A tunnel ventilation fan power generation system and control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system and control method, including a tunnel ventilation system, a control system, a mode switching system, and an energy storage system. The mode switching system monitors the operating status of the tunnel ventilation system and controls it to switch between ventilation mode and power generation mode. In power generation mode, temperature sensors collect temperature information inside and outside the tunnel, and the appropriate power generation mode is selected based on the tunnel's location and the temperature at the power generation mode switching node simulated by a computer. Utilizing the idle time when the tunnel fan is not running, piston air drives the fan blades to generate electricity. This electricity is then converted and stored in an energy storage device to power loads such as station lighting. Simultaneously, the power generation mode is adjusted based on tunnel temperature and the region where the tunnel is located, balancing the relationship between tunnel temperature requirements and power generation efficiency, making the use of piston air more efficient and achieving energy recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of piston wind power generation technology, and in particular relates to a tunnel wind turbine power generation system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] When a subway train runs through a tunnel, the air inside the tunnel is propelled by the train and flows in the direction of its movement. This phenomenon is called the piston effect of the subway train, and the resulting airflow is called piston airflow. To maintain air circulation within the subway tunnel, each subway station has ventilation shafts at both ends connected to the ground. These shafts utilize piston airflow to exchange air between the tunnel and the outside, ensuring air quality and controlling the temperature within the tunnel to meet the needs of train operation and personnel maintenance.

[0003] According to urban rail transit regulations, subway train operating sections should consider ventilation requirements for normal operation, such as fan blockage and fire. Normal operation ventilation typically utilizes piston ventilation shafts at both ends of the station, employing natural ventilation via train piston airflow. Emergency ventilation usually utilizes tunnel fans for mechanical ventilation. For general sections, the common practice is to install two piston ventilation shafts and two tunnel fans at each end of adjacent stations, for a total of four piston ventilation shafts and four tunnel fans per station. For long sections, additional ventilation shafts are installed within the section, along with piston ventilation ducts and tunnel fans. In most parts of the country, tunnel fans are only used for emergency ventilation. In some areas with hot summers, tunnel fans are used for a period of time as auxiliary ventilation during the cooler morning and evening hours in summer. However, regardless of the situation, tunnel fans are idle most of the time, and the piston airflow generated by subway trains is also vented.

[0004] Therefore, we designed a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system and control method to utilize the piston wind generated by subway trains during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system and control method, which is particularly suitable for generating electricity by utilizing idle tunnel ventilation fans and the piston wind in tunnels, so as to realize energy recovery and utilization.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A tunnel ventilation fan power generation system includes a tunnel ventilation system, a control system, an operating condition switching system, and an energy storage system.

[0008] The control system is connected to the tunnel ventilation system, and the control system includes a ventilation mode and a power generation mode, used to control the working status of the tunnel ventilation system.

[0009] The operating condition switching system is connected to the control system and is used to detect the operating status of the tunnel ventilation system and switch the operating mode of the control system.

[0010] The energy storage system is connected to the tunnel ventilation system and is used to provide electrical energy to the load and / or store electrical energy. When the control system is in the power generation mode, the current generated by the fan in the tunnel ventilation system will be stored by the energy storage system and / or drive the load.

[0011] The control system also includes temperature sensors for collecting temperature data of the tunnel's interior and exterior environments.

[0012] Preferably, the tunnel ventilation system includes piston air ducts, piston air shafts, fans, piston air valves, and linkage air valves installed at both ends of the tunnel body. The piston air shafts are connected to the piston air ducts. A fan is installed in the piston air ducts. The piston air valves and the linkage air valves are arranged side by side between the fan and the piston air shafts, and separate the piston air ducts. The fan is connected to the linkage air valves and they are linked together.

[0013] This design allows for smooth airflow from the piston, reducing the resistance of subway trains.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature sensor includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor. The internal temperature sensor is installed inside the tunnel body to collect the ambient temperature tinner inside the tunnel body; the external temperature sensor is installed outside the tunnel body to collect the ambient temperature toutside outside the tunnel body.

[0015] This setup allows for monitoring of the temperature inside and outside the tunnel, facilitating the switching of power generation modes.

[0016] Preferably, the energy storage system includes a rectifier, an inverter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and a battery connected in sequence. The input terminal of the rectifier is connected to the wind turbine. In the power generation mode, a portion of the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine is processed by the rectifier and the bidirectional DC-DC converter and stored in the battery. Another portion of the electrical energy is inverted by the inverter to drive the load or directly drive the load.

[0017] A control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system includes the following steps:

[0018] S1, the working status switching system detects the working status of the tunnel ventilation system. If the tunnel ventilation system is not working, the control system will switch to the power generation control mode. If the tunnel ventilation system is working, the system will switch to the working status.

[0019] S2, when the control system is in the power generation control mode, it judges the information of the area where the tunnel is located and collects the temperature information inside and outside the tunnel through the temperature sensor.

[0020] S3 compares the information collected in S2 with the operating mode, and then selects the matching power generation mode to generate electricity.

[0021] Preferably, the method by which the working condition switching system in S1 determines the working status of the tunnel ventilation system includes:

[0022] S1.1, The operating condition switching system detects the control system and determines whether it is in ventilation mode or power generation mode.

[0023] S1.1.1, if the control system is in power generation mode at this time, then execute S2.

[0024] S1.1.2 When in ventilation mode, detect whether the control system is connected to the ventilation fan power supply. If it is connected, it means that the tunnel ventilation system is working, and the working mode is not switched at this time; if it is not connected, it means that the tunnel ventilation system is not working, and the control system is switched to the power generation mode, and then S2 is executed.

[0025] This configuration ensures the safe operation of the wind turbine and prevents damage to the equipment caused by conflicts between the two modes.

[0026] Preferably, the area where the tunnel is located in S2 is divided according to the annual temperature and number of days in the region where the tunnel is located, where 145≤ d ≤5 When it belongs to the cold region, when 90≤ d ≤5 <145 is in the mild zone, when d ≤5 <90 is considered a warm zone, among which d ≤5 The number of days with an average daily temperature of less than 5 degrees Celsius.

[0027] This setup allows for the selection of an appropriate power generation mode based on the local temperature, while also ensuring the temperature inside the tunnel.

[0028] Preferably, in S3, the operating mode requires software modeling to calculate the temperature nodes t1, t2, and t3 for switching the wind turbine operating mode within the tunnel's area, where 0℃ < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4. 0℃ and t4 represent the extreme temperatures inside the tunnel. To ensure the tunnel temperature remains within these extreme temperatures, the system switches to a shutdown mode when the internal sensor detects a temperature t_inside ≤ 0℃; switches to a large piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside > t_outside; and switches to a weak piston wind power generation mode when t1 ≤ t_inside < t2. Finally, it switches to a restricted piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside ≤ t_outside or t2 ≤ t_inside < t3.

[0029] When the tunnel is in a cold region, the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds the maximum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t3≤tin, switch to the large piston wind mode.

[0030] When the tunnel is in a temperate region, it is necessary to consider the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds both the minimum and maximum limit temperatures. Therefore, when t3 ≤ t_in or t_in ≤ t1, switch to the large piston wind mode.

[0031] When the tunnel is in a warm region, the case where the temperature inside the tunnel is below the minimum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t_in ≤ t_1, the large piston wind mode is switched.

[0032] This setup allows for the selection of an appropriate power generation mode based on the local temperature, while also ensuring the temperature inside the tunnel.

[0033] Preferably, the power generation mode in S3 specifically includes:

[0034] Large piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve and piston air valve to be fully opened;

[0035] Limited piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve to be fully opened, and the piston air valve opens at a set angle.

[0036] Weak piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve to fully open and the piston air valve to close.

[0037] Closed mode: In this mode, the control system closes all the linkage air valves and piston air valves.

[0038] This configuration allows for more efficient use of piston airflow.

[0039] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are:

[0040] This invention utilizes the idle time when the tunnel's ventilation fans are not running and the emptied piston air to generate electricity. The piston air drives the fan blades to rotate and generate electricity. After power conversion and energy storage, the electricity is used for loads such as lighting in the station. At the same time, the power generation mode is adjusted according to information such as the tunnel temperature and the region where the tunnel is located, balancing the relationship between the tunnel's temperature requirements and power generation efficiency, making the use of piston air more efficient and realizing energy recovery. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a plan view of the ventilation system at one end of the tunnel according to the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system at one end of the tunnel according to the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel ventilation fan power generation system of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a power generation process diagram of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a flow direction diagram of the airflow in the large piston wind power generation mode of the present invention (I);

[0047] Figure 6 This is the airflow direction diagram (II) of the large piston wind power generation mode of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 7 This is the airflow direction diagram (I) of the present invention in the constrained piston wind power generation mode.

[0049] Figure 8 This is the airflow direction diagram (II) of the present invention in the constrained piston wind power generation mode.

[0050] Figure 9 This is the airflow direction diagram (I) of the present invention in the weak piston wind strong power generation mode.

[0051] Figure 10 This is the airflow direction diagram (II) of the present invention in the weak piston wind strong power generation mode.

[0052] The annotations in the attached figures are explained as follows:

[0053] 1. Tunnel ventilation system; 101. Fan; 102. Piston air duct; 103. Piston air shaft; 104. Linkage air valve; 105. Piston air valve; 2. Control system; 3. Working condition switching system; 4. Energy storage system; 401. Rectifier; 402. Inverter; 403. Bidirectional DC-DC converter; 405. Battery; 5. Air outlet; 6. Tunnel body. Detailed Implementation

[0054] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0055] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0056] All standard parts used in this invention can be purchased from the market, and irregular parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding that are mature in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts conventional connection methods in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here.

[0057] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0058] Example 1

[0059] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system includes a tunnel ventilation system 1, a control system 2, an operating condition switching system 3, and an energy storage system 4.

[0060] The control system 2 is connected to the tunnel ventilation system 1. The control system 2 includes a ventilation mode and a power generation mode, and is used to control the working status of the tunnel ventilation system 1.

[0061] The operating condition switching system 3 is connected to the control system 2 and is used to detect the operating status of the tunnel ventilation system 1 and switch the operating mode of the control system 2.

[0062] The energy storage system 4 is connected to the tunnel ventilation system 1 and is used to provide electrical energy to the load and / or store electrical energy. When the control system 2 is in the power generation mode, the current generated by the fan 101 in the tunnel ventilation system 1 will be stored by the energy storage system 4 and / or drive the load.

[0063] The control system 2 also includes a temperature sensor for collecting temperature data of the tunnel interior and exterior environments.

[0064] Specifically, the tunnel ventilation system 1 includes piston air ducts 102, piston air shafts 103, fans 101, piston air valves 105, and linkage air valves 104 disposed at both ends of the tunnel body 6. The piston air shafts 103 are connected to one end of the piston air ducts 102, and the other end of the piston air ducts 102 is connected to the interior of the tunnel body 6. An air outlet 5 is also disposed between the piston air ducts 102 and the tunnel body 6. A fan 101 is also disposed inside the piston air ducts 102. The piston air valves 105 and the linkage air valves 104 are disposed side by side between the fan 101 and the piston air shafts 103, which together separate the piston air ducts 102. The fan 101 and the linkage air valves 104 are connected and linked together. The control system 2 can control the piston air valves 105, the linkage air valves 104, and the fan 101 respectively.

[0065] Specifically, the temperature sensor includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor. The internal temperature sensor is installed inside the tunnel body 6 to collect the ambient temperature t_inner inside the tunnel body 6. The external temperature sensor is installed outside the tunnel body 6 to collect the ambient temperature t_outside the tunnel body 6. By comparing the internal and external temperatures of the tunnel with the switching node temperature of the fan 101 under different power generation modes, a matching power generation mode is selected. At the same time, considering the anti-freezing requirements of equipment and pipelines inside the tunnel, the minimum temperature of the tunnel in winter is generally not lower than 5℃. Considering the working needs of train air conditioning equipment and maintenance personnel inside the tunnel in summer, the maximum temperature of the tunnel in summer should generally not exceed 40℃. Generally, the lower the temperature, the more conducive it is to the energy-saving operation of subway trains. Therefore, the fresh air volume of the tunnel should be calculated during the design of the subway tunnel. The fresh air intake volume of the tunnel is adjusted by the temperature inside and outside the tunnel. The temperature is used to control the switching of power generation modes, thereby achieving the regulation of temperature inside the tunnel and power generation on the basis of ventilation.

[0066] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, the energy storage system 4 includes a rectifier 401, an inverter 402, a bidirectional DC-DC converter 403, and a battery 405 connected in sequence. The input terminal of the rectifier 401 is connected to the wind turbine 101. Part of the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine 101 in power generation mode is processed by the rectifier 401 and the bidirectional DC-DC converter 403 and stored in the battery 405. The other part of the electrical energy is inverted by the inverter 402 to drive the load or directly drive the load.

[0067] A control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system includes the following steps:

[0068] First, the operating status switching system 3 will detect the working status of the tunnel ventilation system 1. It needs to first determine the control system 2 to see if it is in ventilation mode or power generation mode. If it is detected that the control system 2 is in power generation mode, it will directly generate electricity. If it is detected that the control system 2 is in ventilation mode, it needs to detect the status of the fan 101 to see if the fan 101 is connected to the power supply. Specifically, a current transformer can be used for detection. If it is detected that the tunnel ventilation system 1 is not working, the operating status switching system 3 will switch the control system 2 to power generation mode, and control the fan 101 to generate electricity using piston air through the power generation mode. If it is detected that the fan 101 is in a powered working state, it will not switch, ensuring that the fan 101 operates normally and that the tunnel ventilation system 1 can work normally. The operating mode of the control system 2 will be switched after the fan 101 stops rotating and the data detected by the current transformer is zero. After the switch is completed, power generation will begin.

[0069] Secondly, after the completion condition switch, control system 2 determines the region where the tunnel is located based on the tunnel's location information. The tunnel's location is divided into cold, temperate, and warm regions, based on the accumulated annual temperature data and number of days in the region. Specifically, when 145 ≤ d... ≤5 When the time is in a cold region, and 90 ≤ d ≤5 <145 is in the mild region, when d ≤5 <90 indicates a warm region, where d ≤ 5 represents the number of days with an average daily temperature below 5 degrees Celsius.

[0070] After the tunnel area is selected, software modeling calculates the temperature nodes t1, t2, and t3 for switching the operating mode of the fan 101 within that area. To ensure the normal operation of the equipment inside the tunnel, 0℃ < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4, where 0℃ and t4 are the extreme temperatures inside the tunnel. To ensure the tunnel temperature remains within these extreme temperatures, the system switches to a shutdown mode when the internal sensor detects a temperature t_inside ≤ 0℃, a large piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside > t_outside, and a weak piston wind strong power generation mode when t1 ≤ t_inside < t2. Finally, it switches to a restricted piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside ≤ t_outside or t2 ≤ t_inside < t3.

[0071] When the tunnel is in a cold region, the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds the maximum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t3≤tin, switch to the large piston wind mode.

[0072] When the tunnel is in a temperate region, it is necessary to consider the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds both the minimum and maximum limit temperatures. Therefore, when t3 ≤ t_in or t_in ≤ t1, switch to the large piston wind mode.

[0073] When the tunnel is in a warm region, the case where the temperature inside the tunnel is below the minimum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t_in ≤ t_1, switch to the large piston wind mode.

[0074] In this example, based on the maintenance needs of the staff inside the tunnel and the heat dissipation requirements of the train's air conditioning, t4 is generally taken as 40℃. When t_inside ≤ 0℃, due to the heat dissipation of the train and other auxiliary equipment in the tunnel, as well as the heat storage of the soil around the tunnel, the temperature inside the tunnel will start to rise when switching to the shutdown mode to prevent the tunnel from freezing and affecting operations. When t_inside ≥ t4, if the shutdown mode is also adopted, the temperature inside the tunnel will continue to rise rapidly due to the heat dissipation of the train and auxiliary equipment, especially the heat dissipation of the train's onboard air conditioning in summer. Therefore, in this case, the large piston wind power generation mode or the limited piston wind power generation mode is adopted to generate electricity based on t_inside > t_outdoor or t_inside ≤ t_outdoor, so as to effectively regulate the temperature inside the tunnel.

[0075] The power generation modes specifically include large piston wind power generation mode, constrained piston wind power generation mode, and weak piston wind strong power generation mode, among which:

[0076] Because there are at least two piston ventilation shafts 103 in each section, one is set on the tunnel body 6 in front of the subway train and the other is set on the tunnel body 6 behind the subway train, as the subway train runs in the tunnel, the air in the tunnel is driven by the subway train and flows in the direction of the subway train's movement, and flows out from the piston ventilation shaft 103 in front of the subway train, while a low-pressure area is formed behind the subway train, and the external airflow flows into the tunnel body 6 along the piston ventilation shaft 103 behind the subway train.

[0077] The terms "large piston wind," "limited piston wind," and "weak piston wind" in the aforementioned large piston wind power generation mode, limited piston wind power generation mode, and weak piston wind power generation mode are defined in relation to the airflow within the tunnel.

[0078] When the large piston wind power generation mode is executed, the control system 2 will control the linkage air valves 104 and piston air valves 105 at both ends of the tunnel to be fully opened, and the piston airflow direction is as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, since both the linkage air valve 104 and the piston air valve 105 are fully open at this time, the air exchange volume between the inside and outside of the tunnel is the largest. Therefore, this mode is the large piston air mode. However, in the large piston air mode, the airflow can flow through both the linkage air valve 104 and the piston air valve 105. Therefore, the power generation effect of the fan 101 is the worst in the large piston air mode.

[0079] When the restricted piston wind power generation mode is executed, the control system 2 will control the linkage air valves 104 at both ends of the tunnel to fully open, while the piston air valve 105 will open at a set angle, with the opening angle of the piston air valve 105 ranging from 25 to 70 degrees. The piston airflow direction is as follows: Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, at this time, since the piston air valve 105 is opened at a set angle and the linkage air valve 104 is fully opened, the airflow through the piston air valve 105 will be restricted and reduced. Therefore, this mode is the restricted piston air power generation mode. The power generation effect in the restricted piston air power generation mode is improved compared with the large piston air mode.

[0080] When executing the weak piston wind power generation mode, control system 2 will control the linkage air valves 104 at both ends of the tunnel to fully open and control the piston air valve 105 to fully close, and the piston airflow direction is as follows: Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, at this time, since the piston air valve 105 is completely closed, only the linkage air valve 104 is used for ventilation, and the amount of air exchange between the inside and outside of the tunnel is minimal. Therefore, this mode is the weak piston wind strong power generation mode. However, in the weak piston wind strong power generation mode, since all airflow can only flow through the linkage air valve 104, the power generation effect of the fan 101 is the best in the weak piston wind strong power generation mode.

[0081] In addition to the large piston wind power generation mode, the limited piston wind power generation mode, and the weak piston wind strong power generation mode, the system also has a shutdown mode in order to match and adjust the temperature changes inside the tunnel. In this mode, the control system 2 will control the linkage air valve 104 and piston air valve 105 at both ends of the tunnel to be completely closed. At this time, there is no airflow exchange between the inside and outside of the tunnel, and the fan 101 will not generate electricity.

[0082] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel fan power generation system characterized by: This includes tunnel ventilation systems, control systems, operating condition switching systems, and energy storage systems. The control system is connected to the tunnel ventilation system, and the control system includes a ventilation mode and a power generation mode, used to control the working status of the tunnel ventilation system. The operating condition switching system is connected to the control system and is used to detect the operating status of the tunnel ventilation system and switch the operating mode of the control system. The energy storage system is connected to the tunnel ventilation system and is used to provide electrical energy to the load and / or store electrical energy. When the control system is in the power generation mode, the current generated by the fan in the tunnel ventilation system will be stored by the energy storage system and / or drive the load. The control system also includes a temperature sensor for collecting temperature data of the tunnel's interior and exterior environments. The tunnel ventilation system includes piston air ducts, piston air shafts, fans, piston air valves, and linkage air valves installed at both ends of the tunnel body. The piston air shafts are connected to the piston air ducts. A fan is installed in the piston air duct. The piston air valves and the linkage air valves are arranged side by side between the fan and the piston air shaft, and separate the piston air duct. The fan is connected to the linkage air valve and they are linked together.

2. A tunnel fan power generation system according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature sensor includes an internal temperature sensor and an external temperature sensor. The internal temperature sensor is installed inside the tunnel body to collect the ambient temperature tinner inside the tunnel body; the external temperature sensor is installed outside the tunnel body to collect the ambient temperature toutside outside the tunnel body.

3. The tunnel ventilation power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage system includes a rectifier, an inverter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and a battery connected in sequence. Part of the electrical energy generated by the wind turbine in power generation mode is processed by the rectifier and the bidirectional DC-DC converter and stored in the battery. The other part of the electrical energy is used by the inverter to drive the load or directly drive the load.

4. A control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: S1, the working status switching system detects the working status of the tunnel ventilation system. If the tunnel ventilation system is not working, the control system will be switched to the power generation control mode. If the tunnel ventilation system is working, the system will not switch. When the S2 control system is in power generation control mode, it determines the information of the area where the tunnel is located and collects the temperature information inside and outside the tunnel through temperature sensors. S3 compares the information collected in S2 with the operating mode, and then selects the matching power generation mode to generate electricity.

5. The control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The methods by which the operating condition switching system in S1 determines the operating status of the tunnel ventilation system include: S1.1, The operating condition switching system detects the control system and determines whether it is in ventilation mode or power generation mode. S1.1.1 If the control system is in power generation mode at this time, then execute S2. S1.1.2 When in ventilation mode, detect whether the control system is connected to the ventilation fan power supply. If it is connected, it means that the tunnel ventilation system is working, and the working mode is not switched at this time; if it is not connected, it means that the tunnel ventilation system is not working, and the control system is switched to the power generation mode, and then S2 is executed.

6. The control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The area where the tunnel is located in S2 is divided according to the annual temperature and number of days in the region where the tunnel is located. Among them, when 145≤ d ≤5 When it belongs to the cold region, when 90≤ d ≤5 <145 is in the mild zone, when d ≤5 <90 is considered a warm zone, among which d ≤5 The number of days with an average daily temperature of less than 5 degrees Celsius.

7. The control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S3, software modeling is needed to calculate the temperature nodes t1, t2, and t3 for switching the wind turbine operating mode in the tunnel's location, where 0℃ < t1 < t2 < t3 < t4. 0℃ and t4 represent the extreme temperatures inside the tunnel. To ensure the tunnel temperature remains within these extremes, the system switches to a shutdown mode when the internal sensor detects a temperature t_inside ≤ 0℃; a large piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside > t_outside; a weak piston wind power generation mode when t1 ≤ t_inside < t2; and a restricted piston wind power generation mode when t_inside ≥ t4 and t_inside ≤ t_outside or t2 ≤ t_inside < t3. When the tunnel is in a cold region, the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds the maximum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t3≤tin, switch to the large piston wind mode. When the tunnel is in a temperate region, it is necessary to consider the situation where the temperature inside the tunnel exceeds both the minimum and maximum limit temperatures. Therefore, when t3 ≤ t_in or t_in ≤ t1, switch to the large piston wind mode. When the tunnel is in a warm region, the case where the temperature inside the tunnel is below the minimum limit temperature is not considered. Therefore, when t_in ≤ t_1, the large piston wind mode is switched.

8. The control method for a tunnel ventilation fan power generation system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power generation modes in S3 specifically include: Large piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve and piston air valve to be fully opened; Limited piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve to be fully opened, and the piston air valve opens at a set angle. Weak piston wind power generation mode: In this mode, the control system controls the linkage air valve to fully open and the piston air valve to close. Closed mode: In this mode, the control system closes all the linkage air valves and piston air valves.

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