Application of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification

Abstract

The present invention discloses the application of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification, and belongs to the field of environmental protection and nitrification inhibitors. 2-furancarboxylic acid and nitrogen fertilizer are formulated into a mixed solution and applied to the soil, wherein the application amount of 2-furancarboxylic acid in the soil is 100-5000 mg / kg soil. The 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention can efficiently inhibit soil nitrification at low doses, reduce farmland nitrogen loss and soil N2O emissions, and the inhibition efficiency is higher than other nitrification inhibitors. The 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention has a stable chemical structure and is a type of "green" biological nitrification inhibitor based on plants, which can solve the problems of high price, unstable effect and easy pollution to the environment and food safety of existing nitrification inhibitors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of environmental protection and nitrification inhibitors, and specifically relates to the application of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification. Background Art

[0002] At a time when one-third of the world's farmland soil is facing degradation and food production is threatened by climate change, the growing population has led to a continuous increase in global food demand. In order to increase food production on the one hand, and because it is difficult to accurately estimate the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied on the other hand, people often apply nitrogen fertilizer in excess of the amount required by crops. Large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer can stimulate the microbial-driven nitrification process, resulting in nitrogen losses. It is estimated that nitrogen lost in the nitrification process can account for 40% of the total loss. At the same time, with the increase in nitrogen fertilizer input, N2O emissions will also show an exponential growth trend. Excessive fertilization will not only increase the economic burden on farmers, but also reduce the nitrogen utilization rate of farmland soil, forming a vicious circle. Therefore, regulating the nitrification process and thus reducing nitrogen losses plays an important role in global agricultural sustainable development, food security and climate change.

[0003] In agricultural production, applying nitrification inhibitors is an important measure to improve nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen loss. Nitrification inhibitors slow down the occurrence of nitrification by inhibiting the activity of soil-related microorganisms, allowing more nitrogen to be used as ammonium nitrogen (NH4 + -N) in the soil for crop absorption and utilization, achieving efficient management of nitrogen fertilizers and reducing the negative effects caused by excessive fertilization. Most of the nitrification inhibitors currently used are chemically synthesized, which have the limitations of high price, unstable effect and potential threat to the environment and food safety. Therefore, in the strategic context of green development of modern agriculture in my country, it is necessary to seek environmentally friendly alternatives to control nitrification.

[0004] Biological nitrification inhibitors are a class of substances secreted by plants that inhibit soil nitrification. Compared with synthetic nitrification inhibitors, they are more environmentally friendly and meet the needs of green agricultural development. Existing literature reports that nitrification inhibitors such as methyl p-hydroxyphenylpropionate and 1,9-decanediol, which are present in the root secretions of crops, have good nitrification inhibition effects, but their high synthesis costs lead to certain difficulties in their promotion and application. Therefore, it is necessary to continue to explore substances in the root secretions of crops that inhibit soil nitrification. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an application of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification, so as to solve the problems of existing chemically synthesized nitrification inhibitors, such as high price, short effectiveness, and easy pollution to the environment and food safety, and further expand the application field of 2-furancarboxylic acid.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The invention provides application of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification.

[0008] Furthermore, 2-furancarboxylic acid and nitrogen fertilizer are prepared into a mixed solution and applied to the soil.

[0009] Furthermore, the amount of 2-furancarboxylic acid applied to the soil is 100 to 5000 mg / kg soil.

[0010] Furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate.

[0011] The invention also provides the use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in preparing a soil nitrification inhibitor.

[0012] The invention also provides the use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in preparing products for reducing farmland nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate.

[0013] The invention also provides the use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in reducing soil N2O emission.

[0014] The present invention also provides the use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting the activity and abundance of nitrifying microorganisms, wherein the nitrifying microorganisms include ammonia oxidizing archaea and ammonia oxidizing bacteria.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0016] (1) The 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention inhibits the soil nitrification process by inhibiting the activity and abundance of nitrifying microorganisms, thereby reducing the formation and wetting of nitrate nitrogen, thereby reducing soil nitrogen loss and soil N2O emissions, and improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization;

[0017] (2) The 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention can effectively inhibit soil nitrification at a low dose. When the application amount of 2-furancarboxylic acid is 100 mg / kg soil, the inhibition efficiency of nitrification potential can reach 85.6%, and the inhibition efficiency is higher than other nitrification inhibitors such as dicyandiamide and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, thereby improving the nitrification inhibition efficiency;

[0018] (3) The 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention is present in the root secretions of crops and is a substance with a stable chemical structure derived from plants. It is a type of plant-based "green" biological nitrification inhibitor that can solve the problems of existing chemically synthesized nitrification inhibitors, such as high prices, unstable effects, and easy pollution to the environment and food safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of 2-furancarboxylic acid applied and the nitrification inhibition effect of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the nitrification inhibition ability of 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention and other nitrification inhibitors;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a comparison diagram of the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) under the conditions of applying 2-furancarboxylic acid of the present invention and other nitrification inhibitors;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a comparison of the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) under the conditions of application of 2-furancarboxylic acid and other nitrification inhibitors;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a relative abundance analysis diagram of the identifiable components of tomato root exudates of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present invention, the test soil was collected from the plough layer (0 ~ 20 cm) of the rice-wheat rotation test field in Jinniu Lake Street, Liuhe District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, and the soil type was yellow-brown soil. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are: pH 5.75 (water-soil ratio 5:1, w / w), organic matter content of 10.38 g / kg, available phosphorus content of 22.48 mg / kg, and available potassium content of 74.78 mg / kg. Furan carboxylic acid, dicyandiamide and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate were purchased from Shanghai McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0027] Example 1 Effect of adding different concentrations of 2-furancarboxylic acid on soil nitrification potential

[0028] Ammonium sulfate treatment (CK) and ammonium sulfate + furanoic acid treatment were set up, the ammonium sulfate application rate was 150 mg N / kg, and 2-furancarboxylic acid was set at 4 addition rates, namely 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg / kg soil, numbered FN-100, FN-500, FN-1000 and FN-5000, respectively. Three replicates were set for each treatment.

[0029] Weigh 10 g of fresh soil into a 100 mL culture bottle, evenly add 2 mL of the mixed solution of 2-furancarboxylic acid and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] required for each treatment into the culture bottle, and add 5 mL of 10 mmol / L potassium chlorate (KClO3) solution to inhibit the oxidation of nitrite; place the culture bottle in a constant temperature (25℃) incubator with light shielding for 24 h, and then add 5 mL of 2 mol / L potassium chloride (KCl) solution to extract nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - -N).

[0030] The NO2 content of each soil sample was measured using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm. - -N content, the color developing agent is N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine; according to the increase of NO2 per unit soil sample per unit time - -N content was used to calculate the nitrification potential.

[0031] The experimental results are as follows Figure 1 As shown, compared with the control without 2-furancarboxylic acid addition, the inhibition rates of nitrification potential by adding 2-furancarboxylic acid at concentrations of 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 mg / kg soil were 85.6%, 93.0%, 97.2% and 97.8%, respectively.

[0032] Example 2 Effects of different nitrification inhibitors on soil nitrification potential

[0033] Ammonium sulfate treatment (CK) and ammonium sulfate + different nitrification inhibitor treatments were set up. The application rate of ammonium sulfate was 150 mg N / kg. Three nitrification inhibitors were selected, namely furan carboxylic acid, dicyandiamide and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, numbered FN-100, DCD and MHPP respectively. The application rates of FN and MHPP were both 100 mg / kg soil, and the application rate of DCD was 20 mg / kg soil. Three replicates were set for each treatment.

[0034] Weigh 10 g of fresh soil into a 100 mL culture bottle, evenly add 2 mL of a mixed solution of the nitrification inhibitor required for each treatment and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] into the culture bottle, and add 5 mL of 10 mmol / L potassium chlorate (KClO3) solution to inhibit the oxidation of nitrite; place the culture bottle in a constant temperature (25°C) incubator in dark for 24 h, then add 5 mL of 2 mol / L potassium chloride (KCl) solution to extract nitrite nitrogen (NO2 - -N).

[0035] The NO2 content of each soil sample was measured using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 540 nm. - -N content, the color developing agent is N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine; according to the increase of NO2 per unit soil sample per unit time- -N content was used to calculate the nitrification potential.

[0036] The experimental results are as follows Figure 2 As shown in the data, among the three nitrification inhibitors, the nitrification potential of the treatment with 2-furoic acid was the lowest. After calculation, the inhibition efficiency of 2-furoic acid on nitrification potential was 85.6%, the inhibition efficiency of dicyandiamide on nitrification potential was 73.2%, and the inhibition efficiency of methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate on nitrification potential was 78.4%, indicating that the inhibition efficiency of 2-furoic acid on nitrification potential was higher than that of dicyandiamide and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate.

[0037] Example 3 Effects of different nitrification inhibitors on the abundance of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea

[0038] Ammonium sulfate treatment (CK) and ammonium sulfate + different nitrification inhibitor treatments were set up. The application rate of ammonium sulfate was 150 mg N / kg. Three nitrification inhibitors were selected, namely furan carboxylic acid, dicyandiamide and methyl 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, numbered FN-100, DCD and MHPP respectively. The application rates of FN and MHPP were both 100 mg / kg soil, and the application rate of DCD was 20 mg / kg soil. Three replicates were set for each treatment.

[0039] Weigh 10 g of fresh soil into a 100 mL culture bottle, and evenly add 2 mL of a mixed solution consisting of the nitrification inhibitor required for each treatment and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] into the culture bottle. Place the culture bottle in a constant temperature (25°C) incubator and culture it in the dark for 7 days. After 7 days, collect the soil samples in the culture bottle, extract soil DNA samples, and quantitatively detect the abundance of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the samples.

[0040] The results of the detection of the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in the samples are as follows: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown. Figure 3 It can be seen that the abundance of AOA in the treatment with 2-furancarboxylic acid was similar to that in the MHPP treatment, and both were significantly lower than those in the control and DCD treatments. Figure 4 It can be seen that the abundance of AOB in the treatment with 2-furancarboxylic acid was the lowest, significantly lower than the other two inhibitors and the control. This shows that 2-furancarboxylic acid has a significant inhibitory effect on the abundance of functional microorganisms in nitrification.

[0041] In addition, the present invention collects and concentrates the root secretions of 8 tomato varieties, and identifies the components by GC / MS. The identification results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it is shown that 2-furancarboxylic acid exists in root exudates and is a bioinhibitor derived from plants.

[0042] The present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the present invention. Any technical solutions obtained by adopting equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation solutions fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

Application of 1.2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification.

2. The use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification according to claim 1, characterized in that: 2-Furancarboxylic acid and nitrogen fertilizer are mixed into a solution and applied to the soil.

3. The use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification according to claim 2, characterized in that: The application amount of 2-furancarboxylic acid in the soil is 100 to 5000 mg / kg soil.

4. The use of 2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting soil nitrification according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate. Application of 5.2-furancarboxylic acid in the preparation of soil nitrification inhibitors. Application of 6.2-furancarboxylic acid in the preparation of products for reducing nitrogen loss in farmland and improving nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate. 7.2-Application of furanoic acid in reducing soil N2O emissions. Application of 8.2-furancarboxylic acid in inhibiting the activity and abundance of nitrifying microorganisms.

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