A nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection

Abstract

The present invention discloses a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release. The input end of the reactor is connected to the Brayton cycle subsystem, and the output end of the reactor is connected to the turbine of the Brayton cycle subsystem via the ejection subsystem. The turbine is connected to the main compressor via a drive-generator motor. When the system starts and stops, the drive-generator motor operates as an electric motor, consuming electricity to drive the main compressor to start; when there is net power output, the drive-generator motor operates as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the motor shaft into electrical energy output. The present invention can reduce the frequent adjustment of the reactor when the user's power demand fluctuates, ensure that the main compressor, recompression compressor, and turbine operate in a high-efficiency range, and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the nuclear power system under variable operating conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of nuclear power generation, and in particular relates to a nuclear power system based on energy storage and induced energy release. Background Art

[0002] Nuclear energy is a clean and efficient energy source. Its efficient utilization is crucial for optimizing the energy mix, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable economic and energy development. The Brayton cycle, with its compact structure and high efficiency, can achieve both compactness and efficiency in nuclear energy utilization.

[0003] In traditional nuclear power systems, the system's generated power must match user demand. In large power grids, power fluctuations can be absorbed by the power grid. In local power grids, due to the slow reactor control speed and power response speed, measures such as turbine flow control valves or turbine flow bypass valves can be used to match the system's generated power with user demand.

[0004] In traditional nuclear power regulation systems, using flow control valves to adjust turbine flow reduces system flow, altering the working fluid state in the reactor and compromising safe and stable reactor operation. Using flow bypass valves also cools the high-temperature airflow without performing any work, resulting in wasted energy and reduced circulation system efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art and provide a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release, apply the energy storage system to the nuclear power system, and realize energy release through the ejector at the same time; it is used to solve the technical problems of large changes in the working fluid state at the reactor outlet and energy waste in the circulation system during power regulation in the nuclear power power regulation system, and effectively reduce the frequency of power regulation during reactor operation.

[0006] The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release includes a reactor, the input end of the reactor is connected to a Brayton cycle subsystem, the output end of the reactor is connected to the turbine of the Brayton cycle subsystem via the ejection subsystem, and the turbine is connected to a main compressor via a drive-generator integrated motor. When the system is started and stopped, the drive-generator integrated motor operates as an electric motor, consuming electrical energy to drive the main compressor to start; when there is net power output, the drive-generator integrated motor operates as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the motor main shaft into electrical energy output.

[0008] Specifically, the ejector subsystem includes an ejector. The reactor is divided into two paths through the energy storage diverter valve. One path is connected to the working fluid end of the ejector, and the other path is connected to the ejection fluid end of the ejector through the high-pressure storage tank. The outlet compressed fluid end of the ejector is connected to the inlet end of the turbine.

[0009] Furthermore, an energy storage valve is provided on the pipeline between the energy storage diverter valve and the high-pressure storage tank, and an energy release valve is provided on the pipeline between the high-pressure storage tank and the ejector.

[0010] Specifically, the outlet end of the main compressor is connected to the input end of the reactor via the cold side of the low-temperature regenerator and the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator in sequence.

[0011] Specifically, the outlet end of the turbine passes through the hot side of the high-temperature regenerator and the hot side of the low-temperature cooler in turn, and then is divided into two paths through the recompression diverter valve. One path is connected to the main compressor, and the other path is connected to the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator and the cold side of the low-temperature cooler through the recompression compressor.

[0012] Furthermore, a precooler and a low-pressure storage tank are sequentially arranged between the recompression diverter valve and the main compressor.

[0013] Furthermore, a mixing valve is provided on the pipeline between the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator and the cold side of the low-temperature cooler, and one end of the mixing valve is connected to the outlet end of the recompression compressor.

[0014] Furthermore, the recompression compressor is connected to a recompressor motor.

[0015] Specifically, the working fluid of the Brayton cycle subsystem is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or air.

[0016] Specifically, the main compressor and the turbine are coaxially arranged.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] A nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release. When the system starts and stops, the integrated motor operates as an electric motor, consuming electrical energy to drive the main compressor to start; when there is net power output, the integrated motor operates as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the motor shaft into electrical energy output, thereby adjusting the system output power when the reactor power and the power load are unbalanced, reducing the frequency of reactor power adjustment, and ensuring reactor safety.

[0019] Furthermore, the reactor is divided into two paths through the energy storage diverter valve, one path is connected to the working fluid end of the ejector, and the other path is connected to the ejection fluid end of the ejector through the high-pressure storage tank. The outlet compressed fluid end of the ejector is connected to the inlet end of the turbine, realizing the storage and release of reactor energy and adjusting the power of the electrical load according to demand.

[0020] Furthermore, the energy storage valve and the energy release valve are used to switch between the energy storage and energy release working conditions of the system.

[0021] Furthermore, the outlet end of the main compressor is connected to the input end of the reactor via the cold side of the low-temperature regenerator and the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator in sequence, which can effectively utilize the waste heat of the turbine exhaust and improve the thermal efficiency of the system.

[0022] Furthermore, the outlet of the turbine passes through the hot side of the high-temperature regenerator and the hot side of the low-temperature cooler in sequence and then is divided into two paths by a recompression diverter valve, thereby avoiding the problem of heat exchanger performance degradation caused by the "pinch point" problem of the heat exchanger.

[0023] Furthermore, the recompression diverter valve can realize the flow distribution of the recompressed fluid and the mainstream fluid, and the precooler can reduce the temperature of the mainstream fluid and improve the efficiency of the main compressor.

[0024] Furthermore, a mixing valve is provided between the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator and the cold side of the low-temperature cooler to achieve mixing of the mainstream fluid at the outlet of the main compressor and the recompressed fluid at the outlet of the recompressor, thereby increasing the reactor inlet flow rate.

[0025] Furthermore, the motor connected to the recompression compressor can provide a power source for starting, stopping and power regulation of the recompression compressor.

[0026] Furthermore, the working fluid of the Brayton cycle subsystem is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium, or air, which is pollution-free to the environment and harmless to the human body.

[0027] Furthermore, the coaxial arrangement of the main compressor and turbine can reduce the system footprint and improve the system compactness.

[0028] In summary, the present invention can reduce the frequent adjustment of the reactor when the power demanded by the user fluctuates, ensure that the main compressor, recompression compressor and turbine operate in a high-efficiency range, and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the nuclear power system under variable operating conditions.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0031] Among them: 1. Main compressor; 2. Turbine; 3. Recompression compressor; 4. Low-temperature regenerator; 5. High-temperature regenerator; 6. Reactor; 7. Energy storage diverter valve; 8. Ejector; 9. High-pressure storage tank; 10. Drive-generator motor; 11. Motor main shaft; 12. Precooler; 13. Low-pressure storage tank; 14. Recompression diverter valve; 15. Mixing valve; 16. Energy storage valve; 17. Energy release valve; 18. Recompression compressor motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "one side", "one end", "one side" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” indicate the presence of described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof.

[0036] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present specification are only for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used in the present specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0037] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present description and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0038] The accompanying drawings illustrate various schematic diagrams of structures according to embodiments disclosed herein. These figures are not drawn to scale; for clarity, some details are exaggerated and some details may be omitted. The shapes of the various regions and layers shown in the figures, as well as their relative sizes and positional relationships, are merely exemplary and may deviate in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations. Those skilled in the art may design regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, and relative positions as needed.

[0039] The present invention provides a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release, which adopts a Brayton cycle subsystem and an ejection subsystem. It can reduce the frequent adjustment of the reactor when the power demanded by the user fluctuates, ensure that the main compressor, recompression compressor and turbine operate in a high efficiency range, and improve the energy utilization efficiency of the nuclear power system under variable operating conditions.

[0040] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release, including a Brayton cycle subsystem and an ejector subsystem. The Brayton cycle subsystem includes: a main compressor 1, a turbine 2, a recompression compressor 3, a low-temperature regenerator 4, a high-temperature regenerator 5, a reactor 6, a precooler 12, a low-pressure storage tank 13 and valves and instruments; the ejector subsystem includes an ejector 8, a high-pressure storage tank 9 and valves and instruments; the ejector subsystem can provide the Brayton subsystem with a working fluid flow that meets the load requirements and meets the system power generation requirements.

[0041] The outlet end of the main compressor 1 is connected to the inlet end of the reactor 6 in sequence through the cold side of the low-temperature regenerator 4, the mixing valve 15 and the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator 5. The outlet end of the reactor 6 is divided into two paths through the energy storage diverter valve 7, one path is connected to the working fluid end of the ejector 8, and the other path is connected to the ejection fluid end of the ejector 8 through the energy storage valve 16, the high-pressure storage tank 9 and the energy release valve 17; the outlet compressed fluid end of the ejector 8 passes through the turbine 2, the hot side of the high-temperature cooler 5 and the hot side of the low-temperature cooler 4 in sequence, and then is divided into two paths through the recompression diverter valve 14, one path is connected to the mixing valve 15 through the recompression compressor 3, and the other path is connected to the inlet end of the main compressor 1 in sequence through the precooler 12 and the low-pressure storage tank 13; the nuclear power system operates as an electric motor when the system is started and stopped, consuming electrical energy to drive the main compressor 1 to start; when there is net power output, it operates as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the motor shaft 11 into electrical energy output.

[0042] The recompression compressor 3 is connected to a recompression compressor motor 18, which drives the recompression compressor to operate and meet the power requirements of the recompression compressor during startup and operation.

[0043] The working fluid of the Brayton cycle subsystem is carbon dioxide, nitrogen or air.

[0044] The main compressor 1 and the turbine 2 are coaxially arranged. The main compressor 1, the integrated drive-generator motor 10 and the turbine 2 are connected through the motor main shaft 11. The electric power output by the turbine 2 generates electrical energy through the integrated drive-generator motor 10.

[0045] The working process of a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release of the present invention is as follows:

[0046] The exhaust gas of turbine 2 is cooled by the high-temperature cooler and the low-temperature cooler and then divided into two fluids through the recompression diverter valve 14. One fluid is cooled by the precooler 12 and stored in the low-pressure storage tank 13, and the other fluid is compressed by the recompression compressor 3 and then flows into the intermediate pipeline between the low-temperature regenerator 4 and the high-temperature regenerator 5 through the mixing valve 15.

[0047] The working fluid stored in the low-pressure storage tank 13 is pressurized by the main compressor 1, absorbs heat on the cold side of the low-temperature regenerator 4, and then merges with the exhaust gas of the recompression compressor 3. Thereafter, it absorbs heat on the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator 5 and is passed into the reactor 6. After absorbing heat in the reactor 6, the working fluid operates according to the energy storage condition or the energy release condition according to the user's power demand.

[0048] When the user load decreases, the nuclear power system of the present invention operates in an energy storage condition. Under this condition, the energy storage valve 16 is open and the energy release valve 17 is closed. The working fluid at the outlet of the reactor 6 is divided into two streams: one stream of working fluid enters the high-pressure storage tank 9 through the energy storage valve 16 to store the high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid; the other stream of working fluid enters the turbine 2 after passing through the ejector 8 to expand and perform work. Since the flow rate of the working fluid entering the turbine 2 is reduced, the output power of the turbine 2 is reduced; after performing work, the exhaust gas of the turbine 2 releases heat in the high-temperature regenerator 5 and the low-temperature regenerator 4 in turn to complete the cycle.

[0049] Under the energy storage condition, the power of reactor 6 remains unchanged when the user power is less than the current output power of the system, the inlet and outlet parameters of the main compressor 1 remain unchanged, the recompression compressor 3 operates near the design condition, and the turbine 2 operates in the low flow and high efficiency condition range.

[0050] When the user load increases, the nuclear power system of the present invention operates in the energy release mode, in which the energy storage valve 16 is closed and the energy release valve 17 is opened. The working fluid at the outlet of the reactor 6 enters the ejector 8 as the motive fluid, ejecting the high-temperature working fluid in the high-pressure storage tank 9 into the turbine 2 for expansion and work. Due to the ejection effect of the ejector 8, the flow rate of the working fluid at the inlet of the turbine 2 increases, resulting in an increase in the output power of the turbine 2. After the work is completed, the exhaust gas of the turbine 2 releases heat in the high-temperature regenerator 5 and the low-temperature regenerator 4 in turn, completing the cycle.

[0051] Under the energy release condition, the power of reactor 6 remains unchanged when the user power is greater than the current output power of the system, the inlet and outlet parameters of the main compressor 1 remain unchanged, the recompression compressor 3 operates near the design conditions, and the turbine 2 operates in the high flow and high efficiency operating range.

[0052] In summary, the present invention is a nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection energy release, which realizes the stable operation of the reactor when the load fluctuates; during operation, energy can be stored and released according to the user's power demand. When the user's power demand fluctuates, the reactor can be maintained at the design operating condition or the current operating condition without frequent adjustment; it realizes the efficient operation of the coaxial integrated compressor and turbine under variable operating conditions. Since the efficient operating range of the turbine under variable operating conditions is larger than that of the compressor, the compressor can be operated in the high-efficiency area near the design point during variable operating conditions, and the turbine can be operated near the operating point with higher efficiency, ensuring the high comprehensive efficiency of the coaxial integrated compressor and turbine; reducing the energy waste caused by bypass flow in the nuclear power system during power regulation. During operation, energy is stored and released according to the user's power demand, and there is no energy waste caused by bypass flow.

[0053] The above content is only for explaining the technical idea of ​​the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any changes made on the basis of the technical solution in accordance with the technical idea proposed by the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection release, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reactor (6), wherein the input end of the reactor (6) is connected to the Brayton cycle subsystem, the output end of the reactor (6) is connected to the turbine (2) of the Brayton cycle subsystem via the ejector subsystem, the turbine (2) is connected to the main compressor (1) via the drive-generator integrated motor (10), and the outlet end of the turbine (2) is divided into two paths through the hot side of the high-temperature regenerator (5) and the hot side of the low-temperature cooler (4) and then through the recompression diverter valve (14), one path is connected to the main compressor (1), and the other path is connected to the high-temperature regenerator ( A mixing valve (15) is provided on the pipeline between the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator (5) and the cold side of the low-temperature cooler (4), and the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator (5) and the cold side of the low-temperature cooler (4). One end of the mixing valve (15) is connected to the outlet end of the recompression compressor (3). When the system is started and stopped, the drive-generator motor (10) operates as an electric motor, consuming electric energy to drive the main compressor (1) to start; when there is a net power output, the drive-generator motor (10) operates as a generator, converting the kinetic energy of the motor main shaft (11) into electric energy output; The ejector subsystem includes an ejector (8), and the reactor (6) is divided into two paths through an energy storage diverter valve (7), one path is connected to the working fluid end of the ejector (8), and the other path is connected to the ejection fluid end of the ejector (8) through a high-pressure storage tank (9). The outlet compressed fluid end of the ejector (8) is connected to the inlet end of the turbine (2), and an energy storage valve (16) is provided on the pipeline between the energy storage diverter valve (7) and the high-pressure storage tank (9), and an energy release valve (17) is provided on the pipeline between the high-pressure storage tank (9) and the ejector (8).

2. The nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the main compressor (1) is connected to the input end of the reactor (6) via the cold side of the low-temperature regenerator (4) and the cold side of the high-temperature regenerator (5) in sequence.

3. The nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection according to claim 1, characterized in that: A precooler (12) and a low-pressure storage tank (13) are sequentially arranged between the recompression diverter valve (14) and the main compressor (1).

4. The nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recompression compressor (3) is connected to a recompressor motor (18).

5. The nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working fluid of the Brayton cycle subsystem is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium or air.

6. The nuclear power system based on energy storage and ejection release according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main compressor (1) and turbine (2) are arranged coaxially.

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