Early-maturing-promoting, quality-improving and efficiency-improving planting method for sweet oranges in dry-hot valley region

Abstract

The invention relates to an early-maturing-promoting, quality-improving and efficiency-improving planting method for sweet oranges in a dry-hot valley region, and belongs to the technical field of sweet orange planting. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a crystal sugar orange adult fruit-bearing orchard which is good in growth vigor and tidy in tree vigor after being planted for 3 years; irrigation is conducted from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November in the same year, the soil humidity is kept to be 50%-70%, leaves of the fruit trees are dry and curled in the daytime, and the fruit trees return to the normal state at night; in the first ten days of October in the current year, 600-700 times of a 30% paclobutrazol suspending agent is sprayed; after the fruits are harvested, in the middle ten days of November of the current year, pruning is conducted after flower bud differentiation is completed by 70%-80%; fertilizing in mid-to-late November in the same year, and irrigating thoroughly; 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder is sprayed twice. By means of the method, the yield per mu is increased by about 50%, pericarp is smooth, fruits are uniform in color, shape and size, pulp is fresh and tender, the solid content is obviously increased, and application and popularization are easy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sugar orange planting, and particularly relates to a method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas. Background Art

[0002] Rock Sugar Orange (Citrussinensis Osbeck) is an excellent bud mutation variety of common sweet orange. It is native to Hongjiang City, Hunan Province (formerly Qianyang County). It is an evergreen tree of the genus Citrus in the Rutaceae family. It has a strong tree vigor, an open tree posture, and relatively thick branches and tips. The leaves are oval and relatively wide. The fruit is nearly round, dignified, bright in color, and smooth in peel. The flesh is crisp and tender, with a strong and sweet flavor, no seeds, and rich in VC. It is named because it is sweet like rock sugar. It has the effects of nourishing the skin, clearing heat and moistening the lungs, improving eyesight and detoxifying, and is known as the "best orange". Rock Sugar Orange is produced in Hunan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi, and is sold well in large and medium-sized cities across the country, and is exported to Singapore, Vietnam and Southeast Asian countries, and is deeply loved by consumers. After being introduced to the low-altitude dry and hot valleys in the southwest, the rock sugar orange performed exceptionally well. The famous "Chu Orange" produced in the Yuanjiang dry and hot valley area of ​​Xinping County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province is the rock sugar orange.

[0003] The low-altitude dry and hot valley areas with an altitude of 400m to 1100m in the Yuanjiang (Red River) and Nanpanjiang Rivers in the southwest region have long sunshine, high accumulated temperature, frost-free seasons, and large temperature difference between morning and evening. The unique climate resources are suitable for growing high-quality rock sugar oranges. The rock sugar oranges planted in this area grow and mature quickly. The high temperature and drought in winter and spring can promote the early flowering and maturity of citrus. The rock sugar oranges produced under this ecological condition have smooth and delicate peels, thin skins and easy peeling. The solid content of naturally mature fruits is ≥12%, and the acidity is ≤0.8%. It is a domestic high-quality rock sugar orange production base.

[0004] However, the special microclimate formed in the low-altitude dry and hot valley area is conducive to the production of high-quality sugar oranges, but not conducive to the increase of yield. According to the current planting technology, sugar oranges planted in the middle and late January of the following year begin to sprout, enter the flowering period in the middle and late February, and the first physiological fruit drop in the middle and late March, and the second physiological fruit drop in the early and mid-April. During the first physiological fruit drop in the middle and late March, high temperatures above 35°C began to appear; during the second physiological fruit drop in the early and mid-April, high temperatures above 35°C and even extreme high temperatures above 40°C frequently appeared. At this time, the rainy season from late May to early June has not yet arrived, and the disastrous climate superimposed by high temperature and drought has led to a large number of fruit drops. The fruits that have been preserved are small in size due to high temperature and drought, and the strong sunshine also causes an increase in sunburned fruits, resulting in low yields and commercial fruit rates, and it is difficult to improve the planting benefits. Therefore, how to give full play to advantages and overcome disadvantages, and to seek benefits and avoid harm is an urgent problem to be solved in the field of sugar orange planting technology in the low-altitude dry and hot valley area. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the invention is to solve the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0009] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0010] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 600-700 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0011] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is performed in mid-November of the same year when the flower buds have differentiated 70% to 80%, and the height of the trees is maintained at 2.4 to 2.6 m, with the crowns of two adjacent trees 18 to 22 cm apart;

[0012] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer, 150g-250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80g-100g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, the leaves are sprayed with water until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days;

[0013] Among them, the ratio of N:P:K in high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0014] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0015] After 15-20 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0016] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0017] Furthermore, preferably, in step (4), during pruning, it is necessary to remove dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shorten overly long extended branches, and retract perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart.

[0018] Furthermore, preferably, in step (5), the specific method of fertilizing is to open a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 29-31 cm and a depth of 29-31 cm between two adjacent trees in mid-to-late November of the same year, apply 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer, 150g-250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 80g-100g of medium and trace element fertilizer to each fruit tree ditch, mix them evenly, and then sprinkle them on the soil dug out when opening the fertilizer ditch, mix them evenly, and then backfill them into the fertilizer ditch.

[0019] Furthermore, preferably, in step (5), the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥ 60%.

[0020] The present invention implements irrigation from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year, maintains soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees show a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night; wherein, there is no restriction on the number of irrigations and the amount of irrigation, as long as the fruit trees can show a state where the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night.

[0021] The present invention sprays paclobutrazol suspension in early October of the same year, with the purpose of increasing tree nutrient accumulation, further promoting flower bud differentiation, and improving flower bud quality.

[0022] In step (4) of the present invention, the overgrown branches are branches that are caused by excess nutrition, and generally all of them need to be thinned out; the overlong extended branches are other branches that will exceed the height and width after growth and need to be shortened. The present invention has no restrictions on the shortening amount, and it can be done according to the prior art, as long as the height and crown width of the tree can be kept within a reasonable range; the same is true for the retracted perennial large branches or backbone branches, and there is no restriction on the retraction amount, as long as the height and crown width of the tree can be kept within a reasonable range.

[0023] After pruning in step (4) of the present invention, the obtained rock sugar orange fruit tree has a skylight in the middle and a wavy outer periphery, and the tree body is ventilated and light-permeable, thereby promoting the germination of flower buds.

[0024] In step (5) of the present invention, the medium and trace element fertilizer is preferably Liugu Yuxing Medium and Trace · Big Dream produced by Jinma (Kuandian) Boron Mine Co., Ltd. The present invention sprays water on leaves to increase humidity, promotes flower bud germination, and improves flower bud quality.

[0025] The second spraying of 20000 times of 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder is carried out after the peak period of the first physiological fruit drop and before the second physiological fruit drop. The purpose of spraying 20000 times of 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder is to protect flowers and fruits.

[0026] After the gibberellic acid soluble powder is sprayed, conventional planting methods are followed to properly manage water and fertilizer and prevent and control pests and diseases, so as to ensure the healthy growth of the fruit trees.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. Solved the problem of low yield. Sugar oranges are concentrated in the dry and hot valley areas with low altitudes of 400m to 1100m. According to conventional planting techniques, the second physiological fruit drop time is about the first and middle ten days of April of the following year. At this time, the frequency of high temperatures above 35℃ is high, and even the extreme high temperature above 40℃ aggravates the fruit drop, resulting in the yield of sugar oranges reaching only about 2600 kg / mu. By using the technology of promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency, the second fruit drop time can be advanced to the first and middle ten days of March. At this time, the temperature is between 25℃ and 28℃, which is suitable for the growth of sugar oranges. The second physiological fruit drop period effectively avoids the extreme high temperature above 35℃ or even above 40℃, and the yield can be increased to about 4000 kg / mu, with an increase of about 50% per mu, and the yield increase effect is very obvious.

[0029] 2. Solved the problem of late listing. According to conventional planting techniques, the natural maturity and listing time of sugar oranges is from mid-October to mid-November of the following year, missing the golden sales period of sugar oranges from mid-to-late September (Mid-Autumn Festival) to early October (National Day); and oranges from other production areas were listed in early November, squeezing the market. By using the technology of promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency, the natural maturity and listing time can be advanced to mid-to-late September (Mid-Autumn Festival) to early October (National Day), and they are basically sold out before oranges from other production areas are listed, locking in the golden sales period of sugar oranges.

[0030] 3. Solved the problem of low fruit quality. Conventional planting, due to the weak resistance of young fruits, encounters extreme high temperatures above 35℃ or even above 40℃. The fruit shape will be smaller, the number of sunburned fruits will increase significantly, the peel will be thicker and more difficult to peel, the solid content will be lower, the fruit quality will be uneven, and the overall quality will decline. By using the technology of promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency, the fruits have been firmly seated and entered the full fruit stage before the arrival of extreme high temperatures, and are protected by the branches and leaves after bending the branches. The peel is smooth, the fruit color, shape and size are uniform, the flesh is fresh and tender, and the solid content is significantly increased, which can effectively avoid the problem of uneven quality and low overall quality in conventional planting.

[0031] 4. Solved the problem of low planting efficiency. Conventional planting is late to market, with a sales price of about 4.5 yuan / kg, and a low yield of about 2,600 kg / mu, so the planting efficiency is low. Using early maturity, quality improvement and efficiency enhancement technology to plant, not only can the yield increase by about 50%, but also the sales time can be advanced to the golden sales period, and the sales price can be increased to about 6.5 yuan / kg, an increase of about 45%, and the per mu income can be increased by about 1.5 times, with obvious income increase effect.

[0032] 5. Issues that affect quality and brand have been resolved. In order to rush to market the fruit before the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, some conventional growers pick the fruit before it naturally matures and reaches the inherent quality of sugar oranges, which has a significant negative impact on the market. Some growers spray deacidifiers (the main ingredient is lead arsenate) to reduce acidity and pick the fruit early, which poses a serious risk to the quality and safety of agricultural products. The abnormal measures of picking the fruit early and putting it on the market early with deacidifiers have seriously affected the quality improvement, brand building, market reputation and safe production of sugar oranges. Using the technology of promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency, the fruit reaches natural maturity during the golden sales period from mid-to-late September to early October of the following year. The fruit has the inherent quality of sugar oranges and is very popular among consumers. It is conducive to brand building, improving market reputation and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0034] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be considered to limit the scope of the present invention. If no specific techniques or conditions are specified in the examples, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the art or the product specifications are used. If the manufacturer of the materials or equipment used is not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0037] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0038] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0039] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 650 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0040] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is performed in mid-November of the same year when the flower bud differentiation is 76-78% complete, and the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0041] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, 4 kg of organic fertilizer, 200 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 90 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, the leaves are sprayed with water until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 80%-95% for the next 7 days;

[0042] Among them, the ratio of N:P:K in high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0043] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0044] After 18 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0045] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0049] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-60%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0050] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 600 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0051] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year when 70-72% of the flower bud differentiation is complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, long branches, overcrowded overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, and maintaining the height of the tree at 2.4-2.6m, with the crowns of two adjacent trees 18-22cm apart;

[0052] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 29 cm and a depth of 29 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 3 kg of organic fertilizer, 150 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 80 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and then mixed evenly and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened. After mixing evenly, the soil is backfilled into the fertilizer ditch; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 80%-85% for the next 6 days;

[0053] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0054] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0055] After 15 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0056] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0059] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0060] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 60%-70%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0061] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 700 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0062] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is performed in mid-November of the same year when the flower bud differentiation is 78-80% complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, and retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0063] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 31 cm and a depth of 31 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 5 kg of organic fertilizer, 250 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 100 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and the mixture is evenly mixed and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened, and then backfilled into the fertilizer ditch after being evenly mixed; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 90%-95% for the next 8 days;

[0064] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0065] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0066] After 20 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0067] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0068] Example 4

[0069] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0071] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 55%-65%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0072] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 650 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0073] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year when the flower bud differentiation is 74-76% complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, and retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0074] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 4 kg of organic fertilizer, 200 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 90 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and then mixed evenly and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened. After mixing evenly, the soil is backfilled into the fertilizer ditch; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 85%-90% for the next 7 days;

[0075] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0076] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0077] After 17 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0078] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0079] Application Example 1

[0080] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0081] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0082] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 50%-60%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0083] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 650 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0084] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year when the flower bud differentiation is 79-80% complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, and retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0085] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 5 kg of organic fertilizer, 250 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 100 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and the mixture is evenly mixed and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened, and then backfilled into the fertilizer ditch after being evenly mixed; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 92%-95% for the next 7 days;

[0086] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0087] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0088] After 18 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0089] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0090] Application Example 2

[0091] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0092] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0093] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 58%-62%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0094] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 700 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0095] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is carried out in mid-November of the same year when the flower bud differentiation is 75-76% complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, and retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0096] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 4 kg of organic fertilizer, 200 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 90 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and then mixed evenly and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened. After mixing evenly, the soil is backfilled into the fertilizer ditch; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 88%-92% for the next 6-8 days;

[0097] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0098] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0099] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0100] Application Example 3

[0101] A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in arid and hot valley areas comprises the following steps:

[0102] Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar oranges that have been planted for three years and have good growth and neat trees;

[0103] Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year to maintain soil moisture at 68%-70%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night;

[0104] Step (3), in early October of the same year, spraying 600 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0105] Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, pruning is performed in mid-November of the same year when 70-72% of the flower bud differentiation is complete, removing dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shortening overly long extended branches, and retracting perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart;

[0106] Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 3 kg of organic fertilizer, 150 g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 80 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, and then mixed evenly and sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened. After mixing evenly, the soil is backfilled into the fertilizer ditch; after the fertilizer is applied, water is immediately irrigated, and while watering the roots, water is sprayed on the leaves until the tree body is soaked and dripping, and the soil moisture is maintained at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days;

[0107] Among them, the organic matter content of organic fertilizer is ≥60%; the ratio of N:P:K of high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%;

[0108] Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping;

[0109] After 18 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping.

[0110] Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, and pests and diseases.

[0111] Comparative Example 1

[0112] Starting from late September of the same year, keep the leaves of the fruit trees in a normal state during the day and at night. The other steps are the same as in Application Example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 2

[0114] The degree of flower bud differentiation is not controlled, and pruning is performed after the fruit is harvested. The other steps are the same as those in Application Example 1.

[0115] Comparative Example 3

[0116] In mid-to-late November, after fertilization, the leaves of the fruit trees are kept in a normal state during the day and at night, but the soil moisture is not specifically controlled, and the other steps are the same as in Application Example 1. (That is, in mid-to-late November of the same year, a cross fertilizer ditch with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 30 cm is opened between two adjacent trees, and 5 kg of organic fertilizer, 250 g of high nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 100 g of medium and trace element fertilizer are applied to each fruit tree ditch, mixed evenly, and then sprinkled on the soil dug out when the fertilizer ditch is opened, mixed evenly, and then backfilled into the fertilizer ditch; watering is carried out according to the conventional method to keep the leaves of the fruit trees in a normal state during the day and at night)

[0117] Comparative Example 4

[0118] This comparative example is the planting method of the orchard over the years. The soil moisture is not controlled from late September to mid-November of the same year. Pruning is carried out after the beginning of winter in early to mid-November of the same year. Then, 3kg of organic fertilizer (organic matter content ≥ 60%), 150g of compound fertilizer (15:15:15), 50g of medium and trace element fertilizer, and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (P 2 O 5 ≥15%) 100g, water normally after fertilizer application, but do not control soil moisture and flower bud differentiation degree. Other steps are the same as application example 1.

[0119] At the sugar orange planting base located in the world's first high bridge scenic spot in Yuanjiang County, 7 mu of land was selected in the same planting area, and a 2-year management test was carried out according to the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, and the natural maturity and listing time of the fruit was recorded, the fruit quality was measured, and the fruit yield and output value were statistically calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0120] Table 1

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] From Application Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, combined with the data in Table 1, it can be seen that the planting method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange in dry and hot valley areas of the present invention fully utilizes the advantage that drought in winter and spring in dry and hot valleys can be artificially regulated to promote early flowering, greatly advances the phenological period of sugar orange, avoids the adverse effects caused by the extremely high temperature and drought during the physiological fruit drop period, and locks in the best sales time of sugar orange in advance, achieving obvious benefits of increased production and increased income.

[0124] But at the same time, it can be seen that the technical measures adopted, such as moderate drought, timely pruning, fertilization and irrigation, are a coherent and integrated system technology. If steps are missing or there is a deviation in accuracy, it will affect the final effect.

[0125] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas, characterized in that: The steps include: Step (1), selecting an orchard of mature and fruit-bearing sugar orange trees that have grown well and have neat trees after three years of planting; Step (2), watering is performed from mid-to-late September to mid-to-late November of the same year, maintaining the soil moisture at 50%-70%, and the fruit trees show that the leaves are dry and curled during the day and return to normal at night; Step (3), in early October of the same year, spray 600-700 times diluted 30% paclobutrazol suspension; the spraying amount is preferably such that the leaves are wet without dripping; Step (4), after the fruits are harvested, prune the trees in mid-November of the same year when 70%-80% of the flower buds have differentiated, and keep the height of the trees at 2.4-2.6m, with the crowns of two adjacent trees 18-22cm apart; Step (5), in mid-to-late November of the same year, apply 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer, 150g-250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and 80g-100g of medium and trace element fertilizer to each fruit tree ditch; immediately irrigate the tree thoroughly after fertilization, and spray water on the leaves while irrigating the roots until the tree is soaked and dripping, and maintain the soil moisture at 80%-95% for the next 6-8 days; Among them, the ratio of N:P:K in high nitrogen compound fertilizer is 30:10:10; in medium and trace element fertilizer, Ca+Mg≥10.0%, Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn+B:0.3%-1.0%; Step (6), when 2 / 3 of the flowers have faded, spray the leaves evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder, the spraying amount should be such that the leaves are wet without dripping; After 15-20 days, spray evenly with 20000 times diluted 20% gibberellic acid soluble powder. The spraying amount should be enough to wet the leaves without dripping. Step (7), perform routine management of water, fertilizer, pests and diseases.

2. The method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), when pruning, it is necessary to remove dead branches, diseased and insect-infested branches, weak branches, overgrown branches, overly dense overlapping branches and crossed branches, shorten overly long extended branches, and cut back perennial large branches or backbone branches, so that the height of the tree is maintained at 2.4-2.6m, and the crowns of two adjacent trees are 18-22cm apart.

3. The method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the specific method of fertilizing is to open a cross fertilizer trench with a width of 29-31 cm and a depth of 29-31 cm between two adjacent trees in mid-to-late November of the same year, apply 3kg-5kg of organic fertilizer, 150g-250g of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and 80g-100g of medium and trace element fertilizer to each fruit tree trench, mix them evenly, and then sprinkle them on the soil dug out when opening the fertilizer trench, mix them evenly, and then backfill them into the fertilizer trench.

4. The method for promoting early maturity, improving quality and increasing efficiency of sugar orange planting in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is ≥ 60%.

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