Enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-load and unload solid-state hydrogen storage and release device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device with enhanced heat exchange and easy loading and unloading, which has the following features: a method of enhancing heat exchange by adopting a fluid jacket layer outside the container shell and an external and internal heat exchange jacket core of a central axis return pipe, and rapidly introducing or removing heat from the entire surface of the hydrogen storage filler through heat conduction of a heat transfer metal tray; processing a plurality of longitudinal ventilation holes on the heat transfer metal tray and the hydrogen storage filler to reduce airflow resistance, greatly increase the specific surface area of ​​the hydrogen storage filler, and improve the hydrogen storage rate; punching increases the expansion space capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy medium, thereby reducing the external expansion rate of the hydrogen storage medium block, reducing internal stress, and preventing it from extruding and agglomerating and failing; due to the clamping and support of the heat transfer metal trays between the layers, and the slowing of temperature rise and fall and temperature gradient, the hydrogen storage filler is not easy to break into powder, and its service life is greatly extended; the layered and discrete combination of the filler and the tray simplifies the operation of loading or pulling out the filler, and it becomes quite easy to replace the hydrogen storage filler partially or completely.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a heat-exchange enhanced and easily assembled and disassembled solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device, belonging to the technical field of clean energy utilization and hydrogen solid-state storage. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen energy is a green, environmentally friendly, high-energy-density, clean and efficient energy source with promising application prospects. Due to significant safety issues with high-pressure hydrogen storage, solid-state alloy hydrogen storage and desorption technologies offer significant advantages and are rapidly developing. Research in this area primarily focuses on the preparation of efficient hydrogen storage materials and the optimization of hydrogen storage alloy medium morphology and device structure. Examples include published Chinese patents 201910800746.3, 201910357763.4, and 202010392377.1.

[0003] Hydrogen storage alloys release heat when storing hydrogen, causing the metal lattice to expand in volume. They absorb heat and shrink in volume during dehydrogenation. The expansion and contraction rate can reach 20% to 27%, causing the hydride particles to agglomerate and solidify into large particles, significantly reducing the hydrogen storage / desorption rate and leading to premature failure.

[0004] Adding heat-conducting porous expanded graphite to the hydrogen storage alloy can alleviate the above problems, but it also causes the hydrogen storage medium to be easily pulverized. The hydrogen storage alloy medium and the device structure are also particularly important for the temperature influence and stability of the hydrogen storage medium. In this regard, patent CN201910357763.4 discloses a method for modifying AB5-type hydrogen storage alloys by composite coating with silica-graphene, which protects the surface of the hydrogen storage alloy and improves durability, but has problems such as fragility, difficulty in heat exchange and high cost. Patent CN201911128976.6 discloses a metal hydride hydrogen storage container that is easy to disassemble and effectively exchange heat, constructs a slide to make the hydrogen storage alloy core barrel easy to extract and replace, and forms axial and adds radial water channels to cool the hydrogen storage alloy, and patent CN202110880926.4 discloses a multi-platform press-type hydrogen storage device and its manufacturing method, which places multiple hydrogen storage tanks of different pressures in a heat exchange box, but the cooling strength of these two devices is still insufficient for hydrogen storage containers with larger diameters. Except for the second one, none of the above methods can improve the problem that hydrogen storage fillers are difficult to replace and load. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention provides a heat-exchange-enhanced, easily removable, solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device. This device utilizes both an outer shell and an inner core to enhance heat exchange. The method involves forming a hydrogen storage alloy into a structure consisting of multiple, separate, thick, annular blocks. A heat-conducting metal tray is inserted between and outside each pair of hydrogen storage packing blocks to transfer heat to and from the packing, thereby meeting the varying temperature and heat requirements for rapid hydrogen release and storage. Heat exchange between the device and the outside world is achieved by simultaneously encasing a fluid jacket layer within the outer shell of the pressure vessel and installing a centrally located return pipe heat exchanger core within the vessel. The heat-conducting metal tray surrounds and contacts the outer and inner circumferential surfaces, as well as the upper and lower end faces, of the thick, annular blocks of hydrogen storage alloy packing, comprehensively transferring heat to (during hydrogen release) or away from (during hydrogen storage) the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing blocks.

[0006] In addition, multiple longitudinal ventilation holes are processed on the heat transfer metal tray and the ring-shaped hydrogen storage filler body, which not only reduces the hydrogen flow resistance, but also greatly increases the specific surface area of ​​the hydrogen storage filler and improves the hydrogen storage / release rate.

[0007] Heat transfer metal trays (N+1) are placed between and outside the N layers of solid hydrogen storage alloy packing blocks. Each layer of hydrogen storage alloy blocks is clamped and supported, meaning the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing and heat transfer metal trays are stacked and installed in an alternating arrangement. During unloading, a long, threaded rod is used to pull out the heat transfer metal trays one by one, simultaneously lifting out each layer of solid hydrogen storage alloy packing.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0009] 1. The dual heat exchange method of wrapping the container shell with a fluid jacket layer and the central axis return pipe heat exchange core is adopted. Heat conduction through the heat transfer metal tray quickly imports heat (when releasing hydrogen) or exports heat (when storing hydrogen) from the entire surface area of ​​the hydrogen storage filler. This greatly reduces the temperature gradient of the hydrogen storage alloy medium and prolongs the life of the hydrogen storage filler.

[0010] 2. The multiple longitudinal ventilation holes processed on the heat transfer metal tray and the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler reduce the airflow resistance while greatly increasing the specific surface area of ​​the hydrogen storage filler in contact with hydrogen, thereby improving the hydrogen storage / desorption rate.

[0011] 3. Punching holes on the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler increases the expansion space capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy medium, which can reduce the external expansion rate of the hydrogen storage alloy medium block during hydrogen storage, reduce internal stress, and prevent it from agglomerating, thereby avoiding affecting its hydrogen storage / desorption rate and extending the life of the hydrogen storage medium.

[0012] 4. Due to the clamping and supporting of the heat transfer metal trays between the layers, and the slowdown of temperature rise and fall and temperature gradient, the hydrogen storage alloy medium filler is not easy to break into powder, thus extending its service life.

[0013] 5. Moreover, due to the layered discrete combination installation of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler and the heat transfer metal tray, the operation of loading or pulling out the filler becomes simple, and partial or complete replacement of the hydrogen storage filler becomes quite easy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a front view of an implementation structure of the heat exchange enhanced and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention.

[0015] 2( a ) and 2 ( b ) are respectively a cross-sectional view and a top view of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler in the heat exchange enhanced and easily mounted and dismounted solid hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention.

[0016] 3( a ) and 3 ( b ) are respectively a cross-sectional view and a top view of the heat transfer metal tray in the heat exchange enhanced and easily detachable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure, 1 is a central outlet of heat exchange liquid, 2 is a lateral inlet of heat exchange liquid, 3 is a rear head or a lower head, 4 is a heat exchange fluid inlet or a heat exchange fluid outlet a, 5 is an external heat exchange jacket, 6 is a pressure shell, 7 is a heat transfer metal tray, 8 is a solid hydrogen storage alloy filler, 9 is a front flange or an upper flange of the shell, 10 is a front head flange or an upper head flange, 11 is a front flange connecting bolt group or an upper flange connecting bolt group, 12 is a front head or an upper head, 13 is a hydrogen inlet or a hydrogen outlet a, 14 is a heat exchange fluid inlet or a heat exchange fluid outlet b, 15 is a heat exchange shaft sleeve, 16 is a liquid return core pipe, 17 is a rear flange or a lower flange of the shell, 18 is a rear head flange or a lower head flange, 19 is a rear flange connecting bolt group or a lower flange connecting bolt group, 20 is a hydrogen inlet or a hydrogen outlet b, 21 is a center claw, 22 is a center through hole, 23 is a ventilation and mass transfer hole, 24 is a pipe hole, 25 is a vent hole, 26 is an annular groove, 27 is a threaded hole, and 28 is a shaft sleeve segment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but is not limited to these embodiments.

[0019] A typical embodiment of the heat exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention is described as follows:

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, an enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-load and unload solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device (for vertical installation, which can be adjusted to horizontal installation in actual use) is characterized in that the hydrogen pressure is borne by a pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 wrapped in a heat exchange jacket, and is combined with a front head or upper head 12 and a rear head or lower head 3 to encapsulate various internal components. The internal components include: N pieces of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers 8, N+1 pieces of heat transfer metal trays 7, and a central axis return pipe heat exchange shell core composed of a heat exchange central axis sleeve 15, a return liquid core tube 16, and a supporting claw 21; wherein, the N pieces of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers 8 and the N+1 pieces of heat transfer metal trays 7 are sleeved on the central axis return pipe heat exchange shell core, and are stacked and loaded in the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 in sequence, and the bottom and bottom layers are both heat transfer metal trays 7, and the heat transfer metal tray 7 has one extra piece to be able to compress the last piece of solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8.

[0021] The structure of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 is shown in FIG. 2( a ) and FIG. 2( b ); the structure of the heat transfer metal tray 7 is shown in FIG. 3( a ) and FIG. 3( b ).

[0022] N pieces of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers 8 are made into a uniform thick circular block structure, and a central through hole 22 is set on the thick circular ring block to pass through the heat exchange shaft sleeve 15, and a plurality of longitudinal ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 are also provided, and the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 are evenly distributed along the circumference; N+1 pieces of heat transfer metal trays 7, the central part of which is thickened and protruded into a shaft sleeve section 28, and a through hole 24 is set in the center to pass through the heat exchange shaft sleeve 15, and in the annular disk area, there are also a plurality of longitudinal ventilation holes 25, which are consistent with the number and position of the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8, so that the air flow can pass through the entire hydrogen storage medium. In order to prevent the ventilation from being blocked by the misalignment between the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 and the ventilation holes 25, several concentric shallow annular grooves 26 are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the annular disk area of ​​the heat transfer metal tray 7 to connect adjacent ventilation holes 25 located on the same circumference, so that the air flow can be conducted between the misaligned holes.

[0023] An outer heat exchange jacket 5 is wrapped around the outer layer of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, and a heat exchange fluid inlet or heat exchange fluid outlet a4 and a heat exchange fluid inlet or heat exchange fluid outlet b14 are respectively provided at 180° directions at the lower and upper parts thereof, one serving as the heat exchange fluid inlet and the other as the heat exchange fluid outlet. When releasing hydrogen, the inlet and outlet must be swapped according to the requirements of gravity natural convection as the hot fluid gradually cools down; a hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet a13 is provided on the front head or upper head 12, and a hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet b20 is provided on the rear head or lower head 3, one serving as the hydrogen inlet and the other as the hydrogen outlet; the hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet a13 and the hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet b20 can be used interchangeably, or only one port can be used and the other can be reserved.

[0024] The heat exchange center axis sleeve 15 is sleeved on the outside of the return liquid core tube 16, and the two are supported by the supporting claws 21, and the formed center axis return tube heat exchange sleeve core is located at the center axis of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6; the heat exchange center axis sleeve 15 is connected with the top of the return liquid core tube 16 and is located in the space formed by the front head or the upper head 12. The top of the heat exchange center axis sleeve 15 is sealed and is not connected with the space of the front head or the upper head 12; a through hole is provided in the center of the rear head or the lower head 3, and the bottom of the heat exchange center axis sleeve 15 and the return liquid core tube 16 pass through the through hole and are fixed in the rear head or the lower head 3; the lower part of the heat exchange center axis sleeve 15 located outside the rear head or the lower head 3 is provided with a heat exchange liquid side inlet 2, and the bottom of the return liquid core tube 16 is provided with a heat exchange liquid center outlet 1; such a reflux structure avoids the high-pressure sealing problem of leading the heat exchange tube from the upper head.

[0025] Between the rear head or lower head 3 and the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, with the help of the centering structure processed on the shell rear flange or shell lower flange 17 and the rear head flange or lower head flange 18, the heat exchange center shaft sleeve 15 can be centered in the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, so that the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 and the heat transfer metal tray 7 with the middle opening can be smoothly inserted.

[0026] In the heat exchange-enhanced and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device of the present invention, the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 processed on the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of multiple concentric circles with increasing diameters. The number of concentric circles is 1 to 10, and the number of ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 uniformly distributed on the circumference of each concentric circle is 2 to 50. The larger the diameter of the concentric circle, the more ventilation holes are arranged.

[0027] The present invention provides an enhanced heat exchange, easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device. The heat transfer metal tray 7 has a thickened, raised center portion forming a sleeve segment 28. The segment height is equal to the thickness of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8, and the height range is 8 to 1000 mm. A through-hole 24 is provided in the center of the heat transfer metal tray 7. Its diameter is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the heat exchange shaft sleeve 15, and the size range is 5 to 200 mm. The outer diameter of the heat transfer metal tray 7 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, and the size range is 20 to 2000 mm.

[0028] In the heat exchange-enhanced and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device of the present invention, the outer diameter of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, and the size range is 20 to 2000 mm. The inner diameter of the central through hole 22 of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the raised shaft sleeve section 28 in the middle of the heat transfer metal tray 7, and the size range is 10 to 220 mm. The thickness of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8 is equal to the height of the central raised shaft sleeve section 28 of the heat transfer metal tray 7, and its size range is 8 to 1000 mm. The number N of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers 8 is 1 to 30.

[0029] The present invention provides an enhanced heat exchange, easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device. The heat transfer metal tray 7 has a ring disk region with a thickness ranging from 2 to 50 mm. A plurality of ventilation holes 25 are machined in the ring disk region, each of which corresponds to a plurality of ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 on the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8. The diameter of the ventilation holes 25 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23, and the diameter ranges from 2 to 80 mm. Several concentric shallow annular grooves 26 are machined at each distribution circle of the ventilation holes 25 on the upper and lower surfaces of the ring disk region of the heat transfer metal tray 7. The groove width is slightly larger than the diameter of the ventilation holes 25 circumferentially distributed along the diameter, and the size ranges from 2 to 100 mm. The depth of each concentric shallow annular groove 26 ranges from 0.5 to 20 mm, and the number of grooves is 1 to 10.

[0030] The present invention provides an enhanced heat exchange, easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and discharge device. The heat transfer metal tray 7 has a top annular surface of a centrally raised shaft sleeve section 28 provided with two to six longitudinal threaded holes 27. During assembly or disassembly, a long rod with a threaded head can be screwed into the threaded holes 27 to push or pull out the heat transfer metal tray 7 and the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8, thereby achieving easy assembly and disassembly.

[0031] The present invention strengthens heat exchange and is easy to load and unload solid-state hydrogen storage and release device, wherein the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, the front head or upper head 12, the rear head or lower head 3, are all connected by flanges (the top end of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 is provided with a shell front flange or a shell upper flange 9, the bottom end of the front head or upper head 12 is provided with a front head flange or an upper head flange 10, and the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 is connected to the front head or the upper head 12 by the shell front flange or the shell upper flange 9 and the front head flange or the upper head flange 10 and the front flange connecting bolt group or the upper flange connecting bolt group 11; the bottom end of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 is provided with a shell rear flange or a shell lower flange 17, and the rear The bottom end of the head or lower head 3 is provided with a rear head flange or a lower head flange 18, and the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6 is connected to the rear head or the lower head 3 through the shell rear flange or the shell lower flange 17 and the rear head flange or the lower head flange 18 and the rear flange connecting bolt group or the lower flange connecting bolt group 19, and the heat exchange central axis sleeve 15 of the central axis return pipe heat exchange sleeve core passes through the center of the rear head or the lower head 3 and is fixed and packaged vertically with the plane of the rear head flange or the lower head flange 18; a center alignment structure is provided on the contact surface between the shell rear flange or the shell lower flange 17 and the rear head flange or the lower head flange 18, and an effective alignment structure is a concave and convex flange surface.

[0032] The present invention provides an enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device, in which the heat exchange central axis sleeve 15 and the liquid return core pipe 16 constituting the central axis return pipe heat exchange sleeve core are installed concentrically. One concentric method is to use 1 to 10 supporting claws 21 distributed along the axis to support and position the center. One structure of the supporting claws 21 is 2 to 6 short round rods of equal length, which are radially welded to the outer surface of the liquid return core pipe 16.

[0033] The heat exchange enhanced and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention has a heat exchange central shaft sleeve 15 with a closed upper end and a liquid return core tube 16 with an open upper end. The axial distance between the upper end surfaces of the two tubes is 0.2 to 5 times the outer diameter of the liquid return core tube 16 to achieve reflux and discharge of the heat exchange fluid.

[0034] The enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention has overall axial support and positioning of its internal components by relying on the bottom heat transfer metal tray 7, which is supported on the inwardly extending surface of the rear head or lower head 3 and the inwardly extending surface of the front head or upper head 12, and is tightly limited by the top heat transfer metal tray 7. The overall axial length of the internal components is slightly smaller than the length of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6. Elastic washers can be added to adjust the gap size to ensure effective positioning of the internal components without compressing them too tightly.

[0035] The working process and principle of the heat exchange enhanced and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device of the present invention are as follows:

[0036] During hydrogen storage, pressurized hydrogen enters the device from the hydrogen inlet or outlet a13. The gas flows through the vents 25 on the heat transfer metal tray 7 and enters the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8 via the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 for hydrogen absorption. The remaining hydrogen continues to flow through the vents 25 on the lower heat transfer metal tray 7 and then enters the lower solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8 via the ventilation and mass transfer holes 23 for hydrogen absorption, and this process continues layer by layer. During the hydrogen storage process, the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8 absorbs the heat generated by the hydrogen reaction and transfers it to the outer heat exchange jacket 5 and the heat exchange center shaft sleeve 15 through the inner wall of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell 6, which the packing's outer circumferential surface contacts, and through the upper and lower surfaces of the heat transfer metal tray 7, which the packing's upper, lower, and inner circumferential surfaces contact, and the outer circumferential surface of its sleeve section 28. External cooling liquid (such as room-temperature water) flows into the outer heat exchange jacket 5 and the central heat exchange shaft casing 15 through the heat exchange fluid inlet or outlet a4 on the outer heat exchange jacket 5 and the heat exchange fluid lateral inlet 2, respectively. After absorbing heat, the heat exchange fluid inlet or outlet b14 in the outer heat exchange jacket 5 flows out of the device, while the liquid in the central heat exchange shaft casing 15 flows out of the central heat exchange fluid outlet 1 through the return core pipe 16.

[0037] During hydrogen release, the heat required for solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8 to release hydrogen is provided by two channels: a hot fluid (such as hot water) flowing into the outer heat exchange jacket 5 from the heat exchange fluid inlet or outlet b14, and a hot fluid flowing into the heat exchange center shaft sleeve 15 from the heat exchange fluid side inlet 2. After cooling through heat exchange, the hot fluid in the outer heat exchange jacket 5 flows out from the heat exchange fluid inlet or outlet a4, while the fluid in the heat exchange center shaft sleeve 15 continues to flow out from the heat exchange fluid center outlet 1 via the return core pipe 16. The heat of the heat exchange fluid is simultaneously transferred to the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8 from the outer, inner, upper, and lower surfaces via the inner wall of the pressure-bearing shell 6 and the outer wall of the heat exchange center shaft sleeve 15, and through heat transfer from the heat transfer metal tray 7. This maintains the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage alloy packing 8, enabling rapid hydrogen release. The released hydrogen enters the inner space of the rear head or lower head 3 through the vent holes 25 on each layer of heat transfer metal tray 7 and the vent holes 23 on each layer of solid hydrogen storage alloy filler 8, and then flows out from the heat exchange fluid inlet or heat exchange fluid outlet b20.

[0038] The released hydrogen can also enter the inner space of the front head or the upper head 12 and flow out from the hydrogen inlet or the hydrogen outlet a13 to meet the demand of simplifying the arrangement and installation of the outer shell pipeline.

Claims

1. Enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device, characterized by: The enhanced heat exchange and easy-to-assemble and disassemble solid-state hydrogen storage and release device is mainly composed of a pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6), a front head or an upper head (12), a rear head or a lower head (3), and internal components encapsulated by the three; wherein the internal components are mainly composed of N pieces of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers (8), N+1 pieces of heat transfer metal trays (7), and a central axis return pipe heat exchange sleeve core composed of a heat exchange central axis sleeve (15), a liquid return core tube (16) and a supporting claw (21); the N pieces of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers (8) and the N+1 pieces of heat transfer metal trays (7) are sleeved on the central axis return pipe heat exchange sleeve core, and are alternately stacked and loaded in the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6); the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer are both heat transfer metal trays (7); The N blocks of solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers (8) are all annular block structures, with a central through hole (22) provided in the center for passing the heat exchange shaft sleeve (15), and a plurality of longitudinal ventilation and mass transfer holes (23), which are evenly distributed along the circumference; the N+1 blocks of heat transfer metal trays (7) have a central portion protruding into a shaft sleeve section (28), a through hole (24) provided in the center for passing the heat exchange shaft sleeve (15), and a plurality of longitudinal ventilation holes (25), which are consistent in number and position with the ventilation and mass transfer holes (23) of the solid hydrogen storage alloy fillers (8); a plurality of concentric shallow annular grooves (26) are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the heat transfer metal tray (7) to connect adjacent ventilation holes (25) located on the same circumference; The pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6) is connected to the front head or upper head (12) and the rear head or lower head (3) via flanges; The pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6) is provided with an outer heat exchange jacket (5) on its outer layer, and a heat exchange fluid inlet or heat exchange fluid outlet a (4) and a heat exchange fluid inlet or heat exchange fluid outlet b (14) are provided at the lower part and the upper part of the outer heat exchange jacket (5), respectively, one serving as the heat exchange fluid inlet and the other as the heat exchange fluid outlet; the front head or upper head (12) is provided with a hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet a (13), and the rear head or lower head (3) is provided with a hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet b (20), one serving as the hydrogen inlet and the other as the hydrogen outlet; The heat exchange center axis sleeve (15) is sleeved on the outside of the return liquid core tube (16), and the two are supported by a supporting claw (21), and the formed center axis return tube heat exchange sleeve core is located at the center axis of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6); the heat exchange center axis sleeve (15) is connected to the top of the return liquid core tube (16) and is located in the space formed by the front head or the upper head (12), the top of the heat exchange center axis sleeve (15) is sealed and is not connected to the space of the front head or the upper head (12); a through hole is provided in the center of the rear head or the lower head (3), and the bottom of the heat exchange center axis sleeve (15) and the return liquid core tube (16) pass through the through hole and are fixed in the rear head or the lower head (3); the lower part of the heat exchange center axis sleeve (15) located outside the rear head or the lower head (3) is provided with a heat exchange liquid lateral inlet (2), and the bottom of the return liquid core tube (16) is provided with a heat exchange liquid central outlet (1).

2. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ventilation and mass transfer holes (23) processed on the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8) are arranged symmetrically on the circumference of multiple concentric circles with increasing diameters. The number of concentric circles is 1 to 10, and the number of ventilation and mass transfer holes (23) uniformly distributed on the circumference of each concentric circle is 2 to 50. The larger the diameter of the concentric circle, the more ventilation holes are arranged.

3. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat transfer metal tray (7) has a central portion of a shaft sleeve section (28) having a height equal to the thickness of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8), with a height dimension ranging from 8 to 1000 mm. The diameter of the through-hole (24) in the center of the heat transfer metal tray (7) is larger than the outer diameter of the heat exchange shaft sleeve (15), with a dimension ranging from 5 to 200 mm. The outer diameter of the heat transfer metal tray (7) is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6), with a dimension ranging from 20 to 2000 mm.

4. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8) is smaller than the inner diameter of the pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6), and the size range is 20 to 2000 mm. The inner diameter of the central through hole (22) of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8) is larger than the outer diameter of the raised shaft sleeve section (28) in the middle of the heat transfer metal tray (7), and the size range is 10 to 220 mm. The thickness of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8) is equal to the height of the central raised ring column of the heat transfer metal tray (7), and the size range is 8 to 1000 mm. The number N of the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8) is 1 to 30.

5. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat transfer metal tray (7) has a thickness of the ring disk area ranging from 2 to 50 mm, the aperture of the ventilation hole (25) is greater than or equal to the aperture of the ventilation and mass transfer hole (23), and the aperture range is 2 to 80 mm; the groove width of the circular groove (26) is greater than the aperture of the ventilation hole (25) distributed in the annular direction along the diameter, and the size range is 2 to 100 mm, the depth of each concentric circular groove (26) ranges from 0.5 to 20 mm, and the number of grooves is 1 to 10.

6. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat transfer metal tray (7) has a top annular surface of a centrally protruding shaft sleeve section (28) provided with 2 to 6 longitudinal threaded holes (27) so that when loading or disassembling, a long rod with a threaded head can be screwed into the threaded hole (27) to push or pull out the heat transfer metal tray (7) and the solid hydrogen storage alloy filler (8).

7. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pressure-bearing heat exchange shell (6) is connected to the front head or upper head (12) and the rear head or lower head (3) by flanges, wherein the heat exchange middle shaft sleeve (15) of the axial return pipe heat exchange sleeve core passes through the center of the rear head or lower head (3) and is fixedly packaged vertically with the rear head flange or lower head flange (18) plane, and a center alignment structure is provided on the contact surface between the shell rear flange or shell lower flange (17) and the rear head flange or lower head flange (18).

8. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The heat exchange central axis sleeve (15) and the liquid return core tube (16) constituting the central axis return tube heat exchange sleeve core are concentrically installed and are supported and positioned by 1 to 10 supporting claws (21) distributed along the axis. The supporting claws (21) are structured as 2 to 6 equal-length round rods that are radially welded to the outer surface of the liquid return core tube (16).

9. The heat-exchange enhanced and easily removable solid-state hydrogen storage and release device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the heat exchange shaft sleeve (15) is closed, the upper end of the liquid return core tube (16) is open, and the axial distance between the upper end surfaces of the two tubes is 0.2 to 5 times the outer diameter of the liquid return core tube (16).

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