A ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces of an inclined shaft, a horizontal tunnel and a vertical tunnel

Abstract

This invention discloses a ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple tunnel faces in an inclined shaft, pilot tunnel, and main tunnel. The method comprises three parallel tunnels: a left main tunnel, a parallel pilot tunnel, and a right main tunnel. Initially, each of the left main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel, and the right main tunnel employs single-heading excavation. A first compressed air device enables initial forced ventilation at the tunnel faces. As excavation progresses across multiple tunnel faces, a second, third, fourth, and fifth compressed air device are used to achieve stable ventilation across all three tunnel faces. During this process, the initial single-heading forced ventilation mode is transformed into a single-heading forced ventilation combined with a tunnel-like ventilation mode. This allows the ventilation fans to be installed closer to the tunnel faces of the left main tunnel, the right main tunnel, and the parallel pilot tunnel, and significantly reduces the length of the ventilation ducts, minimizing airflow loss due to resistance and greatly improving the efficiency of tunnel construction ventilation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation technology, and in particular, to a method for ventilation during simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During highway tunnel construction, factors such as drilling, blasting, muck loading, shotcreting, exhaust from internal combustion machinery and transport vehicles, and the release of harmful gases from the strata during excavation significantly reduce the oxygen level inside the tunnel, resulting in a mixture of various harmful gases and dust, causing polluted air within the tunnel. As the tunnel continues to be excavated and extends deeper into the mountain, the temperature and humidity inside the tunnel increase accordingly, posing a serious threat to the health of construction workers.

[0003] Therefore, replacing and purifying the air inside the tunnel, supplying sufficient fresh air, diluting, softening and removing harmful gases and reducing dust concentration can improve working conditions, protect the health of construction workers, ensure normal safe production, and increase labor productivity.

[0004] With the rapid development of tunnel engineering in my country, the construction and operation mileage of highway tunnels has increased year by year, and the efficiency requirements for engineering construction have also been continuously improved. At present, the construction of highway tunnels is no longer the same as the early single-face single-heading excavation, but mostly adopts multi-face simultaneous excavation to improve construction efficiency and shorten the construction period.

[0005] However, when multiple tunnel faces are excavated simultaneously, the air quality inside the tunnel is poor, with excessive dust and high temperatures, severely impacting the construction environment. Improving the construction environment inside the tunnel during simultaneous excavation of multiple faces, and enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of tunnel ventilation, is a key and challenging issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for ventilation during simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in an inclined shaft, a pilot tunnel, and a main tunnel, comprising the three parallel tunnels: the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel, and the right line of the main tunnel, and further including the following steps:

[0009] S1. A first compressed air device is installed at the end of the opening of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel and the right line of the main tunnel. The first compressed air device can introduce outside air into the working face of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel and the right line of the main tunnel, and discharge the polluted air in the tunnel from the opening through convection.

[0010] S2. As at least three tunnel faces are excavated simultaneously, a transverse flow channel is opened between the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel, and the right line of the main tunnel. A second compressed air device is installed at the intersection of the parallel guide tunnel and the transverse flow channel. At this time, fresh air is forced into the tunnel faces of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel, and the right line of the main tunnel through the second compressed air device. Stale air is discharged through the transverse flow channel to the openings of the left line of the main tunnel and the right line of the main tunnel on both sides under the action of the compressed air device.

[0011] S3. A transverse flow channel is constructed to both sides at the excavation end of the parallel pilot tunnel, and the left and right lines of the main tunnel middle section are excavated on both sides to achieve simultaneous excavation of at least seven working faces. Subsequently, an inclined shaft intake airway is constructed on the left and right lines of the main tunnel middle section, and an inclined shaft return airway is constructed on the right or left line of the main tunnel middle section. A third compressed air device is installed at the entrance of the inclined shaft intake airway. At this time, fresh air enters the working faces of the right and left lines of the main tunnel middle section through the inclined shaft intake airway, and polluted air is discharged from the inclined shaft return airway under the action of the third compressed air device. A fourth compressed air device is also installed at the opposite position of the parallel pilot tunnel and the left line of the main tunnel middle section. The fourth compressed air device can force fresh air into the working face of the parallel pilot tunnel.

[0012] The left line of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel, and both ends of the right line of the main tunnel all initially adopted single-heading excavation.

[0013] S3 is carried out during the excavation of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel, and the right end of the right line of the main tunnel, and also includes step S4, which is carried out during the excavation of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel, and the left end of the right line of the main tunnel.

[0014] The main tunnel unit line is excavated from the excavation end of the parallel guide tunnel at the left end towards the left line of the main tunnel, thereby forming two working faces on the main tunnel unit line. At this time, the second compressed air device in S2 is configured to also be able to compress fresh air into the main tunnel unit line; it also includes:

[0015] S401. According to the tunneling direction, the main tunnel unit line is also excavated on the right line of the main tunnel, and multiple sets are excavated along the tunneling direction in an opposing manner.

[0016] It also includes step S5:

[0017] Connect the parallel guide tunnel at the left end to the parallel guide tunnel at the right end, and then excavate the main tunnel unit line to both sides at the connection point. At the connection point, a fifth compressed air device is installed. At this time, the fifth compressed air device can guide the fresh air compressed by the fourth compressed air device to flow into the main tunnel unit line opposite to the connection point between the parallel guide tunnel at the left end and the parallel guide tunnel at the right end.

[0018] The compressed air device includes at least one pair of fans and air ducts.

[0019] The fifth compressed air device is provided at intervals on one side of the fourth compressed air device.

[0020] The second compressed air device includes three pairs of fans and air ducts, with the three air ducts extending to the working faces of the left line of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel, and the right line of the main tunnel, respectively.

[0021] The third compressed air device includes two pairs of fans and air ducts, with the two air ducts extending to the two working faces of the middle section of the main tunnel, respectively.

[0022] The inclined shaft intake airway includes a main passage and two secondary passages connected to the main passage. The two secondary passages are respectively connected to the left line of the middle section of the main tunnel and the right line of the middle section of the main tunnel.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] 1. By configuring the inclined shaft as both an intake and return airway, fresh air and stale air are separated. Furthermore, the addition of lateral circulation channels clarifies the airflow paths for both fresh and stale air during tunnel excavation, improving ventilation efficiency and ensuring a safe working environment and personnel safety within the tunnel. Additionally, the inclined shaft and lateral circulation channels increase the working cross-section, enhancing construction efficiency, accelerating progress, and shortening the construction period.

[0025] 2. During the excavation of tunnels with multiple working faces, the ventilation mode changes from the single-head forced ventilation mode in the initial stage of tunnel excavation to a single-head forced ventilation mode combined with a tunnel ventilation mode. This allows the ventilation fans to be installed closer to the working faces of the left and right main tunnels and the parallel pilot tunnels, and the length of the ventilation ducts can be significantly shortened, reducing airflow loss due to resistance and greatly improving the efficiency of tunnel ventilation.

[0026] 3. It meets the complex ventilation requirements for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces of highway tunnels, including inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels, and also meets various construction scenarios such as separate excavation of inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels, joint excavation of pilot tunnels and main tunnels, joint excavation of inclined shafts and main tunnels, and joint excavation of all three. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction structure in the first stage of the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction structure in the second stage of the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction structure in the third stage of the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction structure in the fourth stage of the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel construction structure in the fifth stage of the embodiment.

[0032] Attached reference numerals: 1. Left line of main tunnel; 2. Parallel pilot tunnel; 3. Right line of main tunnel; 4. First compressed air device; 5. Lateral circulation channel; 6. Second compressed air device; 7. Left line of middle section of main tunnel; 8. Right line of middle section of main tunnel; 9. Inclined shaft intake airway; 10. Inclined shaft return airway; 11. Third compressed air device; 12. Fourth compressed air device; 13. Main tunnel unit line; 14. Fifth compressed air device; 15. Fan; 16. Air duct; 17. Main passage; 18. Secondary passage. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In existing technologies, forced ventilation and tunnel ventilation are widely used. Forced ventilation is a mechanical ventilation method for underground caverns. It uses ventilation machinery installed outside the cavern to deliver fresh air to the working face through ventilation ducts to supply sufficient fresh air into the cavern. Stale air flows out through the tunnel, diluting and removing harmful gases and reducing dust concentration, thereby improving working conditions and protecting the health of workers. Tunnel ventilation involves setting air doors at the entrance of the pilot tunnel (or tunnel), installing high-power main fans on the outside of the pilot tunnel (or tunnel), and setting up local fans in the pilot tunnel (or tunnel) and cross passages to deliver air to each excavation face.

[0035] However, forced ventilation results in poor working conditions inside the tunnel because polluted airflow is discharged along the tunnel walls. Furthermore, when the ventilation volume is small and the tunnel excavation is long, the emission time of dust and harmful gases at the tunnel face is prolonged, and the concentration of dust and harmful gases decreases slowly. Moreover, in forced ventilation systems, once the local ventilation fan stops operating, the air pressure acting on the tunnel surface drops sharply, causing dust and harmful gases to leach and accumulate rapidly, easily leading to a sharp increase in their concentration. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the local ventilation fan must operate continuously, meaning that the reliability requirements for the local ventilation fan are high.

[0036] Tunnel ventilation, however, has inherent drawbacks. It requires frequent fan movement, leads to the recirculation of polluted air, and necessitates the installation of airlocks in cross passages, especially the foremost ones, making unobstructed closure difficult and hindering tunnel construction. Furthermore, it struggles to effectively ventilate the working face when transitioning from the pilot tunnel to the main tunnel. Tunnel ventilation also requires dedicated polluted air exhaust channels, resulting in poor air quality within these channels. If the airlocks malfunction, it can disrupt the circulation of fresh and polluted air within the tunnel, causing a decline in overall air quality. Moreover, the dedicated polluted air exhaust channels represent a waste of space within the limited tunnel area.

[0037] When multiple tunnel faces are excavated simultaneously, forced ventilation and tunnel ventilation are insufficient to meet the complex conditions of simultaneous excavation, resulting in poor air quality, excessive dust, and high temperatures inside the tunnel, which seriously affects the construction environment.

[0038] To address this, the present invention proposes a method for simultaneous ventilation construction at multiple tunnel faces in an inclined shaft, a pilot tunnel, and a main tunnel. This method comprises three parallel tunnels: the left main tunnel line 1, the parallel pilot tunnel 2, and the right main tunnel line 3. Both ends of the left main tunnel line 1, the parallel pilot tunnel 2, and the right main tunnel line 3 are initially excavated using a single-heading method. The method also includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. A first compressed air device 4 is installed at the end of the tunnel openings of the main tunnel left line 1, the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the main tunnel right line 3. The first compressed air device 4 can introduce outside air into the working face of the main tunnel left line 1, the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the main tunnel right line 3, and discharge the polluted air in the tunnel from the tunnel opening through convection.

[0040] S2. As the tunnel face is excavated simultaneously, a transverse flow channel 5 is opened between the left line 1 of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel 2, and the right line 3 of the main tunnel. A second compressed air device 6 is installed at the intersection of the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the transverse flow channel 5. At this time, fresh air is forced into the tunnel face of the left line 1 of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel 2, and the right line 3 of the main tunnel through the second compressed air device 6. Stale air is discharged through the transverse flow channel 5 to the tunnel openings of the left line 1 and the right line 3 of the main tunnel on both sides under the action of the compressed air device.

[0041] S3. A transverse flow channel 5 is constructed to both sides at the excavation end of the parallel pilot tunnel 2, and the left line 7 and right line 8 of the middle section of the main tunnel are excavated on both sides. Then, an inclined shaft intake airway 9 is constructed on the left line 7 and right line 8 of the middle section of the main tunnel, and an inclined shaft return airway 10 is constructed on the right line 8 or the left line 7 of the middle section of the main tunnel. A third compressed air device 11 is installed at the entrance of the inclined shaft intake airway 9. At this time, fresh air enters the working face of the right line 8 and the left line 7 of the middle section of the main tunnel through the inclined shaft intake airway 9, and polluted air is discharged from the inclined shaft return airway 10 under the action of the third compressed air device 11. A fourth compressed air device 12 is also installed at the opposite position of the parallel pilot tunnel 2 and the left line 7 of the middle section of the main tunnel. The fourth compressed air device 12 can force fresh air into the working face of the parallel pilot tunnel 2.

[0042] S3 is implemented in the excavation of the left line 1 of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel 2 and the right end of the right line 3 of the main tunnel, and also includes step S4, which is implemented in the excavation of the left line 1 of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel 2 and the left end of the right line 3 of the main tunnel:

[0043] At the excavation end of the parallel pilot tunnel 2 on the left, the main tunnel unit line 13 is excavated towards the left line 1 of the main tunnel, thereby forming two working faces on the main tunnel unit line 13. At this time, the second compressed air device 6 in S2 is configured to also compress fresh air into the main tunnel unit line 13; it also includes:

[0044] S401. Based on the tunneling direction, the main tunnel unit line 13 is also excavated on the right line 3 of the main tunnel, and multiple sets are excavated along the tunneling direction in an opposing manner.

[0045] It also includes step S5:

[0046] Connect the left-end parallel guide tunnel 2 with the right-end parallel guide tunnel 2, and then excavate the main tunnel unit line 13 to both sides at the connection point. Set the fifth compressed air device 14 at the connection point. At this time, the fifth compressed air device 14 can guide the fresh air compressed by the fourth compressed air device 12 to flow into the main tunnel unit line 13 opposite to the connection point between the left-end parallel guide tunnel 2 and the right-end parallel guide tunnel 2.

[0047] In some embodiments, the compressed air device includes at least one pair of fans 15 and ducts 16. The second compressed air device 6 includes three pairs of fans 15 and ducts 16, with the three ducts 16 extending to the working faces of the left line 1 of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel 2, and the right line 3 of the main tunnel, respectively. The third compressed air device 11 includes two pairs of fans 15 and ducts 16, with the two ducts 16 extending to the two working faces of the middle section line of the main tunnel, respectively.

[0048] For example, several fifth compressed air devices 14 are spaced apart on one side of the fourth compressed air device 12 to stably transport fresh air to the corresponding main tunnel unit line 13.

[0049] For example, the aforementioned inclined shaft intake airway 9 includes a main passage 17 and two secondary passages 18 connected to the main passage 17. The two secondary passages 18 are respectively connected to the left line 7 and the right line 8 of the middle section of the main tunnel. Therefore, it is not necessary to excavate two separate inclined shaft intake airways 9 to meet the requirements of the left line 7 and the right line 8 of the middle section of the main tunnel. This greatly reduces the amount of construction work and shortens the construction period.

[0050] Example:

[0051] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the above-mentioned construction ventilation method for tunnel multi-face excavation has the following five stages:

[0052] Phase 1: The main tunnel left line 1, main tunnel right line 3, and parallel pilot tunnel 2 are all excavated independently at both ends. A single-ended forced ventilation mode is used at both ends of the main tunnel left line 1, main tunnel right line 3, and parallel pilot tunnel 2. Fans 15 (i.e., the first compressed air device 4) are installed at both ends of the main tunnel left line 1, main tunnel right line 3, and parallel pilot tunnel 2, respectively. Fresh air is delivered to the excavation faces of the main tunnel and parallel pilot tunnel 2 via air ducts 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel left line 1, main tunnel right line 3, and parallel pilot tunnel 2, respectively.

[0053] Phase Two: Establishing the Lateral Circulation Channel 5. At this stage, both ends of the main tunnel's left line 1 and right line 3 utilize a tunnel-type ventilation mode. The second compressed air device 6 is placed in the lateral circulation channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the main tunnel excavation face from the parallel guide tunnel 2 through the air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel's left line 1 and right line 3. Both ends of the parallel guide tunnel 2 utilize a tunnel-type ventilation mode. The fan 15 is placed at the intersection of the parallel guide tunnel 2 and the lateral circulation channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the parallel guide tunnel 2 excavation face from the parallel guide tunnel 2 through the air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel's left line 1 and right line 3 via the lateral circulation channel 5.

[0054] Phase 3: Before the parallel pilot tunnels 2 at both ends are connected, the inclined shaft intake airway 9 and inclined shaft return airway 10 are connected to the left line 1 and right line 3 of the main tunnel, respectively. The fans 15 at both ends of the main tunnel left line 1 and right line 3 are placed in the transverse flow channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the main tunnel excavation face from the parallel pilot tunnel 2 through the air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel left line 1 and right line 3. In the middle section of the main tunnel left line 1 and right line 3, fresh air is supplied to the main tunnel excavation face through the inclined shaft intake airway 9, while polluted air is discharged from the inclined shaft return airway 10 through the transverse flow channel 5. The fan 15 at the inlet of the parallel pilot tunnel 2 is placed at the intersection of the parallel pilot tunnel 2 and the transverse flow channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the excavation face at the inlet of the parallel pilot tunnel 2 through the air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel left line 1 and right line 3 through the transverse flow channel 5. Fresh air generated by fan 15 at the outlet end of parallel tunnel 2 is forced into the excavation face at the outlet end of parallel tunnel 2 through air duct 16. Stale air is discharged through transverse circulation channel 5 and right line 3 of main tunnel to return airway 10 of inclined shaft.

[0055] Phase 4: Before the completion of parallel pilot tunnel 2 and after the completion of transverse circulation channel 5, a new excavation face is added to the left line 1 of the main tunnel. Fans 15 at both ends of the main tunnel left line 1 and main tunnel right line 3 are placed within the transverse circulation channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the main tunnel excavation face from parallel pilot tunnel 2 through air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from main tunnel left line 1 and main tunnel right line 3. Fresh air is supplied to the main tunnel excavation face via inclined shaft intake airway 9 in the middle section of main tunnel left line 1 and main tunnel right line 3, while polluted air is discharged from inclined shaft return airway 10 via transverse circulation channel 5. Fans 15 at the newly added excavation face of the main tunnel left line 1 are placed within parallel pilot tunnel 2. Fresh air is forced into the newly added excavation face of the main tunnel left line 1 from parallel pilot tunnel 2 through air duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from main tunnel left line 1 and main tunnel right line 3 via transverse circulation channel 5. The blower 15 at the inlet of parallel guide tunnel 2 is placed at the intersection of parallel guide tunnel 2 and transverse flow channel 5. Fresh air is forced from parallel guide tunnel 2 through air duct 16 to the excavation face at the inlet of parallel guide tunnel 2, while polluted air is discharged through transverse flow channel 5 from the left line 1 and right line 3 of the main tunnel. At the outlet of parallel guide tunnel 2, fresh air generated by blower 15 is forced from parallel guide tunnel 2 through air duct 16 to the excavation face at the outlet of parallel guide tunnel 2, while polluted air is discharged through transverse flow channel 5 and right line 3 of the main tunnel to the return airway 10 of the inclined shaft.

[0056] Phase 5: After the parallel pilot tunnel 2 and the transverse circulation channel 5 are completed, new excavation faces are added for the left and right main tunnels. Fans 15 at both ends of the main tunnel left and right main tunnels are placed within the transverse circulation channel 5. Fresh air is forced into the main tunnel excavation faces from the parallel pilot tunnel 2 through duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel left and right main tunnels. Fresh air is supplied to the main tunnel excavation faces via the inclined shaft intake airway 9 in the middle section of the main tunnel left and right main tunnels, while polluted air is discharged from the inclined shaft return airway 10 through the transverse circulation channel 5. For the newly added excavation faces of the main tunnel left and right main tunnels, fans 15 are placed within the parallel pilot tunnel 2. Fresh air is forced into the newly added excavation faces of the main tunnel left and right main tunnels from the parallel pilot tunnel 2 through duct 16, while polluted air is discharged from the main tunnel left and right main tunnels through the transverse circulation channel 5.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein and should not be construed as excluding other embodiments. It can be used in various other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be altered within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or related technologies or knowledge. Modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in an inclined shaft, a pilot tunnel, and a main tunnel, comprising a main tunnel left line (1), a parallel pilot tunnel (2), and a main tunnel right line (3) running in parallel, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. A first air-compressing device (4) is installed at the ends of the openings of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel. The first air-compressing device (4) can introduce outside air into the working face of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel, and discharge the polluted air in the tunnel from the opening through convection. S2. As at least three tunnel faces are excavated simultaneously, a transverse flow channel (5) is opened between the left line of the main tunnel (1), the parallel guide tunnel (2), and the right line of the main tunnel (3). A second compressed air device (6) is installed at the intersection of the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the transverse flow channel (5). At this time, fresh air is compressed into the tunnel faces of the left line of the main tunnel (1), the parallel guide tunnel (2), and the right line of the main tunnel (3) through the second compressed air device (6). Stale air is discharged through the transverse flow channel (5) to the tunnel openings of the left line of the main tunnel (1) and the right line of the main tunnel (3) on both sides under the action of the compressed air device. S3. A transverse flow passage (5) is made to both sides at the excavation end of the parallel pilot tunnel (2), and the left line (7) and right line (8) of the middle section of the main tunnel are excavated on both sides to achieve simultaneous excavation of at least seven working faces. Then, an inclined shaft intake airway (9) is made on the left line (7) and right line (8) of the middle section of the main tunnel, and an inclined shaft return airway (10) is made on the right line (8) or left line (7) of the middle section of the main tunnel. A set is made at the opening of the inclined shaft intake airway (9). A third compressed air device (11) is installed. At this time, fresh air enters the working face of the right line (8) and the left line (7) of the middle section of the main tunnel through the inclined shaft intake airway (9). Stale air is discharged from the inclined shaft return airway (10) under the action of the third compressed air device (11). A fourth compressed air device (12) is also installed at the opposite position of the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the left line (7) of the middle section of the main tunnel. The fourth compressed air device (12) can press fresh air into the working face of the parallel guide tunnel (2). The compressed air device includes at least one pair of fans (15) and air ducts (16); Both ends of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel are all excavated by single-heading excavation; S3 is implemented in the excavation at the right end of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel, and also includes step S4 in the excavation at the left end of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel pilot tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel: At the excavation end of the parallel guide tunnel (2) at the left end, a main tunnel unit line (13) is excavated towards the left line (1) of the main tunnel at the left end, thereby forming two working faces on the main tunnel unit line (13). At this time, the second compressed air device (6) in S2 is configured to also be able to compress fresh air into the main tunnel unit line (13); it also includes: S401. According to the tunneling direction, the main tunnel unit line (13) is also excavated on the right line (3) of the main tunnel, and multiple sets are excavated along the tunneling direction in an opposing manner; It also includes step S5: Connect the parallel guide tunnel (2) at the left end to the parallel guide tunnel (2) at the right end, and then excavate the main tunnel unit line (13) to both sides at the connection point. Set the fifth compressed air device (14) at the connection point. At this time, the fifth compressed air device (14) can guide the fresh air compressed by the fourth compressed air device (12) to flow into the main tunnel unit line (13) opposite to the connection point between the parallel guide tunnel (2) at the left end and the parallel guide tunnel (2) at the right end.

2. The ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fifth compressed air device (14) is provided with several units spaced apart on one side of the fourth compressed air device (12).

3. The ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second air compression device (6) includes three pairs of the blowers (15) and air ducts (16), with the three air ducts (16) extending to the working faces of the left line (1) of the main tunnel, the parallel guide tunnel (2) and the right line (3) of the main tunnel, respectively.

4. The ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third compressed air device (11) includes two pairs of fans (15) and air ducts (16), with the two air ducts (16) extending to the two working faces of the main tunnel in the middle section.

5. The ventilation method for simultaneous excavation of multiple working faces in inclined shafts, pilot tunnels, and main tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined shaft intake airway (9) includes a main passage (17) and two secondary passages (18) connected to the main passage (17). The two secondary passages (18) are respectively connected to the left line (7) of the middle section of the main tunnel and the right line (8) of the middle section of the main tunnel.

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