Vehicle pane and method for producing vehicle pane

Abstract

A vehicle pane includes a liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal layer, a first carrier film, and a second carrier film. The first carrier film has a first electrode layer. The second carrier film has a second electrode layer. In the first panel section, the first carrier film is not provided with the liquid crystal layer and the second carrier film, and the first carrier film forms a first contact area with the first electrode layer. In the second panel section, the second carrier film is not provided with the liquid crystal layer and the first carrier film, and the second carrier film forms a second contact area with the second electrode layer. The first electrode layer is equipped with an electrical contact element in the first contact region. The second electrode region is equipped with an electrical contact element in the second contact region. The second carrier film has a hole in the second contact region, through which the electrical connection material passes and is in contact with the second contact element.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a vehicle pane having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for producing such a vehicle pane. Background Art

[0002] A vehicle pane of this type is known from practice and comprises a pane body arrangement comprising an inner pane body facing the vehicle interior and an outer pane body facing the vehicle surroundings. Between the inner pane body and the outer pane body a liquid crystal device is accommodated, the liquid crystal device being designed as a PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal) device, which is electrically switchable and by means of which the transmission properties of light can be controlled depending on the switching state. In particular, the PDLC device can be switched between a locked state, in which the PDLC device acts as a kind of diffuser, and a transmissive state, in which light can enter substantially through the vehicle pane without being substantially broken up.

[0003] A liquid crystal device designed as a PDLC device comprises a liquid crystal layer, which is the actual functional layer and is made of a polymer layer in which liquid crystals are embedded in the shape of droplets. The liquid crystal layer is bounded on both sides by a carrier film, which has an electrode layer on its side facing the liquid crystal layer, the electrode layer being made of a conductive layer of a corresponding plastic film. By supplying a voltage to the two electrode layers, the liquid crystals of the liquid crystal layer can be oriented to change the transmission behavior. In order to be able to connect the electrode layers to a control device and / or a voltage source, corresponding contacts are provided at the lateral edges of the PDLC device. Summary of the invention

[0004] It is an object of the present invention to provide a vehicle pane which is designed in the above-described manner but has an improved contact with the electrode layer, and to provide a method for producing a vehicle pane of this type.

[0005] This object is achieved by a vehicle pane having the features of claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 8 .

[0006] According to the present invention, a vehicle window panel is proposed, which includes a window panel body device having at least one window panel body and a liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal layer, a first carrier film and a second carrier film. The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first carrier film and the second carrier film. The first carrier film has a first electrode layer on its side facing the liquid crystal layer, and the second carrier film has a second electrode layer on its side facing the liquid crystal layer. In the first panel section of the liquid crystal device, the first carrier film is not provided with the second carrier film and the liquid crystal layer, which means that it can form a first contact area with the first electrode layer, and in the second panel section of the liquid crystal device, the second carrier film is not provided with the first carrier film and the liquid crystal layer, which means that it can form a second contact area with the second electrode layer. The first electrode layer is provided with at least one first contact element in the first contact area and / or the access area. The second electrode layer is provided with at least one second contact element in the second contact area and / or the access area, and the second carrier film has a hole in the second contact area, and the electrical connection material passes through the hole and contacts with the second contact element.

[0007] Therefore, in the vehicle pane according to the present invention, the two electrode layers can be contacted from one side when manufacturing a composite structure which, in addition to the liquid crystal device and the pane body device, generally has a lamination layer which can be made of PVB or the like, by connecting the corresponding control line to the first contact element of the first electrode layer and to the second contact element which passes through the hole of the second carrier film and is electrically connected to the second electrode layer. This simplifies the production process.

[0008] The contact elements of the two electrode layers are designed, for example, in the form of busbars. Therefore, the first contact element in the first contact region can be a strip conductor path arranged on the first electrode layer. Therefore, the second contact element in the second contact region can be a strip conductor path arranged on the second electrode layer.

[0009] The first contact and / or access region and / or the second contact and / or access region can be formed on the liquid crystal device, wherein the contact of the liquid crystal device with the connecting element (e.g., a connecting line) is locally perceptible or purposeful, for example, with respect to the design and installation position of the liquid crystal device in another protruding body or layer comprising the liquid crystal device. Thus, the first and / or second access region can be formed in a main surface of the liquid crystal device spaced apart from the edge and in an edge region of the liquid crystal device.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the first access region is formed at a first edge region of the liquid crystal device. In this case, the first carrier film protrudes beyond the second carrier film and the liquid crystal layer at the first edge region, which means that a first access region and / or a first contact region is formed.

[0011] In another specific embodiment, the second access region is formed at a second edge region of the liquid crystal device. In this case, the second carrier film protrudes beyond the first carrier film and the liquid crystal layer, which means that a second access region and / or a second contact region is formed.

[0012] Therefore, the first access area and the second access area can also be designed as cutouts and / or flanges, in particular in the edge region.

[0013] The liquid crystal device of the vehicle pane according to the invention is in particular a PDLC device, which comprises a polymer matrix as a liquid crystal layer, in which the liquid crystal is embedded in the shape of a droplet, and has two carrier films which confine the liquid crystal layer and on each of which an electrode layer is arranged. The liquid crystal layer can also be a universal LC (liquid crystal) layer available in liquid form or a so-called SPD (suspended particle device) layer or even an EC (electrochromic) layer, which can be considered as an option within the scope of the invention and is considered to be similar in terms of its function.

[0014] The electrode layers can preferably each be made of a transparent ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) coating of a corresponding carrier film. The carrier film is preferably made of a plastic material, which can include PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) or the like.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the vehicle window pane according to the invention, the connecting material passing through the hole of the second carrier film is made of a conductive solder, which can be formed from an alloy, for example, the alloy can include tin, zinc, indium, silver and / or copper. Such solder is easy to shape and has a high electrical conductivity. Preferably, a lead-free connecting material is used.

[0016] In order to protect the liquid crystal device from diffusion processes and penetration of moisture etc., in a preferred embodiment it is encapsulated on all sides by an insulating laminate. The laminate is made of a PVB (polyvinyl butyral) film or a different suitable material.

[0017] In order for the liquid crystal device to provide a shading device that can be operated like a blind, i.e. which allows for the sequential shading of individual sections of the vehicle pane, in a particular embodiment of the vehicle pane according to the invention at least one of the two electrode layers is divided into a plurality of segments, which are arranged one behind the other in particular like strips, each of these segments being provided with a contact element which is arranged in a respective contact region of the respective carrier film. If the electrode layer of the second carrier film is segmented, the second carrier film is provided with at least one hole per segment and a corresponding number of contact elements.

[0018] The pane body arrangement of the vehicle pane according to the invention is designed in a particular embodiment as a composite pane arrangement comprising at least one pane outer body and a pane inner body, between which a liquid crystal device is accommodated.

[0019] In the method for producing a vehicle window pane as detailed in the present invention, at least the following steps are performed:

[0020] a) providing a blank of a liquid crystal device and optimally cutting the blank into a liquid crystal device cut blank;

[0021] b) exposing the first electrode layer in a first panel section of the blank by partially removing the second carrier film and the liquid crystal layer to form a first contact area on the first electrode layer;

[0022] c) applying a first contact element on the first contact area;

[0023] d) exposing the second electrode layer in a second panel section of the blank by partially removing the first carrier film and the liquid crystal layer to form a second contact area on the second electrode layer;

[0024] e) introducing a hole into the second carrier film in the second contact region;

[0025] f) applying a second contact element on the second contact area;

[0026] g) filling the hole with an electrical connection material to electrically connect it to the second contact element;

[0027] h) connecting a control line to the electrical connection material and the first electrical contact element; and

[0028] i) connecting the liquid crystal device manufactured in steps a) to h) to the pane main body device.

[0029] The method according to the invention is therefore designed such that the first electrical contact element and the electrical connection material connected to the second electrical contact element are accessible from the same side for connecting the control line. This significantly facilitates the production of the vehicle pane according to the invention.

[0030] In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, before exposing the first electrode layer and applying the first contact element (steps b) to c)), the second electrode layer is exposed, the second contact element is applied, holes are introduced into the second carrier film and filled with the electrical connection material (steps d) to g)). Of course, it is also conceivable to carry out steps b) and c) before steps d) to g).

[0031] Steps f) and g) may be performed simultaneously.

[0032] In a particular embodiment, before applying the second contact element to the second contact region, a hole is produced in the second carrier film in the second contact region. Preferably, the material of the second contact element corresponds to the material of the electrical connection material. When the second contact element is applied to the second contact region, the material of the second contact element can thus be embedded in the hole, for example via bonding, and the hole can be filled with the connection material in the same process step.

[0033] In order to facilitate the exposure of the corresponding electrode layers, the carrier film with the electrode layers exposed is intentionally located underneath and rests on a flat carrier surface. It is therefore advantageous if the blank of the liquid crystal device is turned over between applying the first contact element and exposing the second electrode layer or between applying the second contact element, making holes in the second carrier film and filling the holes with electrical connection material and exposing the first electrode layer.

[0034] In order to protect the liquid crystal device from unwanted diffusion which would impair the optical properties, it is advantageous if the liquid crystal device, to which the two contact elements are applied and which is inserted into the second carrier film and fills the holes, is embedded in an electrically insulating laminate, preferably made of a laminate film, in particular a PVB film.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a control line connected to the electrical connecting material and to the first contact element is connected to and / or remains on the laminate material.

[0036] For example, control lines leading to the first contact element and to the electrical connecting material of the second carrier film are printed on the laminate and are led to the first contact element and the electrical connecting material via corresponding cutouts in the laminate.

[0037] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention can be derived from the description, the drawings and the claims. Any and all combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the drawings belong to the scope of the invention, i.e. each feature mentioned in the description may be part of the claimed subject matter independently of other features disclosed in the respective context. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Exemplary embodiments of a vehicle pane according to the invention and of an exemplary embodiment of a method according to the invention are shown in a simplified manner in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

[0039] Figure 1 shows a top view of a vehicle roof having a vehicle window pane according to the invention;

[0040] Figure 2 Shown along Figure 1 The line II-II passes through the Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a vehicle window pane;

[0041] Figure 3 Shown according to Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a PDLC device and encapsulation laminate of a vehicle window pane;

[0042] Figure 4 Method steps for producing a PDLC device are shown;

[0043] Figure 5 Shown for production Figure 3 The steps of making a composite of a PDLC device and a laminated film are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] exist Figure 1 , a vehicle roof 10 of a passenger vehicle is shown, which is equipped with a fixed roof element 12, which is fixedly and / or immovably connected to a roof frame 14, which is fixedly attached to the chassis. The fixed roof element 12 comprises a vehicle window pane 16, which is fixedly attached to the chassis by Figure 2 and Figure 3 It is shown in more detail and is equipped with a shading function, by means of which the light exposure in the vehicle interior in question can be controlled via the fixed roof element 12 .

[0045] The vehicle pane 16 is designed as a composite structure and comprises an outer pane body 18, which in the present case consists of a curved glass pane, but can also consist of a planar, curved plastic body, in particular of a polycarbonate material or the like. The outer pane body 18 forms the visible surface of the vehicle pane 16 facing the vehicle surroundings. On the side facing the vehicle interior, the vehicle pane 16 comprises an inner pane body 20, which also consists of a curved glass pane, but can also consist of a planar, curved plastic body, in particular of a polycarbonate material. A PDLC (polymer dispersed liquid crystal) device 22 is arranged as a shielding device between the outer pane body 18 and the inner pane body 20, which is connected to the outer pane body 18 via a first laminate layer 24 made of PVB (polyvinyl butyral) and to the inner pane body 20 via a second laminate layer 26 also made of PVB.

[0046] The PDLC device 22 comprises a first carrier film 28 and a second carrier film 30, each of which is provided with an electrode layer 32 and / or 34 made of transparent ITO (indium tin oxide). A liquid crystal layer 36 is arranged between the carrier films 28 and 30 or between their electrode layers 32 and 34, respectively, which forms a functional element of the PDLC device 22 and comprises a polymer matrix and can have a thickness of about 0.01 mm to about 0.02 mm, in which liquid crystal droplets are embedded. In particular, the carrier films 28 and 30 made of PET each have a thickness of about 0.02 mm.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment, instead of a PDLC device, a general liquid crystal (LC) device may be used, in which a continuous or segmented liquid crystal layer is arranged between two carrier films, which are each provided with an electrode layer.

[0048] Especially if Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment described, the carrier film 30 forms an edge region 38, which represents a panel segment and protrudes in the lateral direction beyond the carrier film 28 and the liquid crystal layer 36 and forms a first contact region in which the electrode layer 34 is exposed. On the edge region 38 or more precisely on the contact region formed by the edge region 38, a strip-shaped contact element 40 is arranged, which is designed in the manner of a busbar along the edge of the liquid crystal layer 36 and is connected to a control device and / or a voltage source (not shown) via an electrical control line 42. The carrier film 28 protrudes in the lateral direction beyond the carrier film 30 and the liquid crystal layer 36 in a second edge region 44 representing another panel segment, which means that the electrode layer 32 is exposed in the edge region 44 in order to form a second contact region, which is provided with a second contact element 46, which is also arranged in a strip-shaped manner on the electrode layer 32 along the edge of the liquid crystal layer 36 in the manner of a busbar.

[0049] The carrier film 28 has a hole 48 in the region of the edge region 44, through which an electrical connection material 50 made of solder, which is in electrical contact with the second contact element 46, passes. An electrical control line 52 is connected to the electrical connection material 50 on the side of the carrier film 28 facing away from the contact element 46, wherein the control line 52 also leads to a control device and / or a voltage source (not shown). Via the control lines 42 and 52, an electric field and / or a voltage can thus be applied to the liquid crystal layer 36, which means that the liquid crystal layer 36 can be switched between a locked state, in which the liquid crystal layer 36 acts in the manner of a diffuser, and a transmissive state, in which light can pass through substantially unsplit.

[0050] The edge regions 38 and 44 and the contact elements 40 and 46 arranged therein are encapsulated in the laminate layers 24 and 26 and in a frame-like edge seal 53 which is likewise made of PVB, ie the PDLC device 22 is surrounded on all sides by PVB, which is an insulating laminate material.

[0051] The vehicle pane 16 is as follows and Figure 4 and Figure 5 Made in the manner described.

[0052] like Figure 4 As shown, in step a), a roll of PDLC blank 54 is provided, the PDLC blank 54 is made of a film composite, the film composite is made of carrier films 28 and 30, electrode layers 32 and 34 arranged thereon, and a liquid crystal layer 36 arranged between the carrier films 28 and 30. In step b), a roll is unrolled, and a PDLC cut blank 56 is made from the unrolled sheet, the base surface of the PDLC cut blank 56 corresponding to the base surface of the completed PDLC device 22. Cutting is performed with the aid of a suitable cutting tool.

[0053] In a subsequent step c), after the kiss-cutting process, the pressed-on carrier film 30 made of PET is removed in the edge region 44. In a step d), which can also be performed simultaneously with step c), the liquid crystal layer 36 is also removed in the edge region 44, which means that the electrode layer 32 of the support film 28 is exposed in this edge region 44.

[0054] In a subsequent step e), holes 48 are introduced into the carrier film 28 in the edge region 44 and strip-shaped contact elements 46 designed in the manner of busbars are applied to the electrode layer 32. In a step f), the liquid crystal layer 36 is sealed at the edges via a sealing strip 58, which is a sealing element which is arranged on top of the lower support film 28 between the contact elements 46 and the liquid crystal layer 36 and is also connected to the upper carrier film 30.

[0055] Subsequently, in step g), the produced structure is turned over so that the carrier film 28 faces upward and the carrier film 30 faces downward. Furthermore, the holes 48 are filled with an electrical connection material 50 so that an electrical connection is established between the contact elements 46 now underneath the carrier film 28 and the upper side of the carrier film 28. The holes 48 can be filled with the electrical connection material 50 at the same time as the strip-shaped contact elements are applied.

[0056] In step h), the upper carrier film 28 is removed together with the electrode layer 32 in the edge section 38. Next, in step i), the liquid crystal layer 36 is also removed in said edge section 40, which means that the electrode layer 34 of the underlying carrier film 30 is now exposed in the edge section 38. Then, in step k), a strip-shaped electrical contact element 40 designed in the manner of a busbar is applied in the edge region 38 at a distance from the liquid crystal layer 36. After this, in step l), the liquid crystal layer 36 is sealed at the edge by means of a sealing strip 58, which is arranged as a sealing element on top of the electrode layer 34 and is also connected to the upper carrier film 28.

[0057] Then, in step m), the control lines 42 and 52 can be connected to the contact element 40 and the electrical connection material 50 from the top.

[0058] In order to encapsulate the PDLC device 22 thus provided, a laminating film 26 is then provided as a PVB film such as Figure 5 As shown in Figs. 5a and 5d, the PDLC device 22 is arranged on the laminate film 26 together with the edge seal 53. Figure 5 b and 5e.

[0059] Afterwards, if Figure 5 As shown in Figs. 5c and 5f, a lamination layer 24 is disposed. Subsequently, the composite of the lamination layers 24 and 26, the PDLC device 22, and the control lines 42 and 52 including the edge seal 53 is subjected to a lamination process.

[0060] The resulting composite is then laminated between the outer pane body 18 and the inner pane body 20 to produce the vehicle pane 16, thereby producing a vehicle pane according to Figure 2 structure.

[0061] As an alternative to the above process, the lamination layers 24, 26 may be disposed and / or inserted between the pane outer body 18 and the pane inner body 20 in a lamination tool, with the PDLC device 22 disposed between the lamination layers 24, 26, and subsequently laminated to produce the vehicle pane 16. Thus, the lamination layers 24, 26, the PDLC device 22, the pane outer body 18, and the pane inner body 20 are provided separately and placed in layers in a lamination tool to be subsequently laminated together.

[0062] like Figure 5As shown in particular in FIG. 2 , the PDLC device 22 can be segmented to simulate the shutter-like shielding of the vehicle interior. For this purpose, in particular, the electrode layer 34 of the carrier film 30 has a plurality of strip-shaped electrically insulating strips 60 arranged front and rear in the longitudinal roof direction and made of ITO, wherein each individual strip 60 is equipped with a contact element 40, which is arranged in the edge area 44 and is respectively connected to the corresponding control line 42. The electrode layer 32 arranged on the carrier film 28 is not segmented and has only one contact element 46, which is arranged on the edge section of the PDLC device 22 extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle.

[0063] Reference numerals list

[0064] 10 Vehicle roof

[0065] 12 Securing the roof elements

[0066] 14 Roof frame

[0067] 16 Vehicle window pane

[0068] 18 Window Panel Outer Body

[0069] 20 pane panel body

[0070] 22 PDLC device

[0071] 24 Layers

[0072] 26 Laminated Layers

[0073] 28 Carrier film

[0074] 30 Carrier film

[0075] 32 Electrode layer

[0076] 34 Electrode layer

[0077] 36 Liquid crystal layer

[0078] 38 Marginal Area

[0079] 40 Contact elements

[0080] 42 Control Line

[0081] 44 Marginal Area

[0082] 46 Contact element

[0083] 48 holes

[0084] 50 Electrical connection materials

[0085] 52 Control Line

[0086] 53 Edge seal

[0087] 54 Billet

[0088] 56 PDLC cutting blanks

[0089] 58 Sealing strip

[0090] 60 items

Claims

1. A vehicle window pane, comprising a window pane body device having at least one window pane body and a liquid crystal device, wherein the liquid crystal device comprises a liquid crystal layer (36), a first carrier film (30) and a second carrier film (28), wherein the liquid crystal layer (36) is arranged between the first carrier film (30) and the second carrier film (28), wherein the first carrier film (30) has a first electrode layer (34) on a side thereof facing the liquid crystal layer (36), and the second carrier film (28) has a second electrode layer (32) on a side thereof facing the liquid crystal layer (36), wherein: The first carrier film (30) is not provided with the liquid crystal layer (36) and the second carrier film (28) in the first panel section (38) of the liquid crystal device, and a first contact area is formed by using the first electrode layer (34); the second carrier film (28) is not provided with the liquid crystal layer (36) and the first carrier film (30) in the second panel section (44) of the liquid crystal device, and a second contact area is formed by using the second electrode layer (32); the first electrode layer (34) is provided with a first electrical contact element (40) in the first contact area, the second electrode layer (32) is provided with a second electrical contact element (46) in the second contact area, the second carrier film (28) has a hole (48) in the second contact area, and an electrical connection material (50) passes through the hole (48) and contacts the second contact element (46).

2. The vehicle window pane according to claim 1, characterized in that The first contact element (40) forms a strip conductor path in the first contact region, which is arranged on the first electrode layer (34).

3. The vehicle window pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The second contact element (46) forms a strip conductor path in the second contact region, which is arranged on the second electrode layer (32).

4. The vehicle window pane according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The connecting material (50) is connected to an electrical control line (52) on its side facing away from the second contact element (46).

5. The vehicle window pane according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device is surrounded on all sides by an insulating laminate.

6. The vehicle window pane according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: At least one of the two electrode layers (32, 34) is divided into a plurality of segments, each of which is provided with a contact element (40) which is arranged in a respective contact region of the respective carrier film (28, 30).

7. The vehicle window pane according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The window pane body device comprises a window pane outer body (18) and a window pane inner body (20), and the liquid crystal device is arranged between the window pane outer body (18) and the window pane inner body (20).

8. The vehicle window pane according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The first carrier film (30) protrudes beyond the second carrier film (28) and the liquid crystal layer (36) in a first edge region (38) of the liquid crystal device and forms the first contact region, and / or the second carrier film (28) protrudes beyond the first carrier film (30) and the liquid crystal layer (36) in a second edge region (11) of the liquid crystal device and forms the second contact region.

9. A method for manufacturing a vehicle window pane (16), the vehicle window pane (16) comprising a window body device having at least one window body and a liquid crystal device having a liquid crystal layer (36), a first carrier film (30) and a second carrier film (28), the liquid crystal layer (36) being arranged between the first carrier film (30) and the second carrier film (28), the first carrier film (30) having a first electrode layer (34) on its side facing the liquid crystal layer (36), the second carrier film (28) having a second electrode layer (32) on its side facing the liquid crystal layer (36), the method comprising the following steps: a) providing blanks; b) exposing the first electrode layer (34) in the first panel section (38) of the blank by partially removing the second carrier film (28) and the liquid crystal layer (36) to form a first contact area on the first electrode layer (34); c) applying a first contact element (40) on the first contact area; d) exposing the second electrode layer (32) in the second panel section (44) of the cut blank by partially removing the first carrier film (30) and the liquid crystal layer (36) to form a second contact area on the second electrode layer (32); e) introducing a hole (48) into the second carrier film (28) in the second contact region; f) applying a second contact element (46) to the second contact area; g) filling the hole (48) with an electrical connection material (50) to electrically connect the electrical connection material (50) to the second contact element (40); h) connecting a control line (42, 52) to the first electrical contact element (40) and the electrical connection material (50); and i) connecting the liquid crystal device manufactured in steps a) to h) to the pane main body device.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Steps d) to g) are performed before steps b) and c).

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that: Steps f) and g) are performed simultaneously.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: The blank of the liquid crystal device is flipped between applying the first contact element (40) and exposing the second electrode layer (32) or between applying the second contact element (40), inserting holes (48) in the second carrier film (28) and filling the holes (48) with an electrical connection material (50) and exposing the first electrode layer (34).

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that: The liquid crystal device is embedded in an electrically insulating laminate material, which is preferably formed from a laminate film.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that: The control lines (42, 52) are connected to the laminate.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The control lines (42, 52) are printed on the laminate.

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