaust pipe (28) being connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device, and the rear end of the exhaust pipe (28) extending backwards out of the drilled hole; Structure 5: further comprising stirrups (9) and / or film bags (42); the folding rod is circumferentially tied by means of a plurality of layers of stirrups (9) and / or film bags (42); the folding rod is fixedly connected to the stirrups (9) at the intersection, and / or the folding rod is fixedly connected to the film bag; Structure 6: It also includes a guide cap (1) at the front end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; the guide cap (1) is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device; Structure 7: When the guide cap (1) is movably connected to the reinforcement plate (3), an anti-slip device (35) is provided at the rear of the guide cap (1), and the anti-slip device is located at the rear of the reinforcement plate (3); Structure 8: An anti-sag device is provided between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; Structure 9: A pushing device (32) or a pulling device is provided between the umbrella planting tool and the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the pushing device or the pulling device is used to enable the umbrella-shaped expanding device to enter the anchor hole together with the umbrella planting tool; the pushing device is fixed to the umbrella planting tool, and the pushing device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the pushed component of the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the pushing device (32) cannot pass forward through the pushed component; the pulling device is arranged horizontally and connected to the pulled part of the umbrella-shaped expanding device, and the umbrella planting tool pushes the rear side of the pulling device forward; or the pulling device is arranged longitudinally, and the front end of the pulling device is connected to the front end of the umbrella planting tool, and the rear end of the pulling device is connected to the pulled component of the umbrella-shaped expanding device; Structure 10: The load conversion device (2) is fixedly or detachably fixedly connected to the front end of the anchor bar (4), and the load conversion device (2) is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the umbrella-shaped expansion device; when the reinforcement plate (3) or the reinforcement plate (8) is not combined with the inner column, the load conversion device (2) is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate (3) or the reinforcement plate (8); when the reinforcement plate (3) is combined with the front end of the inner column or the reinforcement plate (8) is combined with the rear end of the inner column, the load conversion device (2) is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the inner column; when the load conversion device is fixedly or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcement plate (3), the rear end of the anchor bar (4) moves through the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group / the reinforcement plate (8); Or the load conversion device (2) is a U-shaped channel frame (179) or a pulley frame, through which the anchor bar (4) is movably inserted in a U shape, and the U-shaped channel frame (179) or the pulley frame is connected to the front end or the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; Structure 11: It also includes an orientation mechanism, which is used to ensure that when the umbrella-shaped expansion device is assembled, each folding rod is kept in the same longitudinal section as the central axis of the reinforcement plate (3) and the reinforcement plate (8); Structure 12: When the front hinge device (19) or the rear hinge device (21) is a vertical hinge plate, a rib beam is arranged on the side of the vertical hinge plate, the rib beam is fixed on the rib plate (3) or the rib plate (8), and the rib beam is close to and perpendicular to the vertical hinge plate; when the front hinge device (19) and the rear hinge device (21) are hinge rods, an elastic device is arranged at the connection between the front hinge device (19) and the rib plate (3), or at the connection between the rear hinge device (21) and the rib plate (8); Structure 13: A long rod extension part (43) is provided at the rear end of the long rod (6), and the long rod extension part (43) is fixedly connected to the rear end of the long rod (6) at the middle hinge (24), or the long rod extension part (43) and the long rod (6) are an integral structure; the length of the long rod extension part (43) is shorter than that of the short rod (7); Or a boat-shaped member (40) is provided, the boat-shaped member (40) is connected to the middle hinge, and uses the pin of the middle hinge (24) as a rotation axis and rotates freely outside the middle hinge (24); The long rod extension part (43) extends along the axis of the long rod (6) or bends inward, and / or the long rod extension part (43) widens in the tangential direction to form a boat shape; Structure 14: When the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (3) without a hinge device, or the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (8) without a hinge device, the front end or rear end of the folding rod is provided with a closed ring (125), and the reinforcing plate (3) or the inner column is provided with a through hole (122), and the closed ring (125) is movable through the through hole (122) and locked on the through hole (122), and the plane where the closed ring (125) is located is perpendicular to the reinforcing plate (3) and the reinforcing plate (8) or perpendicular to the tangent direction of the inner column; When the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front hinge device (19) and thus hinged to the front end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (3), the front end of the folding rod is hinged to the front hinge device (19) through the front hinge (26); when the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear end of the inner column or the reinforcing plate (8) through the rear hinge device (21), the rear end of the folding rod is hinged to the rear hinge device (21) through the rear hinge (27); the long rod (6) and the short rod (7) are hinged through the middle hinge (24); The front hinge (26), the middle hinge (24), and the rear hinge (27) are all one of a connector-free hinge, a single-connector hinge, and a double-connector hinge; The side without connector hinge is a ring plug (121) or a spherical ball or a closed ring (125); When one side of the connector-free hinge is a ring-shaped plug (121), the other side is a ring-shaped socket (130) that matches it; When one side of the connector-free hinge is a spherical ball, the other side is a ball seat that matches the spherical ball; the ball seat has an opening extending in the longitudinal direction, for the spherical ball to be fixedly connected to a long rod (6) or a short rod (7) or a front hinge device (19) or a rear hinge device (21) outside the opening, and the spherical ball can rotate at any angle along the radial longitudinal section but cannot be separated from the ball seat; When one side of the connector-free hinge is a closed ring (125), the other side is also a closed ring (125), the two closed rings (125) are locked with each other, the planes where the two closed rings (125) are located are perpendicular to each other, and the ring hole (120) of at least one closed ring (125) is circular; One side of the single connector hinge is a male connector (124) or a female connector (123), the male connector is provided with a ring plug (121), and the female connector is provided with a ring socket (130); the other side of the single connector hinge is a ring socket (130) or a ring plug (121) that matches the male connector (124) or the female connector (123); One side of the double connector hinge is a male connector (124) or a female connector (123), the male connector (124) is provided with a ring plug (121), and the female connector is provided with a ring socket (130); the other side of the double connector hinge is a female connector (123) or a male connector (124) that matches the male connector (124) or the female connector (123); The connection structure of the annular plug and the annular socket is as follows: two mutually spaced rings are fixed in parallel on the annular socket (130); the annular plug (121) is inserted into the gap between the two rings of the annular socket (130); the annular hole (120) of at least one of the annular socket (130) and the annular plug (121) is circular; and the hinge pin (34) simultaneously passes through the annular holes (120) of both the annular socket (130) and the annular plug (121); Structure 15: An air bag or a liquid bag, and a pressure-resistant tube leading from the air bag or the liquid bag to the outside of the borehole are provided, wherein the air bag or the liquid bag is used for re-expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device; a safety valve is provided on the air bag or the liquid bag; the air bag or the liquid bag is arranged between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or between the rib-drawing plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8), or at the rear end of the umbrella-shaped expansion device, or behind the rib-piercing plate (8); Structure 16: When the sealing ring in the sealing device II (62) is an O-type sealing ring, the sealing device II (62) further comprises a square groove (171) and an arc groove (172) which cooperate with each other, and the square groove (171) and the arc groove (172) are respectively located on the piston and the cylinder sleeve on both sides of the O-type sealing ring; for a one-way extending piston cylinder: the sealing device II (62) is arranged at the top end and / or the bottom end of the cylinder sleeve; when the sealing device II (62) is located at the top end of the piston cylinder, the piston side is the arc groove (172), and the cylinder sleeve side is the square groove ( 171); when the sealing device II (62) is located at the bottom end of the piston cylinder, the piston side is a square groove (171), and the cylinder sleeve side is an arc groove (172); for a one-way retractable piston cylinder: the sealing device II (62) is arranged at the top and bottom ends of the cylinder sleeve at the same time; when the sealing device II (62) is located at the top end of the piston cylinder, the piston side is a square groove (171), and the cylinder sleeve side is an arc groove (172); when the sealing device II (62) is located at the bottom end of the piston cylinder, the piston side is an arc groove (172), and the cylinder sleeve side is a square groove (171); When the sealing ring in the sealing device II (62) is a Y-shaped sealing ring, the sealing device II (62) further comprises a step IV (170) and a pressing device (168), and the Y-shaped sealing ring is installed between the step IV (170) and the pressing device (168); the opening of the Y-shaped sealing ring faces the medium chamber (167); for a one-way extending piston cylinder: when the piston cylinder is solid, the sealing device II (62) is arranged on the outer edge of the plunger (147) or the solid piston plate (58); when the piston cylinder is hollow, the sealing device II (62) is arranged on the outer edge and the inner edge of the plunger (147) or the hollow piston plate (113); for a one-way retracting piston cylinder: the sealing device II (62) is arranged on the outer edge of the solid piston plate (58) or the hollow piston plate (113) and the inner edge of the cylinder sleeve base (114); Structure 17: The umbrella-shaped expansion device is also connected in parallel or in series with a hole expansion section centering bracket, the centering bracket includes a bracket folding rod group that can be folded forward or backward, the bracket folding rod group includes at least three bracket folding rods that are angled to each other, and a plurality of stirrups are provided to be fixedly connected to each of the bracket folding rods, and a reset spring (38) is also provided for re-tensioning the bracket folding rod group; the bracket folding rod includes a bracket long rod and a bracket short rod, the bracket long rod and the bracket short rod are hinged to each other through a bracket middle hinge, the bracket long rod is hinged to the front end / rear end of the bracket folding rod group, and the bracket short rod is hinged to the rear end / front end of the bracket folding rod group; Structure 18: The mouth of the receiving hole (45) or the shoulder of the receiving protrusion (103) has a slope (46).

6. The inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes a blunt tip (5); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is forwardly folded, the blunt head (5) is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the end of the pressure-bearing column I (37-1) or the pressure-bearing column II (37-2); when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is in an expanded state, the blunt head (5) contacts the rib-tensioning plate (3) and / or the rib-piercing plate (8); When the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly is folded in reverse, the connection mode of the blunt head (5) includes any one of the following: The blunt head (5) is arranged at a non-fixed end of one of the guide rail (39) and the pressure column II (37-2), or at a non-fixed end of one of the pressure column front section (186) and the pressure column rear section (187), and a limit device II (61) and a stop device (15) are arranged at the other non-fixed end; the blunt head (5) can pass through the stop device (15) in one direction, but cannot pass through the limit device II (61); The blunt head (5) is arranged at the non-fixed end of one of the guide rail (39) and the pressure column II (37-2), and a stopper (15) is arranged at the non-fixed end of the other one. A limiter I (22) is arranged on the anchor bar (4) at the rear side of the rib-piercing plate (8); the blunt head (5) can pass through the stopper (15) in one direction, but the rib-piercing plate (8) cannot pass through the limiter I (22); The blunt head (5) is arranged at the rear end of the pull rod front section (175) or the front end of the pull rod rear section (176), and a limit device II (61) is arranged at the front end of the pull rod rear section (176) or the rear end of the pull rod front section (175), and the blunt head (5) and the limit device II (61) cannot pass through each other.

7. The expansion method of the inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use one or more of the following methods to achieve expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section: using gravity, using gravity plus a pull rope / pull rod retracting method, using gravity plus a push-pull method, a push-pull method, using a piston cylinder drive, using a return spring drive, and using an electromagnetic drive; The methods using piston cylinder drive include one-way piston cylinder method and two-way piston cylinder method; The method of driving by the return spring includes an adaptive re-tensioning method and a pre-collection-after-unlocking re-tensioning method. The pre-collection-after-unlocking re-tensioning method includes a horizontal distance locking re-tensioning method, a vertical distance locking re-tensioning method, and an angle locking re-tensioning method.

8. The expansion method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The horizontal distance locking and re-tensioning methods include the bolt method, the sleeve method, the hot melt method, the horizontal rope knot method, the horizontal tethering method, the rotary spray breaking method, the rope winding method, and the gas-liquid dynamic pin method; The pinning method includes a full-length pinning method and a self-carrying short pinning method of the perfusion tube; The full-length pin method includes the solid pin method and the tube pin method; The longitudinal locking and re-tensioning methods include the bolt method, the pin latch method, the electromagnetic locking method, the air bag or liquid bag method, the hot melt method, the clamp method, the longitudinal knotting method, the longitudinal tethering method, and the rotary spraying breaking method; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the full-length pin method, in addition to the reset spring (38), a latch pin III (101) is also provided. The latch pin III (101) is a pipe pin or a solid pin. The middle part of the latch pin III (101) moves through the reinforcing plate (8). The front end of the latch pin III (101) moves forward through a plurality of collars I (50) or collars II (87) or binding rings (106) or winding rings (107), and is movably connected or detachably fixed to the anti-sag device (30) and / or the reinforcing plate (3) and / or the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group. The rear end of the latch pin III (101) extends out of the drilled hole or extends out of the drilled hole through a pin pulling rope (94). wherein the rings I (50) are connected to the folding rods one by one through spokes; or the rings II (87) are connected to the folding rods one by one, and each ring II (87) inserts the latch pin III (101) and the corresponding folding rod into the ring; or one or more binding ropes (104) are sequentially movably passed through the earrings (17) arranged longitudinally on all the folding rods, and a binding ring (106) is fixedly connected to each end of the binding rope (104), and the binding rings (106) at both ends are movably sleeved on the latch pin III (101); or one or more winding ropes (108) are sequentially movably passed through the earrings (17) on all the folding rods, and each winding rope (108) is wrapped around the latch pin III (101) in a U-shaped or O-shaped manner to form a ring (107), and the head and tail of each winding rope (108) are fixedly connected; the earring (17) is fixedly connected to the folding rod; The collar I (50) or collar II (87) or tie ring (106) or ring (107) transversely locks the retracted folding rod onto the latch III (101); the front end of the latch III (101) is transversely constrained by the anti-sag device (30) and / or the front end of the rib-tensioning plate (3) and / or the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the middle part is transversely constrained by the rear end of the rib-piercing plate (8) and / or the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; Alternatively, earrings (17) are disposed transversely on the long rod (6) and the short rod (7), and a through-length pin is longitudinally passed through the earrings (17) on the short rod (7) and the long rod (6), and the front end of the through-length pin is movably connected or detachably fixed to the anti-sag device (30) or the rib-tensioning plate (3) or the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and the rear end of the through-length pin movably passes through the rib-piercing plate (8) / the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group and extends out of the drilled hole or extends out of the drilled hole through the pin pulling rope (94); When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the self-carrying short pin method of the perfusion tube, in addition to the reset spring (38), a step II (69) is provided on the perfusion tube behind the rib plate (8), a thrust bearing II (65) is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the step II (69), a push-pull plate (67) is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the thrust bearing II (65), a thrust bearing III (71) is sleeved on the perfusion tube behind the push-pull plate (67), and a thrust bearing III (71) is sleeved on the rear side of the thrust bearing III (71). A step III (70) is provided on the perfusion pipe; a plurality of latch pins I (60) are longitudinally provided, the latch pins I are distributed around the inner column and the number of the latch pins I is the same as the folding rod, and the latch pins I (60), the folding rod and the inner column are located on the same longitudinal section; a plurality of collars II (87) are provided, and the front end of the latch pin I (60) is movable through the rib-piercing plate (8), the collar II (87) in turn and is inserted into or movable through the anti-sag device (30) and / or the rib-tensioning plate (3); the latch pin I (60) The rear end is either directly fixedly connected to the push-pull plate (67), or movably passes through the push-pull plate (67) and is fixedly connected to the push head (72) and the reverse pull head (68) at the front and rear sides of the push-pull plate (67), respectively; the push head (72) and the reverse pull head (68) cannot pass through the push-pull plate (67), and the push-pull plate (67) is fixedly connected to the perfusion tube (12); the sleeve ring II (87) corresponds to the folding rod and the latch I (60) one by one, and the corresponding folding rod and the latch I (60) are connected to the same or a plurality of rings I (50) and a plurality of spokes are provided, the inner ends of the spokes are fixedly connected to the rings I (50), and the outer ends are connected to the folding rods, and the spokes, the rings I (50), and the folding rods are connected one by one; the rings I (50) lock the folding rods after contraction on the latch pins I (60), the front end of the latch pins I (60) is laterally restrained by the anti-sag device (30) and / or the rib-tensioning plate (3), and the middle part is laterally restrained by the rib-piercing plate (8); When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the casing method, in addition to the reset spring (38), a step II (69) is provided on the injection pipe behind the rib plate (8), a thrust bearing II (65) is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the step II, a push-pull plate (67) is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the thrust bearing II (65), a thrust bearing III (71) is sleeved on the injection pipe behind the push-pull plate (67), and a step III (71) is provided on the injection pipe behind the thrust bearing III (71). 0); the injection pipe before the thrust bearing I (11) is a small diameter section, which movably passes through the reinforcing plate (3); the injection pipe after the thrust bearing I (11) is a large diameter section, which movably passes through the reinforcing plate (8) and is movably sleeved in the inner column; the sleeve (79) is movably sleeved outside the umbrella-shaped expansion device, the front end of the sleeve (79) reaches the side of the reinforcing plate (3) and / or is inserted into the rear end of the guide cap, and the rear end of the sleeve (79) is fixedly connected to the push-pull plate (67); the anchor bar (4) movably passes through the push-pull plate (67); When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the screw bolt method, in addition to the reset spring (38), a gripping nail (63) is provided in front of the rib plate (3), and the gripping nail (63) is fixedly connected to the front end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group or the rib plate (3); when the rib plate (8) or the rear anchor plate (83) or the rear support plate (44) is detachably fixedly connected to the screw bolt I (81) or the screw bolt II (145) and when there is only one telescopic pressure-bearing column or telescopic pull rod, the cross section of the telescopic pressure-bearing column or the telescopic pull rod is non-circular; it is used to transversely fix the umbrella-shaped expansion device on the hole wall in front of the expansion section so that it cannot rotate, so that it can be unlocked by transversely rotating the umbrella planting tool to achieve expansion of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; When a one-way piston cylinder is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, and the piston cylinder is located between the front end and the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is combined with a telescopic pressure-bearing column or a telescopic pull rod, wherein the pressure-bearing column II is combined with the piston / cylinder sleeve, and the guide rail is combined with the cylinder sleeve / piston; and when a hollow piston cylinder is used: a slurry discharge hole (31) is provided on the cylinder sleeve wall and / or the hollow piston rod (111) at the end of the piston stroke, or a cylinder sleeve without an outer cover or a limit device II is provided at the end of the piston stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve; when a solid piston cylinder is used: a slurry discharge hole (31) is provided on the cylinder sleeve wall at the end of the piston stroke, or a cylinder sleeve without an outer cover or a limit device II is provided at the end of the piston stroke, and the piston is directly pushed out of the cylinder sleeve; When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded forward, if the piston cylinder is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way retracting type; if the piston cylinder is located behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way extending type; When the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded in the reverse direction, if the piston cylinder is located between the front and rear ends of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way extending type; if the piston cylinder is located behind the rear end of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, the piston cylinder is a one-way retracting type; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by electromagnetic driving, a driving coil I (185) is fixedly arranged on the reinforcement plate (3) or the reinforcement plate (8), and a driving coil II or an induction coil or a permanent magnet is fixedly arranged on the connecting device (102); or a driving coil I (185) is fixedly arranged on the connecting device (102), and a driving coil II or an induction coil or a permanent magnet is fixedly arranged on the reinforcement plate (3) or the reinforcement plate (8); When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the electromagnetic locking method, a pull bolt (91), a return spring, and a waterproof electromagnet (88) are provided; the waterproof electromagnet (88) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the perfusion tube (12); for the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds forward, the front end of the pull bolt (91) is connected to the reinforcing plate (8), and the rear end is movable through the rear anchor plate (83); the waterproof electromagnet is placed on the rear side of the rear anchor plate (83) and is directly or indirectly attracted to the rear end of the pull bolt; the rear anchor plate (83) is fixed to the anchor bar (4) or is fixedly connected or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate (3) through the connecting device (102); for the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds backward, the front end of the pull bolt (91) is fixedly connected to the reinforcing plate (3), and the rear end is movable through the reinforcing plate (8); the waterproof electromagnet is placed on the rear side of the reinforcing plate (8) and is directly or indirectly attracted to the rear end of the pull bolt; Or a slot hole Ⅰ (96) is transversely cut on the pull bolt, and the pull bolt is transversely locked by using an armature as a through pin or a through pin equipped with an armature, and the through pin is controlled to enter and exit the slot hole Ⅰ (96) by powering on or off the electromagnet; and the tensioning plate and the through-bar plate are brought closer to each other by rebounding through the reset spring (38), thereby realizing the re-expansion of the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using a hot melt method: in addition to the reset spring (38), a hot melt rope is also provided; If the hot melt rope is arranged horizontally: when there is only one hot melt rope, after the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded, each folding rod is connected in series and tightened with a single hot melt rope, and the electric heating device is sleeved on the hot melt rope; when there are multiple hot melt ropes, the inner end of each hot melt rope is connected to the pressure column I (37-1) or the telescopic pressure column or the telescopic pull rod or the anchor bar (4) or the perfusion pipe (12), and the outer end of the hot melt rope is connected to the folding rod; If the hot melt rope is arranged longitudinally, the hot melt rope is located between the rib-drawing plate (3) and the rib-piercing plate (8), or the hot melt rope is located between the rib-piercing plate (8) and the rear support plate (44) or the rear anchor plate (83); When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by using the pin latch method, a reset spring (38), a pull bolt (91) / a push rod (82), a pin latch (92), a latch pin II (93), a latch spring (95) or a latch magnet are provided. A slot hole I (96) is chiseled transversely at the rear end of the pull bolt (91) / a push rod (82), and a slot hole II (97) is chiseled at one end of the pin latch (92) in a direction perpendicular to the pin latch. For the umbrella-shaped folding rod assembly that folds forward, when the push rod is used, the front end of the push rod (82) is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end movably passes through the rib plate, and the pin is installed on the front side of the rib plate; when the pull bolt is used, the front end of the pull bolt (91) is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib plate, and the rear end movably passes through the rear anchor plate, and the pin is installed on the rear side of the rear anchor plate; For the umbrella-shaped folding rod group that folds in reverse, when the push rod is used, the front end of the push rod (82) is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate, and the rear end movably passes through the rear support plate, and the pin latch (92) is arranged on the front side of the rear support plate (44); when the pull bolt is used, the front end of the pull bolt (91) is fixed or unidirectionally fixedly connected to the rib-piercing plate, and the rear end movably passes through the rib-piercing plate, and the pin latch (92) is arranged on the rear side of the rib-piercing plate; The pin latch (92) moves transversely through the slot hole I (96), a delatching spring (95) is connected to the pin latch (92), and the latch pin II (93) moves longitudinally through the slot hole II (97) and moves through the rib plate (8) or the rear support plate (44) or the rear anchor plate (83); or the delatching spring (95) is not provided but a delatching magnet is provided, the delatching magnet includes one or two magnets, one of which is fixed to the pin latch (92) or an adjacent member, and the other two are respectively fixed to the pin latch (92) and the adjacent member; The air bag or liquid bag method includes a pressurization method and / or a pressure relief method: the pressurization method is to implant an umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section when no medium is filled in the bag, and then expand the bag to a preset shape by adding gas or liquid at a rated pressure, thereby expanding the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the pressure relief method is to add gas or liquid in advance to expand the bag to a preset shape to shrink the umbrella-shaped folding rod group, and then implant the umbrella-shaped expansion device into the expansion section, and then release or suck the medium in the bag, or pressurize to a preset pressure value to open the safety valve, and the bag loses pressure and shrinks, so that the umbrella-shaped folding rod group can be re-expanded under the action of the rebound force of the reset spring; When the hoop method is used to expand the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section: A clamp (154) and a return spring (38) are provided; For threaded rib anchor bars or screw-type anchor bars, the hoop (154) is also provided with a mounting pin (157) and a latch pin IV (156); for round anchor bars or herringbone rib anchor bars, the hoop (154) is provided with a transverse bolt, a latch pin IV (156) and a friction pad; the hoop (154) is detachably fixed to the anchor bar in a sleeve-type manner; the hoop (154) is divided into a left hoop arc (154-1) and a right hoop arc (154-2) that fit each other; the mutually fitting parts of the left hoop arc (154-1) and the right hoop arc (154-2) are longitudinally penetrated with mounting pin holes (158) and latch pin holes (159), which are used for the mounting pin (157) and the latch pin IV (156) to be movably inserted respectively; The latch pin IV (156) moves from back to front through the mutually fitting parts of the reinforcing plate (8), the left half arc (154-1) of the clamp and the right half arc (154-2) of the clamp, the front end of the latch pin IV (156) moves to be inserted into or moves through the anti-sag device (30) and / or the reinforcing plate (3), and the rear end of the latch pin IV (156) extends out of the drill hole or extends out of the drill hole through the pin pulling rope (94); The splitting structure of the clamp (154) is as follows: blind holes (160) are transversely arranged at mutually fitting positions of the left half arc (154-1) and the right half arc (154-2) of the clamp, the blind holes of the two half arcs face each other, and a ejection spring (161) is arranged in the blind hole (160); and / or, For a forward folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group provided with a telescopic pressure-bearing column, a hoop (154) is located between the pressure-bearing column II (37-2) and the guide rail (39); a wedge-shaped boss I (163-1) is provided at the non-fixed end of the pressure-bearing column II (37-2), and a wedge-shaped boss II (163-2) is provided at the non-fixed end of the guide rail (39); a wedge-shaped recess (164) is provided at the front and rear ends of the hoop (154); and the top surface diameters of the wedge-shaped boss II (163-2) and the wedge-shaped boss I (163-1) are both smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped recess (164); For a forward folding umbrella-shaped folding rod group provided with a pressure-bearing column I (37-1), a hoop (154) is located between the pressure-bearing column I (37-1) and a reinforcing plate (8); and a wedge-shaped boss II (163-2) is provided between the hoop (154) and the reinforcing plate (8), and the wedge-shaped boss II (163-2) is movably sleeved on the anchor bar (4), or the wedge-shaped boss II (163-2) is fixedly provided on the front side of the reinforcing plate; the pressure-bearing column Ⅰ (37-1) is located between the reinforcement plate (3) and the hoop (154), the front end of the pressure column Ⅰ (37-1) is fixed on the reinforcement plate, and the rear end is provided with a wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ (163-1); the front end and the rear end of the hoop (154) are both provided with a wedge-shaped pit (164), and the top surface diameters of the wedge-shaped boss Ⅱ (163-2) and the wedge-shaped boss Ⅰ (163-1) are both smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped pit (164); Alternatively, the pressure-bearing column I (37-1) is decomposed into a front section (155) of the pressure-bearing column I and a rear section (162) of the pressure-bearing column I. The rear section (162) of the pressure-bearing column I is movably mounted on the anchor bar (4). The rear section (162) of the pressure-bearing column I is located between the clamp (154) and the rib-piercing plate (8). A wedge-shaped boss (163) is provided at the front end of the rear section (162) of the pressure-bearing column I and a rear end of the front section (155) of the pressure-bearing column I. A wedge-shaped recess (164) is provided at the front end and the rear end of the clamp (154). The top surface diameter of the wedge-shaped boss (163) is smaller than the mouth diameter of the wedge-shaped recess (164). Or the splitting structure of the hoop (154) is: an ejection magnet is installed, and the ejection magnet includes four groups of drive coils, or two groups of drive coils, two groups of induction coils, or two groups of drive coils, two groups of permanent magnets, which are respectively fixed at the head and tail ends of the left half arc (154-1) of the hoop and the right half arc (154-2) of the hoop; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion hole section by adopting the transverse knotting method or the transverse tethering method, earrings (17) are arranged on each folding rod, and a restraining rope is arranged to movably pass through each earring in a serial or parallel manner, and the rope head of the restraining rope extends out of the drill hole; in addition to the reset spring (38), the transverse tethering method is also provided with an external anchor, and the transverse knotting method is also provided with a rope knot; When the longitudinal tethering method is adopted to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, in addition to the reset spring (38), a tethering member is provided in the longitudinal direction, the front end of the tethering member is fixed on the inner anchor, the inner anchor is fixed on the reinforcing plate, the rear end of the tethering member is led out of the drill hole and connected to the outer anchor, and the outer anchor is fixedly connected to the rear end of the anchor bar; When the longitudinal knotting method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, a return spring (38), a binding rope and a rope knot are provided, and the rope head is extended out of the drill hole; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion hole section by using the rotary jet separation method, in addition to the reset spring (38), a locking device is provided which is distributed in the longitudinal direction and can be cut by the rotary jet, and the locking device is cut by the ultra-high pressure rotary jet, thereby unlocking the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; When the umbrella-shaped expansion device is expanded in the expansion section by the rope winding method, in addition to the reset spring (38), a longitudinal reel and a plurality of transverse binding ropes are also provided; each folding rod is fixedly connected to a binding rope, and the other end of each binding rope is fixed on the reel; when the reel rotates transversely to wind up the binding rope, a latch or ratchet is provided outside the drilled hole to fix the rotation angle of the reel so as to lock the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; the reel and the binding rope are released by removing the latch or moving the ratchet, thereby unlocking the umbrella-shaped folding rod group; When a pneumatic or hydraulic pin method is used to implement the expansion of the umbrella-shaped expansion device in the expansion section, a return spring (38) and a pneumatic or hydraulic piston cylinder are provided. The piston cylinder is a one-way extending type or a one-way retracting type. The one-way piston cylinder includes a piston and a cylinder sleeve. A sealing device II (62) is provided between the piston and the cylinder sleeve. The piston rod or plunger is used as a latch, and a plurality of collars I (50) or collars II (87) or binding rings (106) or winding rings (107) are movably sleeved on the piston rod, wherein each collar I (50) is locked and unlocked one by one with a folding rod through a spoke, and the outer end of each spoke is fixedly connected to the folding rod, and the inner end is fixedly connected to the collar I (50).

9. The expansion method of the inner column type umbrella-shaped expansion device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic pressure-bearing column is combined with the one-way extending piston cylinder / one-way retracting piston cylinder, and the outward return of water or slurry is used as a sign of completion of re-expansion; and when the umbrella-shaped folding rod group is folded in the reverse direction, a limit device II (61) is provided on the piston cylinder wall at the end of the piston stroke, or a limit device I (22) is provided on the anchor bar on the rear side of the rib-piercing plate.

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