Three-color leek cultivation method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly relates to a three-color leek cultivation method. The three-color Chinese chive cultivation method comprises the following steps that after Chinese chives grow to 28-35 cm in an open field, the Chinese chives grow in a shading mode for 3-6 days, yellow leaves grow out of the Chinese chives, the yellow leaves grow to 5-15 cm, the harvesting depth in soil is 3-5 cm, and the three-color Chinese chives are obtained. According to the cultivation method, an open field and covering shading mode is adopted, open field growth lasts for 23-26 days, covering shading lasts for 3-6 days, one-crop production time lasts for 27-32 days, allium tuberosum production is easy to operate and manage, when the allium tuberosum is planted on a large scale, a shading arched shed is built after the allium tuberosum grows to a certain height, the cultivation efficiency of the allium tuberosum can be remarkably improved, the content of crude fibers of the allium tuberosum is low, and the allium tuberosum is high in yield. The quality is high, the taste is good, and the income per mu is increased by 52.57% compared with that of leek production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and in particular to a method for cultivating tricolor leek. Background Art

[0002] Leeks are perennial root vegetables. Their main nutrients include vitamin C, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, carotene, carbohydrates, and minerals. They are rich in nutrients, can be eaten in many ways, and have certain therapeutic and health benefits, making them a popular vegetable. Leek cultivation methods include seed seedling transplanting and direct seeding. Leek production methods include open field cultivation, off-season greenhouse cultivation, and hydroponics. Chive greens can be produced using shaded methods such as straw mats, clay pots, plastic barrels, and cellars.

[0003] At present, open-field production of leek accounts for about 70% of the annual market supply, and off-season greenhouse production accounts for about 30% of the annual market supply. In most parts of my country, open-field leek production can be produced from March to October. Open-field cultivation of leek has the characteristics of low investment, good management, long production period, high yield, and sufficient market supply. However, leek produced from May to August when the light is strong and the temperature is high has a high crude fiber content, reduced quality, reduced sales volume, and low market price, which affects the economic benefits of growers. Leek products are of high quality and high price, but the cultivation method requires large investment, high labor, low single-crop yield, few annual harvests, and unsatisfactory benefits.

[0004] The three-color leek product has three colors: green, yellow and white. The leaves grown naturally in the open field are green, the leaves grown after covering and shading are yellow, and the leaf sheaths harvested from the roots and the surface soil are white, that is, one leek has three colors. The product has the characteristics of leek and leek greens, with a tender and novel appearance, low crude fiber content and good taste. This cultivation method enriches the diversity of leek products supplying the market.

[0005] In 2008, Wang Honghong et al. published the open-field cultivation technology and facility cultivation technology of three-color leek in the article "Three-color leek cultivation technology". The open-field cultivation technology of three-color leek is to add soil when the leek buds grow to 1-5 cm after turning green. The prepared sun-dried soil is used to form 5-10 cm high ridges between the leek rows, which are wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. The leek is slightly exposed at the bottom of the ditch between the ridges. When the leek grows to 10 cm, the soil is added twice, and the height of the two soil additions is 10 cm. m, harvested when the leek grows to 25 cm, and the resulting three-color leek has a silvery white lower part of the leaf sheath, golden yellow upper and lower parts of the leaf sheath, and dark green upper parts of the leaf blade; the three-color leek facility cultivation technology is mainly used for the cultivation of three-color leek in winter. After the beginning of winter and before the soil freezes, build a windbreak, cover the cultivation bed with straw mats, roll up the straw mats at noon to increase the ground temperature, cover with straw mats in the afternoon to keep warm, and cultivate the soil 2 to 3 times. Finally, the soil ridge is 15 to 20 cm high, and the leek is harvested when it grows to more than 25 cm.

[0006] However, the above-mentioned open-field cultivation and facility cultivation of tricolor leek require soil management 2 to 3 times between each row, and each time the soil is piled up, a certain height of soil ridges must be formed. The formation of the yellow part of the tricolor leek is achieved by the height of the soil. Facility cultivation is to increase the temperature of the cultivation bed in winter to meet the temperature requirements of the tricolor leek growth. This technology has complex cultivation methods, high labor investment, and low cultivation efficiency when used for large-scale planting. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The invention provides a three-color leek cultivation method, which solves the problems of complex cultivation method and low cultivation efficiency in large-scale cultivation of three-color leek in the prior art.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the three-color leek cultivation method of the present invention is: A tricolor leek cultivation method comprises the following steps: growing the leek in the open field to a plant height of 28-35 cm, then shading the leek for 3-6 days, growing yellow leaves, and harvesting the yellow leaves when they grow to a height of 5-15 cm, burying them in the soil to a depth of 3-5 cm to obtain the tricolor leek.

[0009] The present invention improves the existing technology and provides a three-color leek cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps: first, the leek is grown in the open field to a certain height to obtain green leaves of the three-color leek; then, the leek is shaded for a certain period of time, and the leaves continue to grow. The leaves that continue to grow turn yellow due to the shaded growth; the leek is planted at a certain depth and the root soil is piled up, and the leaf sheaths turn white. The leek is harvested at a depth of 3 to 5 cm into the ground, which is conducive to maintaining the commercial quality of the white part of the three-color leek; after being harvested at an appropriate depth into the soil, the upper leaves are green, the lower leaves are yellow, and the leaf sheaths are white. Three-color leek; the cultivation method of the present invention adopts an open field + shading mode, with open field growth for 23 to 26 days and covered shading for 3 to 6 days, resulting in a production period of 27 to 32 days. The production of three-color leek is easy to operate and easy to manage. The leek that has grown for a period of time is shaded for growth. The cultivation method is simple and efficient. When the three-color leek is cultivated on a large scale, the leek can be shaded after growing to a certain height. The cultivation efficiency of the three-color leek can be significantly improved. The three-color leek has a low crude fiber content, is of high quality, and has a good taste. Compared with leek production, the annual income per mu increases by 52.57%.

[0010] In order to further improve the shading efficiency and improve the quality of the yellow leaves, preferably, the shading growth is carried out in a shading arch shed, and the shading arch shed is first covered with a black gardening cloth on the arch shed frame, and then covered with a black sunshade net on the black gardening cloth. More preferably, the shading arch shed is first covered with a layer of black gardening cloth on the arch shed frame, and then covered with a layer of black sunshade net on the black gardening cloth, and the surrounding areas are compacted during covering to make the shed opaque. While covering the black gardening cloth on the arch shed frame to block light, it will absorb a large amount of heat. In order to prevent high temperature from burning the leek, a black sunshade net is added on the black gardening cloth to reduce the temperature in the arch shed and improve the shading effect in the shed. When planting tricolor leek on a large scale, a shading arch shed can be built after the leek grows to a certain height for shading growth, which can significantly improve the cultivation efficiency of tricolor leek.

[0011] In order to further provide sufficient moisture to the leeks during shading growth, preferably, water is poured once 2 to 5 days before the shading growth.

[0012] In order to further improve the growth efficiency of the three-color leek in spring, summer and autumn, preferably, when the three-color leek is cultivated in spring, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28 to 32 cm and then shaded for 4 to 6 days; when the three-color leek is cultivated in summer, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28 to 32 cm and then shaded for 3 to 4 days; when the three-color leek is cultivated in autumn, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28 to 35 cm and then shaded for 3 to 6 days.

[0013] In order to further prevent excessive humidity in the greenhouse during shading growth, thereby causing gray mold and leaf tip rot, and to improve the quality of tricolor leek products, preferably, ventilation and moisture removal are performed at night during the shading growth period. After ventilation and moisture removal at night, the ventilation and moisture removal ports are closed at dawn.

[0014] In order to further improve the efficiency of tricolor leek cultivation and avoid soil management in the early stage of cultivation, preferably, the leek is transplanted and planted at a depth of 7 to 10 cm before outdoor growth, and no soil management is performed in the first and second years. In the third and fourth years, soil is piled 3 to 5 cm thick at the root of the leek. Since the depth of the tricolor leek is 7 to 10 cm when it is planted, soil management is not required in the first and second years of planting, which greatly reduces the cultivation cost of the tricolor leek and makes the cultivation of the tricolor leek simpler and more efficient.

[0015] To further simplify soiling management, preferably, wide and narrow row spacings are used for transplanting the leeks before they are grown in the open field. The wide row spacing is 45-50 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 25-28 cm. When transplanting, the roots are covered with 3-5 cm of soil. In the third and fourth years, the wide row topsoil is combined with intertillage to build up a 3-5 cm thick soil at the roots of the leeks. This avoids long-distance soil transportation and reduces soiling labor and investment.

[0016] In order to further improve the control effect of diseases and pests during the cultivation of tricolor leek in spring and autumn, preferably, when the tricolor leek is cultivated in spring or autumn, if gray mold and leek maggots appear on the leek, 40% pyrimethanil suspoemulsion 1000~1200 times solution or 65% foramoxadone wettable powder 600~700 times solution should be used for spraying control in the early stage of gray mold, and spray once every 5~7 days; leek maggots should be controlled by root irrigation with 28% cypermethrin·thiamethoxam suspoemulsion 1500~1800 times solution or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate 2000~2500 times solution each. The diseases and pests when cultivating tricolor leek in spring are gray mold and leek maggots; there are relatively more diseases and pests when cultivating tricolor leek in autumn. In the early autumn, there is a lot of rain and the temperature is high, which makes it easy for epidemic diseases to occur. In the middle and late autumn, gray mold is easy to occur. The main pests are leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips. The gray mold and leek maggots that occur in tricolor leek cultivation in autumn can be controlled by spring prevention and control methods.

[0017] In order to further improve the control effect of diseases and pests during the cultivation of tricolor leek in summer and autumn, preferably, when the leek is cultivated in summer or autumn, if blight, leek maggots, leafminers and thrips appear on the leek, 72% cypermethrin·mancozeb wettable powder or 72% formamide·mancozeb wettable powder at a concentration of 700-800 times should be used for foliar spraying at the initial stage of the disease, and spray once every 5-7 days. Use 1500-1800 times of 28% cypermethrin·clothianidin suspoemulsion or 2000-2500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate to irrigate the roots to control leek maggots, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leafminers and thrips. In summer, when the temperature is high, the main disease of tricolor leek cultivation is blight, and the main pests are leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips. When tricolor leek cultivation is carried out in autumn, the blight and leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips pests can be controlled by the same disease and pest control methods as those used for tricolor leek cultivation in summer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a photo of three-color leek obtained by the three-color leek cultivation method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical concept of the three-color leek cultivation method provided by the present invention is as follows: A tricolor leek cultivation method comprises the following steps: growing the leek in the open field to a plant height of 28-35 cm, then shading the leek for 3-6 days, growing yellow leaves, and harvesting the yellow leaves when they grow to a height of 5-15 cm, burying them in the soil to a depth of 3-5 cm to obtain the tricolor leek.

[0021] The invention allows leeks to grow in the open field to a certain height to obtain green leaves of the three-color leeks, then shades the leeks for a certain period of time, and the leaves continue to grow. The leaves that continue to grow turn yellow due to the shaded growth. The leeks are planted at a certain depth and the root soil is piled up, and the leaf sheaths turn white. The leeks are harvested at a depth of 3 to 5 cm in the ground, which is conducive to maintaining the commercial quality of the white part of the three-color leeks. After being harvested at an appropriate depth in the ground, the three-color leeks (such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 The cultivation method of the present invention adopts an open field + shading mode, with open field growth for 23 to 26 days and covered shading for 3 to 6 days, resulting in a production period of 27 to 32 days. The production of three-color leek is easy to operate and manage, and the leek that has been growing for a period of time is shaded for growth. The cultivation method is simple and efficient. When the three-color leek is cultivated on a large scale, the leek can be shaded after growing to a certain height. The cultivation efficiency of the three-color leek can be significantly improved. The three-color leek has a low crude fiber content, excellent quality, and a good taste. Compared with the leek production, the annual income per mu increases by 52.57%.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, the ventilation and dehumidification is to open the shielding materials at both ends and both sides of the shading arch to form ventilation and dehumidification openings, and multiple ventilation and dehumidification openings are provided on each side of the ventilation and dehumidification openings on both sides, and the interval between two adjacent ventilation and dehumidification openings is 5 to 8 meters.

[0023] In a specific embodiment, the leek is transplanted and planted before outdoor growth with a wide row spacing of 45 to 50 cm, a narrow row spacing of 25 to 28 cm, and a hole spacing of 12 to 18 cm. 7 to 10 plants are planted in each hole, and the planting depth is 7 to 10 cm. The root covering soil thickness is 3 to 5 cm during planting. The appropriate thickness of the covering soil is conducive to the growth of the seedlings after planting, and the ratio of the number of wide and narrow rows is 1:2.

[0024] In a specific embodiment, the leek is planted by seed seedling transplanting, the seedling raising period is from late March to mid-April, the seedling age is 70 to 80 days, the plant height is above 25 cm, and the transplanting and planting is carried out from mid-June to early July.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, watering is performed promptly after planting, followed by watering every 4 to 10 days thereafter, and fertilizing is performed once every 30 to 35 days after seedlings have reappeared, combined with intertillage and watering. When pests and diseases occur, timely prevention and control measures are taken. Providing the water and nutrients required for the growth of tricolor leeks after planting can improve the quality and yield of tricolor leeks.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, the post-planting topdressing comprises 20-30 kg of potassium sulfate-based three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10-15 kg of urea, and 100-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per mu. This can promote root growth and development, cultivating strong root stocks for tricolor leek production.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, before plowing the land grown in the open field, 3000-4000 kg of decomposed finely crushed organic fertilizer, 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, and 10-20 kg of urea are applied per mu. The plowing depth is 30-35 cm, and the land is finely harrowed and leveled after deep plowing.

[0028] In a specific embodiment, the shading arch frame can be made of glass fiber rods (diameter 10-12 mm), galvanized steel pipes (diameter 21-27 mm) and other materials, and the unit area mass of the woven black gardening cloth is 90-100 g / m 2 The shading rate of the black shade net is 95~98%; an arch shade shed frame is built on the planting bed with a width of 2.5~3.5m, the frame interval is 0.8~1.2m, and the frame is inserted into the bed ridge with a depth of 15~20cm across the bed surface.

[0029] In a specific embodiment, when the three-color leek is produced in spring, the aboveground dead leaves are removed in early to mid-February, and 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 2500-3000 kg of decomposed finely crushed organic fertilizer (chicken manure, pig manure) are applied per mu. After fertilization, the soil is cultivated and watered.

[0030] In a specific embodiment, the method for preventing and controlling gray mold is as follows: in the early stage of gray mold, spray 1000-1200 times of 40% pyrimethanil suspoemulsion or 600-700 times of 65% formyxin wettable powder for prevention and control, once every 5-7 days; In a specific embodiment, the method for preventing and controlling the disease is: when the disease first occurs, spray 72% cymoxanil·mancozeb wettable powder, or 72% formamide·mancozeb wettable powder at a concentration of 700-800 times on the leaves for prevention and control, once every 5-7 days.

[0031] In a specific embodiment, the method for controlling leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips pests is: use 1500-1800 times of 28% chlorfenapyr·clothianidin suspension emulsion, or 2000-2500 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, irrigate the roots to control leek maggots, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips.

[0032] In a specific embodiment, when the tricolor leek is harvested in the same year, the shovel is inserted into the ground 3 to 5 cm. After the last harvest of the tricolor leek in October, the gardening cloth and shade net are removed, and the trellis is dismantled for winter field management.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, during the production and harvesting period, the tricolor leek is top-dressed once per harvest, with 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 120-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer applied per mu. When the harvest interval is 2-3 crops, 2500-3000 kg of decomposed fine organic fertilizer is applied per mu. During the spring and autumn harvest periods, water is applied 3-5 times per crop, and during the summer harvest period, water is applied 4-6 times per crop.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, the leek varieties are selected to have good uprightness, large plants and wide leaves, strong growth, disease resistance and high quality, and are non-dormant varieties, such as Hangyan 998, Pingfeng No. 8, Jiubao and other varieties.

[0035] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0036] 1. Specific embodiment of the three-color leek cultivation method of the present invention Example 1 The three-color leek cultivation method of the present embodiment is as follows: 1) Variety selection The leek varieties selected are those with good uprightness, large plants and wide leaves, strong growth, disease resistance, high quality, and no dormancy, such as Hangyan 998, Pingfeng No. 8, Jiubao, etc.

[0037] 2) Land selection Choose a plot with fertile soil, flat terrain, good irrigation conditions, neutral or weakly acidic soil, and no onions, leeks, or garlic vegetables planted in the previous 2 to 3 years.

[0038] 3) Fertilizing cultivated land Before plowing the land, apply 3000~4000kg of decomposed finely crushed organic fertilizer, 50~60kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, and 10~20kg of urea per mu. The plowing depth should be 30~35cm. After deep plowing, harrow and level the land.

[0039] 4) Make ridges The land is made into ridges, and the ridge length is flexibly controlled according to the conditions of the plot. The ridge length is 20~80m, the ridge width is 2.5~3.5m, the ridge width is 50~60cm, and the ridge height is 15~20cm. After making the ridge, the ridge surface is leveled.

[0040] 5) Colonization Seedlings are raised from late March to mid-April. When the seedlings are 70 to 80 days old and the plant height is more than 25 cm, they can be transplanted when they have four leaves and one heart from mid-June to early July. The wide row spacing for transplanting is 45 to 50 cm, the narrow row spacing is 25 to 28 cm, the hole spacing is 12 to 18 cm, 7 to 10 trees are planted in each hole, the planting depth is 7 to 10 cm, the roots are covered with 3 to 5 cm of soil when transplanting, and the ratio of wide to narrow rows is 1:2.

[0041] 6) Field management after planting Water the soil promptly after transplanting, and then water once every 4 to 10 days depending on the soil moisture. After transplanting and seedlings returning, fertilize once every 30 to 35 days in combination with tillage and watering. Apply 20 to 30 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10 to 15 kg of urea, and 100 to 150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per mu. Take timely prevention and control measures for diseases and insect pests when they occur to promote root growth and development, and cultivate strong root plants for the production of tricolor leek.

[0042] 7) Shading growth From March to October, when the open-field leeks have grown for 23 to 26 days and have grown to a height of 28 to 35 cm, a shade shed is built. The frame of the shade shed is made of galvanized pipe (diameter 21.3 mm), and the shading material is woven black gardening cloth (unit area mass 90 g / m 2 ) and black shade netting (95% shading efficiency); construct an arched shade shed frame over a 3.5m wide planting bed, spaced 1.2m apart and inserted 15-20cm deep into the bed ridge. To shade the shed, first cover the arch with a layer of black weed-proof cloth, then add the shade netting over the black weed-proof cloth, compacting the edges to block light. Chives should be grown in the shaded arch for 3-6 days. At night, open the ends and sides of the shed for ventilation and moisture dissipation. Ventilation openings should be spaced 5-8m apart on both sides. Close the ventilation openings at daybreak and ventilate at night to prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot. Harvest when the plants reach 35-45cm in height and two to three heart leaves have grown, with yellow leaves 5-15cm long.

[0043] 8) Spring tricolor leek cultivation In early to mid-February, remove dead leaves on the aboveground parts, and apply 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K 15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 2500-3000 kg of decomposed fine organic fertilizer (chicken manure, pig manure) per mu. After fertilization, cultivate and water the land. The spring pests and diseases of leek are gray mold and leek maggots. In the early stage of gray mold, use 1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil suspension emulsion or 700 times of 65% foramoxadone wettable powder for spraying prevention and control, and spray once every 5-7 days. For leek maggots, use 1500 times of 28% cypermethrin·thiamethoxam suspension emulsion, or a mixture of 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate, and irrigate the roots for prevention and control. When the leek grows to a height of 28-32 cm, build a shaded arch shed for shaded growth. Water it once 3-5 days before the shaded growth. After the shaded growth, open the ends and sides of the shaded arch shed at night for ventilation and moisture dissipation. Set one ventilation and moisture dissipation opening on both sides every 5-8 meters. Close the ventilation and moisture dissipation openings at dawn in the morning. Ventilate at night to prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0044] Grow in shade for 4 to 6 days, and when 2 to 3 heart leaves of the leek grow and the yellow leaves are 5 to 15 cm long, the tricolor leek can be harvested when the plant height is 35 to 45 cm. When harvesting, the shovel should be inserted 3 to 5 cm into the ground. Do not dismantle the trellis after harvesting, and the next crop can be used continuously. Remove the gardening ground cloth and shade net, carry out field tillage, weeding, fertilization and watering, and start the next crop production management.

[0045] 9) Summer tricolor chive cultivation During the hot summer months, the main diseases of leeks are blight, and the main pests are leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips. During the initial outbreak of blight, spray foliage with a 700-fold dilution of 72% cymoxanil-manganese zinc wettable powder or a 72% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder, every 5-7 days. Use a 1500-fold dilution of 28% chlorfenapyr-clothianidin suspoemulsion or a 2000-fold dilution of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate to control leek maggots through root irrigation, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips. Reproductive growth begins in July and August, with frequent bolting. Remove the flower stalks every 3-5 days to reduce nutrient consumption. When leeks reach 28-32 cm in height, build a shadehouse to shade them. Water once 2 to 3 days before shading growth. After shading growth, open the ends and sides of the shading arch shed at night for ventilation and moisture dissipation. Set one ventilation and moisture dissipation opening on both sides every 5 to 8 meters. Close the ventilation and moisture dissipation openings at dawn in the morning. Ventilate at night to prevent excessive humidity from causing gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0046] Shade the leeks for 3-4 days, and when 2-3 heart leaves grow and the leaves are 5-15 cm long, the leeks can be harvested when they are 35-45 cm tall. Use a spade to dig 3-5 cm into the ground. Leave the trellises in place after harvesting, and the next crop can be used. Remove the gardening ground cloth and shade net, and begin tillage, weeding, fertilizing, and watering in the field before starting the next crop.

[0047] 10) Cultivating tricolor chives in autumn There are relatively more diseases and insect pests in autumn. In the early stage of autumn, there is more rain and higher temperature, which makes it easy for blight to occur. In the middle and late stages, gray mold is easy to occur. The main pests are leek maggots, leafminers, thrips, etc. In the early stage of the blight, use 72% cymoxanil·manganese zinc wettable powder or 72% formamide·manganese zinc wettable powder 700 times diluted for foliar spraying, spray once every 5 to 7 days. In the early stage of gray mold, use 1000 times diluted 40% pyrimethanil suspoemulsion. Or spray 700 times diluted 65% formyxin wettable powder for prevention and control, spraying once every 5-7 days. Use 1500 times diluted 28% chlorfenapyr-clothianidin suspoemulsion, or a mixture of 2000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, irrigate the roots to control leek maggots, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips. When the leek grows to 28-35 cm in height, build an arch shed for shaded growth. Water once every 2-4 days before shaded growth. After shaded growth, open the ends and sides of the shed at night for ventilation and moisture dissipation. Set ventilation and moisture dissipation openings every 5-8 meters on both sides. Close the ventilation and moisture dissipation openings at dawn. Ventilate at night to prevent excessive humidity and the occurrence of gray mold and leaf tip rot.

[0048] Shade the chives for 3-6 days until they have 2-3 heart leaves, yellow leaves 5-15 cm long, and are ready for harvest when they are 35-45 cm tall. Use a spade to dig 3-5 cm into the ground. After harvesting, remove the gardening cloth and shade nets, and dismantle the trellises for winter field management.

[0049] 11) Winter management The harvest of tricolor leeks stops in late October. This is the end of autumn and the beginning of winter, and the temperature is high enough for leeks to still grow. At this time, field management such as tillage, topdressing, watering, and prevention and control of leek maggots are carried out to promote the growth of leek roots, cultivate strong plants for wintering, and enhance resistance. In early to mid-December, water the plants for wintering, and carry out tillage and loosening of the soil 5 to 7 cm deep to prevent leek roots and stems from being damaged by low temperatures.

[0050] 12) Harvest Time In the Yellow River region, seedlings are raised from mid-March to mid-April, transplanted and planted from mid-June to early July, and two crops of tricolor leeks are harvested in the same year. In the second to fourth years, six to seven crops of tricolor leeks are harvested each year, with an output of more than 9,000 kg per mu.

[0051] 13) Soil management When planting three-color leek, the depth should be 7-10cm. No soiling is required in the first and second years. In the third and fourth years, wide row topsoil should be combined with intertillage to add 3-5cm thick soil at the leek roots. Adding soil can facilitate harvesting to a depth of 3-5cm in the ground, maintaining the commercial quality of the white part of the three-color leek.

[0052] 14) Fertilizer and water management During the production and harvest period of tricolor leek, topdressing should be applied once after each harvest. Apply 50-60 kg of potassium sulfate type three-element (N:P:K15:15:15) compound fertilizer, 10-20 kg of urea, and 120-150 kg of commercial granular organic fertilizer per mu. Apply 2500-3000 kg of decomposed fine organic fertilizer per mu every 2-3 crops. Water 3-5 times per crop during the spring and autumn harvest periods, and 4-6 times per crop during the summer harvest period.

[0053] 2. Experimental Examples This experimental example compares the three-color leek cultivation method of the present invention with the conventional leek cultivation method, and the cultivation effect comparison is shown in Table 1.

[0054] Production mode: Chives are produced in the open field, with a production period of 25 to 30 days. The production mode of tricolor chives is open field + shading, with 23 to 26 days of open field growth and 3 to 6 days of covered shading, and a production period of 27 to 32 days.

[0055] Harvest yield: Both leeks and tricolor leeks are the same variety planted in the same plot of land, with the same planting management levels such as seedling transplanting, plant spacing, planting density, fertilizer and water management. The production years and annual harvest times remain consistent, and there is no significant difference in per mu yield.

[0056] Product Appearance and Quality: Chives grown on a single plant are green, high in crude fiber, and generally of average quality. Tricolor chives, on the other hand, are green, yellow, and white, with lower crude fiber content, superior quality, and a pleasant taste. Fresh chives and yellow chives contain approximately 1.1g and 0.7g of crude fiber per 100g, respectively, indicating that the crude fiber content of chives decreases when grown in low light or shaded environments.

[0057] Production investment: The leek production model is open-field production, without investment in sheds and shading materials and labor expenses for shading; the tricolor leek production model is open-field + covering and shading, and the sheds and shading materials (glass fiber rods, or galvanized pipes, etc. are used as shed frames, and black gardening cloth and black shade nets are used as shading materials) are used for 5 years. The investment in covering and shading materials per mu per crop is equivalent to about 700 yuan, and the covering and management labor expenses are about 500 yuan, with a total expenditure of 1,200 yuan per mu per crop.

[0058] Production income: The yield of leek and tricolor leek per crop is 1,750 kg / mu, the unit price of leek is 2.5 yuan / kg, and the unit price of tricolor leek is 4.5 yuan / kg. The income per crop is 4,375 yuan / mu and 7,875 yuan / mu respectively. Excluding the shading materials and labor investment of 1,200 yuan / mu for the cultivation of tricolor leek, the income of tricolor leek can be increased by 2,300 yuan / mu compared with leek per crop, and the annual income can be increased by 13,800 yuan / mu, with an increase of 52.57% in income per mu, which is a significant increase in efficiency.

[0059] Table 1 Comparison of cultivation effects of Chinese chives and tricolor Chinese chives Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating tricolor leek, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: After the leeks grow in the open field to a plant height of 28-35 cm, they are shaded for 3-6 days. The leeks grow yellow leaves. When the yellow leaves grow to 5-15 cm, they are harvested at a depth of 3-5 cm in the soil to obtain tricolor leeks.

2. The tricolor leek cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The shading growth is carried out in a shading arch shed, wherein the shading arch shed is first covered with a black gardening ground cloth on the arch shed frame, and then a black sunshade net is added on the black gardening ground cloth.

3. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Water once 2 to 5 days before the shading growth.

4. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When cultivating tricolor leek in spring, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28-32 cm and then shaded for 4-6 days; when cultivating tricolor leek in summer, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28-32 cm and then shaded for 3-4 days; when cultivating tricolor leek in autumn, the leek is grown in the open field to a plant height of 28-35 cm and then shaded for 3-6 days.

5. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: During the shading growth, ventilation and moisture removal are carried out at night.

6. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The transplanting and planting depth of the leek before outdoor growth is 7-10 cm, no soiling management is performed in the first and second years, and the soil is piled up to 3-5 cm thick at the leek roots in the third and fourth years.

7. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The leek is transplanted and planted before outdoor growth with wide or narrow row spacing, wherein the wide row spacing is 45-50 cm and the narrow row spacing is 25-28 cm. The roots are covered with 3-5 cm of soil during planting. In the third and fourth years, the wide row topsoil is combined with inter-cultivation to build up soil at the leek roots with a thickness of 3-5 cm.

8. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When cultivating tricolor leek in spring or autumn, gray mold and leek maggots will appear on leek. In the early stage of gray mold, 1000-1200 times diluted 40% pyrimethanil suspoemulsion or 600-700 times diluted 65% carbendazim wettable powder should be sprayed for prevention and control, and spray once every 5-7 days; for leek maggots, 1500-1800 times diluted 28% cypermethrin·thiamethoxam suspoemulsion or 2000-2500 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate should be used for root irrigation control.

9. The tricolor leek cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When cultivating tricolor leek in summer or autumn, if leek suffers from blight, leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips, use 72% cypermethrin·mancozeb wettable powder, or 72% carbendazim·mancozeb wettable powder at a concentration of 700-800 times diluted for foliar spraying for prevention and control in the initial stage of the disease, spray once every 5-7 days, and use 1500-1800 times diluted 28% cypermethrin·clothianidin suspoemulsion, or 2000-2500 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 4.5% highly effective cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, mix them, and irrigate the roots to control leek maggots, and spray to control adult leek maggots, leafminers, and thrips.

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