Research on action mechanism of exogenous selenium and silicon on growth and development of tomatoes

Abstract

The invention provides research on an action mechanism of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development, and relates to the technical field of agricultural research, cherry tomatoes are used as materials, Na2SeO3 is used as a selenium source, Na2S O3 is used as a silicon source, ultrapure water is used for dissolution, and influences of selenium (Se) and silicon (S ) with different concentrations on tomato growth characteristics and fruit quality are researched. Exogenous addition of Se and Si fertilizers helps to promote increase of plant height, stem diameter and dry and fresh weight of tomato plants, increase chlorophyll content of seedling leaves and improve photosynthesis of the plants, additional application of Se, Si and Se + Si fertilizers plays a positive role in improvement of fruit quality, and compared with a contrast, the application of Se, Si and Se + Si fertilizers has the advantage that the application amount of Se, Si and Se + Si fertilizers is greatly reduced. Se, S and Se-S fertilizers are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the single fruit weight, the fruit hardness and the soluble protein content of tomato fruits can be improved, the content of soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C, flavonoid and total phenols of the fruits can be increased, and the treatment effect is the best when Se with the concentration of 4 mg / L and S with the concentration of 1.5 mmol / L are adopted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural research, and more specifically, particularly relates to a study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development. Background Art

[0002] The present invention uses cherry tomatoes as materials to study the effects of different concentrations of selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) on tomato growth and fruit quality. Six treatments are set in the preliminary experiment. In the later stage, the optimal Se and Si concentrations are screened out, which proves that exogenous Se and Si can significantly improve plant growth and development and fruit and vegetable quality. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development to solve the above problems.

[0004] The mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development was studied by spraying selenium and silicon on the leaves. Na2SeO3 was used as the selenium source and Na2SiO3 was used as the silicon source. The solution was dissolved in ultrapure water and sprayed evenly on the leaves and stems of tomatoes for observation. The specific steps are as follows:

[0005] S1: Determination of plant growth indicators;

[0006] S2: tomato fruit assay;

[0007] S3: Data processing;

[0008] S4: Results and analysis.

[0009] Preferably, there are 6 treatments for selenium and silicon, and the experiment is repeated 3 times:

[0010] T0: spraying clean water;

[0011] T1: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3;

[0012] T2: spraying 4 mg / L Na2SeO3;

[0013] T3: spraying 1.5 mmol / L Na2S iO3;

[0014] T4: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5mmo l / L Na2SiO3;

[0015] T5: spray 4mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5mmo l / L Na2SiO3.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, when the tomato seedlings grow to five leaves and one heart after transplanting, healthy tomato plants with basically uniform growth are selected for the first test treatment, and the growth indicators of the seedlings are measured 15 days after the treatment.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, fruits of uniform maturity and size at the same period are selected for quality measurement, and 3 plants are measured per treatment, with the measurement repeated 3 times.

[0018] Preferably, in S3, WPS Office was used for data processing and calculation, SPSS22 software (P<0.05) was used for data analysis for significance analysis, and Origin 2021 software was used for drawing.

[0019] Preferably, the sample is dried, ground, mixed, sieved and weighed, and concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid (super pure, GR; v:v=4:1) are added for digestion. The digestion solution is left overnight and heated on a graphite hot plate for digestion on the second day. When the digested liquid becomes colorless or clear, the Se and Si element contents in the test liquid are determined using an I CP-MS mass spectrometer. Each sample is repeated 3 times, and a blank test is performed at the same time.

[0020] Preferably, when cultivating the tomatoes used, the steps are as follows:

[0021] Step 1: Select plump tomato seeds, germinate them in the greenhouse and sow them in 32-hole trays. The matrix used in the experiment is mainly made of matrix soil and vermiculite;

[0022] Step 2: When the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart, move them to a pot with a height of 22 cm, a bottom diameter of 20.5 cm, and an upper diameter of 18.5 cm. Water them immediately after planting. Water them every 3-5 days when the weather is cool, and water them every morning when the weather is hot.

[0023] Step 3: After the seedlings grow to the five-leaf stage, carry out the test treatment. When one ear of flowers blooms, spray the leaves with different concentrations of Se fertilizer and Si fertilizer, once every 7 days, until the five ears of flowers bloom;

[0024] Step 4: Take the third bunch of fruits and measure the single fruit weight, hardness and other indicators.

[0025] Preferably, the substrate used in the test is mainly made of substrate soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1.

[0026] Preferably, the determination of seedling plant growth indicators includes plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight / fresh weight, and chlorophyll content. The plant height is specifically measured by using a tape measure to measure the length from the stem base to the growth point of the top leaves of the main stem, the stem diameter is measured using a vernier caliper, and the chlorophyll content is measured using a SPAD-502P l us portable chlorophyll meter.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] In the present invention, the test results show that the exogenous addition of Se and Si fertilizers is helpful to promote the increase of plant height, stem thickness and dry and fresh weight of tomato plants, increase the chlorophyll content of tomato leaves, and enhance the photosynthesis of plants; the increased application of Se, Si and Se+Si fertilizers has a positive effect on improving fruit quality. Compared with the control, foliar spraying of Se, Si and Se-Si fertilizers can increase the single fruit weight, fruit hardness, soluble protein content of tomato fruits, and increase the soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid, vitamin C, flavonoids and total phenol content of fruits, and the treatment effect of 4 mg / L Se and 1.5 mmo l / L Si is the best.

[0029] In the present invention, it is proved that exogenous Se and Si have the effect of promoting plant growth. Compared with T0, the plant height of T5 and T2 treatments increased by 18.19% and 15.29% respectively, and the stem diameter increased by 10.00% and 6.00% compared with T0. The fresh weight and dry weight of leaves were significantly increased by T5 treatment, which were increased by 42.10% and 45.51% respectively compared with T0. The chlorophyll of T5 treatment increased by 15.21% compared with T0.

[0030] In the present invention, it is proved that the combination of exogenous Se and Si at appropriate concentrations can significantly improve the quality of tomato fruit. Compared with T0, the single fruit weight and firmness of T5 treatment increased by 41.16% and 43.75% respectively, the soluble protein content, soluble solids, soluble sugar, titratable acid and vitamin C increased by 20.97%, 88.38%, 42.25%, 44.13% and 48.51% respectively compared with T0, the flavonoids and total phenols increased by 37.46% and 37.64% respectively compared with T0, and the Se and Si element contents increased by 12.85% and 35.67% respectively compared with T0. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 It is the determination of the growth index of tomato seedlings by Se and Si treatment in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 The effect of Se and Si treatments on single tomato fruit weight in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is the effect of Se and Si treatment on tomato fruit quality indexes in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 is the effect of Se and Si on the flavonoid and total phenolic contents of tomato fruit in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is the effect of Se and Si on the Se and Si element contents in tomato fruit in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0037] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development. The tomato variety used for the test is cherry tomato (Solanum l ycopersicum L.), which was purchased from Beijing Boshou Seed Co., Ltd., and the fertilizers used for the test are sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3), which were purchased from Haoboyou Technology Co., Ltd.

[0038] The experiment adopted the potted method, and the tomato variety for the test was cherry tomato. The experiment adopted the method of foliar spraying of selenium and silicon, with Na2SeO3 as the selenium source and Na2SiO3 as the silicon source. They were dissolved in ultrapure water, prepared into a solution, and evenly sprayed on the leaves and stems.

[0039] There are 6 treatments for selenium and silicon:

[0040] T0: spraying clean water;

[0041] T1: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3;

[0042] T2: spraying 4 mg / L Na2SeO3;

[0043] T3: spraying 1.5 mmol / L Na2S iO3;

[0044] T4: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5mmo l / L Na2S iO3;

[0045] T5: spraying 4 mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5 mmol / L Na2S iO3, the experiment was repeated 3 times.

[0046] Tomatoes Select plump tomato seeds, germinate in the greenhouse and sow in 32-hole trays. The substrate used in the experiment is mainly made of substrate soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:1. When the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart, they are moved to a flower pot with a height of 22 cm, a bottom diameter of 20.5 cm, and an upper diameter of 18.5 cm for cultivation. Water immediately after planting. During the entire growth period, fertilizer and water management are unified according to the weather and growth conditions;

[0047] After the five-leaf stage, wait until one ear of flowers blooms, and spray different concentrations of Se fertilizer and Si fertilizer on the leaves, once every 7 days, until the fifth ear of flowers blooms (a total of 4 sprays). When the fruit is ripe, take the third ear of fruit and measure the single fruit weight and hardness and other indicators.

[0048] Plant growth index determination:

[0049] When the tomato seedlings grow to five leaves and one heart after transplanting and planting, healthy and basically uniform tomato seedlings are selected for the first test treatment. After 15 days of treatment, the growth indexes of the seedlings are measured.

[0050] The plant height was measured with a tape measure from the stem base to the growth point of the top leaf of the main stem, and the stem diameter was measured with a vernier caliper. The dry weight / fresh weight of the leaves was determined by taking the leaves and underground roots of the plants, cleaning them and wiping off excess water, weighing the fresh weight, then killing them at 105°C for 30 min, drying them at 80°C to constant weight, and then weighing the dry weight. The chlorophyll content was determined using a SPAD-502P l us portable chlorophyll meter. At the early stage of flowering and fruiting, the fully expanded functional leaves at the same part of the plant were selected for determination. Four plants were measured in each treatment, and three leaves were measured for each plant, and the average value was taken.

[0051] Tomato fruit assay:

[0052] The third bunch of fruits with uniform maturity and size in the same period were selected for quality measurement. Three plants were measured for each treatment, and the results were repeated three times. The soluble solids content was measured using a handheld refractometer, the soluble sugar content was measured using the "anthrone colorimetric method", the VC content was measured using the "2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol titration method", the titratable acid content was measured using the "phenolphthalein titration method", the soluble protein content was measured using the "Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 method", and the flavonoids and total phenol content were measured using the "hydrochloric acid methanol colorimetric method". The samples were dried, ground, mixed, sieved, and weighed, and concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid (super pure, GR; v:v=4:1) were added for digestion. The digestion solution was left overnight and heated on a graphite hot plate on the second day for digestion. When the digested liquid became colorless or clear, the Se and Si element contents in the test solution were determined using an ICP-MS mass spectrometer. Each sample was repeated three times, and a blank test was performed at the same time.

[0053] WPS Office was used for data processing and calculation, SPSS22 software (P<0.05) was used for data analysis, and Organization 2021 software was used for drawing.

[0054] Results and analysis:

[0055] 1. Effects of exogenous selenium and silicon treatment on the growth of tomato seedlings:

[0056] Depend on Figure 1It can be seen that the T5 and T2 treatments can significantly increase the height of tomato plants, which are 18.19% and 15.29% higher than the T0 treatment, respectively, followed by the T3 and T4 treatments, which are 6.99% and 7.91% higher than T0, respectively. There is no significant difference between T1 and T0. Foliar spraying of Se and Si can increase the stem thickness of seedlings to varying degrees, among which T2 and T5 treatments are the best, which are 10.00% and 6.00% higher than the T0 treatment, respectively, followed by T1, T3 and T4 treatments, which are 2.00%, 4.00% and 4.00% higher than the T0 treatment, respectively. Foliar spraying of Se and Si can increase the stem thickness of seedlings to varying degrees. i could increase the fresh weight of seedlings, among which T5 treatment had the highest value, increasing by 42.10% compared with T0 treatment, followed by T2, T3 and T4 treatments, increasing by 29.81%, 22.74% and 27.60% respectively compared with T0 treatment, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T0 treatments. In terms of dry weight of tomato seedlings, T5 treatment had the highest value, increasing by 45.51% compared with T0 treatment, followed by T2, T3 and T4 treatments, increasing by 32.34%, 30.54% and 32.93% respectively compared with T0 treatment, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T0 treatments. Foliar spraying of Se and Si could increase the chlorophyll content of seedlings to varying degrees, among which T5 treatment had the highest value, increasing by 15.21% compared with T0 treatment, followed by T3 and T4 treatments, increasing by 8.72% and 8.32% respectively compared with T0 treatment, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T2 and T0 treatment.

[0057] 2. Effects of exogenous selenium and silicon on single fruit weight of tomato:

[0058] Depend on Figure 2 It can be seen that compared with the control, foliar spraying of Se and Si can significantly increase the weight of single tomato fruit. The single fruit weight of T5 treatment was the largest, which was 18.57g, an increase of 41.16% over the control. T2 and T4 treatments were second, with no significant difference between the two, increasing by 24.35% and 32.26% respectively over the control. There was no significant difference between T1 and T3 either.

[0059] 3. Effects of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato fruit quality:

[0060] Depend on Figure 3It can be seen that the fruit hardness of T5 treatment was the largest, which was 1.76N, an increase of 43.75% compared with T0, and T1-T4 were significantly different from T0. The soluble protein content of tomatoes was significantly increased in T3, T4 and T5 treatments, which were 13.83%, 17.22% and 20.97% higher than T0, respectively. T5 treatment was the best, and there was no significant difference between T1 and T0. Foliar spraying of Se and Si could increase the soluble solid content of tomato fruit to varying degrees, with an increase of 30.85%-88.38%, among which T5 treatment had the highest increase of 88.38% compared with T0, followed by T4 treatment, which increased by 75.96% compared with T0. T1-T3 treatments also reached a significant level of difference with T0. Foliar spraying of Se and S i also contributed to the increase of soluble sugar content in tomato fruit, among which T3-T5 increased by 39.80%, 44.26% and 45.25% respectively compared with T0, followed by T2 treatment, which increased by 31.54% compared with T0, and T1 treatment increased by 9.20% compared with T0. Foliar spraying of Se and Si can increase the titratable acid content in tomato fruit, among which T5 treatment was the highest, increasing by 44.13% compared with T0, followed by T4 and T2 treatments, which increased by 39.11% and 29.05% respectively compared with T0, and T3 increased by 24.02% compared with T0. T1 treatment had little effect on the titratable acid content of tomato. Foliar spraying of Se and Si can increase the vitamin C content in tomato fruit, and there is no significant difference between T2-T5 treatments, which increased by 33.49%, 39.63%, 41.05% and 48.51% respectively compared with T0, followed by T1 treatment, which increased by 16.34% compared with T0.

[0061] 4. Effects of exogenous selenium and silicon on flavonoids and total phenolic content in tomato fruit:

[0062] Depend on Figure 4 It can be seen that foliar spraying of Se and Si significantly increased the flavonoid content of tomato fruits. Among them, the flavonoid content of T5 treatment was the highest, increasing by 37.46% compared with T0; followed by T4 treatment, increasing by 27.60% compared with T0; T2 and T3 treatments increased by 17.70% and 15.57% respectively compared with T0; T1 increased by 8.77% compared with T0. Foliar spraying of Se and Si also contributed to the increase of total phenolic content in tomato fruits. Among them, the total phenolic content of T5 treatment was the highest, increasing by 37.64% compared with T0; followed by T4 treatment, increasing by 30.33% compared with T0; T1, T2 and T3 treatments had no significant difference from T0.

[0063] For the flavonoid and total phenolic contents in tomato fruit, the best combination of Se and Si fertilizers for foliar spraying was treatment T5.

[0064] 5. Effects of exogenous selenium and silicon on Se and Si contents in tomato fruit:

[0065] Depend on Figure 5It can be seen that foliar spraying of Se and Si can increase the Se and Si contents of tomato fruits to varying degrees. The Se content in T5 treatment was the highest, increasing by 12.85% compared with T0, followed by T4 treatment, increasing by 8.40% compared with T0, and T1 and T2 treatments increasing by 1.84% and 2.97% respectively compared with T0. T3 treatment had no effect on Se content. The Se content in T2 and T5 treatments differed by 3.5 times, which may be related to Si promoting the absorption of Se by plants. The Si content in T5 treatment was the highest, increasing by 35.67% compared with T0, followed by T4 and T3 treatments, increasing by 24.86% and 20.72% respectively compared with T0 treatment. There was no significant difference between T1 and T2 treatments and T0 treatment.

[0066] The experimental results showed that exogenous addition of Se and Si fertilizers could help increase the height, stem thickness and dry and fresh weight of tomato plants, increase the chlorophyll content of seedling leaves, and enhance the photosynthesis of plants; the application of Se, Si and Se+S i fertilizers had a positive effect on improving fruit quality. Compared with the control, foliar spraying of Se, Si and Se-S i fertilizers could increase the single fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble protein content, and soluble solids, soluble sugars, titratable acid, vitamin C, flavonoids and total phenolic content of tomato fruits, and the best effects were achieved with 4 mg / LSe and 1.5 mmo l / LSi.

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

Claims

1. Study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development, characterized by: The method of spraying selenium and silicon on the leaves was adopted. Na2SeO3 was used as the selenium source and Na2SiO3 was used as the silicon source. They were dissolved in ultrapure water and made into a solution. The solution was evenly sprayed on the above-ground part of the tomato plant for observation. The specific steps were as follows: S1: Determination of plant growth indicators; S2: Tomato fruit quality determination; S3: Data processing; S4: Results and analysis.

2. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: There were 6 treatments for selenium and silicon, and the experiment was repeated 3 times: T0: spraying 0 mg / L Na2SeO3 (clear water, control); T1: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3; T2: spraying 4 mg / L Na2SeO3; T3: spraying 1.5mmol / L Na2SiO3; T4: spraying 2mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5mmol / L Na2SiO3; T5: spray 4mg / L Na2SeO3+1.5mmol / L Na2SiO3.

3. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, when the tomato seedlings grew to five leaves and one heart after transplanting, healthy tomatoes with basically uniform growth were selected for the first experimental treatment. After 15 days of treatment, the plant growth indicators were measured.

4. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, fruits with uniform maturity and size at the same period were selected for quality measurement, with three plants measured in each treatment and repeated three times.

5. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The sample was dried, ground, mixed, sieved and weighed, and concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid (super pure, GR; v:v=4:1) were added for digestion. The digestion solution was left overnight and heated on a graphite hot plate for digestion on the second day. When the digested liquid became colorless or clear, the Se and Si content in the test liquid was determined using an ICP-MS mass spectrometer. Each sample was repeated 3 times, and a blank test was performed at the same time.

6. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, WPS Office was used for data processing and calculation, SPSS22 software (P<0.05) was used for data analysis, and Origin 2021 software was used for drawing.

7. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When growing the tomatoes used, the steps are as follows: Step 1: Select plump tomato seeds, germinate them in the greenhouse and sow them in 32-hole trays. The matrix used in the experiment is mainly made of matrix soil and vermiculite. Step 2: When the seedlings grow to three leaves and one heart, move them to a pot with a height of 22 cm, a bottom diameter of 20.5 cm, and an upper diameter of 18.5 cm. Water them immediately after planting. During the entire growing period, manage fertilizer and water uniformly according to the weather and growth conditions; Step 3: After the plant grows to the five-leaf stage and one ear of flowers blooms, spray the leaves with different concentrations of Se fertilizer and Si fertilizer, once every 7 days until the fifth ear of flowers blooms, a total of 4 times; Step 4: After the fruits are ripe, take the third bunch of fruits and measure the single fruit weight, hardness and other indicators.

8. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The matrix used in the experiment was mainly made of matrix soil and vermiculite in a ratio of 3:

1.

9. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The growth indicators of seedlings included plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight / fresh weight, and chlorophyll content.

10. The study on the mechanism of action of exogenous selenium and silicon on tomato growth and development as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The plant height was measured by using a tape measure from the stem base to the growth point of the top leaf of the main stem, the stem diameter was measured using a vernier caliper, and the chlorophyll content was determined using a SPAD-502Plus portable chlorophyll meter.

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