Intelligent pretreatment system for building decoration waste and treatment process thereof

Abstract

The application relates to an intelligent pretreatment system for building decoration garbage and a treatment process thereof, which comprises a collecting and distributing box, a feeding port arranged at the top of the collecting and distributing box body, a plurality of recovery chambers arranged in the collecting and distributing box body, a main conveying belt arranged above the recovery chambers, a crushing unit in communication with the feeding port and used for crushing the building decoration garbage, a delivery unit, a spiral screening unit, an airflow separation unit, a metal removal unit, a sorting unit and a dust collecting unit, wherein the spiral screening unit, the airflow separation unit, the metal removal unit and the sorting unit are installed on the conveying belt, and the dust collecting unit is arranged beside the conveying belt. Compared with the prior art, the application can efficiently separate the building decoration garbage with different components, realize maximized utilization of resources, and promote source reduction of the building decoration garbage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of construction and renovation waste treatment technology, and in particular relates to an intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste and its treatment process. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization in my country, the output of construction and renovation waste has increased rapidly. Construction and renovation waste typically includes various waste materials such as concrete blocks, red bricks, glass, wood, plaster, and metal. This waste not only puts pressure on the urban environment but also wastes a large amount of potentially recyclable and reusable resources.

[0003] Solid waste resource utilization and low-carbon sustainable development are concepts proposed to address the current global environmental and resource challenges. Solid waste resource utilization means turning waste into valuable resources, transforming it into renewable resources to reduce dependence on natural resources. Low-carbon sustainable development, on the other hand, prioritizes environmental protection, resource conservation, and sustainable development based on low carbon emissions. In this context, combining construction and renovation waste with low-carbon practices will not only help achieve efficient resource utilization but also propel the construction industry towards sustainable development.

[0004] Despite widespread attention to solid waste resource utilization and low-carbon sustainable development, existing construction and renovation waste treatment facilities still have some limitations. First, existing facilities struggle to effectively separate the various components of construction and renovation waste, resulting in a limited amount of waste to be recycled and a limited degree of resource reuse. Second, the facilities are complex to operate and have high operating costs, requiring significant investment in manpower and energy, thus limiting the scale and efficiency of construction and renovation waste treatment. Furthermore, traditional facilities generate large amounts of dust and noise during processing, posing a threat to the health of operators and potentially polluting the surrounding environment.

[0005] In view of the above problems and challenges, there is an urgent need for an innovative method for handling construction and renovation waste. This method should be able to efficiently separate waste of different components, maximize resource utilization, promote the reduction of construction and renovation waste at the source, and at the same time reduce negative environmental impacts and operating costs.

[0006] CN111570471B discloses an automated processing system for construction and renovation waste and its working method. The system includes a construction waste feeding unit, a renovation waste feeding unit, a first-stage crushing unit, a second-stage crushing unit, an iron removal unit, a first-stage screening unit, a second-stage screening unit, a first-stage manual sorting unit, a second-stage manual sorting unit, a first-stage air separation unit, a baling unit, an intelligent photoelectric sorting unit, a second-stage crushing unit, a second-stage screening unit, a third-stage crushing unit, an aggregate screening unit, a wood air separation unit, and an RDF forming unit. However, this system can only separate aggregates and wood from construction and renovation waste, while other materials such as metal and glass cannot be separated, posing a safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of difficult resource utilization and disposal of mixed construction waste and the difficulty of sorting in residential communities. Therefore, it provides an intelligent pre-treatment system and process for construction waste, which can efficiently separate construction waste of different components, maximize resource utilization, and promote the reduction of construction waste at the source.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] On one hand, the present invention provides an intelligent pre-treatment system for construction and renovation waste, comprising:

[0010] The distribution box includes a distribution box body, a feed inlet located at the top of the distribution box body, a plurality of recovery chambers located inside the distribution box body, and a main conveyor belt located above the recovery chambers;

[0011] A crushing unit located at the feed inlet and used for crushing construction and decoration waste;

[0012] A delivery unit for conveying construction and decoration waste into the feed inlet;

[0013] The spiral screening unit located below the crushing unit separates lightweight construction waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm, recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm, and construction waste particles with a particle size less than or equal to 5mm. The construction waste particles with a particle size less than or equal to 5mm fall onto the main conveyor belt for further processing.

[0014] An airflow sorting unit that processes construction and decoration waste particles that have been processed by the spiral screening unit on the main conveyor belt;

[0015] A metal removal unit that performs metal screening on the construction and decoration waste processed by the airflow sorting unit on the main conveyor belt;

[0016] A sorting unit located behind the metal removal unit and used to sort out brittle, photosensitive substances from construction and decoration waste on the main conveyor belt;

[0017] And a dust collection unit for collecting dust.

[0018] Furthermore, the crushing unit includes a crushing box and at least a pair of parallel-spaced crushing rollers disposed within the crushing box. The crushing rollers are equipped with a bag-breaking structure, forming a crushing channel for compressing and crushing materials between each pair of crushing rollers.

[0019] Furthermore, the spiral screening unit includes a row of spiral rollers located directly below the crushing unit and a lightweight plastic conveyor belt located next to the spiral rollers. The spiral rollers are located directly above the main conveyor belt. The lightweight plastic conveyor belt is used to receive lightweight construction waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm that are sorted along the axial direction of the spiral rollers and send them to the recycling chamber corresponding to the airflow sorting unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the airflow sorting unit includes a first air separation mechanism and a second air separation mechanism arranged sequentially along the moving direction of the main conveyor belt. The first air separation mechanism and the second air separation mechanism are used to blow airflow into the main conveyor belt, and the airflow force of the second air separation mechanism is greater than that of the first air separation mechanism.

[0021] Furthermore, the metal removal unit includes magnetic separation components disposed on both sides of the main conveyor belt to help remove ferromagnetic metal substances from the construction and decoration waste from the magnetic field of the main conveyor belt. The magnetic separation components include a row of ferrite cores arranged perpendicular to the direction of the main conveyor belt, an energized solenoid arranged around the ferrite cores, and an outer tube of ferromagnetic material surrounding the energized solenoid.

[0022] Furthermore, the sorting unit includes a sorting bracket through which the main conveyor belt passes, an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver mounted on the sorting bracket and located above the main conveyor belt, and several robotic arms mounted on the sorting bracket and located on both sides of the main conveyor belt. Sorting conveyor belts are also provided on both sides of the main conveyor belt.

[0023] Furthermore, the dust collection unit includes a gear sorting machine located diagonally below the main conveyor belt, a negative pressure dust collection zone located above the gear sorting machine, and a dust removal pipe connected to the negative pressure dust collection zone. The dust removal pipe is also connected to the top of the airflow sorting unit and the sorting unit. A dust collection device for adsorbing dust is provided in the negative pressure dust collection zone.

[0024] Furthermore, the delivery unit includes a lifting rail disposed outside the collection and distribution box, a feeding box installed on the lifting rail and movable back and forth thereal, and a weight sensor at the bottom and a volume sensor at the top of the feeding box.

[0025] Furthermore, the recycling chamber includes a first recycling chamber located directly below the spiral screening unit, a second and a third recycling chamber located directly below the airflow sorting unit, a fourth recycling chamber located directly below the metal removal unit, a fifth recycling chamber located directly below the sorting unit, and a sixth recycling chamber located directly below the dust collection unit.

[0026] Weighbridges are installed below the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth recycling chambers respectively.

[0027] The distribution box also includes several sliding grooves at the bottom of the distribution box body and an electric screw pump on the side of the distribution box body, wherein the electric screw pump is mounted on a column.

[0028] On the other hand, the present invention provides an intelligent pretreatment process for construction and renovation waste, which is implemented using any of the construction and renovation waste pretreatment systems described above, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0029] S1 monitors the construction and decoration waste in the feeding box. When the weight or volume of the construction and decoration waste meets the set value, the feeding box moves to the crushing unit position.

[0030] S2, the crushing box of the crushing unit receives construction and decoration waste and crushes it. Then the spiral screening unit screens the crushed construction and decoration waste to obtain recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks, lightweight decoration waste plastic bags and construction and decoration waste particles. Among them, the construction and decoration waste particles fall onto the main conveyor belt.

[0031] S3, construction and decoration waste particles pass through the airflow sorting unit on the main conveyor belt to separate plastics and lightweight waste wood. Then, they continue to pass through the metal removal unit to remove metal components. Next, they pass through the sorting unit to separate brittle and photosensitive materials. Then, they pass through the sixth recycling chamber to collect recycled fine aggregates. Finally, the dust collection unit collects the dust generated in the collection and distribution box, including recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder.

[0032] S4. When the monitoring shows that the processed construction and decoration waste in the collection and distribution box meets the set value, the collection and distribution box is moved to the construction waste transfer vehicle and dumped to the treatment point to discharge the pre-treated construction and decoration waste.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] 1. The pretreatment system provided by this invention is equipped with processing units such as a delivery unit, a crushing unit, a spiral screening unit, an airflow separation unit, a metal removal unit, a sorting unit, and a dust collection unit, which can efficiently separate construction and decoration waste of different components. Through step-by-step separation, the utilization of construction and decoration waste can be maximized, dependence on natural resources can be reduced, and the construction industry can be promoted towards sustainable development.

[0035] 2. The conveyor belt in this invention can quickly transfer and transport waste, storing it centrally in the collection and distribution box to prevent waste accumulation. The automated operation of each processing unit can improve the efficiency of construction and renovation waste disposal and reduce labor and time costs. The amount of construction and renovation waste generated can be monitored and recorded in real time via a display screen. When the waste in the collection and distribution box approaches its capacity limit, it can automatically remind staff to handle the waste, further improving disposal efficiency.

[0036] 3. The pretreatment system provided by this invention is equipped with a metal removal unit, which significantly improves the flexibility and continuity of the ferromagnetic material removal process. Compared with traditional electromagnet or permanent magnet adsorption technology, this unit avoids frequent power outages, and the ferromagnetic material will automatically fall into the corresponding recovery chamber under the magnetic field generated by the system and its own gravity, reducing energy loss and manual operation, thereby ensuring the high efficiency and stability of the sorting process.

[0037] 4. The pretreatment system provided by this invention is equipped with a dust collection unit, which can effectively reduce dust generation inside the equipment and improve air quality. Furthermore, the top of the collection box is connected to a solar power generation system, converting solar energy into electrical energy, reducing energy consumption of the processing equipment, lowering the overall system energy consumption, and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0038] 5. Traditional methods for handling construction and renovation waste suffer from problems such as classification based on single materials, complex operations, and high operating costs. The pretreatment system provided by this invention integrates a delivery unit, a crushing unit, a spiral screening unit, an airflow separation unit, a metal removal unit, a sorting unit, and a dust collection unit, achieving integrated and efficient processing of construction and renovation waste. This simple and integrated processing method improves the waste treatment system, increases processing efficiency, and conserves resources.

[0039] 6. By leveraging the advantages of pre-treatment systems, construction and renovation waste can be recycled, reducing dependence on natural resources. This helps improve urban environmental quality, reduce waste, and create a better future. Simultaneously, pre-treatment systems also have the function of real-time monitoring and recording of construction and renovation waste generation, providing data support for metered charging, encouraging waste sorting and waste reduction, and promoting sustainable urban development. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the preprocessing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the delivery unit in the preprocessing system of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the delivery box transmission operation in the delivery unit of the preprocessing system in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral screening unit and the airflow separation unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a top view of the spiral screening unit and the airflow separation unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field of the metal unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the composition of the sorting unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 10 This is a side view of the feeding box in the feeding unit of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 11 This is a top view of the transport and distribution box in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the display screen in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the processing flow in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0053] Numbering on the map:

[0054] 1-Distribution box, 101-Distribution box body, 102-Inlet, 103-Main conveyor belt, 104-First recycling chamber, 105-Second recycling chamber, 106-Third recycling chamber, 107-Fourth recycling chamber, 108-Fifth recycling chamber, 109-Sixth recycling chamber, 110-Chutter, 111-Recycling chamber, 112-Weighbridge weighing component, 113-Electric screw pump, 114-Display screen, 115-Bracket, 116-Column, 2-Crushing unit, 201-Crushing box body, 202-Crushing roller, 3-Feeding unit, 301-Lifting track, 302-Feeding box, 303-Weight sensor, 304-Volume sensor, 305-Feeding box body, 306- Feeding gate, 307-Hydraulic tilting rod, 308-Infrared sensor, 309-Fixed shaft, 4-Spiral screening unit, 401-Spiral idler roller, 402-Lightweight plastic conveyor belt, 5-Airflow sorting unit, 501-First air separation mechanism, 502-Second air separation mechanism, 6-Metal removal unit, 601-Ferrite core, 602-Electrified solenoid, 603-Ferromagnetic material outer tube, 7-Sorting unit, 701-Feed inlet, 702-Infrared transmitter, 703-Infrared receiver, 704-Robotic arm, 705-Discharge outlet, 706-Sorting conveyor belt, 8-Dust collection unit, 801-Gear sorter, 802-Dust collection equipment, 803-Dust removal pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0055] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0056] Unless otherwise specified in this technical solution, the component model, material name, connection structure, control method, and other features are considered to be common technical features disclosed in the prior art.

[0057] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0058] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; they can refer to a bolted connection or a welded connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0059] To efficiently separate construction and renovation waste of different components, maximize resource utilization, and promote source reduction of construction and renovation waste, this invention provides an intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste. The structure of this system can be found in [link to system description]. Figures 1 to 12 As shown, it includes:

[0060] The distribution box 1 includes a distribution box body 101, a feed inlet 102 located at the top of the distribution box body 101, a plurality of recycling chambers 111 located inside the distribution box body 101, and a main conveyor belt 103 located above the recycling chambers 111.

[0061] Crushing unit 2, which is connected to the feed inlet 102 and crushes construction and decoration waste;

[0062] A delivery unit 3 is located on the side of the collection and distribution box 101 to transport construction and decoration waste to the crushing unit 2;

[0063] Located below the feed inlet 102, the spiral screening unit 4 is used to screen recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red brick with a particle size of 5mm-32mm from the construction and decoration waste to the first recycling chamber 104. Particles with a particle size of less than or equal to 5mm pass through the pores of the spiral screening unit and fall into the main conveyor belt 103 below. Lightweight construction and decoration waste bags with a particle size greater than 32mm are transported to the spiral screening unit 4 of the second recycling chamber 105 via the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402.

[0064] Airflow separation unit 5 is used to separate plastics and lightweight waste wood from construction and decoration waste processed by spiral screening unit 4 from the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0065] Metal removal unit 6 is used to screen metals in construction and renovation waste to the corresponding recycling chamber 111;

[0066] A sorting unit 7 is connected to the metal removal unit 6 and is used to sort brittle and photosensitive materials (such as glass and gypsum) in the construction and decoration waste to the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0067] The system includes a dust collection unit 8 connected to the sorting unit 7 and used to collect recycled fine aggregates from the construction and decoration waste into the corresponding sixth recycling chamber 109, and to collect recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder into the corresponding recycling chamber 111. The spiral screening unit 4, airflow sorting unit 5, metal removal unit 6, and sorting unit 7 are installed on the main conveyor belt 103, and the dust collection unit 8 is located beside the main conveyor belt 103.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the construction and renovation waste includes, but is not limited to, recycled concrete coarse aggregate, red bricks, plastics, lightweight waste wood, metals, glass, gypsum, recycled fine aggregate, recycled putty powder, and recycled slag powder. In practice, each processing system can be added or removed as needed. For example, when the construction and renovation waste does not contain metals, the metal removal unit can be removed. For instance, when there are many lightweight wastes in the construction and renovation waste, the airflow sorting unit 5 can be equipped with various structural components with different wind forces connected in series to remove different lightweight wastes.

[0069] In this embodiment, the distribution box 1 includes, but is not limited to, exterior wall panels and interior wall panels. The exterior wall panels are made of galvanized steel sheets, which have good weather resistance and corrosion resistance, effectively protecting the interior of the distribution box 1 from the influence of the external environment, while also preventing garbage leakage and the intrusion of external objects. The interior wall panels are made of fiberboard, which can reduce noise, eliminate odors, and are easy to clean.

[0070] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, the spiral screening unit 4 includes a spiral idler roller 401 located below the feed inlet 102 (i.e., the crushing unit 2) and a lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402 located on one side (along its axial direction) of the spiral idler roller 401. The main conveyor belt 103 is located below the spiral idler roller 401.

[0071] In this embodiment, the spiral screening unit 4 performs three-stage screening of construction and decoration waste. Specifically, the construction and decoration waste has passed through the crushing unit 2 before being screened by the spiral screening unit 4. The crushed construction and decoration waste can be divided into the following three types: (1) lightweight decoration waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm; (2) recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size range of 5mm-32mm; (3) other construction and decoration waste with a particle size smaller than 5mm. When the crushed construction and decoration waste enters the spiral screening unit 4 from the crushing unit 2, the spiral roller 401 operates at a preset speed and spacing. Construction and decoration waste with a particle size of less than 5mm will fall into the main conveyor belt 103 below through the gaps, while recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm will enter the first recycling chamber 104 to the left through the rotation of the spiral roller 401. At the same time, lightweight plastic garbage bags with a particle size greater than 32mm will eventually enter the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402 located on one side of the axial direction of the spiral roller 401 due to the combined effect of airflow generated by the fast-running spiral roller 401, and then be transported (to the right) to the second recycling chamber 105.

[0072] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 As shown, the airflow sorting unit 5 includes a first air separation mechanism 501 located on one side of the main conveyor belt 103 and above the second recovery chamber 105, and a second air separation mechanism 502 located above the third recovery chamber 106, connected to the first air separation mechanism 501, and having a wind force greater than that of the first air separation mechanism 501.

[0073] In this embodiment, the airflow sorting unit 5 employs precise airflow speed and direction control to achieve effective separation of plastic and lightweight waste wood on the main conveyor belt 103. When construction and decoration waste enters the front end of the airflow sorting unit 5 via the main conveyor belt 103 and the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402, i.e., the location of the first air separation mechanism 501, the plastic, being lightweight and having a low density, will be affected by the wind force generated by the first air separation mechanism 501 and fall into the second recycling chamber 105. Then, the remaining construction and decoration waste is conveyed to the location of the second air separation mechanism 502. The lightweight waste wood, due to its higher density and mass than the plastic, will not be sorted by the first air separation mechanism 501. Furthermore, the wind force of the second air separation mechanism 502 is greater than that of the first air separation mechanism 501. Therefore, the lightweight waste wood will be affected by the wind force generated by the second air separation mechanism 502 and fall into the third recycling chamber 106. In the airflow sorting unit 5, some of the dust materials such as recycled slag powder and recycled putty powder can enter the dust collection device 802 through the dust removal pipe 803 connected to the negative pressure vacuum cleaner at the top based on the airflow action. The remaining construction and decoration waste, due to its large air resistance, can be stably maintained in the airflow sorting unit 5 and conveyed to the next stage system.

[0074] In this embodiment, the first air separation mechanism 501 is preferably a first centrifugal fan, and the second air separation mechanism 502 is preferably a second centrifugal fan. The wind speeds of the first and second centrifugal fans are 1-5 m / s and 6-30 m / s, respectively, and the wind direction is 0-45° to the main conveyor belt 103. This wind direction setting can effectively reduce energy consumption and maximize the separation efficiency of dust, plastic, and wood. Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that the first centrifugal fan is only one preferred embodiment of the first air separation mechanism 501, and the second centrifugal fan is only one preferred embodiment of the second air separation mechanism 502. Other existing or future components or designs with similar functions to the first or second centrifugal fan that achieve the same function, if applicable to this application, should also be included within the scope of protection of this application and are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0075] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the metal removal unit 6 includes a plurality of ferrite cores 601 disposed on both sides of the main conveyor belt 103, an energized solenoid 602 disposed around the ferrite cores 601, and an outer ferromagnetic material tube 603 disposed around the energized solenoid 602.

[0076] In this embodiment, a strong uniform magnetic field is generated above the main conveyor belt 103 of the fourth recycling chamber 107 within the height range of the energized solenoid 602, and a non-uniform field is generated beyond the height of the energized solenoid 602. This causes the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste to first move vertically within the vertical height range (the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste overcomes its own gravity under the action of the magnetic field force and moves vertically upward within the height range of the energized solenoid). Subsequently, when the ferromagnetic metal enters the non-uniform field, it moves away from the short sides of the main conveyor belt 103 (the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste is a non-uniform material, so it deviates from the short sides of the main conveyor belt 103 under the combined action of the magnetic field force and its own gravity outside the height range of the energized solenoid). This effectively separates the ferromagnetic metal, while the remaining construction waste is conveyed to the next stage system. Because the energized solenoid 602 has a precisely set magnetic field force magnitude and direction, it prevents the ferromagnetic metal from falling (or being attracted) to the top of the ferromagnetic material outer tube 603. A ferrite core 601 is installed at the center of the energized solenoid 602 to enhance electromagnetic induction and concentrate magnetic field lines. When current flows through the solenoid 602, an electromagnetic field is generated. The ferrite core 601 has high permeability and low hysteresis characteristics, which can effectively guide and concentrate magnetic field lines, making the electromagnetic field stronger and concentrated in the central region of the solenoid 602. This improves the efficiency and performance of the solenoid 602 and enhances its force on ferromagnetic metals. Secondly, the ferrite core 601 can reduce energy loss during the transmission process of the solenoid 602. The electromagnetic field generated by the solenoid 602 radiates outward. Without the concentrating effect of the ferrite core 601, the magnetic field distribution would be relatively dispersed, resulting in some energy loss and waste. The guiding effect of the ferrite core 601 can better concentrate the magnetic field lines around the energized solenoid 602. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the ferromagnetic metal material can better overcome its own gravity and fall into the fourth recovery chamber 107, reducing energy loss and improving the system's energy efficiency. An outer ferromagnetic material tube 603 is installed outside the energized solenoid 602 to enhance the concentration of the electromagnetic field. The ferromagnetic material has high permeability, which can better concentrate the magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid 602 around it. This increases the strength and density of the magnetic field, improving the electromagnetic performance of the energized solenoid 602. Furthermore, the outer ferromagnetic material tube 603 can provide magnetic shielding protection, effectively absorbing and shielding external magnetic field interference, preventing these interfering magnetic fields from adversely affecting the energized solenoid 602. Simultaneously, it can concentrate the magnetic field inside the energized solenoid 602 into a designated area, reducing unnecessary interference to the surrounding environment.Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that the ferrite core 601, the energized solenoid 602, and the ferromagnetic outer tube 603 are only preferred embodiments of one aspect of the non-metal unit 6. Other existing or future components or designs that have similar functions to the ferrite core 601, the energized solenoid 602, and the ferromagnetic outer tube 603, if applicable to this application, should also be included within the scope of protection of this application, and are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0077] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 8 As shown, the sorting unit 7 includes an inlet 701 on the main conveyor belt 103, an infrared emitter 702 located above the main conveyor belt 103 and next to the inlet 701, an infrared receiver 703 located directly below the infrared emitter 702, a plurality of robotic arms 704 located between the infrared emitter 702 and the infrared receiver 703, and an outlet 705 located next to the robotic arms 704.

[0078] In this embodiment, when construction and renovation waste passes through the sorting unit 7, the infrared emitter 702 emits light rays. Glass and plaster containing photosensitive materials receive and reflect these light rays back to the infrared receiver 703. The infrared receiver 703 is electrically connected to the robotic arm 704, which is equipped with a microprocessor chip. When the robotic arm 704 recognizes the electrical signal transmitted by the infrared receiver 703, it operates to grasp the glass and plaster onto the symmetrically distributed sorting conveyor belts 706 on both sides below, and then transports them to the fifth recycling chamber 108 via the conveyor belts. It should be noted that the use of infrared emitters 702 and infrared receivers 703 to identify specific photosensitive materials is prior art in this field.

[0079] Furthermore, as brittle photosensitive materials, glass and plaster will shatter upon impact when dropped from a height. The introduction of the sorting conveyor belt 706 can reduce the drop height, mitigate the damage to glass and plaster caused by impact, and maintain the integrity of the photosensitive material.

[0080] Furthermore, the robotic arm is equipped with a weight sensor that can detect the weight of the glass and plaster it grasps, and calculate the removal rate of the photosensitive material by superimposing the weights. For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 As shown, the dust collection unit 8 includes a gear sorting machine 801 located diagonally below the main conveyor belt 103, a dust collection device 802 located above the gear sorting machine 801, and a dust removal pipe 803 located on the top of the collection box 101 and connected to the dust collection device 802.

[0081] In this embodiment, the gear air classifier 801 sorts the remaining construction and decoration waste conveyed by the main conveyor belt 103, directly transferring the recycled fine aggregate to the sixth recycling chamber 109, and suspending and separating the recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder to the dust collection device 802 using the characteristics of airflow. A dust removal pipe 803 is provided at the top of the collection box 101. The dust collection device 802 consists of a vacuum cleaner and a compressor. The vacuum cleaner generates high-speed rotation through a powerful motor, and the resulting suction force quickly extracts the recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder generated in the collection box 101 through the dust removal pipe 803. The compressor compresses the collected recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder before accumulating it in the corresponding recycling chamber 111. This compression process reduces the volume of waste, effectively saving storage space, facilitating subsequent processing and transportation, greatly improving work efficiency, reducing maintenance costs, and minimizing the impact of dust diffusion on operators during the cleaning process. The dust collection device 802 used here is also a conventional device in the art, and the device itself is not an innovative point of protection of this invention.

[0082] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 As shown, the crushing unit 2 includes a crushing box 201 connected to the feed inlet 102, and a plurality of crushing rollers 202 disposed in the crushing box 201.

[0083] In this embodiment, the crushing roller 202 contains a bag-breaking device that can separate construction and decoration waste from the bag, crushing it into lightweight construction and decoration waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm, recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm, and construction and decoration waste particles with a particle size of less than 5mm. The bag-breaking device is a bag breaker or blade installed on a gear mechanism, which can cut the bag and allow the construction and decoration waste to be dumped smoothly.

[0084] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, the delivery unit 3 includes a lifting rail 301 disposed on the side of the collection box 101 and connected to the crushing unit 2, a delivery box 302 installed on the lifting rail 301, and a weight sensor 303 disposed at the bottom of the delivery box 302 and a volume sensor 304 disposed at the top.

[0085] In this embodiment, the delivery box 302 includes a delivery box body 305, a delivery door 306 disposed at one end of the delivery box body 305, a hydraulic flipping rod 307 mounted on the delivery door 306, and an infrared sensor 308 disposed on the delivery door 306.

[0086] The hydraulic tilting lever 307 controls the opening and closing of the feeding gate 306. The feeding gate 306 is used by residents to dispose of construction and decoration waste. When a resident approaches the feeding gate 306, the infrared sensor 308 identifies that the resident is within the scope of use, and the hydraulic tilting lever 307 controls the feeding gate 306 to open. After the disposal is completed, the feeding gate 306 closes when the resident moves away.

[0087] In this embodiment, when the weight sensor 303 detects that the weight of the construction and decoration waste reaches 90% of the limit weight, or when the volume sensor 304 detects that the volume of the construction and decoration waste reaches 85% of the maximum volume of the collection and distribution box 101, the delivery box 302 is conveyed to the crushing unit 2 via the lifting track 301.

[0088] For some specific implementation methods, please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the recycling chamber 111 includes a first recycling chamber 104 connected to the spiral screening unit 4, a second recycling chamber 105 and a third recycling chamber 106 connected to the airflow sorting unit 5, a fourth recycling chamber 107 connected to the metal removal unit 6, a fifth recycling chamber 108 connected to the sorting unit 7, and a sixth recycling chamber 109 connected to the bottom of the dust collection unit 8.

[0089] Weighbridge weighing components 112 are respectively installed below the first recycling chamber 104, the second recycling chamber 105, the third recycling chamber 106, the fourth recycling chamber 107, the fifth recycling chamber 108, and the sixth recycling chamber 109;

[0090] The distribution box 1 also includes several sliding grooves 110 at the bottom of the distribution box body 101 and an electric spiral pump 113 on the side of the distribution box body 101. The electric spiral pump 113 is mounted on the column 116.

[0091] In this embodiment, the bottom of the distribution box 101 is also equipped with rollers. An electric screw pump 113 acts on the bracket 115 on the distribution box 101, thereby driving the rollers to move back and forth along the matching slide groove 110. This makes the distribution box 101 easier to operate during transportation and unloading, and allows for more convenient and flexible movement of the box. The slide groove 110 guides the movement of the rollers, allowing the distribution box 101 to smoothly slide into and out of the transport vehicle without requiring a large amount of manual pushing, thus reducing the complexity and physical demands of manual operation. Please see again... Figure 12 As shown, a display screen 114 is also provided next to the weighbridge weighing device 112, which is used to display the recycling weight and carbon reduction of the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0092] In some specific embodiments, the preprocessing system further includes a control unit, which in this embodiment is a computer, and the control unit includes the following functions:

[0093] Used to control the operation and stop of crushing unit 2 and feeding unit 3;

[0094] Used to control the rotational speed of the crushing roller 202;

[0095] Used to receive signals transmitted by infrared sensor 308 and transmit them to hydraulic tilting rod 307; used to receive signals transmitted by weight sensor 303 or volume sensor 304 and control the lifting and lowering of delivery box 302.

[0096] Used to control the operation and stop of the spiral screening unit 4;

[0097] Used to control the running speed of the spiral idler 401 and the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402;

[0098] Used to control the operation and stop of the main conveyor belt 103;

[0099] Used to control the wind speed and direction of the first wind separation mechanism 501 and the second wind separation mechanism 502;

[0100] Used to control the magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid 602;

[0101] The microprocessor chip used to transmit the electrical signal output by the infrared receiver 703 to the robotic arm 704 and control the operation of the robotic arm 704.

[0102] Used to control the operation and stop of the sorting conveyor belt 706;

[0103] Used to control the operation of gear air separator 801 and dust collection equipment 802;

[0104] Used to control the operation of electric screw pump 113.

[0105] A second aspect of this invention provides an intelligent treatment process for construction and renovation waste, which is implemented using the aforementioned intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste, and includes the following steps:

[0106] S1, the weight sensor 303 and the volume sensor 304 monitor the construction and decoration waste in the delivery box 302. When the weight or volume of the construction and decoration waste meets the set value, the delivery box 302 is conveyed to the crushing unit 2 via the lifting rail 301.

[0107] S2, the crushing box 201 of the crushing unit 2 receives construction and decoration waste and crushes it by the crushing roller 202. Then, the spiral screening unit 4 screens the recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks in the construction and decoration waste to the first recycling chamber 104, sorts the lightweight decoration waste plastic bags to the second recycling chamber 105, and the remaining construction and decoration waste falls onto the main conveyor belt 103.

[0108] S3, construction and decoration waste passes through the airflow sorting unit 5 on the main conveyor belt 103. The first air separation mechanism 501 separates the plastic in the construction and decoration waste to the second recycling chamber 105. The second air separation mechanism 502 separates the lightweight waste wood to the third recycling chamber 106. Then, it passes through the metal removal unit 6. The energized solenoid 602 separates the ferromagnetic metal in the construction and decoration waste to the fourth recycling chamber 107. Then, it passes through the sorting unit 7. The robotic arm 704 sorts the glass and gypsum in the construction and decoration waste to the fifth recycling chamber 108. Then, it passes through the sixth recycling chamber to collect recycled fine aggregate. Finally, the dust generated in the collection and distribution box 101, including recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder, is collected by the dust collection unit 8.

[0109] S4, when the weighbridge 112 detects that the construction and decoration waste in the collection and distribution box 101 meets the set value, the staff uses the electric screw pump 113 to move the collection and distribution box 101 along the chute 110 to the construction waste transfer vehicle and then dump it to the treatment point to discharge the pre-treated construction and decoration waste.

[0110] Each of the above implementation methods can be implemented individually, or in any combination of two or more.

[0111] The above implementation methods will be described in more detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0112] Example 1

[0113] To efficiently separate construction and renovation waste of different components, maximize resource utilization, and promote source reduction of construction and renovation waste, this embodiment provides an intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste. The structure of this system can be found in [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 12 As shown, it includes:

[0114] The distribution box 1 includes a distribution box body 101, a feed inlet 102 located at the top of the distribution box body 101, a plurality of recycling chambers 111 located inside the distribution box body 101, and a main conveyor belt 103 located above the recycling chambers 111.

[0115] Crushing unit 2, which is connected to feed inlet 102 and crushes construction and decoration waste;

[0116] A delivery unit 3 is located on the side of the collection and distribution box 101 to transport construction and decoration waste to the crushing unit 2;

[0117] Located below the feed inlet 102, the spiral screening unit 4 is used to screen recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red brick with a particle size of 5mm-32mm from the construction and decoration waste to the first recycling chamber 104. Particles with a particle size of less than or equal to 5mm pass through the pores of the spiral screening unit and fall into the main conveyor belt 103 below. Bags of lightweight construction and decoration waste with a particle size greater than 32mm are transported to the spiral screening unit 4 of the second recycling chamber 105 via the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402.

[0118] Airflow separation unit 5 is used to separate plastics and lightweight waste wood from construction and decoration waste processed by spiral screening unit 4 from the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0119] Metal removal unit 6 is used to screen metals in construction and renovation waste to the corresponding recycling chamber 111;

[0120] Sorting unit 7 is used to screen glass and plaster from construction and renovation waste to the corresponding recycling chamber 111;

[0121] The system includes a dust collection unit 8 connected to the sorting unit 7 and used to collect recycled fine aggregates from the construction and decoration waste into the corresponding sixth recycling chamber 109, and to collect recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder into the corresponding recycling chamber 111. The spiral screening unit 4, airflow sorting unit 5, metal removal unit 6, and sorting unit 7 are installed on the main conveyor belt 103, and the dust collection unit 8 is located beside the main conveyor belt 103.

[0122] In this embodiment, the top of the distribution box 1 is connected to a solar power generation system. By converting solar energy into electrical energy, the energy consumption of each unit of this pretreatment system is reduced, the energy consumption of the entire system is reduced, and the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction is achieved.

[0123] In this embodiment, the distribution box 1 includes, but is not limited to, exterior wall panels and interior wall panels. The exterior wall panels are made of galvanized steel sheets, which have good weather resistance and corrosion resistance, effectively protecting the interior of the distribution box 1 from the influence of the external environment, while also preventing garbage leakage and the intrusion of external objects. The interior wall panels are made of fiberboard, which can achieve the purposes of reducing noise, eliminating odors, and being easy to clean.

[0124] Please see again. Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, the spiral screening unit 4 includes a spiral roller 401 located below the feed inlet 102 (i.e., crushing unit 2) and a lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402 located on one side (along its axial direction) of the spiral roller 401. The main conveyor belt 103 is located below the spiral roller 401. In this embodiment, the spiral screening unit 4 performs three-stage screening of construction and decoration waste. Specifically, the construction and decoration waste has passed through the crushing unit 2 before entering the spiral screening unit 4. The crushed construction and decoration waste can be divided into the following three types: (1) lightweight decoration waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm; (2) recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size range of 5mm-32mm; (3) other construction and decoration waste with a particle size smaller than 5mm. When the crushed construction and decoration waste enters the spiral screening unit 4 from the crushing unit 2, the spiral roller 401 operates at a preset speed and spacing. Construction and decoration waste with a particle size of less than 5mm will fall into the main conveyor belt 103 below through the gaps, while recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm will enter the first recycling chamber 104 to the left through the rotation of the spiral roller 401. At the same time, lightweight plastic garbage bags with a particle size greater than 32mm will eventually enter the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402 located on one side of the axial direction of the spiral roller 401 due to the combined effect of airflow generated by the fast-running spiral roller 401, and then be transported (to the right) to the second recycling chamber 105.

[0125] Please see again. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the airflow sorting unit 5 includes a first air separation mechanism 501 located on one side of the main conveyor belt 103 and above the first recycling chamber 104, and a second air separation mechanism 502 located above the second recycling chamber 105, connected to the first air separation mechanism 501, and having a wind force greater than that of the first air separation mechanism 501.

[0126] In this embodiment, the airflow sorting unit 5 employs precise airflow speed and direction control to achieve effective separation of plastic and lightweight waste wood on the main conveyor belt 103. When construction and decoration waste enters the front end of the airflow sorting unit 5 via the main conveyor belt 103 and the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402, i.e., the location of the first air separation mechanism 501, the plastic, being lightweight and having a low density, will be affected by the wind force generated by the first air separation mechanism 501 and fall into the second recycling chamber 105. Then, the remaining construction and decoration waste is conveyed to the location of the second air separation mechanism 502. The lightweight waste wood, due to its higher density and mass than the plastic, will not be sorted by the first air separation mechanism 501. Furthermore, the wind force of the second air separation mechanism 502 is greater than that of the first air separation mechanism 501. Therefore, the lightweight waste wood will be affected by the wind force generated by the second air separation mechanism 502 and fall into the third recycling chamber 106. In the airflow sorting unit 5, some of the dust, such as recycled slag powder and recycled putty powder, will enter the dust collection device 802 through the dust removal pipe 803 connected to the negative pressure vacuum cleaner at the top due to the airflow. The remaining construction and decoration waste, due to its greater air resistance, can be stably maintained in the airflow sorting unit 5 and conveyed to the next stage system.

[0127] In this embodiment, the first air separation mechanism 501 is preferably a first centrifugal fan, and the second air separation mechanism 502 is preferably a second centrifugal fan. The wind speeds of the first centrifugal fan and the second centrifugal fan are 3m / s and 18m / s, respectively, and the wind direction is at 30° to the main conveyor belt 103. This wind direction setting can effectively reduce energy consumption and maximize the separation efficiency of dust, plastic and wood.

[0128] Please see again. Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the metal unit 6 includes several ferrite cores 601 disposed on both sides of the main conveyor belt 103, an energized solenoid 602 disposed around the ferrite cores 601, and an outer tube 603 of ferromagnetic material disposed around the energized solenoid 602.

[0129] In this embodiment, a strong uniform magnetic field within the height range of the energized solenoid 602 and a non-uniform field exceeding the height of the energized solenoid 602 are generated above the main conveyor belt 103 of the fourth recycling chamber 107. This causes the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste to first move vertically within the vertical height range (the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste overcomes its own gravity under the action of the magnetic field and moves vertically upwards within the height range of the energized solenoid). Subsequently, when the ferromagnetic metal enters the non-uniform field, it moves away from the short sides of the main conveyor belt 103 (the ferromagnetic metal in the construction waste is a non-uniform material, therefore, outside the height range of the energized solenoid, it is deviated towards the short sides of the main conveyor belt 103 under the combined action of the magnetic field and its own gravity). This effectively separates the ferromagnetic metal, while the remaining construction waste is conveyed to the next stage system. Because the energized solenoid 602 has a precisely set magnetic field strength and direction, it prevents the ferromagnetic metal from falling (or being attracted) to the top of the ferromagnetic material outer tube 603. A ferrite core 601 is installed at the center of the energized solenoid 602 to enhance electromagnetic induction and concentrate magnetic field lines. When current flows through the solenoid 602, an electromagnetic field is generated. The ferrite core 601 has high permeability and low hysteresis characteristics, which can effectively guide and concentrate magnetic field lines, making the electromagnetic field stronger and concentrated in the central region of the solenoid 602. This improves the efficiency and performance of the solenoid 602 and enhances its force on ferromagnetic metals. Secondly, the ferrite core 601 can reduce energy loss during the transmission process of the solenoid 602. The electromagnetic field generated by the solenoid 602 radiates outward. Without the concentrating effect of the ferrite core 601, the magnetic field distribution would be relatively dispersed, resulting in some energy loss and waste. The guiding effect of the ferrite core 601 can better concentrate the magnetic field lines around the energized solenoid 602. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the ferromagnetic metal material can better overcome its own gravity and fall into the fourth recovery chamber 107, reducing energy loss and improving the system's energy efficiency. An outer ferromagnetic material tube 603 is installed outside the energized solenoid 602 to enhance the concentration of the electromagnetic field. The ferromagnetic material has high permeability, which can better concentrate the magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid 602 around it. This increases the strength and density of the magnetic field, improving the electromagnetic performance of the energized solenoid 602. Furthermore, the outer ferromagnetic material tube 603 can provide magnetic shielding protection, effectively absorbing and shielding external magnetic field interference, preventing these interfering magnetic fields from adversely affecting the energized solenoid 602. Simultaneously, it can concentrate the magnetic field inside the energized solenoid 602 into a designated area, reducing unnecessary interference to the surrounding environment.

[0130] Furthermore, assuming the solenoid length is L and the diameter is D, the formula for calculating the magnetic induction intensity of a uniform magnetic field is as follows:

[0131]

[0132] Where I is the excitation current, n is the number of turns per unit length, and μ0 is the permeability.

[0133] The formula for calculating magnetic force is:

[0134] F B =BIL

[0135] In order to levitate and eject ferromagnetic metallic substances, the total magnetic force F B It must be at least equal to the object's weight:

[0136]

[0137] The formula for calculating the excitation current is:

[0138]

[0139] Please see again. Figure 1 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, the sorting unit 7 includes a sorting bracket through which the main conveyor belt passes, an infrared transmitter 702 located above the main conveyor belt 103 and next to the inlet 701 of the sorting bracket (i.e., the position where the main conveyor belt 103 just enters the sorting bracket), an infrared receiver 703 located directly below the infrared transmitter 702, and several robotic arms 704 located on both sides of the main conveyor belt 103. A sorting conveyor belt 706 is also provided next to the main conveyor belt 103 for receiving and conveying the materials sorted by the robotic arms 704. The remaining waste after sorting is sent out from the outlet 705 (i.e., the position where the main conveyor belt 103 leaves the sorting bracket) via the main conveyor belt 103.

[0140] In this embodiment, when construction and decoration waste passes through the sorting unit 7, the infrared emitter 702 emits light rays. The glass and plaster containing photosensitive materials receive and reflect the light rays back to the infrared receiver 703. The infrared receiver 703 is electrically connected to the robotic arm 704. The robotic arm 704 is equipped with a microprocessor chip. When the robotic arm 704 recognizes the electrical signal transmitted by the infrared receiver 703, the robotic arm 704 works to grab the glass and plaster to the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0141] Furthermore, as brittle photosensitive materials, glass and plaster will shatter upon impact when dropped from a height. The introduction of the sorting conveyor belt 706 can reduce the drop height, mitigate the damage to glass and plaster caused by impact, and maintain the integrity of the photosensitive material.

[0142] Furthermore, the robotic arm is equipped with a weight sensor that can detect the weight of the glass and plaster it grasps, and calculate the removal rate of the photosensitive material by superimposing the data.

[0143] Please see again. Figure 1 As shown, the dust collection unit 8 includes a gear sorter 801 located diagonally below the main conveyor belt 103, a dust collection device 802 located above the gear sorter 801, and a dust removal pipe 803 located on the top of the collection box 101 and connected to the dust collection device 802.

[0144] In this embodiment, the gear air separator 801 sorts the remaining construction and decoration waste conveyed by the main conveyor belt 103, directly transferring the recycled fine aggregate to the sixth recycling chamber 109, and suspending and separating the recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder to the dust collection device 802 using the characteristics of airflow. A dust removal pipe 803 is provided at the top of the collection box 101. The dust collection device 802 consists of a vacuum cleaner and a compressor. The vacuum cleaner, powered by a powerful motor, rotates at high speed, and the resulting suction force quickly extracts the recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder generated in the collection box 101 through the dust removal pipe 803. The compressor compresses the collected recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder before accumulating it in the corresponding recycling chamber 111. This compression process reduces the volume of waste, effectively saving storage space and facilitating subsequent processing and transportation. It greatly improves work efficiency, reduces maintenance costs, and minimizes the impact of dust diffusion during the cleaning process on operators.

[0145] Please see again. Figure 1 As shown, the crushing unit 2 includes a crushing box 201 connected to the feed inlet 102, and a plurality of crushing rollers 202 disposed in the crushing box 201.

[0146] In this embodiment, the crushing roller 202 contains a bag-breaking device that can separate construction and decoration waste from the bag, crushing it into lightweight construction and decoration waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm, recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm, and construction and decoration waste particles with a particle size of less than 5mm. The bag-breaking device is a bag breaker or blade installed on a gear mechanism, which can cut the bag and allow the construction and decoration waste to be dumped smoothly.

[0147] Please see again. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, the delivery unit 3 includes a lifting rail 301 located on the side of the collection box 101 and connected to the crushing unit 2, a delivery box 302 installed on the lifting rail 301, and a weight sensor 303 located at the bottom of the delivery box 302 and a volume sensor 304 located directly above the top.

[0148] In this embodiment, the delivery box 302 includes a delivery box body 305, a delivery door 306 disposed at one end of the delivery box body 305, a hydraulic flipping rod 307 mounted on the delivery door 306, and an infrared sensor 308 disposed on the delivery door 306.

[0149] The hydraulic tilting lever 307 controls the opening and closing of the feeding gate 306. The feeding gate 306 is used by residents to dispose of construction and decoration waste. When a resident approaches the feeding gate 306, the infrared sensor 308 identifies that the resident is within the scope of use, and the hydraulic tilting lever 307 controls the feeding gate 306 to open. After the disposal is completed, the feeding gate 306 closes when the resident moves away.

[0150] In this embodiment, when the weight sensor 303 detects that the weight of the construction and decoration waste reaches 90% of the maximum weight, or when the volume sensor 304 detects that the volume of the construction and decoration waste reaches 85% of the maximum volume of the collection and distribution box 101, the delivery box 302 is conveyed to the crushing unit 2 via the lifting track 301.

[0151] Please see again. Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the recycling chamber 111 includes a first recycling chamber 104 connected to the spiral screening unit 4, a second recycling chamber 105 connected to the airflow separation unit 5, a third recycling chamber 106 connected to the airflow separation unit 5, a fourth recycling chamber 107 connected to the metal removal unit 6, a fifth recycling chamber 108 connected to the sorting unit 7, and a sixth recycling chamber 109 connected to the bottom of the dust collection unit 8.

[0152] Weighbridge weighing components 112 are respectively installed below the first recycling chamber 104, the second recycling chamber 105, the third recycling chamber 106, the fourth recycling chamber 107, the fifth recycling chamber 108, and the sixth recycling chamber 109;

[0153] The distribution box 1 also includes several sliding grooves 110 at the bottom of the distribution box body 101 and an electric spiral pump 113 on the side of the distribution box body 101. The electric spiral pump 113 is mounted on the column 116.

[0154] In this embodiment, the bottom of the distribution box 101 is also equipped with rollers. An electric screw pump 113 acts on the bracket 115 on the distribution box 101, driving the rollers to move back and forth along the matching slide groove 110. This makes the distribution box 101 easier to operate during transportation and unloading, and allows for more convenient and flexible movement of the box. The slide groove 110 guides the rollers, allowing the distribution box 101 to smoothly slide into and out of the transport vehicle without requiring a large amount of manual pushing, thus reducing the complexity and physical demands of manual operation. Please see again... Figure 12As shown, a display screen 114 is also provided next to the weighbridge weighing device 112, which is used to display the recycling weight and carbon reduction of the corresponding recycling chamber 111.

[0155] In some specific implementations, the preprocessing system further includes a control unit, which in this embodiment is a computer, and the control unit includes the following functions:

[0156] Used to control the operation and stop of crushing unit 2 and feeding unit 3;

[0157] Used to control the rotational speed of the crushing roller 202;

[0158] Used to receive signals transmitted by infrared sensor 308 and transmit them to hydraulic tilting rod 307; used to receive signals transmitted by weight sensor 303 or volume sensor 304 and control the lifting and lowering of delivery box 302.

[0159] Used to control the operation and stop of the spiral screening unit 4;

[0160] Used to control the running speed of the spiral idler 401 and the lightweight plastic conveyor belt 402;

[0161] Used to control the operation and stop of the main conveyor belt 103;

[0162] Used to control the wind speed and direction of the first wind separation mechanism 501 and the second wind separation mechanism 502;

[0163] Used to control the magnetic field generated by the energized solenoid 602;

[0164] The microprocessor chip used to transmit the electrical signal output by the infrared receiver 703 to the robotic arm 704 and control the operation of the robotic arm 704.

[0165] Used to control the operation and stop of the sorting conveyor belt 706;

[0166] Used to control the operation of gear air separator 801 and dust collection equipment 802;

[0167] Used to control the operation of electric screw pump 113.

[0168] Example 2

[0169] This embodiment provides an intelligent treatment process for construction and renovation waste, which is implemented using an intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste from Embodiment 1. Please refer to [link to embodiment]. Figure 13 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0170] S1, the weight sensor 303 and the volume sensor 304 monitor the construction and decoration waste in the delivery box 302. When the weight or volume of the construction and decoration waste meets the set value, the delivery box 302 is conveyed to the crushing unit 2 via the lifting rail 301.

[0171] S2, the crushing box 201 of the crushing unit 2 receives construction and decoration waste and crushes it by the crushing roller 202. Then, the spiral screening unit 4 screens the recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks in the construction and decoration waste to the first recycling chamber 104, sorts the lightweight decoration waste plastic bags to the second recycling chamber 105, and the remaining construction and decoration waste falls onto the main conveyor belt 103.

[0172] S3, construction and decoration waste passes through the airflow sorting unit 5 on the main conveyor belt 103. The first air separation mechanism 501 separates the plastic in the construction and decoration waste to the second recycling chamber 105. The second air separation mechanism 502 separates the lightweight waste wood to the third recycling chamber 106. Then, it passes through the metal removal unit 6. The energized solenoid 602 separates the ferromagnetic metal in the construction and decoration waste to the fourth recycling chamber 107. Then, it passes through the sorting unit 7. The robotic arm 704 sorts the glass and gypsum in the construction and decoration waste to the fifth recycling chamber 108. Then, it passes through the sixth recycling chamber to collect recycled fine aggregate. Finally, the dust generated in the collection and distribution box 101, including recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder, is collected by the dust collection unit 8.

[0173] S4, when the weighbridge 112 detects that the construction and decoration waste in the collection and distribution box 101 meets the set value, the staff uses the electric screw pump 113 to move the collection and distribution box 101 along the chute 110 to the construction waste transfer vehicle and then dump it to the treatment point to discharge the pre-treated construction and decoration waste.

[0174] This embodiment provides two application scenarios oriented towards low-carbon emission reduction, based on real-time data such as the amount of construction waste generated collected at the back end of the intelligent pre-treatment system for construction and decoration waste.

[0175] Example 1 is as follows:

[0176] This example is used to assess whether a single renovation process meets the homeowner's renovation needs while achieving low-carbon emission reduction requirements; furthermore, incentive policies such as reduced recycling prices or carbon emission reduction rewards can be offered to relevant homeowners and contractors.

[0177] The calculation is performed using the following method:

[0178] It should be noted that construction and renovation waste passes through various processing units, with each component falling into a different recycling chamber 111. The weighbridge 112 corresponding to each recycling chamber 111 weighs the contents of that chamber, such as the components in the first recycling chamber 104, the second recycling chamber 105, the third recycling chamber 106, the fourth recycling chamber 107, the fifth recycling chamber 108, and the sixth recycling chamber 109. The corresponding weights are displayed on the screen 114 corresponding to each recycling chamber 111.

[0179] Carbon emission estimation uses the carbon emission factor method, as shown in the following formula:

[0180]

[0181] Where E(kg CO2eq) represents the estimated total carbon emissions from the renovation project, and M j (Unit: kg) represents the mass of material j in a single renovation project. This information is obtained from the weighbridge weighing device 112 in the recycling bin. ρ j (Unit: kg / m³) 3 ) represents the density of material j in a single renovation project, e q-j (Unit: kg CO2eq / m³) 3 ) represents the carbon emission coefficient of material j during the decoration process.

[0182] Example 2 is as follows:

[0183] This example applies to the low-carbon optimization of the resource recovery pathway. The main content of this example is to weigh the corresponding mass within each recycling chamber 111 using the weighbridge weighing device 112, combine this mass with basic information about resource recovery enterprises in the surrounding area, and make decisions using methods such as decision trees and reinforcement learning to minimize carbon emissions in subsequent resource recovery processes.

[0184] The specific steps are as follows:

[0185] Step 1

[0186] Construction and renovation waste is processed using the processing technology of this embodiment. The processing system is the intelligent pre-processing system for construction and renovation waste described in Embodiment 1. The weighbridge 112 corresponding to the recycling chamber 111 weighs the mass in the corresponding recycling chamber 111, and finally collects the amount of each component collected in a single recycling.

[0187] Step 2

[0188] Once the mass in the corresponding recycling chamber 111 reaches 90% of the limit mass, the control unit of this system will automatically combine the basic information of the surrounding resource recovery plants to calculate the carbon emissions of each component during the process of transporting it to the corresponding resource recovery project for disposal. Through decision trees, reinforcement learning and other methods, the system will finally select the resource recovery path with the minimum carbon emissions and send the path information to the staff.

[0189] Carbon emissions are calculated using the carbon emission factor method, as shown in the following formula:

[0190] E = ∑E t-j +E r-j ;

[0191] Where E (unit: kg CO2eq) represents the total carbon emissions from all components of construction waste in the recycling bin being transported to resource recovery companies for disposal. t-j and E r-j These represent the carbon emissions during material transportation and resource recovery processes, respectively.

[0192] E t-j =G j ×D j ×e q-t ;

[0193] Among them, G j (Unit: t) represents the transported mass of material j, this information is obtained from weighbridge weighing unit 112; D j (Unit: km) represents the transportation distance between the surrounding resource utilization enterprises capable of absorbing material j and the intelligent distribution box; e q-t (Unit: kgCO2eq / (t·km)) represents the carbon emission factor of transportation. This information is preset into this system with reference to my country's "Building Carbon Emission Standard".

[0194] E r-j =G j ×e q-r ;

[0195] Among them, e q-r (Unit: kg CO2eq / t) represents the carbon emissions generated by recycling a unit mass of construction waste. This information should be collected by nearby recycling companies and entered into this system as a production parameter.

[0196] The introduction of decision trees and reinforcement learning methods takes into account that some resource recovery companies have the ability to handle more than one type of construction waste, which can solve the complex problems brought about by the actual situation.

[0197] Step 3

[0198] After receiving the information, staff went to the site to collect and transport the construction and renovation waste from each group to the corresponding resource recovery plant for disposal, in accordance with the requirements of the optimized plan.

[0199] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent pre-treatment system for construction and renovation waste, characterized in that, include: The distribution box includes a distribution box body, a feed inlet located at the top of the distribution box body, a plurality of recovery chambers located inside the distribution box body, and a main conveyor belt located above the recovery chambers; A crushing unit located at the feed inlet and used for crushing construction and decoration waste; A delivery unit for conveying construction and decoration waste into the feed inlet; The spiral screening unit located below the crushing unit separates lightweight construction waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm, recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks with a particle size of 5mm-32mm, and construction waste particles with a particle size less than or equal to 5mm. The construction waste particles with a particle size less than or equal to 5mm fall onto the main conveyor belt for further processing. An airflow sorting unit that processes construction and decoration waste particles that have been processed by the spiral screening unit on the main conveyor belt; A metal removal unit that performs metal screening on the construction and decoration waste processed by the airflow sorting unit on the main conveyor belt; A sorting unit located behind the metal removal unit and used to sort out brittle, photosensitive substances from construction and decoration waste on the main conveyor belt; And dust collection units for collecting dust; The crushing unit includes a crushing box and at least one pair of parallel-spaced crushing rollers disposed in the crushing box. The crushing rollers are equipped with a bag-breaking structure, forming a crushing channel for compressing and crushing materials between each pair of crushing rollers. The spiral screening unit includes a row of spiral rollers located directly below the crushing unit and a lightweight plastic conveyor belt located next to the spiral rollers. The spiral rollers are located directly above the main conveyor belt. The lightweight plastic conveyor belt is used to receive lightweight construction waste plastic bags with a particle size greater than 32mm that are sorted along the axial direction of the spiral rollers and send them to the recycling chamber corresponding to the airflow sorting unit. The airflow sorting unit includes a first air separation mechanism and a second air separation mechanism arranged sequentially along the moving direction of the main conveyor belt. The first air separation mechanism and the second air separation mechanism are used to blow air separation air onto the main conveyor belt, and the wind force of the second air separation mechanism is greater than that of the first air separation mechanism. The metal removal unit includes magnetic separation components disposed on both sides of the main conveyor belt to help remove ferromagnetic metal substances from the magnetic field of the main conveyor belt. The magnetic separation components include a row of ferrite cores arranged perpendicular to the direction of the main conveyor belt, an energized solenoid arranged around the ferrite cores, and an outer tube of ferromagnetic material surrounding the energized solenoid.

2. The intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting unit includes a sorting bracket through which the main conveyor belt passes, an infrared transmitter and an infrared receiver mounted on the sorting bracket and located above the main conveyor belt, and several robotic arms mounted on the sorting bracket and located on both sides of the main conveyor belt. Sorting conveyor belts are also provided on both sides of the main conveyor belt.

3. The intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dust collection unit includes a gear sorting machine located diagonally below the main conveyor belt, a negative pressure dust collection zone located above the gear sorting machine, and a dust removal pipe connected to the negative pressure dust collection zone. The dust removal pipe is also connected to the top of the airflow sorting unit and the sorting unit. A dust collection device for adsorbing dust is provided in the negative pressure dust collection zone.

4. The intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delivery unit includes a lifting rail disposed outside the collection box, a feeding box installed on the lifting rail and movable back and forth thereal, and a weight sensor at the bottom and a volume sensor at the top of the feeding box.

5. The intelligent pretreatment system for construction and renovation waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The recycling chamber includes a first recycling chamber located directly below the spiral screening unit, a second and a third recycling chamber located directly below the airflow sorting unit, a fourth recycling chamber located directly below the metal removal unit, a fifth recycling chamber located directly below the sorting unit, and a sixth recycling chamber located directly below the dust collection unit. Weighbridges are installed below the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth recycling chambers respectively. The distribution box also includes several sliding grooves at the bottom of the distribution box body and an electric screw pump on the side of the distribution box body, wherein the electric screw pump is mounted on a column.

6. A smart pretreatment process for construction and renovation waste, implemented using the construction and renovation waste pretreatment system as described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 monitors the construction and decoration waste in the feeding box. When the weight or volume of the construction and decoration waste meets the set value, the feeding box moves to the crushing unit position. S2, the crushing box of the crushing unit receives construction and decoration waste and crushes it. Then the spiral screening unit screens the crushed construction and decoration waste to obtain recycled concrete coarse aggregate and red bricks, lightweight decoration waste plastic bags and construction and decoration waste particles. Among them, the construction and decoration waste particles fall onto the main conveyor belt. S3, construction and decoration waste particles pass through the airflow sorting unit on the main conveyor belt to separate plastics and lightweight waste wood. Then, they continue to pass through the metal removal unit to remove metal components. Next, they pass through the sorting unit to separate brittle and photosensitive materials. Then, they pass through the sixth recycling chamber to collect recycled fine aggregates. Finally, the dust collection unit collects the dust generated in the collection and distribution box, including recycled putty powder and recycled slag powder. S4. When the monitoring shows that the processed construction and decoration waste in the collection and distribution box meets the set value, the collection and distribution box is moved to the construction waste transfer vehicle and dumped to the treatment point to discharge the pre-treated construction and decoration waste.

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