Outer wall polishing mechanism and method based on aviation cylindrical workpiece

Abstract

The present invention relates to an outer wall polishing mechanism based on an aviation cylindrical workpiece, comprising a base plate, an expansion sleeve fixture, an adjustable bracket and a grinding assembly, wherein the base plate is mounted on a machine tool workbench; one end of the expansion sleeve fixture is clamped and fixed on the clamping mechanism, and the other end is expansion-connected with one end of the workpiece, and the other end of the workpiece is tightened by a top; one end of the adjustable bracket is connected to the base plate, and the other end is equipped with a grinding assembly, which can grind the outer wall of the workpiece, and the position and grinding angle of the grinding assembly are adjustable; a polishing method thereof is also disclosed. The present invention can be placed on a machine tool for a long time, and the steering direction can be adjusted when not in use, and the machining of other parts is not interfered with. When in use, the machine can be turned back, which reduces the clamping time, and the sanding belt has floating properties, so the clamping accuracy can be reduced, and the debugging time can be reduced; the sanding belt, nylon belt, etc. required can be replaced according to the different requirements of the finish of the parts to meet the quality requirements, and the size of the contact surface between the sanding belt and the parts can be adjusted, which reduces the machining time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aviation cylindrical workpiece polishing, in particular to an outer wall polishing mechanism and method based on aviation cylindrical workpieces. Background Art

[0002] In the field of aviation machining, for parts with larger cylindrical structures and higher requirements for the smoothness of the outer surface of the cylinder (generally smoothness below Ra0.5), it is difficult to meet the requirements through grinding, benchwork and polishing at this stage. Manual operation is time-consuming, labor-intensive and increases the probability of failure. Since the wall thickness of larger cylindrical workpieces is relatively small, expansion sleeves are mostly used for clamping the workpieces, but the pull rod of the existing expansion sleeve runs through the entire machine tool faceplate, which wastes materials, and some machine tools are not hollow in the middle, so the use of tooling is limited. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an outer wall polishing mechanism and method based on an aviation cylindrical workpiece.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece includes a base plate, an expansion sleeve fixture, an adjustable bracket and a grinding assembly. The base plate is installed on the workbench of a machine tool; one end of the expansion sleeve fixture is clamped and fixed on the clamping mechanism, and the other end is expansion-connected with one end of the workpiece, and the other end of the workpiece is tightened by a top; one end of the adjustable bracket is connected to the base plate, and the other end is equipped with a grinding assembly, which can grind the outer wall of the workpiece, and the position and grinding angle of the grinding assembly are adjustable.

[0006] Furthermore, the adjustable bracket includes a base, a first adjustment bracket, a second adjustment bracket and a fixed bracket, the base is fixed on a substrate, the upper part of one end of the first adjustment bracket is hinged to the top of the base through a rotating shaft, and the lower part is fixed to the middle part of the base by a positioning piece, the upper part of the other end of the first adjustment bracket is hinged to one end of the second adjustment bracket, and cantilevers are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower part, the cantilever is an arc-shaped arm, and an arc-shaped groove is provided on the side of the cantilever away from the first adjustment bracket, and a fixed bracket is also fixed to the side of the second adjustment bracket close to the first adjustment bracket, and a locking bolt is fixed to the middle part of the second adjustment bracket, and the locking bolt can slide along the arc groove in an unlocked state and be locked and fixed at a certain position; the grinding assembly is installed between the other end of the second adjustment bracket and the lower end of the fixed bracket.

[0007] Furthermore, the grinding assembly includes a driver, a driving wheel, a driven wheel and a sanding belt. The driver is fixed on a second adjustment bracket, the driving wheel is installed on the output end of the driver, the driven wheel is rotatably installed on the lower end of the fixed frame, the sanding belt is connected between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and a handle is provided on the top of the driver.

[0008] Furthermore, a slot is provided at the lower end of the fixing frame, the opening direction of the slot is away from the driving wheel, and the shaft of the driven wheel is clamped in the slot.

[0009] Furthermore, the expansion sleeve tooling includes a main body, a spline expansion sleeve, a threaded sleeve and a wrench. A pull rod is coaxially fixed to the front end of the main body, and the spline expansion sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the pull rod. The outer wall of the pull rod has an outer conical surface, and the inner wall of the spline expansion sleeve is provided with an inner conical surface matching the outer conical surface. A threaded sleeve is also threadedly connected to the outer wall of the front end of the main body, and the threaded sleeve is coaxial with the spline expansion sleeve. The threaded sleeve can drive the spline expansion sleeve forward or backward along the axis of the pull rod. The wrench is clamped on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve, and the rear end of the main body is provided with a clamping position connected to the machine tool chuck, and the clamping position is clamped and fixed by a clamping mechanism.

[0010] Furthermore, a retaining ring extending radially outward is provided on the rear end outer wall of the spline expansion sleeve, and a retaining platform extending radially inward is provided on the front end inner wall of the threaded sleeve, and the rear surface of the retaining platform is crimped onto the front surface of the retaining ring.

[0011] Furthermore, a plurality of levers are threadedly connected to the side wall of the threaded sleeve, and the levers extend radially inwardly along the threaded sleeve to the rear end of the spline expansion sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, the pull rod and the main body are an integrally formed structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the taper of the outer conical surface is 2-5°, the main body and the pull rod are hollow structures, and a weight-reducing hole is provided on the side wall of the main body.

[0014] The polishing method using the outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Clamp the workpiece: install the expansion sleeve tooling on the clamping mechanism, expand one end of the workpiece with the expansion sleeve tooling, and tighten the other end with a top;

[0016] S2. Adjust the grinding position: adjust the angle between the first adjustment bracket and the second adjustment bracket according to the diameter of the workpiece to adjust the position and grinding angle of the grinding assembly;

[0017] S3, grinding: the machine tool spindle rotates, driving the workpiece to rotate, and the grinding component grinds the outer surface of the workpiece at the same time;

[0018] S4. Disassembly: After the surface of the workpiece meets the processing requirements, flip the first adjustment bracket to the side of the substrate away from the workpiece, lift the entire polishing mechanism, release the expansion sleeve tooling, and at the same time, the center retreats to remove the workpiece.

[0019] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] 1. This tooling is placed on the machine tool for a long time. When it is not needed, the direction can be adjusted according to the diagram without interfering with the processing of other parts. It can be turned back when in use to reduce the clamping time. The abrasive belt is floating, so the clamping accuracy can be reduced and the debugging time can be reduced.

[0021] 2. According to the different requirements of parts finish, the required sanding belts, nylon belts, etc. can be replaced to meet the quality requirements. The size of the contact surface between the sanding belt and the parts can be adjusted to reduce processing time.

[0022] 3. Within the range of part dimensions, the universality of this tooling reaches 95%, reducing tooling costs.

[0023] 4. By changing the base plate, it can be applied to various machine tools with X-axis movement and clamping position rotation. Common applicable machine tools include lathes, internal cylindrical grinders, external cylindrical grinders, machining centers with turntables, etc.

[0024] 5. The expansion sleeve tooling only needs to use a tool handle wrench (standard part) to rotate the threaded sleeve to achieve the expansion effect. It is easy to operate and is not limited by the machine tool.

[0025] 6. The expansion part of the expansion tool is separated from the main body, which saves costs when changing or replacing.

[0026] 7. When loosening the parts, use the wrench to rotate the threaded sleeve and push out the spline expansion sleeve through the lever. The operation is convenient and quick, which improves the clamping efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a side structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention for grinding a workpiece with a medium diameter;

[0031] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the structure of grinding a workpiece with a large diameter according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of grinding a workpiece with a small diameter according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the expansion tool of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a side view of the expansion tool of the present invention;

[0035] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the middle line AA;

[0036] Fig.10 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the middle edge BB;

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 1- Clamping mechanism,

[0039] 2-Substrate,

[0040] 3-expansion sleeve tooling, 3a-main body, 3a1-clamping position, 3b-spline expansion sleeve, 3b1-locking ring, 3c-pull rod, 3d-threaded sleeve, 3d1-locking table, 3e-wrench, 3f-shift lever,

[0041] 4-Top,

[0042] 5-adjustable bracket, 5a-base, 5b-first adjustment bracket, 5c-cantilever, 5c1-arc groove, 5d-second adjustment bracket, 5d1-locking bolt, 5e-fixed bracket, 5e1-slot, 5f-rotating shaft, 5g-positioning piece,

[0043] 6-grinding assembly, 6a-driver, 6b-driving wheel, 6c-driven wheel, 6d-sanding belt, 6e-handle,

[0044] 7-Workpiece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

[0046] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, as shown, the outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece includes a base plate 2, an expansion sleeve fixture 3, an adjustable bracket 5 and a grinding assembly 6, and the base plate 2 is installed on the workbench of a machine tool; one end of the expansion sleeve fixture 3 is clamped and fixed on the clamping mechanism 1, and the clamping mechanism 1 can be a three-jaw chuck, and the other end is expansion-connected with one end of the workpiece 7, and the other end of the workpiece 7 is tightened by the top 7; one end of the adjustable bracket 5 is connected to the base plate 2, and the other end is equipped with a grinding assembly 6, and the grinding assembly 6 can grind the outer wall of the workpiece 7, and the position and grinding angle of the grinding assembly 6 are adjustable.

[0047] Further, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the adjustable bracket 5 includes a base 5a, a first adjustment bracket 5b, a second adjustment bracket 5d and a fixing bracket 5e. The base 5a is fixed on the substrate 2. The upper part of one end of the first adjustment bracket 5b is hinged to the top of the base 5a through a rotating shaft 5f, and the lower part is fixed to the middle of the base 5a by a positioning member 5g. The positioning member 5g can be a bolt. When the bolt is removed, the first adjustment bracket 5b can be rotated upward around the rotating shaft 5f, so that the rear side of the entire polishing mechanism substrate 2 is turned over. At this time, it is in an unused state. The upper part of the other end of the first adjustment bracket 5b is hinged to one end of the second adjustment bracket 5d, and cantilevers 5c are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower part. The cantilever 5c is an arc-shaped arm, and the cantilever 5c is away from one side of the first adjustment bracket 5b. An arc groove 5c1 is provided, and a fixing frame 5e is fixed to the side of the second adjusting bracket 5d close to the first adjusting bracket 5b. A locking bolt 5d1 is fixed to the middle of the second adjusting bracket 5d. The locking bolt 5d1 can slide along the arc groove 5c1 in an unlocked state and be locked and fixed at a certain position. When adjusting the angle between the first adjusting bracket 5b and the second adjusting bracket 5d, the locking bolt 5d1 is loosened to allow the locking bolt 5d1 to slide in the arc groove 5c1. After sliding to a suitable position, the locking bolt 5d1 is locked to achieve angle fixing between the first adjusting bracket 5b and the second adjusting bracket 5d. The grinding assembly 6 is installed between the other end of the second adjusting bracket 5d and the lower end of the fixing frame 5e.

[0048] Further, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the polishing assembly 6 includes a driver 6a, a driving wheel 6b, a driven wheel 6c and a sanding belt 6d, wherein the driver 6a is fixed on the second adjustment bracket 5d, the driving wheel 6d is mounted on the output end of the driver 6a, the driven wheel 6c is rotatably mounted on the lower end of the fixed frame 5e, the sanding belt 6d is connected between the driving wheel 6b and the driven wheel 6c, and a handle 6f is provided on the top of the driver 6a to facilitate lifting the entire polishing mechanism. In this embodiment, the driver 6a is a pneumatic driver, and its air inlet is provided on the handle 6f. The driver 6a drives the driving wheel 6b to rotate, thereby driving the sanding belt 6d to polish the workpiece 7.

[0049] Further, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a slot 5e1 is formed at the lower end of the fixing frame 5e, the opening direction of the slot 5e1 is away from the driving wheel 6b, and the shaft of the driven wheel 6c is clamped in the slot 5e1. When the sanding belt 6d needs to be replaced, the fixing frame 5e and the second adjustment bracket 5d rotate relative to each other, so that the sanding belt 6d is loosened, and the driven wheel 6c is taken out of the slot 5e1, and the sanding belt 6d can be replaced.

[0050] Further, such as Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the expansion sleeve tooling 3 includes a main body 3a, a spline expansion sleeve 3b, a threaded sleeve 3d and a wrench 3e. A pull rod 3c is coaxially fixed to the front end of the main body 3a. The spline expansion sleeve 3b is sleeved on the outside of the pull rod 3c. The outer wall of the pull rod 3c has an outer conical surface. The inner wall of the spline expansion sleeve 3b is provided with an inner conical surface matching the outer conical surface. A threaded sleeve 3d is also threadedly connected to the outer wall of the front end of the main body 3a. The threaded sleeve 3d is coaxial with the spline expansion sleeve 3b. The threaded sleeve 3d can drive the spline expansion sleeve 3b to move forward or backward along the axis of the pull rod 3c. The wrench 3e is clamped on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 3d. The rear end of the main body 3a is provided with a clamping position 3a1 connected to the machine tool chuck. The clamping position 3a1 is clamped and fixed by the clamping mechanism 1. When in use, the threaded sleeve 3d is rotated with a wrench 3e, so that the threaded sleeve 3d and the main body 3a are displaced in the axial direction. The threaded sleeve 3d drives the spline expansion sleeve 3b to be displaced on the axis of the main body 3a, so that the matching surface between the spline expansion sleeve 3b and the pull rod 3c changes, thereby adjusting the expansion degree of the spline expansion sleeve 3b.

[0051] Further, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the rear end outer wall of the spline expansion sleeve 3b is provided with a retaining ring 3b1 extending radially outward, and the front end inner wall of the threaded sleeve 3d is provided with a retaining platform 3d1 extending radially inward, and the rear surface of the retaining platform 3d1 is pressed against the front surface of the retaining ring 3b1. Figure 8 and Fig.10As shown, a plurality of levers 3f are screwed on the side wall of the threaded sleeve 3d, and the levers 3f extend radially inwardly from the threaded sleeve 3d to the rear end of the spline expansion sleeve 3b. The levers 3f and the threaded sleeve 3d are screwed, so that the levers 3f are adjustable in the radial direction of the threaded sleeve 3d, which is convenient for disassembling and assembling the spline expansion sleeve 3b. At the same time, when the levers 3f are located at the rear end of the spline expansion sleeve 3b, the levers 3f and the positioning platform 3d1 limit the positioning ring 3b1, so that the spline expansion sleeve 3b and the threaded sleeve 3d move forward or backward together.

[0052] Further, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the pull rod 3c and the main body 3a are an integrally formed structure, which makes it more rigid and is conducive to high-precision polishing.

[0053] Furthermore, the taper of the outer cone is 2-5°, the main body 3a and the pull rod 3c are hollow structures, and a weight-reducing hole is provided on the side wall of the main body 3a. Under the premise of ensuring rigidity, the weight of the entire tooling is reduced, making it easier to install the tooling.

[0054] The polishing method using the outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece comprises the following steps:

[0055] S1. Clamping the workpiece 7: Install the expansion tool 3 on the clamping mechanism 1, expand one end of the workpiece 7 with the expansion tool 3, and tighten the other end with the center 4;

[0056] S2, adjust the grinding position: according to the diameter of the workpiece 7, adjust the angle between the first adjustment bracket 5b and the second adjustment bracket 5d to achieve the position adjustment and grinding angle adjustment of the grinding assembly 6, such as Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the larger the angle between the first adjustment bracket 5b and the second adjustment bracket 5d is, the larger the diameter of the workpiece 7 that can be ground is;

[0057] S3, grinding: the machine tool spindle rotates, driving the workpiece 7 to rotate, and the grinding component 6 grinds the outer surface of the workpiece 7;

[0058] S4, disassembly: after the surface of the workpiece 7 meets the processing requirements, the first adjustment bracket 5b is flipped to the side of the substrate 2 away from the workpiece 7, the entire polishing mechanism is lifted, the expansion sleeve tooling 3 is released, and the center 4 retreats at the same time, and the workpiece 7 can be removed.

[0059] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece is characterized by: The invention comprises a base plate (2), an expansion tool (3), an adjustable bracket (5) and a grinding assembly (6), wherein the base plate (2) is mounted on a machine tool workbench; one end of the expansion tool (3) is clamped and fixed on a clamping mechanism (1), and the other end is expansion-connected to one end of a workpiece (7), and the other end of the workpiece (7) is pressed against by a top (4); one end of the adjustable bracket (5) is connected to the base plate (2), and the other end is mounted with a grinding assembly (6), and the grinding assembly (6) is capable of grinding the outer wall of the workpiece (7), and the position and grinding angle of the grinding assembly (6) are adjustable; The adjustable bracket (5) comprises a base (5a), a first adjustment bracket (5b), a second adjustment bracket (5d) and a fixed bracket (5e), ​​wherein the base (5a) is fixed on the substrate (2), the upper part of one end of the first adjustment bracket (5b) is hinged to the top of the base (5a) via a rotating shaft (5f), and the lower part is fixed to the middle part of the base (5a) via a positioning member (5g), the upper part of the other end of the first adjustment bracket (5b) is hinged to one end of the second adjustment bracket (5d), and cantilevers (5c) are respectively arranged on both sides of the lower part, and the cantilevers (5c) are An arc-shaped arm, wherein an arc-shaped groove (5c1) is formed on a side of the cantilever (5c) away from the first adjustment bracket (5b), a fixing bracket (5e) is fixed on a side of the second adjustment bracket (5d) close to the first adjustment bracket (5b), a locking bolt (5d1) is fixed in the middle of the second adjustment bracket (5d), and the locking bolt (5d1) can slide along the arc-shaped groove (5c1) in an unlocked state and be locked and fixed at a certain position; the grinding assembly (6) is installed between the other end of the second adjustment bracket (5d) and the lower end of the fixing bracket (5e); The expansion sleeve tool (3) comprises a main body (3a), a spline expansion sleeve (3b), a threaded sleeve (3d) and a wrench (3e); a pull rod (3c) is coaxially fixed to the front end of the main body (3a); the spline expansion sleeve (3b) is sleeved on the outside of the pull rod (3c); the outer wall of the pull rod (3c) has an outer conical surface; the inner wall of the spline expansion sleeve (3b) is provided with an inner conical surface matching the outer conical surface; the outer wall of the front end of the main body (3a) is also provided with a A threaded sleeve (3d) is threadedly connected, the threaded sleeve (3d) is coaxial with the spline expansion sleeve (3b), the threaded sleeve (3d) can drive the spline expansion sleeve (3b) to move forward or backward along the axis of the pull rod (3c), the wrench (3e) is clamped on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve (3d), and the rear end of the main body (3a) is provided with a clamping position (3a1) connected to the machine tool chuck, and the clamping position (3a1) is clamped and fixed by the clamping mechanism (1).

2. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The grinding assembly (6) comprises a driver (6a), a driving wheel (6b), a driven wheel (6c) and a sanding belt (6d); the driver (6a) is fixed on a second adjustment bracket (5d); the driving wheel (6b) is mounted on an output end of the driver (6a); the driven wheel (6c) is rotatably mounted on a lower end of a fixed frame (5e); the sanding belt (6d) is connected between the driving wheel (6b) and the driven wheel (6c); and a handle (6f) is provided on the top of the driver (6a).

3. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A slot (5e1) is provided at the lower end of the fixing frame (5e), ​​the opening direction of the slot (5e1) is away from the driving wheel (6b), and the shaft of the driven wheel (6c) is mounted in the slot (5e1).

4. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A retaining ring (3b1) extending radially outward is provided on the rear end outer wall of the spline expansion sleeve (3b), and a retaining platform (3d1) extending radially inward is provided on the front end inner wall of the threaded sleeve (3d), and the rear surface of the retaining platform (3d1) is pressed onto the front surface of the retaining ring (3b1).

5. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of levers (3f) are threadedly connected to the side wall of the threaded sleeve (3d), and the levers (3f) extend radially inwardly of the threaded sleeve (3d) to the rear end of the spline expansion sleeve (3b).

6. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pull rod (3c) and the main body (3a) are an integrally formed structure.

7. The outer wall polishing mechanism based on the aviation cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The taper of the outer conical surface is 2 to 5 degrees, the main body (3a) and the pull rod (3c) are hollow structures, and a weight-reducing hole is provided on the side wall of the main body (3a).

8. A polishing method using the outer wall polishing mechanism for an aviation cylindrical workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, clamping the workpiece (7): installing the expansion tool (3) on the clamping mechanism (1), expanding one end of the workpiece (7) with the expansion tool (3), and tightening the other end with the center (4); S2, adjusting the grinding position: adjusting the angle between the first adjustment bracket (5b) and the second adjustment bracket (5d) according to the diameter of the workpiece (7), so as to adjust the position of the grinding assembly (6) and the grinding angle; S3, grinding: the machine tool spindle rotates, driving the workpiece (7) to rotate, and at the same time the grinding component (6) grinds the outer surface of the workpiece (7); S4, disassembly: After the surface of the workpiece (7) meets the processing requirements, the first adjustment bracket (5b) is flipped toward the side of the substrate (2) away from the workpiece (7), the entire polishing mechanism is lifted, the expansion sleeve tooling (3) is released, and the center (4) is retreated, and the workpiece (7) can be removed.

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