Ceramic composite armor and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic composite armor and a preparation method thereof. The composite armor comprises a covering layer, a bullet facing surface splicing layer, a buffer layer and an anti-splashing layer. The covering layer and the buffer layer are made of a high borosilicate glass material, the bullet facing surface splicing layer is made of a magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic material, and the anti-splashing layer is made of a polycarbonate (PC) material; the covering layer and the bullet facing surface splicing layer, the bullet facing surface splicing layer and the buffer layer, and the buffer layer and the anti-splashing layer are bonded through polyurethane bonding materials, and the bonding materials are bonded with the base materials on the two sides through a vacuum thermal compounding technology; and the bullet facing surface splicing layer adopts a T-shaped joint combination or a cross-shaped joint combination of square ceramic modules, and the ceramic modules are bonded by adopting modified OCA (Optical Clear Adhesive) through a vacuum laminating process. The transparent composite armor with the structure has the characteristics of effectively providing good protection performance, reducing the damage area, increasing the visual area and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of composite armor materials, and in particular to a ceramic composite armor and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern warfare, in order to ensure the combat capability and life safety of combatants, it is particularly important for combat vehicles to protect themselves and the combatants in the vehicles. Therefore, combat armor that can provide effective protection has always been an important protective performance requirement for the protection of armed helicopters, tanks and armored vehicles. In particular, the transparent armor of the observation window of the combat vehicle, which will become an important strike target, can effectively resist the continuous multiple strikes of small-caliber armor-piercing projectiles, which is an important protective performance of transparent armor. Most traditional transparent armor armor structures adopt a multi-layer superimposed integral armor structure. This integral structure has a large damage area after receiving the first bullet strike, especially the impact on the bullet-facing surface layer of the key part of the transparent armor. It is difficult to form effective protection again when facing subsequent bullet strikes. Therefore, some researchers have proposed splicing structures of different shapes, such as the patent "Transparent Armor Plate and Transparent Armor Plate Manufacturing Method (CN201911275118.4)", which adopts a rectangular or hexagonal splicing structure. Although this type of splicing structure can improve the multiple strike capability, the splicing plate edge area and plate corner area are more, which reduces its effective protection area. The literature "A. Weiss, A. Borenstein, BM Stan, M. Ravid, N.Shapira, Ballistic performance of ceramic targets against 25 mm APDS-Tprojectile, Proc.30th Int. Symp. on Ballistics." points out that although the discontinuity of ceramic joints can effectively prevent the propagation of stress waves, it is easy to produce pores, voids, inclusions and microcracks, thereby reducing the wear resistance and optical properties, and weakening the long-term use ability of the ceramic layer. In addition, the matching degree between the properties of the adhesive at the joint and the ceramic is also an important factor affecting the protective performance and optical properties of ceramic composite armor. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a ceramic composite armor and a preparation method thereof, which can achieve effective protection for vehicle combat personnel, eliminate the defects caused by spliced ​​ceramics, maintain the integrity of spliced ​​ceramics, and maintain the long-term use capability of the composite armor; solve the visibility fragmentation problem of spliced ​​transparent ceramic armor by matching the refractive index of modified OCA optical glue with the ceramic module, and effectively reduce the damaged area of ​​the transparent armor after being hit, thereby increasing the visible area.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: On the one hand, the present invention provides a ceramic composite armor, which consists of a covering layer, a bullet-facing surface splicing layer, a buffer layer and an anti-splash layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the bullet-facing surface splicing layer is formed by splicing 9 magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules, and the magnesium-aluminum spinel module is a square structure of 80mm~120mm, and the sizes of the covering layer, the buffer layer and the anti-splash layer are the same as those of the bullet-facing surface splicing layer formed by splicing the magnesium-aluminum spinel modules, the covering layer and the buffer layer are made of high borosilicate glass ceramic material, and the anti-splash layer is made of polycarbonate (PC) material.

[0005] Preferably, the thicknesses of the covering layer, the bullet-facing surface splicing layer, the buffer layer and the anti-splash layer are 0.5-0.9 mm, 4-6 mm, 5-9 mm and 2-4 mm respectively.

[0006] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned ceramic composite armor, which specifically comprises the following steps: Step 1: Bond the anti-splash layer and the buffer layer with bonding material; Step 2: bonding the anti-repellent surface splicing layer on the other side of the buffer layer, wherein the anti-repellent surface splicing layer adopts a T-shaped joint combination or a cross-shaped joint combination of square ceramics to form a tic-tac-toe structure, and the splicing seams are all bonded with modified OCA optical adhesive; The modified OCA optical adhesive is prepared by the following steps: S-1 Nanoparticle surface treatment: Dissolve alkyl silane in anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of alkyl silane is 1-5%; then add zirconium oxide nanoparticles and stir for 2-4 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the nanoparticles and dry them; S-2 Nanoparticle dispersion and mixing: Add the nanoparticles obtained in step S-1 into anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of the nanoparticles is 0.6-1%; put the obtained mixed solution and OCA optical glue into a ball mill for ball milling, then discharge and let stand to obtain modified OCA optical glue; Step 3: Use adhesive material to bond the bullet-facing surface splicing layer and the covering layer.

[0007] Preferably, the purity of the zirconium oxide nanoparticles in step S-1 is greater than or equal to 99.99%.

[0008] Preferably, step S-1 further comprises: washing the zirconium oxide nanoparticles with anhydrous ethanol to remove surface impurities.

[0009] Preferably, the ball milling speed in step S-2 is 180-220 r / min, and the ball milling time is 6-10 h.

[0010] Preferably, the bonding material between the layers is polyurethane (PU), and the bonding material is bonded to the substrates on both sides by a vacuum thermal composite process.

[0011] Preferably, the modified OCA optical adhesive at the joint seams of the splicing layers of the elastic surface is bonded by a vacuum pressing process.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention can defend against Type 53 7.62mm armor-piercing bullets at a distance of 100m in a direction perpendicular to the armor plane through effective coordination between the various layers of the structure. On the basis of meeting the STANAG-4569 protection standard, it can effectively prevent the crack propagation of the projectile surface, reduce the damaged area of ​​the projectile surface, improve the residual strength after being hit, and increase the visible area after being hit (the visible area after being hit is greater than 60%), which can greatly ensure the safety protection of armored vehicles for drivers and passengers and provide effective vision.

[0013] 2. The tic-tac-toe structure ceramic composite armor provided by the present invention covers the spliced ​​anti-bullet surface ceramic with a very thin layer of high borosilicate glass, eliminating the defects such as gaps, inclusions and microcracks caused by ceramic splicing, and ensuring the long-term use of the transparent armor. In addition, the thin glass covering layer will prevent the anti-bullet surface ceramic from being damaged in advance by the stress wave before the bullet reaches the anti-bullet surface ceramic, thereby reducing the anti-bullet performance, thereby ensuring the excellent protective performance of the spliced ​​ceramic armor.

[0014] 3. In the present invention, 99.99% pure zirconium oxide is added to the OCA optical adhesive. The introduction of zirconium oxide can not only change the optical properties of the OCA optical adhesive to match the refractive index of the spliced ​​ceramic module, but also increase its mechanical strength, effectively improve its impact resistance and vibration resistance, reduce cracking, peeling or deformation when subjected to external force, and improve armor protection performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the spliced ​​composite armor prepared by the present invention; Figure 2 This is the vacuum pressing process curve of modified OCA optical adhesive; Figure 3 This is the vacuum thermal composite process curve of polyurethane (PU) bonding material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention provides a ceramic composite armor, such as Figure 1As shown, the ceramic composite armor consists of a covering layer 1, a bullet-facing surface splicing layer 2, a buffer layer 3 and an anti-splash layer 4 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the bullet-facing surface splicing layer 2 is spliced ​​by 9 magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules, and the magnesium-aluminum spinel module is a square structure of 80mm~120mm. The sizes of the covering layer 1, the buffer layer 3 and the anti-splash layer 4 are the same as those of the bullet-facing surface splicing layer 2 spliced ​​by magnesium-aluminum spinel modules. The covering layer 1 and the buffer layer 3 are made of high borosilicate glass ceramic material, and the anti-splash layer 4 is made of polycarbonate material.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment, the thicknesses of the covering layer 1, the bullet-facing surface splicing layer 2, the buffer layer 3 and the anti-splash layer 4 are 0.5~0.9 mm, 4~6 mm, 5~9 mm and 2~4 mm respectively.

[0018] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] The purity of the zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles used in the following examples is greater than or equal to 99.99%.

[0020] Example 1 (1) Preparation of modified OCA optical adhesive S-1 Nanoparticle surface treatment: Wash the zirconium oxide nanoparticles with anhydrous ethanol to remove surface impurities, dissolve alkyl silane in anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of alkyl silane is 1%, add nanoparticles and stir for 2 hours, and the alkyl silane reacts fully with the particle surface. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the nanoparticles, and dry them; S-2 Nanoparticle dispersion and mixing: Add nanoparticles into anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of nanoparticles is 0.6%; put the obtained mixed solution and OCA optical adhesive into a ball mill, and perform ball milling with zirconium oxide balls at a speed of 180r / min for 6 hours; then discharge the material and let it stand to obtain modified OCA optical adhesive.

[0021] (2) Magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules with a thickness of 4 mm and a side length of 80 mm are spliced ​​with modified OCA optical adhesive and spliced ​​by a vacuum pressing process using a T-type joint combination or a cross-type joint combination. The vacuum pressing process curve is shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0022] (3) Use polyurethane (PU) to bond the 2 mm polycarbonate (PC) board and the 5 mm high borosilicate glass; use polyurethane (PU) to bond the above-mentioned tic-tac-toe ceramic layer on the other side of the high borosilicate glass; finally, cover the other side of the tic-tac-toe ceramic layer with a layer of 0.5 mm high borosilicate glass and bond it with polyurethane (PU). Polyurethane (PU) is bonded to the two sides of the substrate through a vacuum thermal composite process. The vacuum thermal composite process curve is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, a tic-tac-toe-shaped ceramic composite armor is obtained.

[0023] The tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor prepared in this example was observed, and it was found that there was no obvious visual fragmentation and light distortion. Referring to the STANAG-4569 standard, the tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor was tested at a speed of 854±15m / s using a 7.62mm armor-piercing projectile. The impact point was controlled near the center of the target plate, and the target plate was observed after the impact. It was found that the cracks were concentrated in the ceramic module at the center of the target plate, and other modules were less affected. The visible area was measured by the Landet ring test card to be 63%, and the PC back plate was slightly raised and not penetrated.

[0024] Example 2 (1) Preparation of modified OCA optical adhesive S-1 Nanoparticle surface treatment: Wash the zirconium oxide nanoparticles with anhydrous ethanol to remove surface impurities, dissolve alkyl silane in anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of alkyl silane is 3%; add nanoparticles and stir for 3 hours, and then fully react the alkyl silane with the particle surface. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the nanoparticles, and dry them; S-2 Nanoparticle dispersion and mixing: Add nanoparticles into anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of nanoparticles is 0.8%; put the obtained mixed solution and OCA optical adhesive into a ball mill, and perform ball milling with zirconium oxide balls at a speed of 200 r / min for 8 h; then discharge the material and let it stand to obtain modified OCA optical adhesive.

[0025] (2) Magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules with a thickness of 5 mm and a side length of 100 mm are spliced ​​with modified OCA optical adhesive and spliced ​​by a vacuum pressing process using a T-type joint combination or a cross-type joint combination. The vacuum pressing process curve is shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0026] (3) Use polyurethane (PU) to bond the 3mm polycarbonate (PC) board and the 7mm high borosilicate glass; use polyurethane (PU) to bond the above-mentioned tic-tac-toe ceramic layer on the other side of the high borosilicate glass; finally, cover the other side of the tic-tac-toe ceramic layer with a layer of 0.7mm high borosilicate glass and bond it with polyurethane (PU). Polyurethane (PU) is bonded to the two sides of the substrate through a vacuum thermal composite process. The vacuum thermal composite process curve is shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, a tic-tac-toe-shaped ceramic composite armor is obtained.

[0027] The tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor prepared in this example was observed, and it was found that there was almost no visual fragmentation and light distortion. Referring to the STANAG-4569 standard, the tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor was tested at a speed of 854±15m / s using a 7.62mm armor-piercing projectile. The impact point was controlled near the center of the target plate, and the target plate was observed after the impact. It was found that the cracks were concentrated in the ceramic module at the center of the target plate, and other modules were less affected. The visible area was measured by the Landet ring test card to be 66%, and the PC back plate was slightly raised and not penetrated.

[0028] Example 3 (1) Preparation of modified OCA optical adhesive S-1 Nanoparticle surface treatment: Wash the zirconium oxide nanoparticles with anhydrous ethanol to remove surface impurities, dissolve alkyl silane in anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of alkyl silane is 5%; add nanoparticles and stir for 4 hours, and then fully react the alkyl silane with the particle surface. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the nanoparticles, and dry them; S-2 Nanoparticle dispersion and mixing: Add nanoparticles into anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of nanoparticles is 1%; put the obtained mixed solution and OCA optical adhesive into a ball mill, and mill with zirconium oxide balls at a speed of 220r / min for 10 h; then discharge the material and let it stand to obtain modified OCA optical adhesive.

[0029] (2) Magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules with a thickness of 6 mm and a side length of 120 mm are spliced ​​with modified OCA optical adhesive and spliced ​​by a vacuum pressing process using a T-type joint combination or a cross-type joint combination. The vacuum pressing process curve is shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0030] (3) Use polyurethane (PU) to bond the 4mm polycarbonate (PC) board and the 9mm high borosilicate glass; use polyurethane (PU) to bond the above-mentioned tic-tac-toe ceramic layer on the other side of the high borosilicate glass; finally, cover the other side of the tic-tac-toe ceramic layer with a layer of 0.9mm high borosilicate glass and bond it with polyurethane (PU). Polyurethane (PU) is bonded to the two sides of the substrate through a vacuum thermal composite process. The vacuum thermal composite process curve is shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, a tic-tac-toe-shaped ceramic composite armor is obtained.

[0031] The tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor prepared in this example was observed, and it was found that there was no obvious visual fragmentation and light distortion. Referring to the STANAG-4569 standard, the tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor was tested at a speed of 854±15m / s using a 7.62mm armor-piercing projectile. The impact point was controlled near the center of the target plate, and the target plate was observed after the impact. It was found that the cracks were concentrated in the ceramic module at the center of the target plate, and other modules were less affected. The visible area was measured by the Landet ring test card to be 68%, and the PC back plate was slightly raised and not penetrated.

[0032] Comparative Example (1) Use polyurethane (PU) to bond 2mm polycarbonate (PC) board and 5mm high borosilicate glass; use polyurethane (PU) to bond 4mm magnesium aluminum spinel ceramic on the other side of the high borosilicate glass; finally, cover the other side of the ceramic layer with a layer of 0.5mm high borosilicate glass and bond it with polyurethane (PU). The size of each layer is 240mm*240mm. Polyurethane (PU) is bonded to the two sides of the substrate through a vacuum thermal composite process. The vacuum thermal composite process curve is shown in the figure. Figure 3 As shown, an integrated ceramic composite armor is obtained.

[0033] The one-piece ceramic composite armor prepared in this comparative example was tested. Referring to the STANAG-4569 standard, a 7.62mm armor-piercing projectile was used to test the one-piece ceramic composite armor at a speed of 854±15m / s. The impact point was controlled near the center of the target plate, and the target plate was observed after the impact. It was found that the crack extension range was large, and the visible area measured by the Landet ring test card was 46%, and the PC back plate was slightly raised and not penetrated.

[0034] From Examples 1, 2, 3 and the comparative example, it can be seen that under the same test standard, the tic-tac-toe ceramic composite armor effectively prevents crack propagation after being hit by an armor-piercing projectile compared to the integrated ceramic composite armor, the visible area is increased by 17-23%, and the protection performance against single-shot armor-piercing projectiles is the same.

[0035] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramic composite armor, characterized in that: The ceramic composite armor is composed of a covering layer (1), a bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2), a buffer layer (3) and an anti-splash layer (4) which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2) is spliced ​​by 9 magnesium-aluminum spinel ceramic modules, and the magnesium-aluminum spinel module is a square structure of 80 mm to 120 mm. The covering layer (1), the buffer layer (3) and the anti-splash layer (4) have the same size as the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2) spliced ​​by magnesium-aluminum spinel modules. The covering layer (1) and the buffer layer (3) are made of high borosilicate glass ceramic material, and the anti-splash layer (4) is made of polycarbonate material.

2. A ceramic composite armor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thicknesses of the covering layer (1), the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2), the buffer layer (3) and the anti-splash layer (4) are 0.5 to 0.9 mm, 4 to 6 mm, 5 to 9 mm and 2 to 4 mm respectively.

3. A method for preparing the ceramic composite armor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: bonding the anti-splash layer (4) and the buffer layer (3) with a bonding material; Step 2: bonding the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2) to the other side of the buffer layer (3), wherein the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2) is spliced ​​into a tic-tac-toe structure by using a T-shaped joint combination or a cross-shaped joint combination of square ceramics, and the splicing seams are all bonded using modified OCA optical adhesive; The modified OCA optical adhesive is prepared by the following steps: S-1 Nanoparticle Surface Treatment: Dissolve alkyl silane in anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of alkyl silane is 1-5%; then add zirconium oxide nanoparticles and stir for 2-4 hours. After the reaction is completed, filter and wash the nanoparticles and dry them; S-2 Nanoparticle dispersion and mixing: Add the nanoparticles obtained in step S-1 into anhydrous ethanol and stir thoroughly, wherein the mass fraction of the nanoparticles is 0.6-1%; put the obtained mixed solution and OCA optical glue into a ball mill for ball milling, then discharge and let stand to obtain modified OCA optical glue; Step 3: Use adhesive material to bond the bullet-facing surface splicing layer (2) and the covering layer (1).

4. The method for preparing the ceramic composite armor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purity of the zirconium oxide nanoparticles in step S-1 is greater than or equal to 99.99%.

5. The method for preparing the ceramic composite armor according to claim 3, characterized in that: Step S-1 also includes: washing the zirconium oxide nanoparticles with anhydrous ethanol to remove surface impurities.

6. The method for preparing ceramic composite armor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ball milling speed in step S-2 is 180-220 r / min, and the ball milling time is 6-10 h.

7. The method for preparing a ceramic composite armor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bonding material between the layers is polyurethane, and the bonding material is bonded to the substrates on both sides through a vacuum thermal composite process.

8. The method for preparing a ceramic composite armor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The modified OCA optical adhesive at the joint seams of the elastic surface joint layer (2) is bonded by a vacuum pressing process.

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