A horizontal 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, comprising a three-polarized radiator and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network connected to each other, wherein the three-polarized radiator is used as the radiator of the antenna to realize the scanning switching of the beam; the three-way phase-shifted feeding network is used to excite the feeding port of the three-polarized radiator, and the feeding phase of the three ports is controlled at the same time. It proposes a new phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure, which only uses phase control to realize the continuous scanning of the beam in the horizontal plane and the arbitrary angle pointing of the beam, while also taking into account the advantages of miniaturization and low cost, meeting the application requirements of intelligent wireless communication systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna. Background Art

[0002] Intelligent wireless communication systems represented by 5G, while providing high-speed, low-latency and large-capacity wireless communication services, are also facing increasingly complex wireless channel environments and harsh communication scenarios, which puts forward higher performance requirements for antennas. Traditional fixed-beam or fixed-mode antennas, because they only transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals in a single unchanging mode, are difficult to effectively establish stable communication links in dynamically variable scenarios and severe multipath effect environments. Beam-steerable antennas can dynamically control the radiation pattern by adjusting the phase or switching switch elements, so that the antenna beam can perform multi-beam scanning and dynamic alignment. Using beam-steerable antennas as base station transceivers can effectively improve multipath effects and obstruction problems, while also adaptively selecting beam pointing and accurately controlling radiation coverage. As a classic type of beam-steerable antenna, the horizontal plane 360-degree beam reconfigurable antenna can achieve multi-beam reconfiguration and beam scanning coverage on the horizontal plane, so it is particularly suitable for full airspace coverage communications in space-constrained scenarios, such as indoor environments, large venues, and airport scenarios.

[0003] At present, horizontal 360-degree beam reconfigurable antennas are roughly divided into four categories: omnidirectional source reconfigurable antennas loaded with switches, multi-port multi-beam antennas, liquid metal omnidirectional reconfigurable antennas, and amplitude and phase controlled multi-mode antennas. The omnidirectional source reconfigurable antenna loaded with switches performs directionally reflecting the monopole's directional pattern by loading a parasitic structure with a switch around the middle omnidirectional radiation monopole antenna. This solution requires the use of a large number of RF switch elements and their DC control circuits, so it has the disadvantages of complex structure, large loss (loss caused by the switch) and large beam switching step (low beam accuracy); multi-port multi-beam antennas use multiple ports to excite different radiation parts, thereby combining the radiation areas of different ports to achieve horizontal full-domain coverage. Due to the use of multiple feeding ports, problems such as poor beam switching flexibility and low beam scanning resolution arise; liquid metal omnidirectional reconfigurable antennas selectively reflect the beam metal by constructing a liquid metal reflector similar to the Yagi structure around the omnidirectional antenna, thereby achieving beam scanning switching. In order to control the liquid metal, this solution requires a precise electromechanical servo system, which has the problems of high cost, slow response speed and difficulty in integration; the amplitude-phase controlled multi-mode antenna controls the amplitude and phase of each mode of the multi-mode antenna to enable its radiation beam to continuously scan along the horizontal plane. Although this solution can achieve high-precision continuous beam scanning, it has problems such as complex amplitude-phase control system and large structural size. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the horizontal plane, which solves the above-mentioned problem well. It proposes a new phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure, which only uses phase control to achieve continuous scanning of the beam in the horizontal plane and arbitrary angle pointing of the beam, while also taking into account the advantages of miniaturization and low cost, meeting the application requirements of intelligent wireless communication systems.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, comprising a three-polarized radiator and a three-way phase-shift feeding network connected to each other, wherein the three-polarized radiator is used as the radiator of the antenna to realize the scanning switching of the beam; the three-way phase-shift feeding network is used to excite the feeding port of the three-polarized radiator and control the feeding phase of the three ports at the same time.

[0006] Furthermore, the three-polarization radiator includes a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, an electromagnetic metamaterial structure, a dielectric resonator, a center feeding probe, a center feeding microstrip line, an I-type feeding gap, a microstrip 90° bridge structure and a feeding transmission line. The dielectric resonator is fixed on the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate by nylon screws, the electromagnetic metamaterial structure is loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator, the center feeding probe is arranged through the center position of the dielectric resonator, one end of the center feeding probe is connected to the electromagnetic metamaterial structure, the other end of the center feeding probe is connected to one end of the center feeding microstrip line, the other end of the center feeding microstrip line is a feeding port A, the two same-side output ends of the microstrip 90° bridge structure are coupled and connected to the orthogonal I-type feeding gap, one end of the feeding transmission line is connected to the microstrip 90° bridge structure, and the other end of the feeding transmission line has two output ends, namely a feeding port B and a feeding port C.

[0007] Furthermore, the center feeding microstrip line is printed on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, the I-type feeding slot is located below the dielectric resonator and etched on the upper surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate, and the feeding transmission line is arranged on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate.

[0008] Furthermore, the electromagnetic metamaterial structure is a periodic metal patch, and there are four nylon screws evenly distributed around the dielectric resonator.

[0009] Furthermore, the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate is a double-sided dielectric board with a thin layer of copper cladding, a low-loss and low-dielectric constant dielectric board, and the I-type feeding slots are two pairs of orthogonally placed I-type slots.

[0010] Furthermore, the three-way phase-shift feeding network includes a one-to-three equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider and three microstrip reflection phase shifters, the single port on one side of the equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider is an input port, and the three output ports on the other side of the equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider are respectively connected to one end of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters, and the other ends of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters are loading port A, loading port B, and loading port C, respectively.

[0011] Furthermore, the equal power splitting ratio Wilkinson power divider and the microstrip reflection phase shifter are both printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes an isolation resistor and a variable capacitor, wherein the isolation resistor is welded on both sides of the quarter-wavelength transformation line of the equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider, and the variable capacitor is welded on the loading port of the microstrip reflection phase shifter.

[0013] Furthermore, the microstrip reflection phase shifter is a reflection topology phase shifter, the double-sided dielectric substrate is a low-loss and low-dielectric constant substrate, the isolation resistor is an ordinary package resistor, and the variable capacitor is a varactor or a variable capacitor chip.

[0014] Further, the loading port A is connected to the feeding port A, the loading port B is connected to the feeding port B, and the loading port C is connected to the feeding port C.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna of the present invention adopts electromagnetic metamaterial loading technology, and introduces additional parallel right-hand capacitors and series left-hand capacitors, so that the antenna can obtain good radiation performance while reducing its size; the present invention adopts a dielectric resonator, and uses a central feeding probe and an I-type feeding slot to simultaneously introduce odd-mode and even-mode feeding, excites a three-polarization radiation mode of the dielectric resonator, and integrates it in the dielectric resonator to achieve efficient radiation aperture; in the present invention, by exciting the odd and even modes of the dielectric resonator, the equivalent electric dipole and magnetic dipole modes of the Huygens source are constructed, and the shaping and directional control of the directional pattern are efficiently achieved, which has the advantage of high efficiency; in the present invention, based on the principle of linear polarization decomposition, a phase-adjustable dual circularly polarized radiation form is constructed to achieve In the dielectric resonator, a linear polarization component that can be reconfigured at any polarization angle is realized, which has the characteristic of simple control; the present invention introduces a linear polarization component that can be reconfigured at any polarization angle into the Huygens antenna, and proposes a new phase-controlled Huygens radiation source, which realizes directional radiation of the beam and 360-degree continuous scanning of the horizontal plane by adjusting the phase, and improves the traditional step-by-step low-precision switching to continuous high-precision scanning; in the present invention, only a three-way phase-shift feeding network is used to feed the three-polarization radiator to realize continuous beam scanning, which has the advantages of low cost and simplified structure, and is suitable for large-scale practical applications; in the present invention, the phase-controlled Huygens radiation source principle proposed can also be extended to patch antennas, dipole antennas and substrate integrated waveguide antennas to realize similar 360-degree continuous high-precision scanning of the beam, and has the advantage of flexible design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of the triple-polarized radiator in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 1 is a plan view of a three-polarized radiator in the present invention, (a) is a top view with a dielectric resonator, and (b) is a top view without the dielectric resonator;

[0018] Figure 3 is an impedance bandwidth diagram of the triple-polarized radiator in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 The radiation performance diagrams corresponding to different ports of the three polarizations in the present invention, wherein (a) is a vertical polarization mode, (b) is a right-hand polarization mode, and (c) is a left-hand polarization mode;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of a three-way phase-shift feeding network in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 6 It is the impedance bandwidth diagram of the three-way phase-shifted feeding network in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7It is a phase shift performance diagram of the three-way phase shift feeding network in the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in the present invention;

[0024] Fig. 9 The electric field distribution diagrams corresponding to the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in different scanning states of the present invention, wherein (a) the beam points to Phi = 225°, (b) the beam points to Phi = 180°, (c) the beam points to Phi = 135°, (d) the beam points to Phi = 90°, (e) the beam points to Phi = 45°, (f) the beam points to Phi = 0°, (g) the beam points to Phi = 315°, and (h) the beam points to Phi = 270°;

[0025] Fig.10 These are the radiation patterns corresponding to the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna in different scanning states in the present invention, wherein (a) the beam points to Phi=225°, (b) the beam points to Phi=180°, (c) the beam points to Phi=135°, (d) the beam points to Phi=90°, (e) the beam points to Phi=45°, (f) the beam points to Phi=0°, (g) the beam points to Phi=315°, and (h) the beam points to Phi=270°.

[0026] In the figure: 1. Tri-polarized radiator; 2. Electromagnetic metamaterial structure; 3. Dielectric resonator; 4. Center-fed probe; 5. Center-fed microstrip line; 6. I-type feeding gap; 7. Microstrip 90° bridge structure; 8. Feeding transmission line; 9. Double-sided PCB dielectric substrate; 10. Nylon screw; 11. Three-way phase-shifting feeding network; 12. Wilkinson power divider; 13. Microstrip reflection phase shifter; 14. Double-sided dielectric substrate; 15. Isolation resistor; 16. Variable capacitor; 17. Feed port A; 18. Feed port B; 19. Feed port C; 20. Loading port A; 21. Loading port B; 22. Loading port C; 23. Input port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] Furthermore, the terms “first”, “second”, etc. are merely used for distinguishing descriptions and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1-10 As shown, the present invention discloses a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, including a three-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shift feeding network 11 connected to each other, wherein the three-polarized radiator 1 is used as the radiator of the antenna to realize the scanning switching of the beam; the three-way phase-shift feeding network 11 is used to excite the feeding port of the three-polarized radiator 1 and control the feeding phase of the three ports at the same time.

[0034] The detailed structure of the three-polarized radiator 1 is as follows: Figure 1 and 2 As shown, it includes an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2, a dielectric resonator 3, a center-fed probe 4, a center-fed microstrip line 5, an I-type feeding gap 6, a microstrip 90° bridge structure 7, a feeding transmission line 8, a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, and a nylon screw 10.

[0035] The tri-polarized radiator 1 is composed of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, wherein the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is a periodic metal patch loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator 3; the dielectric resonator 3 is a dielectric material with a high dielectric constant, which is penetrated by a nylon screw 10 and fixed on a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9; a center feeding probe 4 is penetrated in the dielectric resonator 3, one end of which is connected to the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2, and the other end is connected to the center feeding microstrip line 5; the center feeding microstrip line 5 is printed on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, one end of which is connected to the center feeding probe 4, and the other end is used as a feeding port A17; an I-type feeding slot 6 is etched on the double-sided PC The upper surface of the B dielectric substrate 9 is arranged below the dielectric resonator 3; the microstrip 90° bridge structure 7 is printed on the back side of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, wherein two same-side output ends are coupled and connected with the orthogonal I-type feeding slots 6; the feeding transmission line 8 is arranged on the back side of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, connected to the microstrip 90° bridge structure 7, and the two output ends serve as the feeding port B18 and the feeding port C19 respectively; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is a double-sided dielectric board with a thin layer of copper cladding, arranged below the dielectric resonator 3, and fastened to the dielectric resonator 3 by nylon screws 10; the nylon screws 10 are metric nylon screws 10, arranged around the three-polarized radiator 1.

[0036] The triple-polarized radiator 1 loaded with the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is as follows Figure 1 and 2 As shown, there is a three-polarized radiator 1 on the antenna, which is composed of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, and is a multi-mode antenna radiator, realizing three-polarized radiation, namely vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization; the electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is composed of periodic metal patches, and the periodic metal patches are loaded to increase the parallel right-handed capacitance, so that the size of the antenna is reduced. At the same time, the introduction of the series left-handed slot capacitance makes the surface electric field distribution more uniform, improves the radiation aperture, and achieves good radiation performance; the dielectric resonator 3 is composed of a high dielectric constant dielectric material and is used as a compact energy radiator; the center feeding probe 4 is composed of a metal probe in the middle of the dielectric resonator 3, which excites the even-mode electric field distribution in the vertical direction, and is used to excite the TM of the dielectric resonator 3. 01δ mode, i.e., the equivalent Huygens source-electric dipole mode; the center feeding microstrip line 5 is a feeding connection line, used to connect the feeding signal to the center feeding probe 4; the I-type feeding slot 6 is two pairs of orthogonally placed I-type slots, used to introduce an odd-mode excitation source in the horizontal direction to excite the TE of the two orthogonal dielectric resonators 3 111mode, i.e., an orthogonal dual polarization mode; the microstrip 90° bridge structure 7 is a 90° microstrip bridge structure, used to excite two pairs of orthogonal I-type feeding slots 6, and realizes dual circular polarization radiation components by using the positive and negative 90° phase difference of the bridge; the feeding transmission line 8 is used to feed and excite the microstrip 90° bridge, and by adjusting the phase difference between the feeding port B18 and the feeding port C19 of the feeding transmission line 8, the left-hand circular polarization component and the right-hand circular polarization component are vector-synthesized to realize a linear polarization wave whose polarization angle varies with the feeding phase difference. At the same time, the new polarization reconfigurable linear polarization wave can be equivalent to a small loop antenna, i.e., a new Huygens source-magnetic dipole mode; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is a low-loss and low-dielectric constant dielectric board, used as the reference floor of the antenna, and also as a carrier of the microstrip feeding network; the nylon screw 10 is an ordinary nylon insulating screw, used to fix the antenna. By combining the equivalent electric dipole component and magnetic dipole component of the Huygens source, the radiation pattern of the antenna can be shaped to form an end-fire pattern with a specific direction. Furthermore, the fixed polarization magnetic dipole is replaced by a polarization-reconfigurable linear polarization component, and by changing the feeding phase, the radiation beam can be continuously scanned 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and the beam can be dynamically switched and covered.

[0037] like Figure 5 The three-way phase shift feeding network 11 is shown, which is a three-way phase shift continuously adjustable feeding network. Specifically, the network includes a one-to-three equal power splitting ratio Wilkinson power divider 12, a microstrip reflection phase shifter 13, a double-sided dielectric substrate 14, an isolation resistor 15 and a variable capacitor 16.

[0038] The three-way phase-shift feeding network 11 is composed of a one-to-three equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider 121 and a microstrip reflection phase shifter 132, wherein the one-to-three equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider 121 is printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate 143, a single port on one side is used as an input port 23, and three output ports on the other side are respectively connected to three microstrip reflection phase shifters 13; the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 is printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate 14, one end of which is connected to the equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider 12 The other end is used as an output port, and the three output ports of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters 13 are loading port A20, loading port, and loading port C22 respectively; the double-sided dielectric substrate 14, as a carrier of the phase shift network, is arranged under the Wilkinson power divider 12 and the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13; the isolation resistor 15 is welded on both sides of the quarter-wavelength conversion line of the Wilkinson power divider 12; the variable capacitor 16 is welded on the loading port of the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13.

[0039] Three-way phase-shifted continuously adjustable feeding network Figure 5As shown, it is composed of a one-to-three equal power splitting ratio Wilkinson power splitter 12 and a microstrip reflection phase shifter 13. The one-to-three equal power splitting ratio Wilkinson power splitter 12 is composed of three one-to-two power splitters cascaded, and is used to divide the feed signal into three equal parts; the microstrip reflection phase shifter 13 is a reflection topology phase shifter, which is used to provide 360-degree full-quadrant phase shift and independently adjust the phase shift of the three output branches; the double-sided dielectric substrate 14 is a low-loss and low-dielectric constant substrate, which is used as a printed carrier of the feed network; the isolation resistor 15 is an ordinary package resistor, which is used to absorb reflected waves and improve the isolation between the ports of the feed network; the variable capacitor 16 is a varactor or a variable capacitor 16 chip, which is used to electrically adjust the capacitance value of the serial connection to control the phase response of the phase shifter. The three-way phase shift continuously adjustable network is used to excite the three-polarization radiator 1 to achieve continuous scanning of the horizontal plane beam.

[0040] like Figure 8 The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna is shown, which specifically includes a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11. The loading port A20 is connected to the feeding port A17, the loading port B21 is connected to the feeding port B18, and the loading port C22 is connected to the feeding port C19.

[0041] The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna is composed of a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11. The tri-polarized radiator 1 is used as the radiator of the antenna to realize the scanning switching of the beam; the three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11 is used to excite the feeding port of the tri-polarized radiator 1 and control the feeding phase of the three ports at the same time. Through the phase control of the three feeding ports, the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna not only realizes arbitrary linear polarization reconfiguration, but also realizes high-precision beam scanning in the entire horizontal plane and arbitrary directional beam switching alignment.

[0042] Principle of the present invention:

[0043] Based on the Huygens radiation principle, arbitrary linear polarization synthesis technology and continuously adjustable phase shift network design, the present invention proposes a novel phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure and provides an embodiment of a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna.

[0044] like Figure 1 and 2As shown, based on the Huygens radiation principle and arbitrary linear polarization synthesis technology, a new type of dielectric resonator 3 structure loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials is proposed, and used as a tri-polarized radiator 1 to realize continuous scanning of horizontal plane beams. The phase-controlled Huygens radiation structure consists of a tri-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11, integrating a vertical polarization mode, a left-hand circular polarization mode and a right-hand circular polarization mode. The tri-polarized radiator 1, consisting of an electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 and a dielectric resonator 3, is installed on a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9, that is, the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is used as a reference floor for the antenna, and is used as a radiator of the antenna. The electromagnetic metamaterial structure 2 is a periodic metal patch structure at the top, which is used to introduce parallel capacitive loading to achieve size reduction of the dielectric resonator 3 on the one hand, and introduce a series gap capacitor structure to achieve a more uniform surface electric field distribution (i.e., improve the radiation aperture); the dielectric resonator 3 is used as a radiation carrier of three polarization modes; the center-fed probe 4 and the center-fed microstrip line 5 feed port A17 are used to TM the dielectric resonator 3. 01δ Mode excitation, i.e., a symmetrical feeding signal is introduced into the middle of the dielectric resonator 3 through the central feeding probe 4, thereby exciting an even-mode electric field distribution similar to a monopole in the dielectric resonator 3, realizing the construction of a vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation mode, and serving as an equivalent electric dipole mode (current source) in the Huygens radiation source; the I-type feeding slot 6 is used to excite the TE of the dielectric resonator 3 111 mode, realizing horizontally polarized side-ray radiation, two groups of I-type feeding slots 6 arranged symmetrically orthogonally on the floor are used to excite the orthogonal dual-polarization components; the microstrip 90° bridge structure 7 on the back of the floor is used to simultaneously feed and excite the two groups of orthogonal I-type feeding slots 6 to realize dual circular polarization mode radiation. When the feeding port B18 is excited, an advanced 90° phase difference is introduced for the two orthogonal dual-polarization components to realize right-hand circular polarization radiation. When the feeding port C19 is excited, a lagging 90° phase difference is introduced for the two dual-polarization components, and then it switches to left-hand circular polarization radiation. By arranging three different feeding ports orthogonally in pairs, three different polarization modes are excited respectively (vertical polarization, left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization), integrated on the dielectric resonator 3 loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials, and then forming a three-polarization radiator 1. A linearly polarized radiation wave can be vector-decomposed into two equal-amplitude left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand circularly polarized waves. Based on the principle of linear polarization decomposition, by controlling the phase of the left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization components, a linear polarization wave at any angle can be vector-synthesized. Furthermore, by adjusting the feeding phase difference between the feeding port B18 (left-hand circular polarization) and the feeding port C19 (right-hand circular polarization), a linear polarization mode with controllable polarization angle is synthesized. Since the linear polarization mode is composed of two orthogonal TE 111The mode is synthesized, and a circular electric field distribution is excited inside the dielectric resonator 3, radiating a side-firing pattern similar to that of a small loop antenna. Therefore, the linear polarization mode with controllable polarization angle is equivalent to the magnetic dipole mode (magnetic current source) of the Huygens source. By combining the vertically polarized omnidirectionally radiated electric dipole mode and the side-firing magnetic dipole mode, the electric field on one side of the tri-polarized radiator 1 is offset due to the opposite phases (180°) of the current source and the magnetic current source, and the opposite side is superimposed and enhanced due to the same phase (0°) of the current source and the magnetic current source, thereby forming an unbalanced directional field distribution and realizing an end-firing pattern. Since the polarization direction of the equivalent magnetic dipole mode can be adjusted arbitrarily, the tri-polarized radiator 1 can realize an unbalanced field distribution at any angle, that is, the main lobe pointing of the end-firing pattern can be adjusted arbitrarily. By controlling the feeding phases of the three feeding ports of the tri-polarized radiator 1, the radiator can realize 360-degree continuous high-precision beam scanning and beam switching coverage on the horizontal plane. The feeding transmission line 8 is used to stimulate the I-type coupling feeding slot to realize the signal feeding into the three-polarized radiator 1; the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9 is used as the reference floor of the antenna and the printing carrier of the feeding microstrip line; the nylon screw 10 is used to fix the electromagnetic metamaterial, the dielectric resonator 3 and the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate 9. Figure 3 In order to load the impedance bandwidth performance corresponding to the three-polarized radiator 1 of the electromagnetic metamaterial, the -10dB impedance bandwidth of the antenna is 3.50-3.70GHz, covering the sub-6GHz mainstream frequency band and meeting the working frequency band requirements of 4G / 5G communications and intelligent wireless communication systems. Figure 4 The radiation patterns corresponding to the three ports of the three-polarized radiator 1 loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials. Feed port A17 corresponds to the omnidirectional radiation pattern of vertical polarization, and feed port B18 and feed port C19 correspond to the side-firing patterns under left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, respectively. By controlling the feeding phase of the three ports, the antenna can achieve 360-degree continuous beam scanning and arbitrary angle beam pointing in the horizontal plane.

[0045] Figure 5The structural diagram of the three-way phase shift continuously adjustable feeding network is shown. Based on the principle of Wilkinson power divider 12 and reflective phase shifter, a three-way equal power division ratio phase shift continuously adjustable network is proposed. The three-way phase shift continuously adjustable network consists of a one-to-three equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider 12 and three microstrip reflective phase shifters 13. The one-to-three equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider 12 is formed by cascading three one-to-two power dividers to achieve high isolation three-way signal power division; the microstrip reflective phase shifter 13 is used to adjust the phase on each branch to achieve three-way phase adjustable output; the double-sided dielectric substrate 14 is used as the carrier and reference floor of the phase shift network; the isolation resistor 15 is used as the isolation resistor 15 of the power divider to improve the isolation between the output branches of the power divider; the variable capacitor 16 is used as the response phase of the electrically adjustable reflective phase shifter. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The impedance bandwidth and phase response diagrams of the three-way equal power split ratio phase-shifted feeding network are shown respectively. The impedance bandwidth of each port of the phase-shifted network with reflection coefficient lower than -15dB is 3.15-4.0GHz, and the impedance bandwidth of the port transmission coefficient better than -8.0dB is 3.0-4.0GHz, which fully covers the mainstream sub 6GHz frequency bands such as 5G-N78 / LTE-B42 / B43. In addition, the phase of each branch in the band can be adjusted continuously from 0 to 360 degrees. Therefore, the three-way phase-adjustable feeding network can be used for 360-degree continuous beam scanning of the three-polarized antenna.

[0046] By Figure 1 The three-polarized radiator 1 and Figure 5 The ports of the three-way phase-shifted continuously adjustable feeding network are connected in sequence, and the feeding and phase control are performed to realize the phase-controlled Huygens radiation source, that is, the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, such as Figure 8 The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna is composed of a three-polarized radiator 1 and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11. The three-polarized radiator 1 is Figure 1 and Figure 2 The three-polarized radiation structure loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials is used as a radiation carrier of the antenna to radiate a reconfigurable beam synthesized by multi-mode synthesis; a three-way phase-shifted feeding network 11 is Figure 5 The three-way phase-continuously adjustable feeding network is used to excite the three ports of the tri-polarized radiator and adjust its feeding phase. Fig. 9 and Fig.10 The electric field distribution and directional pattern of the horizontal beam continuous scanning antenna in different radiation modes are respectively obtained. By changing the feeding phase, the unbalanced electric field distribution and end-fire directional pattern pointing to different directions are synthesized. Then, the feeding phase of the three ports is continuously adjusted, and the antenna realizes 360-degree continuous high-precision beam scanning and switching coverage. It should be noted that Figure 8 and Fig. 9In order to clearly demonstrate the beam scanning performance, only the electric field distribution diagram and radiation pattern corresponding to the switching step of 45 degrees are given. In fact, the scanning accuracy of the beam of the proposed embodiment depends on the step of the phase shifter. Since the embodiment adopts an analog phase shifter, the proposed embodiment can achieve continuous beam scanning with infinitely small steps, that is, high precision.

[0047] In order to solve the limitation that the existing horizontal plane 360-degree beam reconfigurable antenna is difficult to achieve high-precision beam continuous scanning, the present invention proposes a new phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure, and provides an embodiment of the horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna based on the phase-controlled Huygens radiation source. High-precision continuous scanning of the horizontal beam and beam pointing at any angle are achieved, solving the limitation that the traditional beam reconfigurable antenna is difficult to achieve beam continuous scanning, and the problem of large beam switching step (low beam scanning resolution); the antenna of the invention is miniaturized, solving the problems of large size and high profile of the traditional beam reconfigurable antenna; the antenna of the invention only uses a three-way phase shifter network to achieve continuous scanning of the beam, solving the shortcomings of complex control structure and difficulty in integration of the traditional solution; the antenna of the invention has a simplified radiation structure and control structure, which effectively compresses the cost (i.e., low cost), and solves the limitation that the traditional solution is difficult to apply on a large scale due to complex structure and high cost. In addition, the proposed phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure and its embodiment can also adjust and expand the antenna form according to the requirements of different wireless communication scenarios, i.e., high design freedom.

[0048] In the present invention, based on the Huygens radiation principle, arbitrary linear polarization synthesis technology and continuous adjustable phase shift network design, a dielectric resonator 3 loaded with electromagnetic metamaterials is used as a three-polarization radiator 1, and a new phase-controlled Huygens radiation source structure is proposed. It is used in a horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, and has the advantages of compact size, low cost, high-precision beam scanning coverage (high beam scanning resolution) and flexible design, and can be suitable for intelligent wireless communication applications.

[0049] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field may make various corresponding changes and deformations based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and deformations should all fall within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna, characterized in that: It comprises a three-polarized radiator (1) and a three-way phase-shifted feeding network (11) which are connected to each other. The three-polarized radiator (1) is used as a radiator of an antenna to achieve beam scanning switching. The three-way phase-shifted feeding network (11) is used to excite the feeding port of the three-polarized radiator (1) and simultaneously control the feeding phases of the three ports. The tri-polarized radiator (1) comprises a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9), an electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2), a dielectric resonator (3), a center feeding probe (4), a center feeding microstrip line (5), an I-type feeding slot (6), a microstrip 90° bridge structure (7) and a feeding transmission line (8); the dielectric resonator (3) is fixed on the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9) by means of nylon screws (10); the electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2) is loaded on the upper surface of the dielectric resonator (3); the center feeding probe (4) is arranged through the center of the dielectric resonator (3); and the center feeding probe (4) is arranged through the center of the dielectric resonator (3). ) is connected to the electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2), the other end of the center feeding probe (4) is connected to one end of the center feeding microstrip line (5), the other end of the center feeding microstrip line (5) is a feeding port A (17), the two same-side output ends of the microstrip 90° bridge structure (7) are coupled and connected to the orthogonal I-type feeding slot (6), the other two ends of the microstrip 90° bridge structure (7) are a feeding port B (18) and a feeding port C (19), one end of the feeding transmission line (8) is connected to the microstrip 90° bridge structure (7), and the other end is coupled and connected to the orthogonal I-type feeding slot (6); The I-type feeding slots (6) are two pairs of orthogonally placed I-type slots.

2. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central feeding microstrip line (5) is printed on the back of a double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9), the I-type feeding slot (6) is located below the dielectric resonator (3) and is etched on the upper surface of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9), and the feeding transmission line (8) is arranged on the back of the double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9).

3. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnetic metamaterial structure (2) is a periodic metal patch, and there are four nylon screws (10) which are evenly distributed around the dielectric resonator (3).

4. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The double-sided PCB dielectric substrate (9) is a double-sided dielectric board with a thin layer of copper cladding, and is a low-loss and low-dielectric-constant dielectric board.

5. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way phase-shift feeding network (11) comprises a one-to-three equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) and three microstrip reflection phase shifters (13); the single port on one side of the equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) is an input port (23); the three output ports on the other side of the equal power ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) are respectively connected to one end of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters (13); and the other ends of the three microstrip reflection phase shifters (13) are respectively loading port A (20), loading port B (21), and loading port C (22).

6. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12) and the microstrip reflection phase shifter (13) are both printed on a double-sided dielectric substrate (14).

7. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes an isolation resistor (15) and a variable capacitor (16), wherein the isolation resistor (15) is welded on both sides of a quarter-wavelength conversion line of an equal power division ratio Wilkinson power divider (12), and the variable capacitor (16) is welded on a loading port of a microstrip reflection phase shifter (13).

8. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The microstrip reflection phase shifter (13) is a reflection topology phase shifter, the double-sided dielectric substrate (14) is a low-loss low dielectric constant substrate, the isolation resistor (15) is an ordinary package resistor, and the variable capacitor (16) is a varactor or a variable capacitor (16) chip.

9. The horizontal plane 360-degree beam continuous scanning antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: The loading port A (20) is connected to the feeding port A (17), the loading port B (21) is connected to the feeding port B (18), and the loading port C (22) is connected to the feeding port C (19).

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