Hybrid dump and method of hybrid dumping

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of mixed dump, comprising: bedrock, which is arranged at the bottom of dump;Bottom infiltration layer, which is arranged on bedrock and is used to drain and collect dump surface runoff;Rock layer, which is stacked on the upper layer of bottom infiltration layer;Mixing layer, which is stacked on the upper layer of rock layer, mixing layer includes weathered soil layer, center rock wall, block stone layer, isolation layer and filter layer, wherein the space between every two adjacent center rock walls is reserved to form a groove, the filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the groove, the weathered soil layer and the block stone layer are respectively stacked in the two sides of the groove, and the weathered soil layer and the block stone layer in adjacent two grooves are staggered stacked, and the isolation layer is arranged at the front of the weathered soil layer and the block stone layer after stacking is completed.In addition, the present application also relates to a mixing method of mixed dump.The present application can improve the comprehensive utilization rate of dump and ensure the stability and drainage of dump.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining production technology, and more specifically, to a mixed spoil heap and a method for mixing and disposing of spoil. Background Technology

[0002] In open-pit mining on hillsides, weathered soil is continuously stripped away before entering the enclosed open-pit area. Mines typically either establish dedicated weathered soil storage areas or mix it directly with boulders and stockpile it in the same spoil heap. However, the former increases the operating costs for mining companies, especially since the volume of weathered soil stripped from hillside open-pit mines is not fixed, making dedicated stockpiles uneconomical. The latter, mixing and stockpiling, easily leads to safety hazards at the spoil heap. There have been numerous incidents in China where disorderly mixing of materials at spoil heaps has resulted in mudslides after heavy rainfall. Therefore, to address the issue of mixing weathered soil and boulders in the same spoil heap, it is essential to consider the variable volume of weathered soil stripped from the mine, the feasibility of practical production operation in the mixed stockpiling, and the stability and safety of the spoil heap after mixing. In addition, after conventional mixed stacking, the topsoil with better nutrients in the weathered soil is piled up inside the landfill and cannot be reused, which is a huge waste for mine ecological restoration. Therefore, by properly stacking weathered soil, the topsoil is stacked separately to be used as soil for ecological restoration of the landfill in the future.

[0003] Therefore, a mixed-disposal method for waste disposal that can solve the problem of weathered soil being continuously stripped during mining production, has a practical and feasible method for waste disposal, and eliminates safety hazards in the waste disposal site after mixed disposal, while facilitating subsequent soil extraction, is essential for reducing enterprise production and management costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies and solve the problem of weathered soil layers from open-pit mines on mountain slopes, this invention provides a mixed spoil heap and its mixing method that facilitates the subsequent extraction of soil. The invention primarily involves the rational and orderly stacking of stripped rock and weathered soil. Utilizing the high physical and mechanical strength and permeability of the rock, the weathered soil is systematically stacked within trenches formed by the rock piles. The weathered soil and rock layers are then interspersed, solving the problem of weathered soil layering while ensuring the stability of the spoil heap and preventing seepage. Furthermore, by rationally designing the stacking method for weathered soil and rock layers, this invention improves the comprehensive utilization rate of the spoil heap, eliminating the need for additional dedicated spoil heaps and management costs, thus saving enterprises significant investment and management expenses.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a mixed spoil heap is provided, comprising:

[0007] Bedrock, which is located at the bottom of the spoil heap;

[0008] The bottom seepage layer is set on the bedrock and is used for drainage and collection of surface runoff from the spoil heap;

[0009] A rock layer, which is piled up above the bottom seepage layer;

[0010] The mixed layer is stacked on top of the rock layer. The mixed layer includes a weathered soil layer, a central rock wall, a boulder layer, an isolation layer, and a filter layer. A space is reserved between each pair of adjacent central rock walls to form a trench. The filter layer is located at the bottom of the trench. The weathered soil layer and the boulder layer are stacked on both sides of the trench, and the weathered soil layer and the boulder layer in adjacent trenches are stacked alternately. The isolation layer is located in front of the completed weathered soil layer and boulder layer.

[0011] In one embodiment of the invention, the mixed spoil heap further includes an initial dam, which is set on bedrock; the mixed spoil layer also includes a topsoil reservoir and a protective rock wall, with the topsoil reservoir located in front of the last isolation layer and the protective rock wall piled in front of the topsoil reservoir.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom seepage layer is made of rock stripped from mining operations with a particle size greater than 500 mm.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, there are at least three rock layers; there are at least three mixed layers, and the upper and lower mixed layers are arranged alternately.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the distance between the top line of the boulders layer and the top line of the weathered soil layer is less than a threshold, all boulders are piled up to backfill the trench.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the height of the base layer where the lowest mixed-dissipation layer is located is greater than one-third of the total height of the spoil heap based on the bottom of the initial dam.

[0016] In one embodiment of the invention, the topsoil reservoir and the protective rock wall are arranged in the following manner:

[0017] Three central rock walls are used to form two trenches. The axial length of the middle central rock wall is less than that of the two side central rock walls. After the weathered soil layer and boulders are piled up and the last isolation layer is set up in the two trenches, protective rock walls are piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls towards the middle. Topsoil is piled up in the space formed by the protective rock walls, the isolation layer and the middle central rock wall.

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, the central rock wall in the middle should have slopes on both sides and the top platform should have a material pile with a lateral width.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, a method for mixing and disposing of mixed spoil heaps as described above is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0020] A bottom seepage layer is laid on the bedrock to drain infiltration and collect surface water in the spoil heap;

[0021] A layer of rock is piled up above the bottom seepage layer;

[0022] A mixed layer is piled up on the upper layer of the rock layer, leaving space between each pair of adjacent central rock walls to form a trench. A filter layer is set at the bottom of the trench. Weathered soil and boulders are piled up on both sides of the trench, with the weathered soil and boulders in adjacent trenches stacked alternately. A rock pile is used to separate the weathered soil and boulders in front of the piled-up layers. Then, weathered soil and boulders are piled up again, and this process is repeated until the end of the central rock wall.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the following steps:

[0024] Topsoil reservoirs and protective rock walls are constructed by using three central rock walls to form two trenches, with the axial length of the middle central rock wall being less than that of the two side central rock walls. After the weathered soil layer and boulders are piled up in the two trenches and the last isolation layer is set up, protective rock walls are piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls toward the middle, and topsoil reservoirs are piled up in the space formed by the protective rock walls, the isolation layer and the middle central rock wall.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0026] (1) This invention utilizes the mechanical properties of different materials to make full use of the space resources of the spoil heap, and rationally piles weathered soil and rock together to improve the space utilization rate of the spoil heap and save enterprise costs.

[0027] (2) The present invention uses alternating stacking of rock layers and weathered soil layers. By utilizing the high permeability of the rock, it can effectively and quickly remove seepage water from the weathered soil and improve the stability of the spoil disposal site.

[0028] (3) The present invention stores topsoil with good fertility separately and constructs a topsoil storage facility to facilitate its use in later ecological restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 A top cross-sectional view of the mixed spoil heap provided by the present invention is shown;

[0030] Figure 2 A front cross-sectional view of the mixed spoil disposal site provided by the present invention is shown;

[0031] Figure 3A side cross-sectional view of the mixed spoil heap provided by the present invention is shown.

[0032] List of reference numerals

[0033] 1 Bedrock, 2 Initial Dam, 3 Bottom Infiltration Layer, 4 Rock Layer, 5 Mixed Drainage Layer, 6 Weathered Soil Layer, 7 Central Dike, 8 Rock Layer, 9 Isolation Layer, 10 Filter Layer, 11 Topsoil Reservoir, 12 Protective Dike, 41 First Platform, 42 Second Platform, 43 Third Platform, 51 Fourth Platform, 52 Fifth Platform, 53 Sixth Platform. Detailed Implementation

[0034] It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention shown in the exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this invention, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that various modifications are possible without substantially departing from the teachings of the invention. Accordingly, all such modifications should be included within the scope of the invention. Other substitutions, modifications, variations, and deletions can be made to the design, operating conditions, and parameters of the following exemplary embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0035] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a mixed spoil heap, comprising: bedrock 1, which is located at the bottom of the spoil heap; a bottom infiltration layer 3, which is located on the bedrock 1 and is used for drainage and collection of surface water of the spoil heap; a rock layer 4, which is piled on top of the bottom infiltration layer 3; and a mixed spoil heap layer 5, which is piled on top of the rock layer 4. The mixed spoil heap layer 5 includes a weathered soil layer 6, a central rock wall 7, a boulders layer 8, an isolation layer 9, and a filter layer 10. A space is reserved between each two adjacent central rock walls 7 to form a trench. The filter layer 10 is located at the bottom of the trench. The weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are piled on both sides of the trench, and the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 in adjacent trenches are piled alternately. The isolation layer 9 is located in front of the completed weathered soil layer 6 and boulders layer 8.

[0036] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heaps, such as Figure 3 As shown, the mixed spoil heap also includes an initial dam 2, which is set on bedrock 1; as Figure 1 and 3 As shown, the mixed layer 5 also includes a topsoil reservoir 11 and a protective rock wall 12. The topsoil reservoir 11 is located in front of the last isolation layer 9, and the protective rock wall 12 is stacked in front of the topsoil reservoir 11.

[0037] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heap, preferably, the bottom seepage layer 3 is made of mining stripped rock with a particle size greater than 500 mm.

[0038] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heaps, such as Figure 2-3As shown, preferably, the rock layer 4 has at least three layers, forming a first platform 41, a second platform 42 and a third platform 43; the mixed layer 5 has at least three layers, forming a fourth platform 51, a fifth platform 52 and a sixth platform 53, and the upper and lower mixed layers 5 are arranged alternately.

[0039] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heap, when the distance between the top line of the rubble layer 8 and the top line of the weathered soil layer 6 is less than a threshold, preferably less than 20m, all rubble is piled up to backfill the trench.

[0040] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heap, the height of the base layer where the lowest mixed spoil layer 5 is located is greater than one-third of the total height of the spoil heap based on the dam bottom where the initial dam 2 is located.

[0041] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heaps, such as Figure 1 As shown, the topsoil reservoir 11 and the protective rock wall 12 are arranged in the following manner:

[0042] Three central rock walls 7 are used to form two trenches. The axial length of the middle central rock wall 7 is less than that of the two side central rock walls 7. After the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are piled up and the last isolation layer 9 is set up in the two trenches, the protective rock wall 12 is piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls 7 towards the middle. The topsoil reservoir 11 is piled up in the space formed by the protective rock wall 12, the isolation layer 9 and the middle central rock wall 7.

[0043] In the aforementioned mixed spoil heap, the central rock wall 7 in the middle should have slopes on both sides and the top platform should have a material pile with a transverse width.

[0044] In addition, such as Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for mixing and disposing of the mixed spoil heap as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0045] A bottom seepage layer 3 is laid on bedrock 1 to drain seepage and collect surface water in the spoil heap;

[0046] Rock layer 4 is piled up above the bottom seepage layer 3;

[0047] A mixed layer 5 is piled up on top of the rock layer 4, leaving space between each pair of adjacent central rock walls 7 to form a trench. A filter layer 10 is set at the bottom of the trench. Weathered soil layer 6 and boulders layer 8 are piled up on both sides of the trench, and the weathered soil layer 6 and boulders layer 8 in adjacent trenches are piled up alternately. A rock pile isolation layer 9 is used in front of the completed weathered soil layer 6 and boulders layer 8. Then the weathered soil layer 6 and boulders layer 8 are piled up again, and this process is repeated until the end of the central rock wall 7.

[0048] The above-mentioned mixed arrangement method further includes the following steps:

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, topsoil reservoir 11 and protective rock wall 12 are piled up. Three central rock walls 7 are used to form two trenches, and the axial length of the middle central rock wall 7 is less than the axial length of the two side central rock walls 7. After the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are piled up in the two trenches and the last isolation layer 9 is set up, the protective rock wall 12 is piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls 7 towards the middle, and the topsoil reservoir is piled up in the space formed by the protective rock wall 12, the isolation layer 9 and the middle central rock wall 7.

[0050] The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below through specific embodiments.

[0051] In this embodiment, as shown in 1-3, the present invention is mainly a "layered staggered" weathered soil-rock mixed spoil heap. The mixed spoil heap is composed of bedrock 1, initial dam 2, bottom infiltration layer 3, rock layer 4 and mixed spoil layer 5. The rock layer 4 is formed by the accumulation of rocks mined from the mine. The mixed spoil layer 5 is composed of weathered soil layer 6, central rock wall 7, boulders layer 8, isolation layer 9, water filter layer 10, topsoil reservoir 11, and protective rock wall 12.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, the spoil heap is designed as a single platform (consisting of the plane on which the platform is located and the adjacent lower slope, for example, Figure 3 The height of the first platform 41, the second platform 42, the third platform 43, the fourth platform 51, the fifth platform 52 and the sixth platform 53 shown is 30m, the width of the platform is 20-50m, and the slope of the platform is 35°.

[0053] Refer again Figure 1-3 The specific implementation steps of the above-mentioned mixed spoil heap method of the present invention are as follows:

[0054] After the initial dam 2 is completed, a 30m thick bottom seepage layer 3 will be laid on the bedrock 1. This layer will serve as the bottom seepage channel and waste disposal channel of the spoil heap, collecting runoff from the surrounding mountains and acting as the waste disposal inlet. The bottom seepage layer 3 should be made of rock stripped from mining operations, with a particle size greater than 500mm. After the bottom seepage layer 3 is completed, it will be used as the waste disposal inlet channel. At least three layers of rock 4 will be piled up to form the first platform 41, the second platform 42, and the third platform 43, which will serve as the load-bearing foundation for the mixed waste disposal layer 5.

[0055] After the construction of rock layer 4 is completed, the mixed layer 5 is constructed. A central rock wall 7 is built using stacked rocks. Each central rock wall 7 should be wider than 50m, and its axial length should be sufficient to accommodate a mixed structure consisting of a weathered soil layer 6, a boulders layer 8, and an isolation layer 9. A 3-10m space is reserved between every two sets of central rock walls 7 to form a trench. The net width of the trench bottom should be greater than 3m and less than 10m. The weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are stacked within the trench formed by the central rock walls 7. Before stacking the weathered soil layer 6, a filter layer 10 is constructed within the trench as a rapid water collection and drainage channel. Then, the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are stacked alternately. After stacking, an isolation layer 9 is built at the front, followed by another stacking of the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8, repeating this process until the end of the central rock wall 7.

[0056] More specifically, on platforms that are more than one-third the total height of the spoil heap (such as...) Figure 3 As shown, starting from the third platform 43, three layers of mixed soil 5 are stacked to form the fourth platform 51, the fifth platform 52, and the sixth platform 53. The upper and lower mixed soil layers 5 should be staggered, and it is forbidden for the upper and lower mixed soil structures to be in the same cross section. The height of the mixed soil layer 5 is consistent with the height of the rock layer 4, which is 30m. The distance between the bottom of each pair of central rock walls 7 should be between 5m and 10m, and the weathered soil layer 6 is stacked in the trench formed by the central rock walls 7. Before stacking the weathered soil layer, d is used. 50 30mm gravel is used to backfill the trench, forming a filter layer 10 with a backfill height greater than 3m. The filter layer 10 extends to the end of the central rock wall 7. When the axial stacking length of the central rock walls 7 on both sides is greater than 60m, and the backfilling length of the filter layer 10 is greater than 40m, the weathered soil layer 6 and the rubble layer 8 can be stacked. Using the central rock walls 7 on both sides as the entry space for dump trucks, the rubble layer 8 is stacked first. When the bottom of the rubble layer 8 completely covers the filter layer 10, the weathered soil layer 6 is stacked on the other side, with a horizontal thickness greater than half that of the rubble layer 8. After the weathered soil layer 6 is stacked in place, the rubble layer 8 of the same thickness as the weathered soil layer 6 is stacked again, and this process is repeated. When the distance between the top line of the rubble layer 8 and the top line of the weathered soil layer 6 is less than 20m, the trench is completely backfilled with rubble. The material of the boulders layer 8 is the same as that of the rock layer 4, which is general waste rock from mining, with no special requirements. The weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 are mixed to form a layered, staggered structure, and the axial length of the pile should not exceed 50m. After completion, an isolation layer 9 with a thickness greater than 10m is piled in front, using general waste rock from mining, with no special requirements. The isolation layer 9 is piled up to the same height as the central rock wall 7 and completely seals the weathered soil layer 6. Then, the second mixed structure is piled up, but the discharge direction of the weathered soil layer 6 and the boulders layer 8 is reversed. The trench is backfilled to the same length as the central rock wall 7 in the above manner.

[0057] The construction of the topsoil reservoir 11 requires three central rock walls 7. The central rock wall 7 in the middle is shorter in axial length than the two side central rock walls 7, so as to create a space in front of the central rock wall 7. The central rock wall 7 must be a material pile with slopes on both sides and a certain lateral width on the top platform. After the last isolation layer in the trenches on both sides is completed, protective rock walls 12 are first piled from the ends of the two side central rock walls 7 towards the middle. The topsoil reservoir 11 is then piled up in the space formed by the protective rock walls 12, the isolation layer 9, and the central rock wall 7 with the short axis in the middle. When ecological restoration is required, the protective rock walls 12 are excavated and dumped to the bottom of the slope to form a new step. The exposed topsoil is then evenly covered on the platform surface and the slope surface.

[0058] More specifically, when constructing the topsoil reservoir 11, the widths of the fourth platform 51, fifth platform 52, and sixth platform 53 formed by the mixed-layer 5 should be greater than 50m to allow space for lowering the platform height during ecological restoration. During the construction of the topsoil reservoir 11, at least three sets of central rock walls 7 are required to form two trenches. The construction method of the mixed-layer structure within the trenches is consistent with the above, but the axial length of the central rock wall 7 in the middle should be 50m shorter than that of the central rock walls 7 on both sides. When the weathered soil structures on both sides are piled up to be level with the central rock wall 7 in the middle, protective rock walls 12, with a width greater than 15m, are piled up from the ends of the central rock walls 7 towards the middle. When the protective rock walls 12 are piled up to the same height as the central rock walls 7 on both sides, the topsoil reservoir 11 is piled up within the space formed by the protective rock walls 12, the isolation layer 9, and the central rock wall 7 in the middle, until the trench is backfilled to the same horizontal height as the central rock wall 7, thus completing the construction of the mixed-layer 5. Multiple mixed-layer structures can be set up within the same mixed-layer 5 according to the needs of mine construction to meet the requirements of weathered soil stacking. The width of the horizontal platform where the top surface of the topsoil reservoir 11 is located should be greater than 50m, and the bottom line of the slope of the upper mixed-layer 5 should maintain a distance of more than 5m from the topsoil reservoir 11.

[0059] In summary, this invention utilizes the mechanical properties of different materials to fully leverage the space resources of spoil heaps by rationally piling weathered soil and boulders together, thereby improving the space utilization rate of spoil heaps and saving enterprise costs. The alternating piling of boulders and weathered soil layers utilizes the high permeability of the rock to effectively and quickly remove seepage water from the weathered soil, improving the stability of the spoil heap. Furthermore, this invention stores the topsoil with better fertility separately, constructing a topsoil reservoir for easy use in subsequent ecological restoration.

[0060] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof should be covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed spoil heap, characterized in that, include: Bedrock, which is located at the bottom of the spoil heap; A bottom seepage layer is provided on the bedrock and is used for drainage and collection of surface runoff from the spoil heap; A rock layer, which is stacked on top of the bottom seepage layer, wherein the rock layer consists of at least three layers; A mixed-layer layer is stacked on top of the rock layer. The mixed-layer layer includes a weathered soil layer, a central rock wall, a boulder layer, an isolation layer, and a filter layer. A space is reserved between each pair of adjacent central rock walls to form a trench. The filter layer is located at the bottom of the trench. The weathered soil layer and the boulder layer are stacked on both sides of the trench, and the weathered soil layer and the boulder layer in adjacent trenches are stacked alternately. The isolation layer is located in front of the stacked weathered soil layer and the boulder layer. The mixed-layer layer consists of at least three layers, and the upper and lower mixed-layer layers are arranged alternately. The initial dam is set on the bedrock; the mixed-layer also includes a topsoil reservoir and a protective rock wall, the topsoil reservoir being set in front of the last isolation layer and the protective rock wall being piled in front of the topsoil reservoir; The topsoil reservoir and the protective rock wall are arranged in the following manner: three central rock walls are used to form two trenches, the axial length of the middle central rock wall is less than the axial length of the two side central rock walls. After the weathered soil layer and the boulders layer are piled up in the two trenches and the last isolation layer is set up, the protective rock wall is piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls towards the middle. The topsoil reservoir is piled up in the space formed by the protective rock wall, the isolation layer and the middle central rock wall. The isolation layer is piled up to the same height as the central rock wall.

2. The mixed spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom seepage layer is made from rocks extracted and stripped from mines with a particle size greater than 500 mm.

3. The mixed spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the distance between the top line of the boulders layer and the top line of the weathered soil layer is less than a threshold, all boulders are piled up to backfill the trench.

4. The mixed spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the base layer where the lowest mixed-layer is located is greater than one-third of the total height of the spoil heap based on the bottom of the initial dam.

5. The mixed spoil heap according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central rock wall in the middle should have slopes on both sides and the top platform should have a material pile with a lateral width.

6. A method for mixing and dumping waste in a mixed spoil heap as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A bottom seepage layer is laid on the bedrock to drain infiltration and collect surface water in the spoil heap; A layer of rock is piled up above the bottom seepage layer; A mixed layer is piled up on the upper layer of the rock layer, leaving space between each pair of adjacent central rock walls to form a trench. A filter layer is set at the bottom of the trench. Weathered soil and boulders are piled up on both sides of the trench, with the weathered soil and boulders in adjacent trenches stacked alternately. A rock pile is used to separate the weathered soil and boulders in front of the piled-up layers. Then, weathered soil and boulders are piled up again, and this process is repeated until the end of the central rock wall.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: Topsoil reservoirs and protective rock walls are constructed by using three central rock walls to form two trenches, with the axial length of the middle central rock wall being less than that of the two side central rock walls. After the weathered soil layer and boulders are piled up in the two trenches and the last isolation layer is set up, protective rock walls are piled up from the ends of the two side central rock walls toward the middle, and topsoil reservoirs are piled up in the space formed by the protective rock walls, the isolation layer and the middle central rock wall.

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