A powdered activated carbon production device

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon production equipment, and specifically relates to a powdered activated carbon production equipment, comprising a carbonization furnace, a primary activation furnace, a steam furnace and a secondary activation furnace, wherein the carbonization furnace, the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace are connected in sequence through a transmission mechanism and are used to transmit materials, the steam furnace is connected to the primary activation furnace, and further comprises a primary crusher and a secondary grinder, wherein the primary crusher is connected between the carbonization furnace and the primary activation furnace and is used to crush charcoal, the secondary grinder is connected between the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace and is used to grind charcoal particles after primary activation, and further comprises a first collecting tank, wherein the input end of the first collecting tank is respectively connected to the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, and the output end of the first collecting tank is connected to the second combustion chamber; the present invention can improve the preparation effect and activation uniformity of activated carbon, and can save energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon production equipment, and in particular relates to a powdered activated carbon production equipment. Background Art

[0002] As a porous carbonaceous material, activated carbon has a wide range of applications in environmental protection, water treatment, gas purification, catalyst carriers, and energy storage due to its excellent adsorption properties, chemical stability, and regeneration ability. Physical activation is one of the important technologies for preparing activated carbon. It mainly forms a rich pore structure of the raw carbon by reacting with the activated gas at high temperature, thereby increasing its specific surface area and adsorption capacity. The selection of the activated gas is crucial to the formation of the pore structure of activated carbon. Commonly used activated gases include water vapor (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and their mixtures. Steam activation is widely used due to its high efficiency and ease of operation. It can react with carbon atoms on the surface of carbon to generate hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon monoxide (CO), while promoting the expansion of pores and the formation of new pores. Carbon dioxide activation has a slower reaction rate, but can effectively promote the formation of micropores at a lower temperature. In the selected activation gas atmosphere, the carbonization product is heated to a high temperature of 800~1000℃ for activation reaction. At this stage, the activation gas reacts chemically with the carbon atoms on the surface of the carbon, resulting in the consumption of the carbon skeleton and the further development of the pore structure. High temperature not only accelerates the reaction rate, but also promotes the connectivity and uniformity of the pores, forming a multi-level pore structure from micropores to macropores.

[0003] Chinese patent CN210480885U discloses an activated carbon powder manufacturing device, which includes carbonization and activation of raw materials. During the activation process, steam is introduced to expand the pores of the carbonized raw materials. The activated carbon after the pores are fixed is transmitted to the Raymond mill for grinding, and finally enters the cyclone separator to obtain the activated carbon powder. The raw materials that are basically carbonized fall into the activation furnace after reaching the end of the carbonization furnace, hit the inner tube of the activation furnace, and finally fall to the inner wall of the activation furnace. The lumped carbonized raw materials are broken up and move toward the discharge end of the activation furnace following the rotation of the activation furnace. A steam furnace is set at the discharge end of the activation furnace. The steam furnace applies steam to the carbonized raw materials in the activation furnace to assist in activation and expansion of the evenly distributed carbonized raw materials.

[0004] However, in the general prior art, during the activation process of activated carbon, the activation is completed only once through the steps of carbonization, activation and grinding, that is, activation first and then grinding or grinding first and then activation. If the charcoal particles produced after carbonization are activated with high intensity for a short time, the activation of the outer part of the charcoal particles is completed, but the inner part is not fully activated; if the activation is carried out for a long time, the activation of the inner part of the charcoal particles is completed, and the outer part is over-activated, resulting in excessive pores of the activated carbon, resulting in uneven activation effect after the activated charcoal particles are ground into powder; if the charcoal particles are first ground into powder and then activated, water vapor will be added during the physical activation process, and the water vapor will cause the powdered charcoal to clump, which will also cause a large degree of uneven activation. At the same time, only through the one-time activation process, gases such as water gas and sulfur dioxide will be produced in the charcoal or coal, which are difficult to separate, recycle and reuse. Based on this, a powdered activated carbon production device is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of uneven activation degree inside and outside charcoal particles caused by single activation in the prior art, the present invention provides a powdered activated carbon production device.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A powdered activated carbon production device comprises a carbonization furnace, a primary activation furnace, a steam furnace and a secondary activation furnace, wherein the carbonization furnace, the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace are connected in sequence through a transmission mechanism and are used to transmit materials, the steam furnace is connected to the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace for inputting water vapor, and further comprises a primary crusher and a secondary grinding mill, wherein the primary crusher is connected between the carbonization furnace and the primary activation furnace for crushing charcoal, and the secondary grinding mill is connected between the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace for grinding charcoal particles after primary activation.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a first collecting tank, the input end of the first collecting tank is respectively connected to the first activation chamber of the primary activation furnace and the second activation chamber of the secondary activation furnace, the output end of the first collecting tank is connected to the second combustion chamber of the secondary activation furnace, and the first collecting tank is used to collect water gas generated by the reaction in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, and transmit the water gas to the second combustion chamber for combustion.

[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a fuel tank, and the output end of the fuel tank is connected to the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber of the primary activation furnace respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a second collecting tank, the input end of the second collecting tank is connected to the second combustion chamber, the output end of the second collecting tank is connected to the second activation chamber, and the second collecting tank is used to collect water vapor and carbon dioxide generated in the second combustion chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, a water-gas solenoid valve is provided between the first collecting tank and the second combustion chamber for controlling the amount of water-gas introduced into the second combustion chamber, and a carbon dioxide solenoid valve is provided between the second collecting tank and the second activation chamber for controlling the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the second activation chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the secondary grinding mill includes an outer shell and an inner shell, the inner shell is rotatably arranged in the outer shell, the inner shell is divided into several layers of grinding chambers from high to low, each layer of the grinding chamber is separated by a sieve plate, a motor is arranged on the top of the outer shell, the transmission shaft of the motor extends into each of the grinding chambers toward the inside of the inner shell, the transmission shaft is connected to several grinding rods in each of the grinding chambers, and each of the grinding rods is provided with several grinding heads, and the diameters of the several grinding heads on the grinding rods in the grinding chambers decrease layer by layer from top to bottom, and the spacing between the grinding heads decreases layer by layer, and the sieve holes of the sieve plate also decrease layer by layer.

[0013] Furthermore, teeth are arranged around the top side wall of the inner shell, a driving gear is arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell, the driving gear is meshed with the teeth on the outer wall of the inner shell, the driving gear is connected to the transmission shaft of the motor through mutually meshing driven gears, and the inner shell and the transmission shaft of the motor rotate in opposite directions.

[0014] Furthermore, a first solenoid valve is provided between the fuel tank and the first combustion chamber, and a second solenoid valve is provided between the fuel tank and the second combustion chamber. The first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are used to control the amount of hydrogen entering the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.

[0015] Furthermore, a first temperature sensor is disposed in the first activation chamber, a carbon dioxide sensor and a second temperature sensor are disposed in the second activation chamber, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the carbon dioxide sensor and the carbon dioxide solenoid valve are all electrically connected to the control device.

[0016] Furthermore, the liquid pipeline of the steam furnace is arranged in the carbonization furnace in a surrounding manner, and the carbonization furnace is used to prepare charcoal and provide a heat source for the steam furnace.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] (1) By shortening the activation time in the primary activation furnace and keeping the reaction temperature in the primary activation furnace at a low level, the activation reaction proceeds slowly, reducing the difference in activation effect between the inside and outside of the charcoal particles. After the initial activation is completed in the primary activation furnace, the material is transferred to the secondary grinder, where the charcoal particles are ground into powder and then transferred to the secondary activation furnace. Water vapor is also added to the secondary activation furnace. The temperature of the secondary activation is higher than that of the primary activation. The activation reaction speed is faster at a higher temperature, so the activation can be completed in a shorter time and the probability of charcoal powder agglomeration is lower, which has less impact on the activation uniformity of the charcoal powder.

[0019] (2) The first collecting tank collects the gas generated after the reaction in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, so that water gas can be used as fuel for the second combustion chamber, which improves the utilization efficiency of the reaction by-products and is more environmentally friendly, and avoids the leakage of toxic gases such as carbon monoxide;

[0020] (3) In the second combustion chamber, carbon monoxide and hydrogen will burn to form water vapor and carbon dioxide, which will be collected by the second collecting tank and filled into the second activation chamber for activation of charcoal powder, which can save energy and be more environmentally friendly in the process of preparing activated carbon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart for preparing activated carbon of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary grinding mill of the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of the accompanying drawings: 1. Steam furnace; 2. Carbonization furnace; 3. Primary crusher; 4. Primary activation furnace; 41. First combustion chamber; 42. First activation chamber; 5. First collecting tank; 6. Secondary grinding mill; 61. Motor; 62. Outer shell; 63. Screen plate; 64. Inner shell; 65. Driving gear; 66. Grinding rod; 67. Grinding head; 68. Driven gear; 7. Secondary activation furnace; 71. Second combustion chamber; 72. Second activation chamber; 8. Second collecting tank; 9. Fuel tank; 10. Conveying mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a powdered activated carbon production device of the present invention includes a carbonization furnace 2, a primary activation furnace 4, a steam furnace 1 and a secondary activation furnace 7. The carbonization furnace 2, the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 are connected in sequence through a conveying mechanism 10 and are used to convey materials. The steam furnace 1 is connected to the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 for inputting water vapor. It also includes a primary crusher 3 and a secondary grinding machine 6. The primary crusher 3 is connected between the carbonization furnace 2 and the primary activation furnace 4 for crushing charcoal. The secondary grinding machine 6 is connected between the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 for grinding the charcoal particles after the primary activation.

[0028] Since the charcoal needs to be activated in the process of preparing activated carbon from charcoal, if the granular charcoal particles are activated for a short time, the activation of the outer part of the charcoal particles will be completed, but the inner part will not be fully activated; if the activation is carried out for a long time, the activation of the inner part of the charcoal particles will be completed, but the outer part will be over-activated, resulting in too large pores of the activated carbon, which will lead to uneven activation effect after the activated charcoal particles are ground into powder; if the charcoal particles are first ground into powder and then activated, water vapor will be added during the physical activation process, and the water vapor will cause the powdered charcoal to clump, which will also cause uneven activation effect, and the charcoal powder that has clumps cannot be dispersed by the equipment alone, so the activation effect is also poor;

[0029] In order to improve the uniformity of the activated carbon activation effect when the charcoal is activated by physical method to form activated carbon, the charcoal is activated twice. First, wood or other materials that can be used to prepare activated carbon are placed in the carbonization furnace 2, and the raw materials are carbonized by heating and burning. The carbonized charcoal is conveyed to the primary crusher by the conveying mechanism 10 to be crushed into smaller charcoal particles, and then activated in the primary activation furnace 4, mainly by adding water vapor into the primary activation furnace 4, and heating the primary activation furnace 4 to 800°C to 1000°C. The water vapor reacts with the carbon atoms in the charcoal particles at high temperature and decomposes them, so that some carbon atoms are removed from the surface and inside of the charcoal particles, thereby creating more porous structures. It generally takes half an hour to activate the charcoal particles by adding water vapor at a temperature of 800°C to 1000°C. In order to avoid excessive activation of the surface part after the charcoal particles are fully activated, resulting in too large pores on the surface part of the charcoal particles, while the internal part of the charcoal particles is not exposed to water vapor, resulting in too small pores. At the same time, the activation progress of the charcoal particles from the inside to the outside does not increase linearly with the increase of the activation time. The activation progress is also related to the temperature. Within a certain range, the higher the temperature, the faster the activation speed, and the lower the temperature, the slower the activation speed. Therefore, in order to reduce the difference between the inside and outside of the charcoal particles after activation, the activation time in the primary activation furnace 4 is shortened, and the reaction temperature in the primary activation furnace 4 is in a low state, so that the activation reaction is carried out slowly, and the difference in the activation effect between the inside and outside of the charcoal particles is reduced. After the initial activation is completed in the primary activation furnace 4, the material is transferred to the secondary grinding mill 6, the charcoal particles are ground into powder by the secondary grinding mill 6, and then transferred to the secondary activation furnace 7. Water vapor is also added in the secondary activation furnace 7, but the activation temperature is higher than the temperature of the initial activation. Since the surface area of ​​the powdered charcoal is larger, it can be exposed to more water vapor. Therefore, the activation reaction speed is faster at a higher temperature, the activation can be completed in a shorter time, and the probability of charcoal powder agglomeration is also smaller, which has less effect on the activation uniformity of the charcoal powder.

[0030] In order to allow the water vapor to fully react with the charcoal in the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7, and to make the charcoal in the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 react evenly, the movement path from the water vapor inlet in the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 to the outlet of the water gas generated after the water vapor reacts with the charcoal is opposite to the movement direction of the charcoal. A auger is provided in the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7. On the one hand, it is used to slowly push the charcoal material from the inlet to the outlet, and on the other hand, it can turn the charcoal material so that the charcoal can fully react with the water vapor.

[0031] Furthermore, since charcoal reacts with water vapor to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, the reaction equation of the process is: C+H 20 (g) = (high temperature) = CO + H 2 The product of the reaction is water gas, which contains carbon monoxide, which is a toxic gas and can be easily inhaled by workers and cause poisoning. At the same time, water gas is a flammable gas. In order to properly handle water gas and improve the utilization efficiency of by-products in the process of preparing activated carbon, in one embodiment, a first collecting tank 5 is also included. The input end of the first collecting tank 5 is respectively connected to the first activation chamber 42 of the primary activation furnace 4 and the second activation chamber 72 of the secondary activation furnace 7. The output end of the first collecting tank 5 is connected to the second combustion chamber 71 of the secondary activation furnace 7. The first collecting tank 5 is used to collect the water gas generated by the reaction in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72, and transmit the water gas to the second combustion chamber 71 for combustion;

[0032] The first collecting tank 5 collects the gas generated after the reaction in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72, so that the water gas can be used as the fuel of the second combustion chamber 71. The reaction equation of the combustion of water gas in oxygen is: 2CO+O 2 =2CO 2 and 2H 2 +O 2 =2H 2 O, that is, the toxic gases generated by the reaction in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72 are burned in the second combustion chamber 71 to produce carbon dioxide and water, which improves the utilization efficiency of the reaction by-products, is more environmentally friendly, and avoids the leakage of toxic gases. Among them, the primary activation furnace 4 includes a first combustion chamber 41 and a first activation chamber 42, and the first combustion chamber 41 is used to heat the first activation chamber 42. The secondary activation furnace 7 includes a second combustion chamber 71 and a second activation chamber 72, and the second combustion chamber 71 is used to heat the second activation chamber 72.

[0033] At the same time, in order to speed up the activation of charcoal after adding water vapor to the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7, it is necessary to increase the temperature in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72. The optimal activation temperature is 800°C-1000°C. The water gas generated only in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72 is not enough to maintain long-term heating. Therefore, the first combustion chamber 41 and the second combustion chamber 71 need to be connected to an external fuel tank 9. The external fuel tank 9 is used to heat the combustible gas or liquid into the first combustion chamber 41 and the second combustion chamber 71. In order to cooperate with the water gas generated by the reaction, the fuel tank 9 can contain hydrogen.

[0034] At the same time, because materials such as charcoal or coal will not only produce water gas under water vapor and high temperature conditions, but also sulfur dioxide will be produced during the activation process, in the general one-time activation process, since water gas can be reused for a second time, it is generally collected and reused. The collection and reuse of water gas must be purified, that is, the sulfur dioxide contained in the gas must be filtered out to prevent leakage when the sulfur dioxide gas and water gas are mixed and stored. In the present embodiment, due to the secondary activation of the charcoal, the mixed gas of water gas and sulfur dioxide generated in the primary activation furnace 4 is input into the secondary activation furnace 7 as fuel and burned with oxygen, wherein the water gas burns to form water vapor and carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide forms sulfur trioxide at high temperature. Sulfur trioxide is in gaseous state at high temperature and enters the second activation chamber 72 along with water vapor and carbon dioxide. In the second activation chamber 72, the powdered charcoal that has been activated once is secondary activated by water vapor and carbon dioxide, and then the gas in the second activation chamber 72 is uniformly collected and processed, which can reduce the intermediate steps of collecting and separating sulfur dioxide. In order to prevent sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide from corroding the inside of the activation furnace, the material of the inner wall of the activation furnace needs to be corrosion-resistant material, such as high-silicon stainless steel.

[0035] In order to further improve the utilization efficiency of the reaction byproducts in the whole process of preparing activated carbon, since water vapor and carbon dioxide are formed after the combustion of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the second combustion chamber 71, and both water vapor and carbon dioxide can be used as activation gases for charcoal activation to form activated carbon, when the hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the second combustion chamber 71 are burned to generate water vapor and carbon dioxide, the water vapor and carbon dioxide are collected by the second collecting tank 8. In order to prevent the water vapor from liquefying, it is necessary to ensure that the temperature of the second collecting tank 8 is maintained above 100°C. After the second collecting tank 8 collects the gas, the water vapor and carbon dioxide are filled into the second activation chamber 72 for the activation of charcoal powder. Since this is the utilization of the reaction byproducts, the amount of water vapor output from the steam furnace 1 can be reduced, energy can be saved, and the process of preparing activated carbon is more environmentally friendly. At the same time, by increasing carbon dioxide, the amount of water vapor used can be reduced, and the amount of water vapor contacted by the powdered activated carbon during the secondary activation process can be reduced, which can also prevent the activated carbon from contacting with water to form agglomerates.

[0036] Since the gas generated in the process of preparing activated carbon is difficult to be recovered in a centralized manner, it is generally necessary to consume it as completely as possible in the process of preparing activated carbon. Therefore, the by-products such as water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide that can be reused need to be consumed first. Therefore, in one embodiment, a water gas solenoid valve is provided between the first collection tank 5 and the second combustion chamber 71 to control the amount of water gas introduced into the second combustion chamber 71, and a carbon dioxide solenoid valve is provided between the second collection tank 8 and the second activation chamber 72 to control the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the second activation chamber 72;

[0037] That is, the amount of water gas introduced into the second combustion chamber 71 is controlled by the water gas solenoid valve, the water gas in the first collecting tank 5 is first consumed, and the hydrogen in the fuel tank 9 is introduced for replenishment; water vapor and carbon dioxide are introduced into the second activation chamber 72 through the second collecting tank 8 for activation of the charcoal powder in the second activation chamber 72, and the carbon dioxide solenoid valve is opened to release the water vapor and carbon dioxide in the second collecting tank 8 into the second activation chamber 72, and at the same time, the steam furnace 1 still needs to introduce water vapor into the second activation chamber 72 for replenishment.

[0038] Similarly, in one embodiment, a first solenoid valve is provided between the fuel tank 9 and the first combustion chamber 41, and a second solenoid valve is provided between the fuel tank 9 and the second combustion chamber 71. The first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are used to control the amount of hydrogen entering the first combustion chamber 41 and the second combustion chamber 71; the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are used to adjust the output of hydrogen, thereby controlling the temperature in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72, and controlling the reaction speed of the charcoal particles and the charcoal powder by controlling the temperature in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72. At the same time, the hydrogen output of the second solenoid valve is adjusted with the adjustment of the water-gas solenoid valve. When the amount of water-gas input into the second combustion chamber 71 from the first collecting tank 5 is large, the second solenoid valve controls the amount of hydrogen output from the fuel tank 9 to be small. When the amount of water-gas input into the second combustion chamber 71 from the first collecting tank 5 is small, the second solenoid valve controls the amount of hydrogen output from the fuel tank 9 to be large. By controlling the hydrogen output of the fuel tank 9, the water-gas in the first collecting tank 5 is consumed first.

[0039] Further, in order to reduce manual operations and accurately control the amount of hydrogen and water gas in the first combustion chamber 41 and the second combustion chamber 71, so as to achieve accurate control of the temperature in the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72, in one embodiment, a first temperature sensor is provided in the first activation chamber 42, a carbon dioxide sensor and a second temperature sensor are provided in the second activation chamber 72, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the carbon dioxide sensor and the carbon dioxide solenoid valve are all electrically connected to the control device;

[0040] The first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the first activation chamber 42. The detection data of the first temperature sensor is transmitted to the control device, and the amount of hydrogen output by the first solenoid valve is controlled by the control device until the temperature position required for the reaction in the first activation chamber 42 is reached, and the control device continuously and dynamically adjusts the temperature; the second temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the second activation chamber 72. The detection data of the second temperature sensor is transmitted to the control device, and the amount of gas introduced into the second combustion chamber 71 is controlled by the control device. Since the second combustion chamber 71 is connected not only to the fuel tank 9 but also to the first collection tank 5, the opening and closing of the water-gas solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are controlled by the control device to control the gas output. Since the gas collected in the first collection tank 5 needs to be consumed first, the water-gas solenoid valve needs to be opened to the maximum state, and then the amount of hydrogen output from the fuel tank 9 is adjusted by the second solenoid valve according to the data of the second temperature sensor for supplementary combustion. After the second temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the second activation chamber 72 reaches the reaction state, the opening size of the second solenoid valve is continuously adjusted by the control device to control the reaction temperature in the first activation chamber 42.

[0041] Although the problem of uneven activation of the inner and outer parts of the charcoal particles can be reduced to a certain extent by grinding the activated carbon after the initial activation and then reactivating it, in order to produce higher quality powdered activated carbon, it is necessary to further improve the activation uniformity of the activated carbon powder. Therefore, after the initial activation is completed, since the outer part of the charcoal particles is more activated than the inner part of the charcoal particles, the inner and outer parts of the charcoal particles need to be further processed to varying degrees during the secondary activation.

[0042] Because the charcoal particles that have completed the primary activation need to be ground into powder for secondary activation before secondary activation, and the inner and outer parts of the charcoal particles need to be roughly separated to perform different degrees of secondary activation respectively, in one embodiment, the secondary grinding machine 6 includes an outer shell 62 and an inner shell 64, and the inner shell 64 is rotatably arranged in the outer shell 62, and the inner shell 64 is divided into a plurality of layers of grinding chambers from high to low, such as Figure 3 Only two layers of grinding chambers are provided, each layer of grinding chambers is separated by a sieve plate 63, a motor 61 is arranged on the top of the outer shell 62, a transmission shaft of the motor 61 extends to the inside of the inner shell 64 to each grinding chamber, a plurality of grinding rods 66 are connected to the transmission shaft in each grinding chamber, and a plurality of grinding heads 67 are arranged on each grinding rod 66, and the diameters of the plurality of grinding heads 67 on the grinding rods 66 in the grinding chamber decrease from top to bottom, and the spacing between the grinding heads 67 decreases successively;

[0043] After the charcoal particles are transported from the first activation chamber 42 to the secondary grinding machine 6, they enter the first grinding chamber from the top of the secondary grinding machine 6. The grinding heads 67 on the grinding rod 66 in the first grinding chamber are larger in size and have a larger spacing. Therefore, when the charcoal particles are larger than the spacing between adjacent grinding heads 67, it is easier to grind the outside of the charcoal particles into activated carbon powder with larger particles. After the charcoal particles are gradually collided and grinded to less than half of the spacing between adjacent grinding heads 67, the charcoal particles collide with the grinding heads 67 and are ground into activated carbon powder. The efficiency of the powder gradually decreases, so the charcoal particles with a size smaller than half of the spacing between adjacent grinding heads 67 can pass through the sieve holes of the sieve plate 63 and fall into the next grinding chamber; the fallen charcoal particles are more finely ground by the grinding rod 66 with grinding heads 67 of smaller size and spacing below, and the activated carbon powder ground before this falls layer by layer into the next grinding chamber and is ground multiple times until it meets the size and is transported by the conveying mechanism 10 to the second activation chamber 72 for secondary activation. Since the activated carbon powder in the outermost layer of the charcoal particles will be ground down first, it can be secondarily activated first.

[0044] In order to avoid the entire charcoal particle from being crushed when it is in the top grinding chamber, and to prevent the inside and outside of the charcoal particle from being mixed, the grinding head 67 on the grinding rod 66 at the top is larger in size and has a larger spacing, so that the charcoal particles can be ground layer by layer and gradually reduced, and then further ground through the grinding chamber below and then transported to the second activation chamber 72, so that the charcoal particles can be gradually ground into powder from the outside to the inside for subsequent secondary activation in batches. In order to make it easier for the grinding rod 66 to grind the charcoal particles, the bottom of each grinding chamber is an inclined surface, so that the charcoal particles gather in the center of the grinding chamber, which is convenient for the grinding of the grinding rod 66.

[0045] In order to ensure the activation effect during the initial activation and the secondary activation, the activation is carried out in batches instead of continuously adding the charcoal particles and activated carbon powder to be activated into the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72. Under this condition, the carbon dioxide generated in the second collecting tank 8 is used for the activation in the second activation chamber 72, and the activation rate of carbon dioxide is lower than that of water vapor. Therefore, when the activated carbon powder outside the ground charcoal particles is activated by carbon dioxide, the activation efficiency can be reduced to prevent the over-activation of the activated carbon powder outside the charcoal particles during the secondary activation. Since the carbon dioxide in the second collecting tank 8 cannot meet the activation gas required for the secondary activation during the entire activation cycle, the carbon dioxide in the second collecting tank 8 needs to be collected for a period of time before it can be used, and the main activation gas for the secondary activation is still the water vapor generated in the steam furnace 1. At the same time, since the activated carbon powder ground from the outside of the wood particles does not need to be over-activated, the carbon dioxide in the second collection tank 8 can be used as the activation gas, and the activation degree of the activated carbon powder ground from the outside to the inside of the charcoal particles gradually decreases. Therefore, the activation efficiency can be improved by gradually increasing the amount of water vapor and reducing the amount of carbon dioxide, so that the activated carbon powder ground from the inside of the charcoal particles can also be fully activated, and the activation degree of the activated carbon powder ground from the inside and outside of the charcoal particles can be reduced, further improving the activation uniformity of the activated carbon. In order to control the amount of water vapor delivered by the steam furnace 1 to the first activation chamber 42 and the second activation chamber 72, a solenoid valve can be set on the pipeline and electrically connected to the control device for control.

[0046] Furthermore, in order to quickly discharge the activated carbon powder gradually ground from the charcoal particles from the outside to the inside from top to bottom in the multi-layer grinding chamber of the inner shell 64, in one embodiment, the top side wall of the inner shell 64 is surrounded by teeth, and a driving gear 65 is provided between the inner shell 64 and the outer shell 62. The driving gear 65 meshes with the teeth on the outer wall of the inner shell 64, and the driving gear 65 is connected to the transmission shaft of the motor 61 through a driven gear 68 meshing with each other.

[0047] Specifically, the top lower edge of the inner shell 64 abuts against the top of the outer shell 62, and the contact portion of the inner shell 64 and the outer shell 62 is connected in rotation, and the friction between the two is reduced by a pulley or a bearing. The transmission shaft of the motor 61 is provided with a driven gear 68 with teeth, which is then meshed with the top of the driving gear 65, and the driving gear 65 is then meshed with the teeth arranged around the inner shell 64, so that the grinding rod 66 on the transmission shaft and the inner shell 64 are driven to rotate respectively by the motor 61, and the rotation direction of the grinding rod 66 on the transmission shaft is opposite to that of the inner shell 64. On the one hand, the rotation of the inner shell 64 driven by the motor 61 can make the charcoal particles in different grinding chambers in the inner shell 64 rotate and turn continuously, so that the activated carbon powder that has been ground off on the outer surface of the charcoal particles quickly falls into the next layer of grinding chambers, and at the same time, the grinding rod 66 on the transmission shaft and the inner shell 64 rotate in opposite directions, which can also increase the relative speed between the two, and improve the grinding efficiency of the charcoal particles by increasing the relative speed. By using the motor 61 as a single power source to drive the inner housing 64 and the grinding rod 66 on the transmission shaft at the same time, the use cost and maintenance cost of the equipment can also be reduced.

[0048] Since a large amount of heat is released in the process of burning wood into charcoal in the carbonization furnace 2, in order to reduce energy consumption and play an environmental protection role, the liquid pipeline of the steam furnace 1 is arranged around the carbonization furnace 2, and the carbonization furnace 2 is used to prepare charcoal and provide a heat source for the steam furnace 1; through the linkage and coordinated use of the steam furnace 1 and the carbonization furnace 2, the heat generated can be used as the heat source of the steam furnace 1 while preparing charcoal, which can play an energy saving role. The coordinated use of the carbonization furnace 2 and the steam furnace 1 can be applied to the large-scale production of activated carbon. When preparing a large amount of activated carbon, charcoal needs to be prepared continuously, and the subsequent activation of charcoal is also carried out continuously, so that the steam furnace 1 can continuously provide a heat source through the carbonization furnace 2. At the same time, in order to avoid the heat generated by the carbonization furnace 2 being insufficient to provide the heat required by the steam furnace 1, resulting in insufficient steam generated by the steam furnace 1, on the one hand, the water vapor and carbon dioxide in the second combustion chamber 71 collected by the second collecting tank 8 in the above embodiment can be used as a supplement, and on the other hand, the steam furnace 1 itself can be heated to provide heat to generate water vapor.

[0049] In one embodiment, the conveying mechanism 10 is a conveying pipe and an auger, and the auger is rotatably arranged in the conveying pipe; the auger and the conveying pipe are used to convey the charcoal material. Since the auger slides against the inner wall of the conveying pipe, it can also prevent the gases between different steps from being connected to each other, causing interference with the reaction process between different steps, and at the same time plays a role in isolating different reaction chambers in the process of conveying materials.

[0050] In one embodiment, the primary activation furnace 4 and the secondary activation furnace 7 are each provided with a rotatable screen inside, and the rotation of the screen is used to turn the charcoal.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A powdered activated carbon production device, characterized in that: It includes a carbonization furnace, a primary activation furnace, a steam furnace and a secondary activation furnace, wherein the carbonization furnace, the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace are connected in sequence through a transmission mechanism and transmit materials, the steam furnace is connected to the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace for inputting water vapor, and also includes a primary crusher and a secondary grinding machine, wherein the primary crusher is connected between the carbonization furnace and the primary activation furnace for crushing charcoal, and the secondary grinding machine is connected between the primary activation furnace and the secondary activation furnace for grinding charcoal particles after primary activation; It also includes a first collecting tank, the input end of which is connected to the first activation chamber of the primary activation furnace and the second activation chamber of the secondary activation furnace respectively, and the output end of the first collecting tank is connected to the second combustion chamber of the secondary activation furnace, and the first collecting tank is used to collect water gas generated by the reaction in the first activation chamber and the second activation chamber, and transmit the water gas to the second combustion chamber for combustion; It also includes a fuel tank, the output end of which is connected to the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber of the primary activation furnace respectively; It also includes a second collecting tank, the input end of the second collecting tank is connected to the second combustion chamber, the output end of the second collecting tank is connected to the second activation chamber, and the second collecting tank is used to collect water vapor and carbon dioxide generated in the second combustion chamber; The secondary grinding mill comprises an outer shell and an inner shell, wherein the inner shell is rotatably arranged in the outer shell, and the inner shell is divided into a plurality of grinding chambers from high to low, and each layer of the grinding chamber is separated by a sieve plate. A motor is arranged on the top of the outer shell, and a transmission shaft of the motor extends to the inside of the inner shell into each of the grinding chambers. The transmission shaft is connected to a plurality of grinding rods in each of the grinding chambers, and a plurality of grinding heads are arranged on each of the grinding rods. The diameters of the plurality of grinding heads on the grinding rods in the grinding chambers decrease layer by layer from top to bottom, and the spacing between the grinding heads decreases layer by layer, and the sieve holes of the sieve plate decrease layer by layer.

2. A powdered activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-gas solenoid valve is provided between the first collecting tank and the second combustion chamber for controlling the amount of water-gas introduced into the second combustion chamber, and a carbon dioxide solenoid valve is provided between the second collecting tank and the second activation chamber for controlling the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into the second activation chamber.

3. A powdered activated carbon production device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first solenoid valve is disposed between the fuel tank and the first combustion chamber, and a second solenoid valve is disposed between the fuel tank and the second combustion chamber. The first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve are used to control the amount of hydrogen introduced into the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber.

4. A powdered activated carbon production device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first temperature sensor is disposed in the first activation chamber, a carbon dioxide sensor and a second temperature sensor are disposed in the second activation chamber, and the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor, the first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve, the carbon dioxide sensor and the carbon dioxide solenoid valve are all electrically connected to a control device.

5. A powdered activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top side wall of the inner shell is surrounded by teeth, and a driving gear is arranged between the inner shell and the outer shell. The driving gear meshes with the teeth on the outer wall of the inner shell. The driving gear is connected to the transmission shaft of the motor through mutually meshing driven gears. The inner shell and the transmission shaft of the motor rotate in opposite directions.

6. A powdered activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid pipeline of the steam furnace is arranged in the carbonization furnace in a surrounding manner. The carbonization furnace is used to prepare charcoal and provide a heat source for the steam furnace.

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