High-yield method for high-density cultivation of Fenghuang plums

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-density cultivation method for Fenghuang plums. The high-density cultivation method comprises the following steps of telescopic rain shelter building, soil preparation and planting, drip irrigation arrangement, pollination period management, shaping and pruning and soil, fertilizer and water management. According to the method, the influence of rainwater on pollination, pesticide effect and fruit quality can be remarkably reduced, the large demands of high-density planting on illumination, ventilation and water and fertilizer are met, and fine management of Fenghuang plums under different weather conditions is achieved. The cultivation system can remarkably improve pollination efficiency, reduce diseases and insect pests, control application of water and fertilizer, bear fruits in advance, and achieve the goals of high quality, high yield, water saving and fertilizer saving. Therefore, orchard yield and fruit quality are improved, pest and disease damage is reduced, and economic benefit is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a high-density cultivation method for Phoenix plums, and belongs to the technical field of planting. Background Art

[0002] Phoenix plum is a plum variety with excellent fruit quality and high yield. It is a deciduous tree of the genus Prunus in the Rosaceae family. It likes sunlight and can grow to a height of more than 8m naturally. In agricultural cultivation, the height is generally controlled at 3m-4m. The cost of supporting conventional greenhouses is high and affects light and ventilation. Therefore, open-field cultivation is usually adopted, with a density of generally 4m×4m, 40 plants per acre.

[0003] Phoenix plum has a large number of flower buds, but blooms early, usually in March. It is susceptible to cold damage and frost damage, resulting in low fruit set. Rainy weather may lead to poor pollination, affect the effectiveness of pesticides, frequent pests and diseases, and severe fruit cracking. Improper management leads to low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and low yield. Phoenix plum has a shallow root system, with roots distributed in the 10-40cm soil layer, and is susceptible to waterlogging in rainy seasons.

[0004] The retractable rain shelter system is the core device of this technology. It is mainly used to regulate environmental conditions and help solve various problems such as rain and hail protection during the cultivation of Phoenix plum. ① Pollination period regulation: Phoenix plum is easily affected by rainy weather during the flowering and pollination period, resulting in poor pollination and a decrease in fruit setting rate. The retractable rain shelter can be unfolded during the flowering period to prevent rain from washing away pollen and freezing flowers, ensuring a favorable pollination environment and increasing the fruit setting rate. ② Fertilization and pesticide application on rainy days: In rainy weather, the risk of pests and diseases increases, and fertilization and pesticide application become important links. The rain shelter can be unfolded on rainy days to prevent rain from washing away the effects of fertilization and pesticide application, ensuring that fertilizers and drugs are evenly attached and penetrated into the soil, achieving effective pest and disease control and nutrient supply. ③ Fruit crack prevention during fruit ripening period: During the fruit ripening period, when it is rainy or the soil moisture fluctuates greatly, the fruit is prone to absorb too much water, resulting in cracking. The rain shelter can be used during the fruit expansion and ripening period. It can reduce the direct contact of water on the fruit surface and avoid fruit cracking caused by rain or excessive humidity, thereby increasing the commercial fruit rate.

[0005] The drip irrigation system is an important part of this cultivation technology. Combined with the retractable rain shelter, it can accurately control the supply of water and fertilizer to ensure efficient use of water and fertilizer. ① Accurate water supply: Phoenix plum has different water requirements at different growth stages. The drip irrigation system can adjust the water supply according to the growth status and climatic conditions of the fruit trees to avoid over-irrigation or insufficient water. Especially when the rain shelter is unfolded, drip irrigation can ensure that the soil maintains appropriate humidity to avoid drought or water loss. ② Efficient fertilization: The drip irrigation system can also be used in conjunction with water-soluble fertilizers to achieve integrated management of water and fertilizer. Through drip irrigation and fertilization, the amount of fertilizer can be accurately controlled, waste can be reduced, and the utilization rate of fertilizer can be improved. The frequency and concentration of fertilization can be adjusted according to the growth of Phoenix plum to achieve continuous supply and promote high-quality fruit development. ③ Pest and disease control: The application of drip irrigation can effectively avoid pest and disease problems caused by excessive soil moisture caused by traditional flooding, such as root rot. At the same time, the irrigation system can carry out drug irrigation during the high incidence period of pests and diseases to enhance the root system's ability to prevent diseases and resist stress. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the invention is to provide a high-yield method for high-density cultivation of Phoenix plum.

[0007] A high-yield method for high-density cultivation of Phoenix plums comprises the following steps: a telescopic rain shelter building step, a land preparation and planting step, a drip irrigation arrangement step, a pollination period management step, a shaping and pruning step, and a soil, fertilizer and water management step.

[0008] Step 1: Steps for building a retractable rain shelter; Step 2: land preparation and planting steps, including land preparation methods and planting density; Step 3: drip irrigation arrangement steps; Step 4: Management steps during the pollination period, including rain shelter and temperature control management methods; Step 5: shaping and pruning steps, including the time and method of pruning; Step 6: Soil, fertilizer and water management steps, including grass management, water management and fertilization management steps. Beneficial Effects

[0009] By using the early high-yield method of telescopic rain shelter and drip irrigation system, Phoenix plum has shown significant advantages in yield, fruit quality, water and fertilizer saving, etc. The following are the results of the implementation of this technology: 1. Improve the fruit setting rate: The rain shelter effectively regulates the environmental conditions during the pollination period, reduces the problem of poor pollination caused by rainy weather, and increases the fruit setting rate of Phoenix plum by more than 30%.

[0010] 2. Prevent fruit cracking and increase the proportion of commercial fruit: The use of rain shelters during the fruit ripening period reduces the fruit cracking rate and increases the commercial fruit rate by more than 30%. The fruit quality is more uniform, the color is brighter, and the taste is improved.

[0011] 3. Efficient use of water and fertilizer: The drip irrigation system combined with the rain shelter achieves precise management of water and fertilizer, with a water saving rate of more than 50%, an increase in fertilizer utilization rate of more than 40%, and reduced environmental pollution.

[0012] 4. Significant pest and disease control effects: The rain shelter prevents rainwater from directly contacting leaves and fruits, reducing the occurrence of mold and other diseases. Combined with the root irrigation technology of the drip irrigation system, the pest and disease control efficiency is increased by 40%.

[0013] The present invention combines a telescopic rain shelter with a drip irrigation system to achieve an early and high yield of Phoenix plums, significantly improving the yield and fruit quality of Phoenix plums, reducing the occurrence of fruit cracking and pests and diseases, and improving the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization. The method can effectively cope with changing climate conditions and ensure the stability and sustainability of Phoenix plum production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] The preferred embodiments of the invention are described in detail below so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the invention.

[0015] A high-yield method for high-density cultivation of Phoenix plums, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Build a telescopic rain shelter: The height of the rain shelter is 5m, the distance between the two rows of columns is 3m-3.5m, and the distance between the head column and the inter-row column, and the inter-row column and the inter-row column is 8-12m, and they should be kept in a straight line. Fix the ground anchor 1.0-2.5 meters away from the buried point of the column, and connect the top steel wire to the ground anchor through the tensioner. Use high elastic fiberglass as the skeleton and fix it on the greenhouse film in a fishbone shape. Install a hook ring every 0.6 meters on the top steel wire, and the greenhouse film is evenly hung on the hook ring, and pulled and released by nylon rope and fixed pulley. The gap between two adjacent greenhouse films is about 15cm.

[0016] Step 2, land preparation and planting: plough the land, apply 3t-5t of organic fertilizer per mu, and do a good job of drainage. Use a high-density planting mode, with a row spacing of 1m×3m, and about 222 plants per mu; configure honey plum as the male parent for pollination at a ratio of 1:3.

[0017] Step 3: Drip irrigation arrangement: Use strip drip irrigation. Drip irrigation tapes are laid along the planting row, with two tapes laid on both sides of the tree, with the distance from the tree trunks being 20m and 30m respectively, which can ensure uniform irrigation between tree rows and root absorption in a wider range, thus improving the drip irrigation effect.

[0018] Step 4: Management during pollination: Phoenix plums enter the flowering period in March. To reduce the impact of spring rain on pollination, the greenhouse film should be opened before it rains. The suitable ambient temperature during pollination is 15-20℃. When the temperature is below 10℃, open the greenhouse film to increase the temperature under the greenhouse; when the temperature is above 25℃, close the greenhouse film to ventilate and cool down.

[0019] Step 5: Pruning: Prune the tree into a Y shape. The trunk height is 50cm, and the two main branches are perpendicular to the row direction. Bud removal and shoot determination are carried out in March and April, and one new shoot is retained every 10cm-20cm as a nutrient branch; crown control pruning is carried out in May and June, and redundant large branches, dense branches, upright branches and diseased and insect-infested branches are cut off, and large branches for renewal and branches for filling gaps are left; winter pruning is carried out in September and October, and dense branches and diseased and insect-infested branches are cut off, and branches for renewal and filling gaps are cut back.

[0020] Step 6: Soil, fertilizer and water management steps: Soil management: Use natural grass management to improve soil structure and fertility. Mowing once or twice from June to August, and covering the cut weeds under the tree tray can retain moisture, resist drought, and suppress weeds.

[0021] Water management: The fruit expansion period (May-June) is the peak period for water demand, with a weekly drip irrigation rate of 30-40m³ / mu, which should be adjusted according to soil conditions; during the fruit ripening period (July), water should be gradually reduced to maintain the flavor and quality of the fruit and avoid fruit cracking or reduced sugar content due to excessive water. The weekly drip irrigation rate is 10-20m³ / mu.

[0022] Fertilization management: In the early germination period (late February to early March), apply 5kg of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and 5kg of diammonium phosphate per mu; in the flowering and fruit setting period (mid-to-late March to mid-April), apply 5kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu; in the fruit expansion period (May-June), apply 10kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, and spray 0.2% zinc sulfate and 0.1% boric acid solution on the leaves; after harvesting (August), apply 5kg of urea and 15kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0023] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that are not conceived through creative work should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A high-yield method for high-density cultivation of Phoenix plums, comprising the following steps: a step of building a retractable rain shelter, a step of preparing the land for planting, a step of arranging drip irrigation, a step of managing the pollination period, a step of shaping and pruning, and a step of managing soil, fertilizer and water; Step 1: Steps for building a retractable rain shelter; Step 2: land preparation and planting steps, including land preparation methods and planting density; Step 3: Drip irrigation arrangement steps; Step 4: Management steps during the pollination period, including rain shelter and temperature control management methods; Step 5: shaping and pruning steps, including the time and method of pruning; Step 6: Soil, fertilizer and water management steps, including grass management, water management and fertilization management steps.

2. The high-yield method for high-density cultivation of Phoenix plum according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1, construction of telescopic rain shelter: The height of the rain shelter is 5m, the distance between the two rows of head columns is 3m-3.5m, the distance between the head columns and the inter-row columns, and the distance between the inter-row columns is 8-12m, and they should be kept in a straight line. Fix the ground anchor 1.0-2.5 meters away from the buried point of the column, and connect and fix the top steel wire to the ground anchor through a tensioner. Use high-elastic glass fiber as the skeleton and fix it to the greenhouse film in a fishbone shape. Install a hook ring every 0.6 meters on the top steel wire, and the greenhouse film is evenly hung on the hook ring, and is pulled and released by nylon rope and fixed pulley. The gap between two adjacent greenhouse films is about 15cm; Step 2, land preparation and planting: plough the land, apply 3t-5t of organic fertilizer per mu, and do a good job of drainage. Use a high-density planting mode, with a row spacing of 1m×3m, and plant about 222 plants per mu; configure honey plum as the male parent for pollination at a ratio of 1:3; Step 3: Drip irrigation arrangement: Use strip drip irrigation. Lay drip irrigation tapes along the planting row, with two strips on both sides of the tree, 20m and 30m away from the tree trunk respectively, to ensure uniform irrigation between tree rows and a wider range of root absorption, thus improving the drip irrigation effect; Step 4: Management during pollination: Phoenix plums enter the flowering period in March. To reduce the impact of spring rain on pollination, the greenhouse film should be opened before it rains. The suitable ambient temperature during pollination is 15-20℃. When the temperature is below 10℃, open the greenhouse film to increase the temperature under the greenhouse; when the temperature is above 25℃, close the greenhouse film to ventilate and cool down. Step 5: Shaping and pruning: Prune the tree into a Y shape. The trunk height is 50cm, and the two main branches are perpendicular to the row direction. Bud removal and shoot determination are carried out in March and April, and one new shoot is retained every 10cm-20cm as a nutrient branch; crown control pruning is carried out in May and June, and redundant large branches, densely grown branches, upright branches and diseased and insect-infested branches are cut off, and new large branches and missing branches are left; winter pruning is carried out in September and October, and densely grown branches and diseased and insect-infested branches are cut off, and new branches and missing branches are cut back; Step 6: Soil, fertilizer and water management steps: Soil management: Use natural grass management to improve soil structure and fertility. Mowing once or twice from June to August, and covering the cut weeds under the tree tray can retain moisture, resist drought, and suppress weeds; Water management: The peak water demand period is during the fruit expansion period (May-June), with a weekly drip irrigation rate of 30-40 m³ / mu, which is adjusted according to soil conditions; during the fruit ripening period (July), water should be gradually reduced to maintain the flavor and quality of the fruit and avoid fruit cracking or reduced sugar content due to excessive water, with a weekly drip irrigation rate of 10-20 m³ / mu; Fertilization management: In the early germination period (late February to early March), apply 5kg of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and 5kg of diammonium phosphate per mu; in the flowering and fruit setting period (mid-to-late March to mid-April), apply 5kg of diammonium phosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate per mu; in the fruit expansion period (May-June), apply 10kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per mu, and spray 0.2% zinc sulfate and 0.1% boric acid solution on the leaves; after harvesting (August), apply 5kg of urea and 15kg of potassium sulfate per mu.