Fertilizer capable of promoting growth of underground tubers of crops and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of plant nutrition fertilizers, and discloses a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops and a preparation method thereof, comprising a coating material and a core fertilizer, wherein the coating material comprises a resin coating material and a bio-based coating material, wherein the resin coating material comprises a starch coating liquid and a curing agent, and the bio-based coating material comprises soybean oil polyol, polyether polyol, trihydromethylpropane, polylactic acid polyol, oleic acid, benzoic acid and microcrystalline wax. The present invention provides the required nutrition in the early stage of planting to promote root growth, and releases a large amount of required nutrients in the tuber formation and tuber expansion stage one month later, promoting cell division and cell expansion. The fertilizer of the present invention has good slow-release and controlled-release properties, high fertilizer utilization rate, low energy consumption and environmental protection, and can significantly increase the yield of root crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant nutrition fertilizers, and in particular to a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] China is a large agricultural country, and agricultural planting requires the consumption of huge amounts of fertilizers. Therefore, my country is also one of the countries that produces and consumes fertilizers, and is at the forefront of the world in terms of total usage and total production. However, in actual agricultural production, due to the combined influence of the nature of fertilizers and environmental factors, there is a widespread problem of low fertilizer utilization.

[0003] Root and tuber crops are a major category in agricultural planting. In the large-scale planting of root and tuber crops, the fertilization technology is relatively simple, and the planting personnel rely entirely on habitual experience to apply fertilizers, resulting in serious waste of fertilizers and causing problems such as soil acidification, soil compaction, secondary salinization, water pollution and excessive vegetable pests. Root and tuber crops are a major category in agricultural planting and are planted on a large scale in my country. Although research on fertilizers related to root and tuber crops is not uncommon, there are still problems such as short fertilization period, low fertilizer utilization rate, poor fertilizer efficiency and incomplete nutrition, which lead to low yield and low quality of root and tuber crops.

[0004] Therefore, a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops and a preparation method thereof are needed to solve the above-described problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0006] The scheme of the present invention is

[0007] A fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops, comprising a coating material and a core fertilizer, wherein the coating material comprises a resin coating material and a bio-based coating material, the resin coating material comprises a starch coating liquid and a curing agent, the bio-based coating material comprises soybean oil polyol, polyether polyol, trihydromethylpropane, polylactic acid polyol, oleic acid, benzoic acid and microcrystalline wax, and the core fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] 0.5-1.5 parts of trace elements;

[0009] 16-28 parts of potassium sulfate;

[0010] 4-9 parts of magnesium sulfate;

[0011] 16-28 parts of urea;

[0012] 5-14 parts of monoammonium phosphate;

[0013] 5-8 parts of carbon-based fertilizer;

[0014] 3-5 parts of calcium carbonate;

[0015] 15-18 parts of diatomaceous earth;

[0016] Humic acid 8-12 parts;

[0017] 3-6 parts of modified alginate;

[0018] 1-2 parts of lignin;

[0019] 3-8 parts of fermented carnation flower extract;

[0020] 5-12 portions of fermented kapok flowers.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution, the trace elements include the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0022] 0.01-0.2 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate;

[0023] 0.1-0.8 parts of iron sulfate;

[0024] 0.2-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate;

[0025] 0.4-0.6 parts of manganese sulfate;

[0026] Borax 0.1-0.3 parts;

[0027] 0.05-0.1 part of ammonium molybdate;

[0028] 0.1-0.2 parts of selenium sulfite.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution, the kapok flower fermented product is kapok flower fermented product powder that passes 20 mesh.

[0030] As a preferred technical solution, the coating material includes starch coating liquid and a curing agent; the starch coating liquid and the curing agent account for 30-67% and 33-70% of the weight of the coating material respectively; the starch coating liquid includes starch, a liquefying agent and a catalyst;

[0031] The starch is cassava starch; the liquefier is propylene carbonate; the catalyst is phosphoric acid; and the curing agent is a mixture of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0032] The present invention also discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops, comprising the following steps:

[0033] 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: squeeze kapok flowers to remove moisture, send them into a fermentation room, add kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid at a ratio of 100:0.1-0.3, ferment at a temperature of 45-60°C, and ferment for 15-20 days. Crush, sieve, and sun-dry the fermented kapok flowers to obtain kapok fermented material for use;

[0034] 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use;

[0035] 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature and then slowly dripped with toluene diisocyanate TDI to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above filtration operation is repeated 3 times, the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours, and the modified alginate is obtained for standby use;

[0036] 4) 10 to 16 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 to 4 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 6 to 12 parts by weight of urea, 2 to 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 3 to 6 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare particles of 2 to 4 mm, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles, wherein the sustained release time of the resin-coated particles is 28 to 31 days;

[0037] 5) 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of trace elements, 4-9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 6-12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 10-16 parts by weight of urea, 5-14 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 15-18 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 1-2 parts by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed with 3-8 parts by weight of fermented carnation flower extract and 5-12 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 6-8 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles;

[0038] 6) After spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive, the particles are mixed with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops. The fertilizer is slowly released in layers after use. In the first stage, the resin coated particles of the fertilizer are slowly released. The first stage is 30 days, and after 30 days, the second stage begins. The bio-based coated particles in the fertilizer start to slowly release. The slow release time of the bio-based coated particles is 30 to 35 days. The components released by the fertilizer in the first stage can promote the root growth of underground tuber plants. The second stage releases a large amount of nutrients in a comprehensive manner, which corresponds to the tuber formation and tuber expansion stages of underground tuber plants, and promotes cell division and cell expansion.

[0039] As a preferred technical solution, the concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum suspension in step 2) is 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0040] As a preferred technical solution, in step 3), each ml of water contains 0.03 alginate, the mass ratio of the alginate, citric acid, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate is 1:0.02:0.01:0.02, and the mass ratio of the alginate to the toluene diisocyanate TDI is 1:0.01.

[0041] As a preferred technical solution, the trace elements include copper sulfate pentahydrate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate, and selenium sulfite.

[0042] As a preferred technical solution, the adhesive is a guar gum solution, and the coating amount is 0.5% of the weight of the bio-based coated particles.

[0043] The invention discloses a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of trace elements; 16-28 parts of potassium sulfate; 4-9 parts of magnesium sulfate; 16-28 parts of urea; 5-14 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 5-8 parts of carbon-based fertilizer; 3-5 parts of calcium carbonate; 15-18 parts of diatomaceous earth; 8-12 parts of humic acid; 3-6 parts of modified alginate; 1-2 parts of lignin; 3-8 parts of fermented dianthus flower extract; and 5-12 parts of kapok flower fermentation product.

[0044] Advantages of the present invention:

[0045] The invention provides the required nutrition in the early stage of planting to promote root growth, and releases a large amount of required nutrients in the tuber formation and tuber expansion stage one month later, promoting cell division and cell expansion. From the seedling stage, tuber formation and tuber expansion period, it can simultaneously supplement trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium and calcium to promote the increase of production and income of root and tuber crops.

[0046] The fertilizer of the present invention has good slow-release and controlled-release properties, high fertilizer utilization rate, low energy consumption and environmental protection, and can significantly increase the yield of root and tuber crops.

[0047] The fertilizer of the present invention has a small application amount, provides sufficient nutrition to root and tuber crops, has weed control and disease resistance effects, and reduces the use amount of pesticides.

[0048] By fermenting dianthus flowers and utilizing the growth and metabolism of Lactobacillus plantarum, the active ingredients in dianthus flowers are modified or transformed, and their functional activation is carried out, which significantly increases the content of active substances such as flavonoids in dianthus flowers, thereby enhancing their free radical scavenging ability and strengthening their biological activity functions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0050] 3% resin coating method:

[0051] Spraying the film material on the surface at 3% of the total weight of the particles; the coating material includes starch coating liquid and a curing agent; the starch coating liquid and the curing agent account for 30-67% and 33-70% of the weight of the coating material respectively; the starch coating liquid includes starch, a liquefying agent and a catalyst;

[0052] The starch is cassava starch; the liquefier is propylene carbonate; the catalyst is phosphoric acid; and the curing agent is a mixture of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate and trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate.

[0053] Bio-based coating methods:

[0054] 1 kg of granules were weighed and added into a rotating drum, and preheated to 70° C. to obtain preheated granules.

[0055] 1 g of water was sprayed as a polishing agent onto the surface of the preheated particles to polish the surface of the fertilizer for 10 minutes to obtain core particles.

[0056] 4g soybean oil polyol, 2g polyether polyol, 0.4g trimethylolpropane, 0.2g polylactic acid polyol, 0.2g oleic acid, 0.1g benzoic acid, 0.1g microcrystalline wax were heated at 70°C and stirred evenly, then transported to a mixing chamber with 3.3g toluene diisocyanate and quickly mixed, and then sprayed on the surface of the core particles, and continued to solidify into a film in a rotating drum with a speed of 10r / min, and a coating layer with a coating rate of 1% was formed after 4 minutes. The above steps were repeated 3 times until a coating layer with a coating rate of 3% was formed to obtain a bio-based coated controlled-release fertilizer. Embodiment 1:

[0057] 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: squeeze kapok flowers to remove moisture, send them into a fermentation room, add kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid at a ratio of 100:0.1, ferment at 55°C, ferment for 15 days, crush, sieve and sun-dry the fermented kapok flowers to obtain kapok fermented material for later use;

[0058] 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use;

[0059] 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature and then slowly dripped with toluene diisocyanate TDI to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above filtration operation is repeated 3 times, the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours, and the modified alginate is obtained for standby use;

[0060] 4) 10 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 6 parts by weight of urea, 2 parts by weight of humic acid and 3 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare 2 mm particles, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles;

[0061] 5) 0.5 parts by weight of trace elements, 4 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 6 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 10 parts by weight of urea, 5 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 5 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 15 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 1 part by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed evenly with 3 parts by weight of fermented dianthus flower extract and 5 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 6 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles;

[0062] 6) Spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive and then mixing them with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops.

[0063] 0.01 parts by weight of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.1 parts by weight of iron sulfate, 0.2 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.4 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.1 parts by weight of borax, 0.05 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, and 0.1 parts by weight of selenium sulfite are stirred and mixed to obtain trace elements.

[0064] The concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum suspension in step 2) is 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0065] In the step 3), each ml of water contains 0.03% alginate, the mass ratio of the alginate, citric acid, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate is 1:0.02:0.01:0.02, and the mass ratio of the alginate to the toluene diisocyanate TDI is 1:0.01.

[0066] The adhesive is a guar gum solution, and the coating amount is 0.5% of the weight of the bio-based coated particles. Embodiment 2:

[0067] 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: kapok flowers are squeezed to remove moisture and sent to a fermentation room. Kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid are added in a ratio of 100:0.3. The fermentation temperature is 60°C and the fermentation time is 20 days. The fermented kapok flowers are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain kapok fermented material for use;

[0068] 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use;

[0069] 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature and then slowly dripped with toluene diisocyanate TDI to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above filtration operation is repeated 3 times, the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours, and the modified alginate is obtained for standby use;

[0070] 4) 16 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 4 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 12 parts by weight of urea, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 6 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare 4 mm particles, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles;

[0071] 5) 1.5 parts by weight of trace elements, 9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 16 parts by weight of urea, 14 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 8 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 18 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 2 parts by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed with 8 parts by weight of fermented dianthus flower extract and 12 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 8 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles;

[0072] 6) Spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive and then mixing them with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops.

[0073] 0.2 parts by weight of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.8 parts by weight of iron sulfate, 0.5 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.6 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.3 parts by weight of borax, 0.1 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate and 0.2 parts by weight of selenium sulfite are stirred and mixed to obtain trace elements.

[0074] The concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum suspension in step 2) is 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0075] In the step 3), each ml of water contains 0.03% alginate, the mass ratio of the alginate, citric acid, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate is 1:0.02:0.01:0.02, and the mass ratio of the alginate to the toluene diisocyanate TDI is 1:0.01.

[0076] The adhesive is a guar gum solution, and the coating amount is 0.5% of the weight of the bio-based coated particles. Embodiment 3:

[0077] 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: kapok flowers are squeezed to remove moisture and sent to a fermentation room. Kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid are added at a ratio of 100:0.2. The fermentation temperature is 55°C and the fermentation time is 18 days. The fermented kapok flowers are crushed, sieved and dried to obtain kapok fermented material for use;

[0078] 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use;

[0079] 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature and then slowly dripped with toluene diisocyanate TDI to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above filtration operation is repeated 3 times, the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours, and the modified alginate is obtained for standby use;

[0080] 4) 14 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 3 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 8 parts by weight of urea, 3 parts by weight of humic acid and 4 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare 2 mm particles, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles;

[0081] 5) 1 part by weight of trace elements, 6 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 10 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 18 parts by weight of urea, 8 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 6 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 16 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 1 part by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed evenly with 4 parts by weight of fermented dianthus flower extract and 8 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 8 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles;

[0082] 6) Spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive and then mixing them with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops.

[0083] 0.01 parts by weight of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.3 parts by weight of iron sulfate, 0.3 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5 parts by weight of manganese sulfate, 0.2 parts by weight of borax, 0.08 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, and 0.1 parts by weight of selenium sulfite are stirred and mixed to obtain trace elements.

[0084] The concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum suspension in step 2) is 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL.

[0085] In the step 3), each ml of water contains 0.03% alginate, the mass ratio of the alginate, citric acid, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate is 1:0.02:0.01:0.02, and the mass ratio of the alginate to the toluene diisocyanate TDI is 1:0.01.

[0086] The adhesive is a guar gum solution, and the coating amount is 0.5% of the weight of the bio-based coated particles.

[0087] The following experiments were conducted using the fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground rhizomes of crops in Example 3, Comparative Example 1 (Stanley, Sanan 20-26-8), Comparative Example 2 (the same as Example 1, except that it does not contain kapok flower fermentation product), Comparative Example 3 (the same as Example 1, except that it does not contain modified alginate), Comparative Example 4 (the same as Example 1, except that it does not contain fermented dianthus flower extract), Comparative Example 5 (the same as Example 1, except that it does not contain humic acid), and a blank example (no rhizome fertilizer was used) .

[0088] Experiment 1

[0089] Fertilizer object and variety: Chinese yam (iron stick Chinese yam)

[0090] Application amount;

[0091] 2 days before planting yam, fertilize the whole layer and all the bottoms into the soil. Example 3, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 are applied at 100 kg per mu; Comparative Example 1 is applied at 60 kg per mu;

[0092] The experimental results are shown in Table 1

[0093] experiment Total yield (kg / mu) Qualified commodity quantity (kg / mu) Compliance rate (%) Protein content in yam (%) Example 3 2463.5 2389.6 97.0 4.65 Comparative Example 1 2154.8 1969.2 91.4 3.87 Comparative Example 2 2385.4 2215.8 92.9 3.97 Comparative Example 3 2355.6 2268.5 96.3 4.15 Comparative Example 4 2302.6 2208.5 95.9 3.93 Comparative Example 5 2263.5 2135.7 94.4 4.05 Blank example 1528.4 1385.6 0.91 3.81

[0094] Experiment 2

[0095] Fertilizer object and variety: Potato (Yunshu 105)

[0096] Application amount;

[0097] 3 days before potato planting, fertilize the whole layer and all the bottoms into the soil. Example 3, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 are applied at 100 kg per mu; Comparative Example 1 is applied at 60 kg per mu;

[0098] The test results are shown in Table 2

[0099] experiment Total output (tons / mu) Commodity rate (tons / mu) Product rate (%) Example 3 3.12 2.99 95.8 Comparative Example 1 2.14 1.95 91.1 Comparative Example 2 2.48 2.32 93.5 Comparative Example 3 2.86 2.71 94.8 Comparative Example 4 2.51 2.37 94.4 Comparative Example 5 2.69 2.53 94.0 Blank example 1.32 1.18 89.4

[0100] Experiment 3

[0101] Fertilizer object and variety: Burdock

[0102] Application amount;

[0103] In spring, 2 days before burdock planting, fertilize the whole layer and all the bottoms into the soil. Example 3, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 are applied at 100 kg per mu; Comparative Example 1 is applied at 60 kg per mu;

[0104] The experimental results are shown in Table 3

[0105] experiment Total output (tons / mu) Appearance inspection Example 3 1.96 The surface is smooth, without rot or spots, and the cross section is yellow-white Comparative Example 1 1.54 Smooth surface, slightly spotted, yellowish white in cross section Comparative Example 2 1.79 The surface is smooth, without rot or spots, and the cross section is yellow-white Comparative Example 3 1.88 The surface is smooth, without rot or spots, and the cross section is yellow-white Comparative Example 4 1.73 Smooth surface, slightly spotted, yellowish white in cross section Comparative Example 5 1.92 Smooth surface, slightly spotted, yellowish white in cross section Blank example 1.32 The surface is relatively smooth, with spots and the cross section is white

[0106] Experiment 4

[0107] Fertilizer object and variety: Polygonum multiflorum

[0108] Application amount;

[0109] 3 days before planting, fertilize the whole layer and all the bottoms into the soil. Example 3, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 are applied at 100 kg per mu; Comparative Example 1 is applied at 60 kg per mu;

[0110] The experimental results are shown in Table 4

[0111] experiment Total yield (kg / mu) Example 3 1923.4 Comparative Example 1 1764.6 Comparative Example 2 1812.3 Comparative Example 3 1881.7 Comparative Example 4 1798.5 Comparative Example 5 1903.4 Blank example 1514.4

[0112] The experimental results show that the fresh Polygonum multiflorum harvested per mu in Example 3 was 1923 kg, which was 27% higher than the blank and 9% higher than the comparative example 1. In addition, the incidence of root rot in the comparative example 1 increased, and the fibrous roots were brown and rotten. In severe cases, the roots were removed and disinfected, and the planting area of ​​the comparative example 1 was sprayed with carbendazim, resulting in a reduction in yield.

[0113] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops, characterized in that: The invention comprises a coating material and a core fertilizer, wherein the coating material comprises a resin coating material and a bio-based coating material, the resin coating material comprises a starch coating liquid and a curing agent, the bio-based coating material comprises soybean oil polyol, polyether polyol, trihydromethylpropane, polylactic acid polyol, oleic acid, benzoic acid and microcrystalline wax, and the core fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1.5 parts of trace elements; 16-28 parts of potassium sulfate; 4-9 parts of magnesium sulfate; 16-28 parts of urea; 5-14 parts of monoammonium phosphate; 5-8 parts of carbon-based fertilizer; 3-5 parts of calcium carbonate; 15-18 parts of diatomaceous earth; Humic acid 8-12 parts; 3-6 parts of modified alginate; 1-2 parts of lignin; 3-8 parts of fermented carnation flower extract; 5-12 portions of fermented kapok flowers; The fertilizer is prepared by the following method: 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: squeeze kapok flowers to remove moisture, send them into a fermentation room, add kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid at a ratio of 100:0.1-0.3, ferment at a temperature of 45-60°C, and ferment for 15-20 days. Crush, sieve, and sun-dry the fermented kapok flowers to obtain kapok fermented material for use; 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use; 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature, and then toluene diisocyanate TDI is slowly added dropwise to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above operation is repeated 3 times, and the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours to obtain the modified alginate for use; 4) 10 to 16 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 to 4 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 6 to 12 parts by weight of urea, 2 to 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 3 to 6 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare particles of 2 to 4 mm, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles, wherein the sustained release time of the resin-coated particles is 28 to 31 days; 5) 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of trace elements, 4-9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 6-12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 10-16 parts by weight of urea, 5-14 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 15-18 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 1-2 parts by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed with 3-8 parts by weight of fermented carnation flower extract and 5-12 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 6-8 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles; 6) Spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive and then mixing them with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops.

2. A fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The trace elements include the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.01-0.2 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate; 0.1-0.8 parts of iron sulfate; 0.2-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate; 0.4-0.6 parts of manganese sulfate; 0.1-0.3 parts of borax; 0.05-0.1 part of ammonium molybdate; 0.1-0.2 parts of selenium sulfite.

3. A fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The kapok flower fermented product is kapok flower fermented product powder having a mesh size of 20.

4. A method for preparing the fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Preparation of kapok fermented material: squeeze kapok flowers to remove moisture, send them into a fermentation room, add kapok flowers and Bacillus subtilis liquid at a ratio of 100:0.1-0.3, ferment at a temperature of 45-60°C, and ferment for 15-20 days. Crush, sieve, and sun-dry the fermented kapok flowers to obtain kapok fermented material for use; 2) Preparation of fermented dianthus flower extract: after the dianthus flower is dried and crushed and passed through 60 meshes, dianthus pollen is added with deionized water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, mixed evenly, left to stand for 10 minutes, and sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes after soaking to obtain a dianthus flower suspension; a plant lactobacillus suspension is taken, inoculated into the dianthus flower suspension at an inoculation amount of 1%, mixed evenly, and fermented in a constant temperature incubator at 37°C for 24 hours; after the fermentation is completed, the fermented dianthus flower suspension is sterilized at 90°C for 10 minutes; the sterilized fermented dianthus flower suspension is dried at 45°C for 24 hours, and then crushed to obtain fermented dianthus flower; a certain amount of fermented dianthus flower is weighed, water is added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:100, mixed evenly, extracted in a water bath at 80°C for 30 minutes, filtered to remove the filter residue, and a fermented dianthus flower extract is obtained for use; 3) Preparation of modified alginate: alginate, citric acid and water are mixed and stirred, heated to 60°C, stirred, triethylenediamine and ammonium citrate are added, stirred sufficiently, cooled to room temperature, and then toluene diisocyanate TDI is slowly added dropwise to obtain a mixed solution, 95% ethanol in an amount of 3 times the volume of the mixed solution is added to the mixed solution, a crude modified alginate product is precipitated, and filtered; the filter cake is soaked in 95% ethanol for 20 minutes, filtered again, and the above operation is repeated 3 times, and the obtained filter cake is dried at 30°C for 12 hours to obtain the modified alginate for use; 4) 10 to 16 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 2 to 4 parts by weight of calcium carbonate, 6 to 12 parts by weight of urea, 2 to 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 3 to 6 parts by weight of modified alginate are ground and mixed to obtain a mixed powder, granulated to prepare particles of 2 to 4 mm, and coated with 3% resin to obtain resin-coated particles, wherein the sustained release time of the resin-coated particles is 28 to 31 days; 5) 0.5-1.5 parts by weight of trace elements, 4-9 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, 1 part by weight of calcium carbonate, 6-12 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, 10-16 parts by weight of urea, 5-14 parts by weight of monoammonium phosphate, 5-8 parts by weight of carbon-based fertilizer, 15-18 parts by weight of diatomaceous earth, 6 parts by weight of humic acid and 1-2 parts by weight of lignin are ground through 60 mesh respectively, then mixed with 3-8 parts by weight of fermented carnation flower extract and 5-12 parts by weight of kapok flower fermentation product, extruded into particles with a diameter of 6-8 mm, and then bio-based coated to obtain bio-based coated particles; 6) After spraying the bio-based coated particles with an adhesive, the particles are mixed with the resin coated particles to obtain a fertilizer for promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops. The fertilizer is slowly released in layers after use. In the first stage, the resin coated particles of the fertilizer are slowly released. The first stage is 30 days, and after 30 days, the second stage begins. The bio-based coated particles in the fertilizer start to slowly release. The slow release time of the bio-based coated particles is 30 to 35 days. The components released by the fertilizer in the first stage can promote the root growth of underground tuber plants. The second stage releases a large amount of nutrients in a comprehensive manner, which corresponds to the tuber formation and tuber expansion stages of underground tuber plants, and promotes cell division and cell expansion.

5. The method for preparing a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The concentration of the Lactobacillus plantarum suspension in step 2) is 1.0×10 8 CFU / mL.

6. The method for preparing a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The adhesive is a guar gum solution, and the coating amount is 0.5% of the weight of the bio-based coated particles.

7. The method for preparing a fertilizer capable of promoting the growth of underground tubers of crops as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The trace elements include copper sulfate pentahydrate, iron sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, borax, ammonium molybdate, and selenium sulfite.