Efficient stoping technical method for mechanized pre-top-cutting medium-length hole blasting top and bottom columns

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical top pre-cutting medium-length hole blasting top and bottom column efficient stoping technical method. Relates to the technical field of underground mining, and comprises the following steps: S1, performing tailing filling on a goaf, dividing an ore body stope into panels after the strength meets the requirement, and performing stoping in the panels in a first-step stope and a second-step stope; s2, taking the reserved pedestrian ventilation united lane as a cutting lane, and tunneling a cutting courtyard upwards in the middle of the cutting lane in the step 1; s3, top cutting is carried out on the ore body top plate of the top and bottom columns, supporting operation is carried out on the ore body top plate, and top cutting ore is lowered to the reserved pedestrian ventilation combined roadway through the cutting courtyard for ore removal; s4, forming a cutting groove by taking the cutting raise and the cutting roadway as free surfaces, and digging downward parallel medium-length holes in the steps for forward blasting and inclined upward stoping; and S5, by means of the directional throwing effect of downward parallel medium-length hole blasting, the ore is thrown into the reserved pedestrian ventilation combined roadway, and finally the ore enters a vein-following transportation roadway through an ore removal transverse vein through a carry-scraper for trackless ore removal. And S6, tailings filling is conducted on the stope where stoping of the top and bottom columns is completed in the first step, and after maintenance is completed, stoping of the second step is conducted according to the above steps till stoping of the whole top and bottom columns is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of underground mining, and in particular to a high-efficiency mining technology method for mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillars. Background Art

[0002] The mining of gently inclined-inclined ore bodies has always been a recognized problem in the mining industry at home and abroad. The current mining methods similar to gently inclined-inclined ore bodies mainly include the room-and-pillar method, the full-scale method, the backfill method and related deformation schemes. The safe recovery of residual ore from gently inclined-inclined ore bodies is one of the major technical problems that must be solved in the field of mining technology today.

[0003] Because room-and-pillar mining requires the placement of an ore funnel above the transport tunnel, a 5-10m high top or bottom pillar is generally reserved to maintain the stability of the ore placement structure. The ore body is a gently inclined-inclined medium-thick-thick ore body with an inclined length of 15-20m, resulting in a large number of ore pillars remaining. The mining methods for mining such top and bottom pillar residual ore resources mainly include the retreat-upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole mining method and the upward approach filling mining method. Although the retreat-upward fan-shaped medium-deep hole mining method has a large production capacity, a large number of triangular ore pillars remain after mining and cannot be recovered, and the roof surrounding rock is easily mixed with ore, resulting in high loss and dilution; and although the upward approach filling mining method has a low dilution loss rate, the corresponding mining and cutting volume is large, the production capacity is low, and the mining cost is high. Therefore, seeking a mining method with large production capacity, small mining and cutting ratio, good safety, and high economic benefits for top and bottom pillar recovery is the key to achieving safe, economical, and efficient recovery of top and bottom pillars of residual ore resources. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to achieve safe, economical and efficient recovery of residual ore resources in top and bottom pillars, the present application provides a technical method for efficient recovery of top and bottom pillars by mechanized pre-cutting of top medium and deep holes and blasting.

[0005] The present application provides a mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method, which adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. First, fill the empty area with tailings. After the strength reaches the requirement, divide the ore body mining area into plate areas, and carry out mining in the plate area in one or two steps;

[0008] S2, using the remaining pedestrian ventilation lane as the cutting lane, digging a cutting skylight upward in the middle of the cutting lane of one step;

[0009] S3. Cut the top of the ore body at the top and bottom pillars, and support the top of the ore body. The cut ore is lowered through the cutting shaft to the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel to exit the mine;

[0010] S4, using the cutting skylight and the cutting lane as free surfaces to form a cutting groove, digging downward parallel medium-deep holes on the steps for positive row blasting and inclined upward mining;

[0011] S5. Use the directional throwing effect of downward parallel medium-deep hole blasting to throw the ore into the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel, and finally use the scraper to enter the trackless ore discharge tunnel along the vein through the ore discharge vein;

[0012] S6. The mining area where the top and bottom pillars have been mined in step 1 is backfilled with tailings. After the maintenance is completed, the second step of mining is carried out according to the above steps until the mining of the entire top and bottom pillars is completed.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, after filling pipes are set up and isolation walls are built in the empty area of ​​room-and-pillar mining as required, tailings cementation filling is carried out.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel is used as the cutting tunnel, and a YGZ-90 drill is used to drill an upward straight hole in the middle of the cutting tunnel in step one to excavate a cutting shaft, so that the cutting shaft also serves as a chute, and pedestrians and materials go up to the top plate of the ore body through the pedestrian material return air shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the inclination angle after top cutting is too large, making it difficult to install medium-deep hole equipment. Therefore, the top of the ore body is cut to form a step of ≤10°. After top cutting, the top plate is supported by anchor rods to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. Subsequent transportation of pedestrians and material equipment can reach the top plate of the ore body through the cutting tunnel retained in the upper and middle sections through the pedestrian material return air shaft, avoiding the transportation of pedestrians and materials through the empty area.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S4, a down-the-hole drill is used to drill parallel medium-depth holes in the positive row of blastholes, and the hole depth is the vertical thickness of the ore body. After the drilling is completed, the blastholes are cleaned and charged. The positive row of holes is blasted in 2 to 3 rows each time. Micro-differences between rows and between holes can be used to increase the superposition effect of detonation waves, reduce the large block rate and blasting vibration, and reduce the impact on the surrounding area.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, after the medium-deep hole blasting process, fresh air flows in from the off-vein transport tunnel, passes through the mine through the vein and enters the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel, and then enters the mining area. The polluted air flows through the upper cutting top layer into the pedestrian material return air shaft excavated in the retained cutting tunnel, and finally into the retained cutting tunnel and enters the off-vein transport tunnel.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S5, the ore mined from the top layer is raked by an electric rake into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel, and the ore blasted from the medium and deep holes is thrown into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel. Then, an electric shovel loader is used to transport through the vein into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel to load the ore, and the ore is shoveled and transported to the transport tunnel outside the vein.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S6, high-strength filling materials are used to fill the top and bottom columns of the first step. After the filling and curing is completed, the top and bottom columns of the second step are mined.

[0020] In summary, this application includes the following beneficial technical effects:

[0021] This application makes efficient use of the original pedestrian ventilation tunnel as a free surface for upward construction of cutting shafts, which greatly reduces the amount of mining and cutting during the recovery of top and bottom pillars, shortens the mine preparation time, and improves the utilization rate of old projects; adopts pre-cut top downward parallel medium and deep hole blasting bottom pillars, fully utilizes the directional throwing effect of the medium and deep holes, improves the production efficiency of the mine, and greatly reduces the transportation and production costs of ore. The pre-cut top support method reduces the risk of roof collapse and falls, and improves the safety and economic benefits of the mine; the upper and middle sections of the cutting pull bottom tunnel are used as pedestrian and material transportation passages, avoiding the risk of direct empty area transportation of materials and personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of the mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar mining method;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a plan view of the mechanized pre-cut top medium and deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar mining method;

[0024] Description of reference numerals:

[0025] 1. Off-vein transport tunnel; 2. Retained chute; 3. Retained cutting tunnel in the upper and middle sections; 4. Pedestrian material return air shaft; 5. Anchor support; 6. Mine-out through vein; 7. Pedestrian ventilation tunnel; 8. Cutting skylight; 9. Electric rake chamber; 10. Downward parallel medium and deep hole blasthole; 11. Backfill; 12. Cutting groove; 13. Ore body roof; 14. Steps; 15. Ore. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1-2 This application is described in further detail.

[0027] The present application embodiment discloses a mechanized pre-cut top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method, which includes the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: For the empty areas mined by room-and-pillar method, set up filling pipes and build isolation walls according to the mine filling construction specifications, and then carry out tailings cementation filling. After the filling strength reaches the requirements, divide the remaining gently inclined medium-thick to thick large top and bottom pillars into a plate area every 50 to 60 meters along the direction of the ore body. The plate area is divided into one or two step mining areas for mining. The width of the one-step mining area is 8 to 10 meters, and the width of the two-step mining area is 8 to 10 meters. The mining height of the mining area is the height of the bottom pillar.

[0029] Step 2: Use the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 as the cutting tunnel, use a YGZ-90 drill to drill an upward straight hole in the middle of the cutting tunnel in step 1 to excavate a cutting shaft 8, and pedestrians and materials are transported to the ore body roof 13 through the cutting shaft 8.

[0030] Step 3: After the top is cut, the inclination angle is too large, making it difficult to install medium- and long-hole equipment. Therefore, the top is cut 2 to 3 m at the top of the ore body roof 13 of the top and bottom columns, and the top is cut to form a step 14 of ≤10°. The cut ore 15 is lowered to the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 through the cutting skylight 8 to exit the mine. After the top is cut, the ore body roof 13 is supported by anchor bolts 5 to ensure the safety of the subsequent mining roof. Subsequent transportation of pedestrians and material equipment can reach the ore body roof 13 through the remaining cutting tunnel 3 and the pedestrian material return air shaft 4, avoiding the transportation of pedestrians and materials through the empty area.

[0031] Step 4: Use the cut skylight 8 and the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 as free surfaces to form a cutting groove 12, and dig downward parallel medium-depth holes 10 on the step 14 for positive row blasting and inclined upward mining. The positive row of blastholes uses a down-the-hole drill to drill downward parallel medium-depth holes. The hole depth is the vertical thickness of the ore body. After the drilling is completed, the blastholes are cleaned and charged. The positive row of holes is blasted 2 to 3 rows each time. Micro-differences between rows and holes can be used to increase the superposition effect of detonation waves, reduce the large block rate and blasting vibration, and reduce the impact on the surrounding area.

[0032] Step 5: Utilize the directional throwing effect of the downward parallel medium-deep hole 10 blasting to throw the ore 15 blasted from the medium-deep hole into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7, and then use an electric shovel loader to enter the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 from the ore-discharging vein 6 to load the ore. After the shovel loader shovels the ore, it is transported to the off-vein transport tunnel 1 through the ore-discharging vein 6 for ore-discharging. After the ore-discharging is completed, the mine is ventilated immediately, and fresh air flows in from the off-vein transport tunnel 1, enters the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 through the ore-discharging vein 6, and then enters the mine. The polluted air flows through the upper cutting top layer into the excavated pedestrian material return air shaft 4, and finally into the cutting tunnel 3 retained in the upper middle section.

[0033] Step six: The post-filling pipeline is connected to the empty area through the off-vein transport tunnel 1, the chute 2 retained in the upper middle section and the cutting tunnel 3 retained in the upper middle section, and the pedestrian material return air shaft 4 to fill the mining area where the top and bottom columns have been mined in the first step with tailings. After the maintenance is completed, the second step of mining and filling is carried out according to the above steps until the mining of the entire top and bottom columns is completed.

[0034] By adopting the above technical scheme, after filling the empty area of ​​the room-pillar method with tailings, the cutting shaft 8 is excavated upward with the pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 retained by the original room-pillar method as the free surface, and the cutting shaft 8 is used as a chute. Subsequently, the cutting shaft 8 and the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 are used as free surfaces to form a cutting groove. Pedestrians and materials go up to the top plate 13 of the ore body through the pedestrian material return air shaft 4, and the downward parallel medium-deep holes are excavated on the steps 14 for blasting and mining, and the ore is thrown into the pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7, and then the original cutting and pulling bottom project is used as the main transportation channel to transport it to the outer-vein transportation tunnel 1. The directional throwing effect of the medium-deep hole is fully utilized, which greatly saves the transportation cost of the ore and overcomes the difficulties of low ore output and large mining and cutting engineering.

[0035] A mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar recovery method is described in detail below with a specific embodiment:

[0036] A mine originally used the room-and-pillar method for mining. The ore body thickness was 10-20m, the ore body inclination was 10-30°, the middle section height was 30m, the mine room was 7m, the ore pillar was 3m, and the top and bottom pillars were reserved at a height of 8-10m. A large number of high-value top and bottom pillar resources remained, which were difficult to recover and had low economic benefits. The main steps of the mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar recovery method are as follows:

[0037] Step 1: First, fill the empty area of ​​room-pillar mining with tailings. After the filling strength reaches the requirement, divide the gently inclined medium-thick to thick large top and bottom pillar ore body into a panel every 60m along the strike direction of the ore body. The panel is divided into one or two step mining areas for mining. The width of the first step mining area is 8-10m, and the width of the second step mining area is 8-10m. The mining height of the mining area is the height of the bottom pillar, and the height of the bottom pillar is 10m;

[0038] Step 2: Using the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 as the cutting tunnel, a YGZ-90 drill is used to dig a cutting shaft 8 upward in the middle of the cutting tunnel of step 1. The size of the shaft is 2×2m. Pedestrians and materials are transported up to the top plate 13 of the ore body through the cutting shaft 8.

[0039] Step 3: Use YT-28 drilling at the top plate 13 of the top and bottom pillars to cut the top 2 to 3m first, cut the top to form a step 14 of ≤10°, and lower the cut ore 15 through the cutting shaft 8 to the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 to exit the mine. After cutting the top, the top plate 13 of the ore body is supported by anchor rods 5 to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. The spacing between the anchor rods is 1.0×1.0m respectively; the subsequent transportation of pedestrians and material equipment can reach the top plate 13 of the ore body through the remaining cutting tunnel 3 and the pedestrian material return air shaft 4;

[0040] Step 4: Use the cut skylight 8 and the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 as free surfaces to form a cutting groove 12, and use a down-the-hole drill to drill parallel medium-deep holes 10 on the step 14 for upward blasting. The diameter of the blasthole is ф60mm~ф76mm, and the hole depth is the vertical thickness of the ore body. The blasthole row spacing is 1.8m~2.0m, the hole spacing is 1.6~1.8m, the blasthole charging coefficient is 0.75~0.85, and the blasthole is 6~8m. The blocking length is about 1.5m. When the blasthole depth exceeds 10m, the blasthole is blocked by 2.5m.

[0041] Step 5: After the rock drilling is completed, clean the blastholes and use the BQF-100 charge loader to charge. The explosives are powdered ammonium nitrate explosives and non-electric detonator millisecond detonator micro-difference blasting; the positive row hole blasting is 2 to 3 rows each time. Using the directional throwing effect of the medium-deep hole 10 blasting, the blasted ore 15 is thrown into the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7. The thrown ore 15 is 2m 3 An electric shovel loader enters the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 from the ore-discharging vein 6 to load ore. The shovel loader scoops the ore and transports it through the ore-discharging vein 6 to the off-vein transport tunnel 1 for ore-discharging. After the ore-discharging is completed, the mine is ventilated immediately. Fresh air enters from the off-vein transport tunnel 1, enters the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel 7 through the ore-discharging vein 6, and then enters the mine. The polluted air passes through the upper cutting top layer and is collected into the excavated pedestrian material return air shaft 4, and finally is collected into the retained cutting tunnel 3.

[0042] Step six: The post-filling pipeline is connected to the empty area through the off-vein transport tunnel 1, the chute 2 and the cutting tunnel 3 retained in the upper and middle sections, and the pedestrian material return air shaft 4. The mining area where the top and bottom columns have been mined in the first step is filled with tailings. After the maintenance is completed, the top and bottom columns of the second step are mined and filled according to the above steps until the mining of the entire top and bottom columns is completed.

[0043] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A mechanized pre-cut top medium-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method, characterized in that The steps include: S1. First, fill the empty area with tailings. After the strength reaches the requirement, divide the ore body into multiple panels, and carry out mining in the panels in one or two steps; S2, using the remaining pedestrian ventilation lane as the cutting lane, digging a cutting skylight upward in the middle of the cutting lane of one step; S3. First, cut the top of the ore body roof at the top and bottom pillars to form a step, and support the ore body roof. The cut ore is lowered through the cutting skylight to the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel to exit the mine; S4, using the cutting skylight and the cutting lane as free surfaces to form a cutting groove, digging downward parallel medium-deep holes on the steps for positive row blasting and inclined upward mining; S5. Utilize the directional throwing effect of downward parallel medium-deep hole blasting to throw the ore into the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel, and finally use the scraper to pass through the vein to enter the trackless ore discharge along the vein transport tunnel; S6. The mining area where the top and bottom pillars have been mined in step 1 is backfilled with tailings. After the maintenance is completed, the second step of mining is carried out according to the above steps until the mining of the entire top and bottom pillars is completed.

2. The mechanized pre-cutting top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S1, after the filling pipes are set up and the isolation walls are built in the empty area of ​​room-and-pillar mining as required, the tailings cementation filling is carried out.

3. The mechanized pre-cutting top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 2 is characterized by: In step S2, the remaining pedestrian ventilation tunnel is used as the cutting tunnel, and a YGZ-90 drill is used to drill an upward straight hole in the middle of the cutting tunnel in step one to excavate a cutting shaft, so that the cutting shaft also serves as a chute, and pedestrians and materials go up to the top plate of the ore body through the pedestrian material return air shaft.

4. The mechanized pre-cutting top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, the inclination angle after top cutting is too large, making it difficult to install medium-deep hole equipment. Therefore, the top of the ore body is cut to form a step of ≤10°. After top cutting, the top plate is supported by anchor rods to ensure the safety of subsequent mining. Subsequent transportation of pedestrians and material equipment can reach the top plate of the ore body through the cutting tunnel retained in the upper and middle sections through the pedestrian material return air shaft, avoiding the transportation of pedestrians and materials through the empty area.

5. The mechanized pre-cutting top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S4, the forward row of blastholes is drilled using a down-the-hole drill to drill parallel medium-depth holes, the depth of which is the vertical thickness of the ore body. After the drilling is completed, the blastholes are cleaned and charged. The forward row of holes is blasted 2 to 3 rows each time, and micro-differences between rows and holes can be used to increase the superposition effect of detonation waves, reduce the large block rate and blasting vibration, and reduce the impact on the surrounding area.

6. The mechanized pre-cutting top medium-long hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S5, after the medium-deep hole blasting process, fresh air flows in from the off-vein transport tunnel, enters the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel through the transport tunnel, and then enters the mining area. The polluted air flows through the upper cutting top layer into the pedestrian material return air shaft excavated from the retained cutting tunnel, and finally into the retained cutting tunnel and enters the off-vein transport tunnel.

7. The mechanized pre-cutting top and middle-deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 6 is characterized by: In step S5, the ore mined from the top layer is rake-pulled into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel by an electric rake, and the ore from the medium and deep hole blasting is thrown into the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel. Then, an electric shovel loader is used to enter the retained pedestrian ventilation tunnel from the ore outlet through the vein to load the ore, and the ore is shoveled and transported to the transport tunnel outside the vein.

8. The mechanized pre-cutting top and deep hole blasting top and bottom pillar efficient mining technology method according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S6, high-strength filling materials are used to fill the top and bottom columns of the first step. After the filling and curing is completed, the top and bottom columns of the second step are mined.

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