Method for improving performance of aluminum-steel composite plate and aluminum-steel composite plate

Abstract

The application discloses a method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite plates and relates to the technical field of composite plates, and comprises the following steps: S1, pretreating the steel material; S2, coating aluminum material on the surface of the steel plate by using a stir friction deposition additive technology to prepare an aluminum-steel composite plate; S3, rapidly cooling the aluminum-steel composite plate by using an auxiliary medium; and S4, post-heat treating the aluminum-steel composite plate, wherein the overall performance of the aluminum-steel composite plate is improved by annealing the steel base plate and heat treating the subsequent composite plate, and the interfacial shear performance of the aluminum-steel composite plate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material technology, specifically to a method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite materials and an aluminum-steel composite material. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of technology, the demand for lightweight structural materials is increasing daily, especially in fields such as aerospace, transportation, and marine vessels. While pursuing lightweight materials, it is also necessary to ensure structural safety and to achieve a combination of multiple material properties. A single material is unlikely to meet these multifunctional requirements.

[0003] Steel is currently the world's most used and second most abundant metallic material, characterized by high strength and weldability; aluminum is the world's second most used and most abundant metallic material, characterized by high corrosion resistance and heat dissipation. Aluminum-steel composite panels combine the properties of both materials, enabling not only lightweight structural components but also effectively ensuring structural safety and functionality.

[0004] However, aluminum and steel differ significantly in their physical properties, such as melting point, coefficient of expansion, and thermal conductivity, making it difficult to bond the two materials using traditional welding methods. Aluminum-steel composite sheets prepared by methods such as rolling, lap welding, and explosive welding are prone to defects such as deformation, cracking, and porosity at the interface, resulting in poor interfacial bonding performance and a high scrap rate in the produced aluminum-steel composite sheets.

[0005] Due to the low interfacial bonding strength, existing aluminum-steel composite panels require additional structural design to improve the overall stability of the structure during use. This increases manufacturing costs and wastes materials, making it urgent to improve the bonding performance of the materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite panels and an aluminum-steel composite panel. By annealing the steel substrate and heat-treating the composite panel, the overall performance of the aluminum-steel composite panel is improved, its interfacial shear performance is enhanced, material waste is greatly reduced, and the product qualification rate is increased.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite panels, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Pre-treatment of steel;

[0010] S2. Aluminum-steel composite plates are prepared by coating aluminum onto the surface of a steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology.

[0011] S3. Use an auxiliary medium to rapidly cool the aluminum-steel composite sheet.

[0012] S4. Perform post-heat treatment on the aluminum-steel composite sheet.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the steel is annealed.

[0014] Preferably, the annealing temperature is 700-800℃ and the annealing time is 1-2h.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, the tool rotation speed is 200-500 RPM, the feeding speed is 80-120 mm / min, and the displacement speed is 150-200 mm / min.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, during the coating process, the coating location is sprayed with water, cooled by air jets, or coated in water.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the cooling rate is greater than 60°C / min.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, the auxiliary medium is one or more of compressed air, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen, and water.

[0019] Preferably, in step S4, the heat treatment temperature is 200-300℃, the holding time is 1-24h, and the heating rate is 80-100℃ / min.

[0020] The present invention also provides an aluminum-steel composite sheet produced by the above method.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. By annealing the steel substrate and heat-treating the subsequent composite material, the overall performance of the aluminum-steel composite material is improved, and its interfacial shear performance is enhanced.

[0023] 2. During the high-temperature annealing process, the stress generated in the steel plate during rolling is released, which can reduce the hardness of the metal, enhance its plasticity, improve the stability of the internal structure of the metal, and adjust the internal structure of the metal to reduce defects.

[0024] 3. After the aluminum-steel composite sheet is formed, it should be cooled rapidly immediately. This can effectively reduce the formation of intermetallic compounds and also effectively prevent grain growth.

[0025] 4. Depositing composite plates in water can effectively control the process temperature and perform rapid cooling immediately after deposition, reducing the formation of intermetallic compounds and effectively preventing grain growth.

[0026] 5. Using a lower post-heat treatment temperature can effectively avoid the formation of continuous intermetallic compounds, and can also increase the metallurgical bonding of the aluminum-steel interface through interdiffusion, thereby improving the bonding performance. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0029] Figure 3 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0030] Figure 4 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0031] Figure 5 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 4 ;

[0032] Figure 6 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 5 ;

[0033] Figure 7 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 6 ;

[0034] Figure 8 The results of scanning electron microscopy of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate of the present invention. Figure 7 ;

[0035] Figure 9 Scanning electron microscope image of the interface of aluminum-steel composite sheet without post-processing;

[0036] Figure 10 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the interface of an aluminum-steel composite sheet without annealing or post-treatment. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1:

[0039] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0040] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0041] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0042] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 1h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0043] Figure 2 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 1. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test was 108.9 MPa.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0046] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0047] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0048] The aluminum-steel composite plate manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 2h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0049] Figure 3 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 2. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by the tensile test was 111.2 MPa.

[0050] Example 3:

[0051] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0052] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0053] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0054] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 4h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0055] Figure 4 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 3. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by the tensile test was 131.3 MPa.

[0056] Example 4:

[0057] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0058] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0059] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0060] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 8h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0061] Figure 5 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 4. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test was 138.1 MPa.

[0062] Example 5:

[0063] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0064] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0065] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0066] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 16h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0067] Figure 6 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 5. The results show that a small amount of discontinuous intermetallic compounds are generated at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test is 125.0 MPa.

[0068] Example 6:

[0069] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0070] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0071] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0072] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 24h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0073] Figure 7 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 6. The results show that a small amount of discontinuous intermetallic compounds are generated at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test is 112 MPa.

[0074] Example 7:

[0075] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0076] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0077] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and the entire deposition process was carried out in water.

[0078] The aluminum-steel composite sheet manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing was subjected to post-heat treatment in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 200℃, a holding time of 16h, and a heating rate of 100℃ / min.

[0079] Figure 8 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 7. The results show that a small amount of discontinuous intermetallic compounds are generated at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test is 142.3 MPa.

[0080] Example 8:

[0081] The 316 stainless steel sheet was annealed at a temperature of 700℃ for 2 hours.

[0082] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0083] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0084] No post-heat treatment is performed on aluminum-steel composite plates manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing.

[0085] Figure 9 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 8. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test was 95.7 MPa.

[0086] Example 9:

[0087] The rolled 316 stainless steel sheet is not annealed.

[0088] The surface of the 316 stainless steel plate is sanded and cleaned with alcohol to remove oil and oxide layers.

[0089] 6061 aluminum alloy was deposited onto a 316 stainless steel plate using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology, and compressed air was used for cooling.

[0090] No post-heat treatment is performed on aluminum-steel composite plates manufactured by friction stir deposition additive manufacturing.

[0091] Figure 10 The image shows the scanning electron microscope results of the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate obtained by the heat treatment process in Example 9. The results show that no intermetallic compounds were formed at the interface, and the shear strength measured by tensile test was 72.3 MPa.

[0092] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0093] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite panels, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment of 316 stainless steel; pretreatment includes annealing of 316 stainless steel; annealing temperature is 700-800℃, annealing time is 1-2h; S2. Aluminum-steel composite sheet is prepared by coating aluminum onto the surface of 316 stainless steel using friction stir deposition additive manufacturing technology; in step S2, during the coating process, the coating area is sprayed with water, cooled by air jet, or coated in water. S3. Use an auxiliary medium to rapidly cool the aluminum-steel composite sheet, with a cooling rate greater than 60℃ / min; the auxiliary medium is one or more of compressed air, liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen, and water; S4. Perform post-heat treatment on aluminum-steel composite panels. In step S4, the heat treatment temperature is 200-300℃, the holding time is 1-24h, and the heating rate is 80-100℃ / min.

2. The method for improving the performance of aluminum-steel composite panels according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the tool rotation speed is 200-500 RPM, the feeding speed is 80-120 mm / min, and the displacement speed is 150-200 mm / min.

3. An aluminum-steel composite sheet, characterized in that: It is prepared using the method described in claim 1 or 2.

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