Device and method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment and environmental protection, and discloses a device and method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, including a coal gasification slag material supply module, the coal gasification slag material supply module is connected to the primary incinerator, the discharge port at the top of the primary incinerator is connected to the feed port of the cyclone separator, the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the feed port of the secondary melting furnace, the large particle outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the primary incinerator, the air intake module is respectively connected to the primary incinerator and the secondary melting furnace, the primary incinerator and the secondary melting furnace both transport the reacted slag to the microcrystalline glass forming module, and the flue gas outlet of the secondary melting furnace is connected to the flue gas treatment module. The present invention can operate stably and at low cost, and achieve high utilization and high-value reuse of coal gasification slag without generating almost any solid waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment and environmental protection, and specifically relates to a device and method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag. Background Art

[0002] During the combustion of coal, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are produced, causing serious environmental pollution. Based on the above situation, the main focus is on promoting clean and efficient use of coal and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. In order to reduce the increasingly serious air pollution caused by coal burning from the source, countries around the world have been doing their best to develop clean coal technology for decades. Among these technologies, coal gasification technology is known as a leading, effective, economical and environmentally friendly coal technology.

[0003] As the foundation of modern coal chemical industry, coal gasification can produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas. At the same time, it has the advantages of high efficiency, low sulfide and nitrogen oxide emissions, and high flexibility. Coal gasification is the leading technology of modern coal chemical industry. Under the background of global energy structure transformation, the prospects of coal gasification technology are becoming increasingly bright. In China alone, the clean and efficient utilization technology of coal with coal gasification as the core has developed rapidly, and the production capacity of coal-to-syngas has been increasing. Entrained-bed gasification technology has wide adaptability to coal types, high reaction efficiency, and large single-furnace processing capacity. Therefore, it can be widely used in industrial production processes. However, due to the limitations of the process principle of entrained-bed gasification, a large amount of by-product gasification slag will be produced in the coal gasification process, especially the water-containing coal gasification fine slag carried out by the crude synthesis gas and obtained through preliminary washing and purification, flocculation precipitation and pressure filtration, which contains 20%~40% residual carbon components, which seriously restricts its resource utilization and treatment process. The national gasification fine slag production is expected to exceed 40 million tons (dry basis). As an industrial solid waste with high carbon content, coal gasification fine slag is currently mainly treated through large-scale landfill and stockpiling, which occupies a large amount of land and also brings a series of ecological and environmental problems. Therefore, how to reduce the pollution caused by waste slag and achieve scientific and effective disposal and turn waste into treasure has become an important direction that the coal gasification industry needs to challenge to achieve sustainable, low-pollution and high-efficiency development.

[0004] Because the composition of coal gasification slag is complex, with high water content, carbon content, silicon and aluminum content, it cannot be directly used at present. The existing technology has high cost for carbon extraction through flotation and cannot be applied to enterprise production; and the carbon activity contained in coal gasification slag is low, and direct combustion cannot burn continuously and stably. There is a technology for producing rock wool from coal gasification slag in the existing technology, but the requirements for coal gasification slag are high and there are many by-products. It is also difficult to achieve a high waste utilization rate. A large amount of waste is converted into other pollutants during the utilization process, resulting in serious pollution; therefore, it is difficult to achieve high-value utilization of coal gasification slag while meeting environmental protection needs. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for fully utilizing the components of coal gasification fine slag, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of high cost, poor stability and difficulty in achieving high utilization rate and high-value reuse of coal gasification fine slag while meeting environmental protection requirements.

[0006] The device for fully utilizing the components of coal gasification fine slag comprises a coal gasification slag material supply module, a primary incinerator, a secondary melting furnace, a cyclone separator, an air intake module, a flue gas treatment module and a microcrystalline glass forming module. The coal gasification slag material supply module is connected to the feed port at the bottom of the primary incinerator for feeding, the discharge port at the top of the primary incinerator is connected to the feed port of the cyclone separator, the flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the feed port of the secondary melting furnace, the large particle outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the circulation feed port at the bottom of the primary incinerator, the air intake module is respectively connected to the air intake port at the bottom of the primary incinerator and the feed port of the secondary melting furnace for gas supply, the primary incinerator and the secondary melting furnace are both provided with slag outlets, the slag outlets transport the reacted slag to the microcrystalline glass forming module, and the flue gas outlet of the secondary melting furnace is connected to the flue gas treatment module.

[0007] Preferably, the secondary melting furnace includes a furnace body made of refractory materials, the furnace body is divided into an ash melting zone and an ash collecting zone by upper and lower parts, the ash melting zone and the ash collecting zone are connected by an ash channel, the top of the furnace body is provided with a burner mouth for spraying fire toward the ash melting zone, the bottom of the ash melting zone is funnel-shaped; the bottom of the melting zone is provided with several layers of groove structure from the outside to the inside, and a carbon thermal reaction zone is formed at the bottom of the melting zone, the ash collecting zone is provided with a slag outlet at the bottom and an air outlet at the top.

[0008] Preferably, the microcrystalline glass forming module includes a slag collecting device, a microcrystalline glass forming device and a natural gas supply device, the slag outlets of both the primary incineration furnace and the secondary melting furnace are connected to the slag collecting device, the slag collecting device is connected to the microcrystalline glass forming device, and the natural gas supply device is used to transport natural gas to the microcrystalline glass forming device.

[0009] Preferably, the gasification slag supply module includes a coarse slag dehydration device, a fine slag dehydration device, a raw material mixing bin and a raw material feeding bin, the discharge ports of the coarse slag dehydration device and the fine slag dehydration device are both connected to the feed port of the raw material mixing bin, and the outlet of the raw material mixing bin is connected to the inlet of the raw material feeding bin; the raw material feeding bin is connected to the feed port at the lower part of the primary incinerator through a spiral auger for feeding.

[0010] Preferably, the air intake module includes an induced draft fan and an air preheating device, the induced draft fan is connected to the air intake pipeline part of the air preheating device through a pipeline, the flue gas outlet of the secondary melting furnace is connected to the flue gas pipeline part of the air preheating device, the outlet of the air intake pipeline part is respectively connected to the air intake at the lower part of the primary incinerator and the feed inlet of the secondary melting furnace through pipelines, and the outlet of the flue gas management part is connected to the flue gas treatment module.

[0011] Preferably, the flue gas treatment module includes a denitrification device, a dust removal device, a desulfurization device and a chimney, and the denitrification device, the dust removal device, the desulfurization device and the chimney are connected in sequence through pipelines.

[0012] The present invention also provides a method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, using the above-mentioned device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, comprising the following steps.

[0013] 1. Prepare raw materials.

[0014] 2. The coal gasification mixed slag is incinerated in a primary cycle through the circulating fluidized bed technology.

[0015] 3. The separated materials are melted at high temperature in a secondary melting furnace.

[0016] 4. Collect the slag discharged from the primary incinerator and the secondary melting furnace and form the microcrystalline glass.

[0017] Preferably, in the step 2, the gasified mixed slag is fed from the bottom of the primary incinerator, and the induced draft fan feeds in fluidizing air. The fluidizing air is preheated by an air preheater to raise the temperature to 600°C. The fluidizing air enters through the bottom to allow the raw materials to undergo fluidization reaction in the furnace. The gasified mixed slag after incineration and preheating is discharged from the top of the primary incinerator into the cyclone separator along with the fluidizing wind. The large particles separated by the cyclone separator return to the primary incinerator from the bottom of the cyclone separator to continue reacting, and the other part of the high-temperature flue gas separated from the top enters the secondary melting furnace; the temperature in both the primary incinerator and the cyclone separator is controlled at 950°C.

[0018] Preferably, in the step three, the high-temperature flue gas obtained by the previous treatment is sprayed into the top of the secondary melting furnace, the air supplied by the induced draft fan is preheated to 600°C by an air preheater, and then sprayed into the furnace body together with the high-temperature flue gas, fine particle ash and residual carbon from the feed port at the top of the secondary melting furnace; the temperature in the furnace body is maintained at 1400-1600°C, the ash is completely melted in the furnace body to generate liquid slag, which hangs on the wall and flows down along the furnace wall; the liquid slag at the bottom of the melting zone with a groove structure undergoes a carbon thermal reaction, thereby achieving a complete reaction of the residual carbon.

[0019] Preferably, in the step four, the overflowing liquid slag enters the slag collecting device, and modifiers and seed crystals are added to the liquid slag in the slag collecting area. After being temporarily stored in the slag collecting device, the liquid slag is directly sent to the microcrystalline glass forming device to produce high-value-added microcrystalline glass. If the operating conditions fluctuate, natural gas can be added to assist in heating.

[0020] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1) The present invention realizes the combustion of carbon with higher activity in the primary incinerator, preheats the ash and carbon with lower activity, and then enters the secondary melting furnace to melt the ash into liquid slag to achieve the change of mineral crystal phase. At the same time, the carbon-thermal reaction in the secondary melting furnace can further transform the residual carbon with lower activity, thereby achieving full treatment of the residual carbon. The molten liquid slag can become the raw material of microcrystalline glass to produce high-value microcrystalline glass products. Microcrystalline glass is a polycrystalline material with a fine microstructure, which is made of controlled crystallization (devitrification) of glass and can be used to produce glass ceramics. In this way, the coal gasification mixed slag component can further improve the utilization efficiency, and the near-zero solid waste emission solves the problems existing in the prior art.

[0022] 2) Compared with the high-cost treatment methods such as flotation in the prior art, this method utilizes the characteristics of the components of the coal gasification mixed slag itself, and processes and utilizes it through primary incineration and secondary melting, so that the various components in the raw materials complement each other, thereby realizing the utilization of all components of the coal gasification fine slag and achieving it at a lower processing cost.

[0023] 3) In this method, the primary combustion is mainly to burn the carbon residue with higher activity first, and preheat the carbon residue with lower activity at the same time. The combination of circulating fluidized bed technology can ensure the stability of the incineration reaction. The low-activity carbon residue that is difficult to burn stably is transported to the secondary melting furnace after separation together with the finer fly ash. In the melting furnace, during the process of fuel injection through the burner mouth for combustion and heating, the carbon residue is mainly treated by carbon thermal reaction at high temperature. The treatment is relatively sufficient, and the product is convenient for the subsequent preparation of microcrystalline glass.

[0024] 4) The secondary melting furnace completely reacts the carbon components in the coal gasification fine slag, and the generated liquid slag directly enters the slag collection device without cooling and causing no heat loss. After adding crystal seeds, it is passed into the microcrystalline glass forming device to produce high value-added microcrystalline glass without generating harmful solid waste and avoiding re-pollution during treatment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic flow chart of a device and method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the secondary melting furnace in the structure shown.

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure at the bottom of the melting zone in the structure shown.

[0028] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. fine slag dehydration device, 2. coarse slag dehydration device, 3. raw material mixing bin, 4. raw material feeding bin, 5. primary incinerator, 6. cyclone separator, 7. secondary melting furnace, 71. furnace body, 72. burner mouth, 73. ash melting zone, 74. ash collecting zone, 75. slag outlet, 76. gas outlet, 77. bottom of melting zone, 78. groove structure, 8. slag collecting device, 9. microcrystalline glass forming device, 10. air preheating device, 11. induced draft fan, 12. denitrification device, 13. dust removal device, 14. desulfurization device, 15. chimney, 16. natural gas supply device, 17. liquid slag, 18. carbon thermal reaction zone. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are further explained in detail below by describing the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to help those skilled in the art to have a more complete, accurate and in-depth understanding of the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention.

[0030] The coal gasification mixed slag contains a variety of components, among which the residual carbon and silicon and aluminum compounds have a relatively high content. The composition analysis results of the main components and their contents are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1: Analysis results of main components of coal gasification mixed slag.

[0032]

[0033] As can be seen from the above table, when utilizing all components of coal gasification mixed slag, its own characteristics need to be utilized; the high carbon content means that its heat can be utilized through the combustion of residual carbon, and the high silicon and aluminum content makes the processed ash a raw material for a high value-added product, namely, microcrystalline glass. Based on the above perspectives, the present invention innovates the existing technology to realize the large-scale utilization of all components of coal gasification fine slag.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown in FIG3 , the present invention provides a device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, including a coal gasification slag material supply module, a primary incinerator 5, a secondary melting furnace 7, a cyclone separator 6, an air intake module, a flue gas treatment module and a microcrystalline glass forming module, wherein the coal gasification slag material supply module is connected to a feed port at the lower portion of the primary incinerator 5 for feeding, a discharge port at the top of the primary incinerator 5 is connected to a feed port of the cyclone separator 6 for feeding preheated coal gasification mixed slag conveyed with fluidizing air, and a flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 6 is connected to an inlet port of the secondary melting furnace 7. The large particle outlet of the cyclone separator 6 is connected to the circulating feed inlet at the lower part of the primary incinerator 5, and the air intake module is respectively connected to the air intake at the lower part of the primary incinerator 5 and the feed inlet of the secondary melting furnace 7 for gas supply. The primary incinerator 5 and the secondary melting furnace 7 are both provided with a slag outlet 75, and the slag outlet 75 transports the reacted slag to the microcrystalline glass forming module for microcrystalline glass forming. The smoke outlet of the secondary melting furnace 7 is connected to the smoke treatment module, so as to discharge the smoke after treatment to avoid pollution to the environment.

[0035] The primary incinerator 5 and the cyclone separator 6 form a circulating fluidized bed, so the input coal gasification mixed slag can be preheated and burned, wherein: (1) The coal gasification mixed slag has the characteristics of high water content and poor carbon combustion activity. By preheating the coal gasification fine slag through the circulating fluidized bed, the combustion characteristics of the gasification fine slag can be improved, so that the gasification fine slag can be more fully burned within a certain period of time. (2) The particle size distribution of the coal gasification mixed slag is uneven. After the slag is preheated through the circulating fluidized bed, the small-particle fine slag is sent to the secondary melting furnace 7 through the cyclone separator 6 to continue the reaction, while the large-particle coarse slag returns to the furnace from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 through the return device, carrying heat and mixing with the mixed slag newly entering the furnace to achieve dehydration of the mixed slag. (3) After the fine slag is preheated by the circulating fluidized bed, the reaction activity of the carbon particles in the coal gasification fine slag is improved, and it can react more fully in the secondary melting furnace 7.

[0036] The secondary melting furnace 7 comprises a furnace body 71 made of refractory material, the furnace body 71 is divided into an ash melting zone 73 and an ash collecting zone 74, the ash melting zone 73 and the ash collecting zone 74 are connected by an ash channel, the furnace body 71 is provided with a burner 72 for spraying fire toward the ash melting zone 73 at the top, the melting zone bottom 77 of the ash melting zone 73 is funnel-shaped; the melting zone bottom 77 is provided with several layers of groove structures 78 from the outside to the inside, the ash collecting zone 74 is provided with a slag outlet 75 at the bottom and an air outlet 76 at the top, which is used to discharge the tail gas after the reaction of the secondary melting furnace 7. The melting furnace completely melts the ash in the ash melting zone 73 to generate liquid slag 17, which hangs on the wall and flows down along the furnace wall, and then flows into the ash channel along the funnel-shaped melting zone bottom 77 and enters the ash collecting zone 74. The groove structure 78 prolongs the residence time of the liquid slag and the residual carbon in this area, forming a carbon thermal reaction zone 18, so that the substances in the slag are more likely to undergo a carbon thermal reaction in this area, and the complete reaction of the residual carbon therein is achieved by increasing the carbon thermal reaction time. After that, the overflowing liquid slag 17 enters the slag collection device 8, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the outlet 76 of the secondary melting furnace 7. The slag collection area in the secondary melting furnace 7 is provided with an adding structure, so that the liquid slag 17 can be added with a modifier and a seed crystal in the slag collection area, which is more conducive to the production of microcrystalline glass.

[0037] The microcrystalline glass forming module includes a slag collecting device 8, a microcrystalline glass forming device 9 and a natural gas supply device 16. The slag outlets 75 of both the primary incinerator 5 and the secondary melting furnace 7 are connected to the slag collecting device 8. The slag collecting device 8 is connected to the microcrystalline glass forming device 9 for slag transportation. The natural gas supply device 16 is used to transport natural gas to the microcrystalline glass forming device 9 so that the latter can adopt natural gas combustion for auxiliary heating.

[0038] The coal gasification slag supply module includes a coarse slag dehydration device 2, a fine slag dehydration device 1, a raw material mixing bin 3 and a raw material feeding bin 4. The coarse slag dehydration device 2 and the fine slag dehydration device 1 are respectively used to dehydrate the coal gasification coarse slag and the coal gasification fine slag. The discharge ports of the coarse slag dehydration device 2 and the fine slag dehydration device 1 are both connected to the feed port of the raw material mixing bin 3. The raw material mixing bin 3 is used to mix the coal gasification coarse slag and the coal gasification fine slag into coal gasification mixed slag. The outlet of the raw material mixing bin 3 is connected to the inlet of the raw material feeding bin 4 to transport the coal gasification mixed slag therein for storage; the raw material feeding bin 4 is connected to the feed port at the lower part of the primary incinerator 5 for feeding through a spiral auger.

[0039] The air intake module includes an induced draft fan 11 and an air preheating device 10, wherein the induced draft fan 11 is connected to the air intake pipeline portion of the air preheating device 10 through a pipeline, the smoke outlet of the secondary melting furnace 7 is connected to the smoke pipeline portion of the air preheating device 10, the outlet of the air intake pipeline portion is connected to the air intake port at the lower part of the primary incinerator 5 and the feed port of the secondary melting furnace 7 through a pipeline, and the outlet of the smoke management portion is connected to the smoke treatment module. In this way, the high-temperature smoke discharged from the secondary melting furnace 7 can be used to preheat the air input by the induced draft fan 11 during air intake.

[0040] The flue gas treatment module includes a denitration device 12, a dust removal device 13, a desulfurization device 14 and a chimney 15, which are sequentially connected through pipelines. In this way, after a series of denitration, dust removal and desulfurization treatments, the flue gas discharged from the secondary melting furnace 7 is harmless and can be discharged through the chimney 15.

[0041] The present invention also provides a method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, which uses the above-mentioned device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag. The method comprises the following steps.

[0042] 1. Prepare raw materials, mix the dehydrated coarse gasification slag and the fine gasification slag and send them to the raw material feeding bin 4 for storage, and quantitatively transport the mixed gasification slag stored in the raw material feeding bin 4 to the primary incinerator 5 as needed.

[0043] 2. The coal gasification mixed slag is incinerated in a primary cycle through the circulating fluidized bed technology.

[0044] In this step, the coal gasification mixed slag is fed from the bottom of the primary incinerator 5, and the induced draft fan 11 feeds fluidizing air. The fluidizing air is preheated by the air preheater to raise the temperature to 600°C. The fluidizing air enters through the bottom to make the raw materials undergo fluidization reaction in the furnace. The coal gasification mixed slag after incineration and preheating is discharged from the top of the primary incinerator 5 into the cyclone separator 6 with the fluidizing air. The large particle material separated by the cyclone separator 6 returns to the primary incinerator 5 from the bottom of the cyclone separator 6 to continue the reaction. Another part of the high-temperature flue gas separated from the top drives the fine particle ash and residual carbon in the high-temperature flue gas into the secondary melting furnace 7. The temperature in the primary incinerator 5 and the cyclone separator 6 is controlled at about 950°C.

[0045] 3. The separated materials are subjected to high temperature melting treatment in the secondary melting furnace 7.

[0046] In this step, the high-temperature flue gas obtained by the previous treatment is sprayed from the top of the secondary melting furnace 7. The high-temperature flue gas contains fine-particle ash and residual carbon, and the high-temperature flue gas can maintain the temperature in the furnace body 71 at 1400-1600°C. The air supplied by the induced draft fan 11 is preheated to 600°C by the air preheater, and then sprayed into the furnace body 71 from the feed port at the top of the secondary melting furnace 7 together with the high-temperature flue gas, fine-particle ash and residual carbon. In the furnace body 71, the ash is completely melted to generate liquid slag 17, which hangs on the wall and flows down along the furnace wall. The bottom 77 of the melting zone with a groove structure 78 prolongs the residence time of the liquid slag and residual carbon in this area, forming a carbon thermal reaction zone 18, in which the liquid slag 17 undergoes a carbon thermal reaction. In sufficient time, this step achieves a complete reaction of the residual carbon.

[0047] The residual carbon in the coal gasification mixed slag is the ungasified carbon coming out of the 1500℃, 10MPa fluidized bed gasification furnace, most of which have very poor activity. Therefore, even if the conventional incinerator performs graded incineration, it is difficult to make the residual carbon in the ash react completely. With this solution, the unburned carbon contained in the coal gasification mixed slag is used to burn the carbon with higher activity in the primary incinerator 5, and the ash and the carbon with lower activity are preheated. The coal gasification fine slag flue gas separated by particle size after preheating is melted into liquid slag 17 by high temperature in the secondary melting furnace 7 to achieve a change in the mineral crystal phase. The residual carbon that is more difficult to react flows down the furnace wall with the molten slag, and realizes a carbon thermal reaction in the process of passing through the bottom with the groove structure 78, thereby achieving a complete conversion of the residual carbon.

[0048] After being preheated in the primary incinerator 5, the carbon that is difficult to react flows down the furnace wall with the molten slag in the secondary melting furnace 7, and realizes carbon thermal reaction in the bottom groove, so that the residual carbon with poor activity is completely converted. The reaction equation of carbon thermal reaction is as follows:

[0049] SiO2+2C→Si+2CO;

[0050] Al2O3+3C→2Al+3CO;

[0051] CaO+3C=CaC2+CO;

[0052] Fe2O3+C=Fe3O4+CO;

[0053] Fe3O4+C=FeO+CO;

[0054] FeO+C=Fe+CO;

[0055] The carbon thermal reaction is different from the combustion reaction of the residual carbon. The carbon thermal reaction is a reaction between carbon and liquid slag 17 to completely burn the residual carbon.

[0056] Fourth, collecting the slag discharged from the primary incinerator 5 and the secondary melting furnace 7 and forming the microcrystalline glass.

[0057] The overflowed liquid slag 17 enters the slag collecting device 8, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the gas outlet 76 of the secondary melting furnace 7. In the slag collecting area, modifiers and seed crystals are added to the liquid slag 17 to produce raw materials for microcrystalline glass. The molten liquid slag 17 can become the raw material for microcrystalline glass to produce high-value microcrystalline glass products. After that, the liquid slag 17 is temporarily stored in the slag collecting device 8 and then directly sent to the microcrystalline glass forming device 9 to produce high-value microcrystalline glass. Natural gas can be added to the microcrystalline glass forming device 9 for auxiliary heating. If there is a fluctuation in the working condition, natural gas can be added for auxiliary heating.

[0058] While the above steps are being carried out, the present invention also purifies and removes dust from the waste gas discharged from the secondary melting furnace 7. The discharged waste gas first enters the air preheating device 10 to preheat the air input by the induced draft fan 11, raising the air temperature to 600°C, and then goes through purification steps such as denitrification, dust removal and desulfurization in sequence before being discharged as smoke.

[0059] The present invention is described above by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned method. As long as various non-substantial improvements are made using the inventive concept and technical solution of the present invention, or the inventive concept and technical solution are directly applied to other occasions without improvement, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, characterized by: The invention comprises a coal gasification slag material supply module, a primary incinerator (5), a secondary melting furnace (7), a cyclone separator (6), an air intake module, a flue gas treatment module and a microcrystalline glass forming module, wherein the coal gasification slag material supply module is connected to a feed inlet at the bottom of the primary incinerator (5) for feeding, a discharge port at the top of the primary incinerator (5) is connected to a feed inlet of the cyclone separator (6), a flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator (6) is connected to a feed inlet of the secondary melting furnace (7), and the cyclone separator ( The large particle outlet of the primary incinerator (6) is connected to the circulating feed port at the bottom of the primary incinerator (5), the air intake module is respectively connected to the air intake port at the bottom of the primary incinerator (5) and the feed port of the secondary melting furnace (7) for gas supply, the primary incinerator (5) and the secondary melting furnace (7) are both provided with a slag outlet (75), the slag outlet (75) transports the reacted slag to the microcrystalline glass forming module, and the smoke outlet of the secondary melting furnace (7) is connected to the smoke treatment module; The secondary melting furnace (7) comprises a furnace body (71) made of refractory material. The furnace body (71) is divided into an ash melting zone (73) and an ash collecting zone (74) from top to bottom. The ash melting zone (73) and the ash collecting zone (74) are connected through an ash channel. A burner mouth (72) for spraying fire toward the ash melting zone (73) is provided at the top of the furnace body (71). The bottom (77) of the ash melting zone (73) is funnel-shaped. A plurality of layers of groove structures (78) are provided at the bottom (77) of the melting zone from the outside to the inside. A carbon thermal reaction zone (18) is formed at the bottom (77) of the melting zone. A slag outlet (75) is provided at the bottom of the ash collecting zone (74) and an air outlet (76) is provided at the top.

2. The device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcrystalline glass forming module comprises a slag collecting device (8), a microcrystalline glass forming device (9) and a natural gas supply device (16); the slag outlets (75) of both the primary incinerator (5) and the secondary melting furnace (7) are connected to the slag collecting device (8); the slag collecting device (8) is connected to the microcrystalline glass forming device (9); and the natural gas supply device (16) is used to transport natural gas to the microcrystalline glass forming device (9).

3. The device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal gasification slag supply module comprises a coarse slag dehydration device (2), a fine slag dehydration device (1), a raw material mixing bin (3) and a raw material feeding bin (4); the discharge ports of the coarse slag dehydration device (2) and the fine slag dehydration device (1) are both connected to the feed port of the raw material mixing bin (3); the outlet of the raw material mixing bin (3) is connected to the inlet of the raw material feeding bin (4); the raw material feeding bin (4) is connected to the feed port at the bottom of the primary incinerator (5) through a spiral auger for feeding.

4. The device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake module comprises an induced draft fan (11) and an air preheating device (10), wherein the induced draft fan (11) is connected to the air intake pipeline portion of the air preheating device (10) through a pipeline, and the smoke outlet of the secondary melting furnace (7) is connected to the smoke pipeline portion of the air preheating device (10), and the outlet of the air intake pipeline portion is respectively connected to the air intake port at the lower part of the primary incinerator (5) and the feed port of the secondary melting furnace (7) through a pipeline, and the outlet of the smoke pipeline portion is connected to the smoke treatment module.

5. The device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas treatment module comprises a denitration device (12), a dust removal device (13), a desulfurization device (14) and a chimney (15), and the denitration device (12), the dust removal device (13), the desulfurization device (14) and the chimney (15) are sequentially connected via pipelines.

6. A method for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag, characterized in that: The device for utilizing all components of coal gasification fine slag according to any one of claims 1 to 5 comprises the following steps:

1. Prepare raw materials; Second, the coal gasification mixed slag is incinerated in a primary cycle by using circulating fluidized bed technology; 3. subjecting the separated materials to high-temperature melting treatment in a secondary melting furnace (7); 4. collecting the slag discharged from the primary incinerator (5) and the secondary melting furnace (7) and forming the microcrystalline glass; In the step 2, the coal gasification mixed slag is fed from the bottom of the primary incinerator (5), and the induced draft fan (11) feeds fluidizing air. The fluidizing air is preheated by the air preheater to raise the temperature to 600°C. The fluidizing air enters through the bottom to make the raw materials undergo fluidization reaction in the furnace. The coal gasification mixed slag after incineration preheating is discharged from the top of the primary incinerator (5) into the cyclone separator (6) along with the fluidizing air. The large particle material separated by the cyclone separator (6) returns to the primary incinerator (5) from the bottom of the cyclone separator (6) to continue the reaction, and another part of the high-temperature flue gas separated from the top enters the secondary melting furnace (7); the temperature in the primary incinerator (5) and the cyclone separator (6) is controlled at 950°C; In the step 3, the high-temperature flue gas obtained by the previous treatment is sprayed into the top of the secondary melting furnace (7), and the air supplied by the induced draft fan (11) is preheated to 600° C. by the air preheater, and then sprayed into the furnace body (71) from the feed port at the top of the secondary melting furnace (7) together with the high-temperature flue gas, fine particle ash and residual carbon; the temperature in the furnace body (71) is maintained at 1400-1600° C., and the ash is completely melted in the furnace body (71) to generate liquid slag (17), which hangs on the wall and then flows down along the furnace wall; the liquid slag (17) at the bottom (77) of the melting zone having a groove structure (78) undergoes a carbon thermal reaction to achieve a complete reaction of the residual carbon; In the step 4, the overflowed liquid slag (17) enters the slag collecting device (8), and modifiers and seed crystals are added to the liquid slag (17) in the slag collecting area. After being temporarily stored in the slag collecting device (8), the liquid slag (17) is directly sent to the microcrystalline glass forming device (9) to produce high-value-added microcrystalline glass. If there is a fluctuation in the operating condition, natural gas is added to assist in heating.

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